List of the first female holders of political offices in Europe
Encyclopedia
AlbaniaAlbaniaAlbania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
- Minister of CultureMinister of cultureA culture minister is a Cabinet position in some governments responsible for protecting the national heritage of a country and promoting cultural expression....
- Nexhmije HoxhaNexhmije HoxhaNexhmije Hoxha is the widow of Albanian Socialist leader Enver Hoxha.-Personal history:Hoxha was born in Debar, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; present-day Debar, Republic of Macedonia. She studied at a high school in Tirana. After the war, she continued her studies at the State University...
- 1946 - Member of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania - Liri Berishova - 1950
- President of the Praesidium of the People's Republic of Albania - Mine Guri - 1978
- Foreign MinisterMinister of Foreign Affairs (Albania)The Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Albania, is the cabinet minister responsible for the foreign relations of Albania.The minister is in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whose headquarters are located on the Ali Demi street in Tirana.The current minister is Edmond...
- Arta Dade - 2001 - Deputy Prime Minister - Ermelinda Meksi - 2003
- Chairman of the Parliament - Jozefina TopalliJozefina TopalliJozefina Çoba Topalli is an Albanian politician and the current Chairwoman of the Parliament of Albania since September 3, 2005 and vice-president of the Democratic Party of Albania.She is married and has two children....
- 2005
AustriaAustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Maria Theresia of Austria - 1740 - President of the Bundesrat - Olga Ruder-ZeynekOlga Ruder-ZeynekOlga Ruder-Zeynek , was an Austrian politician and journalist. She served as President of the Bundesrat in 1927–28 and 1932.The Bundesrat, Federal Council, is the representation of the States if Austria...
- 1927 - Minister for Foreign Affairs - Benita Ferrero-WaldnerBenita Ferrero-WaldnerDr. Benita Ferrero-Waldner is an Austrian diplomat and politician, and a member of the conservative Austrian People's Party . Ferrero-Waldner served as the Foreign Minister of Austria 2000–2004 and was the candidate of the Austrian People's Party in the Austrian presidential election, 2004, which...
- 2000 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of InnsbruckInnsbruck- Main sights :- Buildings :*Golden Roof*Kaiserliche Hofburg *Hofkirche with the cenotaph of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor*Altes Landhaus...
- Hilde ZachHilde ZachHilde Zach was the mayor of Innsbruck, Austria. She was elected in 2002 by the city council, becoming the city's first woman mayor. She resigned due to poor health in February 2010...
- 2002-2011 - Minister for JusticeMinister for JusticeThe Scottish Cabinet Secretary for Justice, commonly referred to as the Justice Secretary, is a cabinet position in the Scottish Government...
- Karin GastingerKarin GastingerKarin Gastinger is an Austrian politician. She was Federal Minister of Justice in the coalition government led by Wolfgang Schüssel which served from June 2004 to January 2007....
- 2004
AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
- Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme SovietSupreme SovietThe Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
of Azerbaijan SSRAzerbaijan SSRThe Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union....
- Elmira Qafarova - 1989 - Chairwoman of the National Assembly of AzerbaijanNational Assembly of AzerbaijanThe National Assembly , also transliterated as Milli Majlis is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. The unicameral National Assembly has 125 deputies: previously 100 members were elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies and 25 were members elected by proportional...
- Elmira Qafarova - 1991 - Secretary of State - Lala ShevketLala ShevketProfessor Dr. Lala Shevket is an Azerbaijani politician, the Leader of the National Unity Movement and Azerbaijan Liberal Party, and one of the co-founders of the "Azadliq" Political Bloc, which is the largest opposition bloc in Azerbaijan, consisting of Azerbaijan Liberal Party, Azerbaijan...
- 1993
BelarusBelarusBelarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Catherine the Great - 1793 - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Belorussian SSR - Nadezhda Grigoryevna GrekovaNadezhda Grigoryevna GrekovaNadezhda Grigoryevna Grekova, or Nadežda Grekova , was a Soviet Belarusian politician. She was Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Belorussian SSR 1938-1947. Her office as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet nominally made her "Head of the Republic" in 1938...
- 1938
BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
- Governor - Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain - 1598
- Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
(SenateBelgian SenateThe Belgian Senate is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Chamber of Representatives. It is considered to be the "upper house" of the Federal Parliament.-History and future:...
) - Marie JansonMarie JansonMarie Janson was a Belgian politician and the first woman to serve in the Belgian senate. She was a daughter of Paul Janson and Anna-Augustine Amoré....
- 1921 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
- Léonie Keingaert de Gheluvelt - 1921 - Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
(Chamber of Representatives) - Lucie DejardinLucie DejardinLucie Dejardin was a Belgian politician, the first female member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives; she was elected under the auspices of the Belgian Workers Party to represent the district of Liège. She came from a family of miners, and had herself worked in a mine at one point Dejardin...
- 1929 - Minister for Family and Housing - Marguerite De Riemaecker-Legot - 1965
- Minister for Flemish Affairs - Rika De Backer - 1974
- MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of Antwerp - Mathilde Schroyens - 1977 - Party leaderParty leaderIn politics, the party leader is the most powerful official within a political party.The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, he or she will take a leading role in developing and communicating party policy, especially election...
of major political party - Antoinette SpaakAntoinette SpaakAntoinette M. Spaak, born in Brussels on 27 June 1928, is a Belgian politician.Daughter of former Prime Minister of Belgium Paul-Henri Spaak, granddaughter of the first female member of the Belgian Senate Marie Janson, and great-niece of Prime Minister Paul-Émile Janson, Spaak was born into a...
- 1977 - State secretarySecretary of StateSecretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....
for Brussels Region - Lydia De Pauw - 1979 - State secretarySecretary of StateSecretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....
for the Dutch-speaking CommunityFlemish CommunityThe term Flemish Community has two distinct, though related, meanings:...
- Rika Steyeart - 1979 - State secretarySecretary of StateSecretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....
for Environment and Social Emancipation - Miet SmetMiet SmetMiet Smet is a Belgian politician for the Christian Democratic and Flemish party .Miet Smet was the founder and first president of the Christian People's Party political women's organisation, Vrouw en Maatschappij .She was elected to the Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives in 1978...
- 1985 - State secretarySecretary of StateSecretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....
for Pensions - Leona Detiège - 1988 - Minister for Budget - Wivina Demeester - 1991
- Minister for Employment and Labour - Miet SmetMiet SmetMiet Smet is a Belgian politician for the Christian Democratic and Flemish party .Miet Smet was the founder and first president of the Christian People's Party political women's organisation, Vrouw en Maatschappij .She was elected to the Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives in 1978...
- 1992 - Minister of Health - Laurette OnkelinxLaurette OnkelinxLaurette A.J. Onkelinx is a Belgian politician from the Francophone Socialist Party. She is the Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health in the Belgian federal government, i.e., the Van Rompuy I Government, which took office on 30 December 2008.-Biography:Born to Gaston Onkelinx and Germaine...
- 1992 - Minister-PresidentMinister-PresidentA minister-president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments, in which a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government prevails, who presides over the council of ministers...
of the French CommunityFrench Community of BelgiumThe French Community of Belgium is one of the three official communities in Belgium along with the Flemish Community and the German speaking Community. Although its name could suggest that it is a community of French citizens in Belgium, it is not...
- Laurette OnkelinxLaurette OnkelinxLaurette A.J. Onkelinx is a Belgian politician from the Francophone Socialist Party. She is the Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health in the Belgian federal government, i.e., the Van Rompuy I Government, which took office on 30 December 2008.-Biography:Born to Gaston Onkelinx and Germaine...
- 1993 - Minister for Social Affairs - Magda De GalanMagda De GalanMagdalena C.A.M. De Galan is a Belgian politician from the Socialist Party. She is the current mayor in Forest and a member of Brussels Parliament.-Political career:...
- 1994 - Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime MinisterA deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
- Laurette OnkelinxLaurette OnkelinxLaurette A.J. Onkelinx is a Belgian politician from the Francophone Socialist Party. She is the Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health in the Belgian federal government, i.e., the Van Rompuy I Government, which took office on 30 December 2008.-Biography:Born to Gaston Onkelinx and Germaine...
& Isabelle DurantIsabelle DurantIsabelle A.J. Durant is a Belgian politician, member of the Ecolo party. On 15 September, 2010 Durant supported the new initiative Spinelli Group in the European Parliament, which was founded to reinvigorate the strive for federalisation of the European Union...
- 1999 - Minister of Transport - Isabelle DurantIsabelle DurantIsabelle A.J. Durant is a Belgian politician, member of the Ecolo party. On 15 September, 2010 Durant supported the new initiative Spinelli Group in the European Parliament, which was founded to reinvigorate the strive for federalisation of the European Union...
- 1999 - Minister of Justice - Laurette OnkelinxLaurette OnkelinxLaurette A.J. Onkelinx is a Belgian politician from the Francophone Socialist Party. She is the Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health in the Belgian federal government, i.e., the Van Rompuy I Government, which took office on 30 December 2008.-Biography:Born to Gaston Onkelinx and Germaine...
- 2003 - President of the SenateBelgian SenateThe Belgian Senate is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Chamber of Representatives. It is considered to be the "upper house" of the Federal Parliament.-History and future:...
- Anne-Marie LizinAnne-Marie LizinAnne-Marie Lizin is a Belgian politician. She used to be member of the Socialist Party but was banned from the party after a corruption case. She was the first female President of the Belgian Senate...
- 2004 - President of the Parliament of the French CommunityFrench Community of BelgiumThe French Community of Belgium is one of the three official communities in Belgium along with the Flemish Community and the German speaking Community. Although its name could suggest that it is a community of French citizens in Belgium, it is not...
- Isabelle SimonisIsabelle SimonisIsabelle Simonis is a Belgian politician from the Socialist Party.Simonis studied communication and she was active in the socialist women's rights movement.-Political career:...
- 2004 - President of the Flemish ParliamentFlemish ParliamentThe Flemish Parliament constitutes the legislative power in Flanders, for matters which fall within the competence of Flanders, both as a geographic region and a cultural community of Belgium The Flemish Parliament (Dutch: , and formerly called Flemish Council or Vlaamse Raad) constitutes the...
- Marleen VanderpoortenMarleen VanderpoortenMarleen Caroline Valère Vanderpoorten is a Flemish politician and member of the Flemish Liberals and Democrats . She is a daughter of Herman Vanderpoorten and a granddaughter of Arthur Vanderpoorten...
- 2006
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
- President of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaFederation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...
- Borjana KrištoBorjana KrištoBorjana Krišto is a Bosnian Croat politician, affiliated with the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina. She is the former president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - one of two political entities to compose Bosnia and Herzegovina - from February 22, 2007 to March 17, 2011...
- 2007
BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
- Regent - Tsarina Maria – 1018 (disputed)
- Regent - Irene Komnene of EpirusIrene Komnene of EpirusIrene Komnene Doukaina or Eirene Komnene Doukaina was a Greek princess and the third wife of tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. She was the mother of tsar Michael Asen I of Bulgaria....
– 1246 (disputed) - Prime Minister (acting) - Reneta IndzhovaReneta IndzhovaReneta Ivanova Indzhova is Bulgarian politician and manager. Between October 1994 and January 1995 she served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, the first woman in Bulgaria and still the only one to date to hold this office.- Biography :...
- 1994 - Foreign ministerForeign ministerA Minister of Foreign Affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign state. The foreign minister is often regarded as the most senior ministerial position below that of the head of government . It is often granted to the deputy prime minister in...
(acting) - Irina BokovaIrina BokovaIrina Georgieva Bokova is a Bulgarian politician, incumbent Directors-General of UNESCO. She was member of the Bulgarian Parliament from the Bulgarian Socialist Party for two terms, minister and deputy minister of foreign affairs in the socialist cabinet of Prime Minister Zhan Videnov, and was...
- 1996 - President of the National Assembly - Tsetska Tsacheva Dangovska - 2009
CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
Kingdom of CroatiaKingdom of Croatia (medieval)
The Kingdom of Croatia , also known as the Kingdom of the Croats , was a medieval kingdom covering most of what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans.Established in 925, it ruled as a sovereign state for almost two centuries...
:
- Regent (for Stjepan DržislavStjepan DržislavStephen Držislav was a King of Croatia from 969 AD until his death in 997. He was a member of the Trpimirović dynasty. He ruled from Biograd with Godemir as his Ban.-Early period:...
) - Jelena of ZadarJelena of ZadarHelen I , also known as Helen of Zadar or Helen the Glorious, was the queen consort of the Kingdom of Croatia, the wife of King Michael Krešimir II. They jointly ruled from 946 to 969, a period which was allegedly marked by "peace, order and expeditious growth"...
, Queen of Croatia - 969
As part of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
:
- Prime Minister of SR Croatia - Savka Dabčević-Kučar - 1967
- President of the Presidency - Ema Derossi-Bjelajac - 1985
As independent country:
- Minister for Education - Vesna Girardi-JurkićVesna Girardi-JurkićVesna Girardi-Jurkić is a Croatian archeologist and museologist. She formerly served as the Croatian Minister of Education, Culture and Sport in the period between April 1992 and October 1994 in the cabinets of Prime Ministers Franjo Gregurić, Hrvoje Šarinić and Nikica Valentić.Born in Zagreb in...
- 1992 - President of County house of Parliament (Senate) - Katica Ivanišević - 1994
- Minister for Building and Construction - Marina Matulović-DropulićMarina Matulovic-DropulicMarina Matulović-Dropulić is a Croatian politician, member of the Croatian Democratic Union.Matulović-Dropulić served as the mayor of Zagreb in two mandates - first an appointment for a couple of months in 1996 during the Zagreb Crisis, and again after the 1997 elections, until 2000.In the 2000...
- 1995 - Vice Prime MinisterPrime ministerA prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
- Ljerka Mintas-Hodak - 1995 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of ZagrebZagrebZagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
- Marina Matulović-DropulićMarina Matulovic-DropulicMarina Matulović-Dropulić is a Croatian politician, member of the Croatian Democratic Union.Matulović-Dropulić served as the mayor of Zagreb in two mandates - first an appointment for a couple of months in 1996 during the Zagreb Crisis, and again after the 1997 elections, until 2000.In the 2000...
- 1996 - Minister for European Integration - Ljerka Mintas-Hodak - 1998
- Minister for Science - Milena Žic-FuchsMilena Žic-FuchsMilena Žic-Fuchs is a Croatian linguist and full member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. She formerly served as the Croatian Minister of Science and Technology in the cabinet of Zlatko Mateša from February 1999 to January 2000....
- 1999 - Minister for Health - Ana Stavljenić-Rukavina - 2000
- Minister for TourismMinistry of Tourism (Croatia)The Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Croatia is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of the development of tourism.-List of ministers:-External links:*...
- Pave Župan-Rusković - 2000 - Minister for JusticeMinister for JusticeThe Scottish Cabinet Secretary for Justice, commonly referred to as the Justice Secretary, is a cabinet position in the Scottish Government...
- Ingrid Antičević-Marinović - 2001 - Minister for Defence - Željka AntunovićŽeljka AntunovicŽeljka Antunović is a Croatian centre-left politician and the deputy president of the Social Democratic Party , the largest opposition party in Croatia.Antunović was born in Virovitica, Croatia, then SFR Yugoslavia...
- 2002 - Minister without portfolioMinister without PortfolioA minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry...
- Gordana Sobol - 2002 - Minister for Foreign AffairsMinistry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia)The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Croatia is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of foreign relations and admission into the European Union.-Foreign affairs ministers:...
- Kolinda Grabar-KitarovićKolinda Grabar-KitarovicKolinda Grabar-Kitarović is a Croatian diplomat. She currently serves as the Assistant Secretary General for Public Diplomacy at NATO. She is the first woman ever to be appointed the position of Assistant Secretary General at NATO. From 2008 to 2011, she was the Ambassador Extraordinary and...
- 2005 - PresidentPresidentA president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of Constitutional court - Jasna Omejec - 2008 - Prime Minister - Jadranka KosorJadranka KosorJadranka Kosor is a Croatian politician and former journalist. She is the current Prime Minister of Croatia, having taken office on July 6, 2009, following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. She is Croatia's first female Prime Minister since independence.-Early life:Jadranka...
- 2009 - Minister for Finance - Martina DalićMartina DalićMartina Dalić is a Croatian economist and finance official currently serving as Croatia's Minister of Finance having been appointed to the office on 29 December 2010...
- 2010
CyprusCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Plaisance of AntiochPlaisance of AntiochQueen Plaisance of Cyprus, born Plaisance of Antioch or Plaisance de Poitiers was a daughter of Bohemund V of Antioch and his second wife, the Italian noblewoman Lucienne dei Conti di Segni, kinswoman of Pope Innocent III...
- 1253 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Charlotte of CyprusCharlotte of CyprusCharlotte , was Queen of Cyprus and Princess of Antioch, as well as titular Queen of Jerusalem and Armenia.She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne upon the death of her father in 1458...
- 1458 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of NicosiaNicosiaNicosia from , known locally as Lefkosia , is the capital and largest city in Cyprus, as well as its main business center. Nicosia is the only divided capital in the world, with the southern and the northern portions divided by a Green Line...
- Eleni MavrouEleni MavrouEleni Mavrou is the mayor of Nicosia, Cyprus. She was elected in December 2006 becoming the first female mayor of Cyprus's capital. Born in Kyrenia in 1961, her family was forced to leave their house in 1974 due to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus and since then has been residing in Nicosia.-...
- 2006 - Foreign Minister - Erato Kozakou-MarcoullisErato Kozakou-MarcoullisErato Kozakou-Marcoullis is a Cypriot politician who is currently the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus. She had also served in this post from July 2007 until March 2008. She is married with George Marcoullis and has a son.-References:...
- 2007
CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Maria Theresia of Austria - 1740 - Members of the first Czechoslovak Parliament: Revolutionary National Assembly (unicameral) - Bozena Ecksteinova, Anna Chlebounova, Irena Kanova, Frantiska Kolarikova, Luisa Landova-Stychova, Alice MasarykovaAlice MasarykováAlice Masaryková, or Alice Garrigue Masaryk , was one of the founding members of the Czechoslovak Red Cross and was a Czech sociologist. She was born in Vienna, the first child of the future founder and first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomas Garrigue Masaryk and his American wife Charlotte. The...
(daughter of President Tomas G. Masaryk), Eliska Purkynova, Bozena Vikova-Kuneticka, Ludmila Zatloukalova-Coufalova, Frantiska Zeminova - 1918 - Deputy Speaker of the National AssemblyNational AssemblyNational Assembly is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. The best known National Assembly, and the first legislature to be known by this title, was that established during the French Revolution in 1789, known as the Assemblée nationale...
- Anezka Hodinova - Spurna - 1945 - Minister of Industry - Ludmila Jankovcova - 1947
- Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime MinisterA deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
- Ludmila Jankovcova - 1954 - Minister of Consumer Industry - Bozena Machacova-Dostalova - 1954
- Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly - Sona Pennigerova - 1969
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of People of the Federal Assembly - Eva Zeleznikova - 1986
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Nations of the Federal Assembly - Blanka Hykova - 1989
- Minister of State Audit - Kvetoslava Korinkova - 1989
Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
- For pre-1993, see CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
- Deputy Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court - Ivana Janů - 1993
- Supreme Attorney General - Bohumíra Kopečná - 1994
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies - Petra BuzkováPetra BuzkováPetra Buzková was a former Minister of Education, Youth and Sports in the Czech cabinet. She belongs to the Czech Social Democratic Party. In 1992-2006 she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies....
- 1996 - Vice-President of the Senate - Jaroslava MoserováJaroslava MoserováJaroslava Moserová, MU Dr.Sc. was a Czech senator, ambassador, presidential candidate, doctor, and translator.-Biography:...
- 1996 - Minister of Justice - Vlasta ParkanováVlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the nation's Minister of Defence. In 1997–1998 she served as the Minister of Justice....
- 1997 - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court - Eliška Wagnerová - 1998
- Minister of Health - Zuzana RoithováZuzana RoithováZuzana Roithová is a Czech politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party, part of the European People's Party and is vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.She is a...
- 1998 - President of the SenatePresident of the SenateThe President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate, and is the speaker of other assemblies.The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for example, the President of the Senate of Nigeria is second in line...
- Libuše Benešová - 1998 - Supreme Attorney General - Marie Benešová - 1999
- Chairwoman of the Czech Statistical Office - Marie Bohatá - 1999
- Member of the Czech National Bank Board - Michaela Erbenová - 2000
- Deputy Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court - Eliška Wagnerová - 2002
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies - Jitka Kupčová - 2002
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies - Hana Marvanová - 2002
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies - Miroslava NěmcováMiroslava NěmcováMiroslava Němcová is the current Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. She was elected to this office on 24 June 2010. She has been the Member of the Chamber of Deputies since 1998, as a member of the ODS. She is married and has a son.- External links :* *...
- 2002 - Minister of Education, Youth and Sport - Petra BuzkováPetra BuzkováPetra Buzková was a former Minister of Education, Youth and Sports in the Czech cabinet. She belongs to the Czech Social Democratic Party. In 1992-2006 she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies....
- 2002 - Minister of Information Technologies - Dana Bérová - 2005
- Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies - Lucie TalmanováLucie TalmanováLucie Talmanová is a Czech politician.She graduated from the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague . From 1990 till 1994, she worked as a radiology lab specialist. In 1994–1998, she served as vicemayor of Prague 1...
- 2006 - Minister of Agriculture - Milena Vicenová - 2006
- Minister of CultureMinister of cultureA culture minister is a Cabinet position in some governments responsible for protecting the national heritage of a country and promoting cultural expression....
- Helena Třeštíková - 2007 - Minister of Defense - Vlasta ParkanováVlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the nation's Minister of Defence. In 1997–1998 she served as the Minister of Justice....
- 2007 - Minister without PortfolioMinister without PortfolioA minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry...
- Džamila StehlíkováDžamila StehlíkováDžamila Stehlíková , née Almaskyzy is a Kazakh-born Czech politician and a doctor. She is an active member of the Strana zelených and from 2007 to 2009, Stehlíková was the Minister for Human Rights and Minorities.Stehlíková is a naturalized Czech citizen by marriage...
- 2007 - Vice-President of the Senate - Alena Gajdůšková - 2008
- Governor of Plzeňský region - Milada EmmerováMilada EmmerováMilada Emmerová is a Czech doctor, politician and former Minister of Health for the Czech Republic. She is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party .-Personal life:...
- 2008 - Governor of Ústecký region - Jana Vaňhová - 2008
- Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime MinisterA deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
- Vlasta ParkanováVlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the nation's Minister of Defence. In 1997–1998 she served as the Minister of Justice....
- 2009 - Minister of Environment - Rut BízkováRut BízkováRut Bízková was the Minister of Environment of the Czech Republic. She was appointed on 16 April 2010, succeeding Jakub Šebesta, who had in turn briefly succeeded Jan Dusík after the latter's resignation in March 2010.-Career:...
- 2010 - Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies - Miroslava NěmcováMiroslava NěmcováMiroslava Němcová is the current Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. She was elected to this office on 24 June 2010. She has been the Member of the Chamber of Deputies since 1998, as a member of the ODS. She is married and has a son.- External links :* *...
- 2010 - Chairwoman of the Czech Statistical Office - Iva Ritschelová - 2010
DenmarkDenmarkDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Margaret SambiriaMargaret SambiriaMargaret Sambiria, in Danish: Margrethe Sambiria or Sambirsdatter, was the Queen consort of Christopher I of Denmark, and acted as regent for Eric V of Denmark...
- 1259 - Monarch - Margaret IMargaret I of DenmarkMargaret I was Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Although she acted as queen regnant, the laws of contemporary Danish succession denied her formal queenship. Her title in Denmark was derived from her...
- 1387 - Danish Minister for Education - Nina BangNina BangNina Henriette Wendeline Bang née Ellinger was a Danish social democratic politician and historian...
- 1924 - Danish Minister without portfolio - Fanny Jensen - 1947
- Danish Minister for Justice - Helga PedersenHelga Pedersen (Denmark)Inger Helga Pedersen was a Danish Chief Justice and politician. She served as Justice Minister of Denmark from 1950 to 1953 and was a member of the liberal party, Venstre....
- 1950 - Danish Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs - Bodil KochBodil KochBodil Koch was the wife of a prominent professor, a Social Democrat, and a minister. She was married to professor Hal Koch, an advocate of democracy as a continuing deliberation instead of the majority's rights over the minorities...
- 1950 - Speaker of the LandstingLandsting (Denmark)The Landsting was a house of the Rigsdag in Denmark from 1849 until 1953, when the bicameral system was abolished. The house had powers equal to the Folketing, which made the two houses of parliament hard to distinguish....
, Chamber of Parliament - Ingeborg Hansen - 1950 - Danish Minister for Trade - Lis Groes - 1953
- Danish Minister for Economy - Marianne JelvedMarianne JelvedMarianne Bruus Jelved née Hirsbro is a Danish politician, and is educated as a teacher and in the theory of education...
- 1993 - Danish Minister for Agriculture and Food - Mariann Fischer BoelMariann Fischer BoelMariann Fischer Boel is a Danish politician, serving as European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development from 2004 to 2009...
- 2002 - Lord Mayor of Copenhagen - Ritt BjerregaardRitt BjerregaardRitt Bjerregaard is a former Danish politician. She is a member of the Danish Social Democrats, and was Lord Mayor of Copenhagen from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009...
- 2006 - Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs - Lene EspersenLene EspersenLene Espersen is a Danish politician and member of parliament who has been Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs since 23 February 2010 and was leader of the Conservative People's Party and Deputy Prime Minister from 9 September 2008 to 13 January 2011...
- 2010 - Danish Prime MinisterPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
- Helle Thorning-SchmidtHelle Thorning-SchmidtHelle Thorning-Schmidt is a Danish politician and the current Prime Minister of Denmark. She has been leader of the Danish Social Democrats since April 2005 and prime minister since October 2011....
- 2011
Faroe IslandsFaroe IslandsThe Faroe Islands are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Scotland and Iceland. The Faroe Islands are a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark proper and Greenland...
- Prime MinisterPrime Minister of the Faroe IslandsThis is a list of Prime Ministers of the Faroe Islands.The Faroese term for the function, Løgmaður literally means "Lawman".-First Ministers :-First Ministers :-See also:...
- Marita PetersenMarita PetersenMarita Petersen was the first and to date only female Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands. She was elected to the Løgting in 1988....
- 1993
- Speaker of the LøgtingLøgtingLøgting is the unicameral parliament of the Faroe Islands, a self-ruling dependency of Denmark.The name literally means "Law Thing" - that is, a law assembly - and derives from Old Norse lǫgþing, which was a name given to ancient assemblies. A ting or Þing has existed on the Faroe Islands for over...
- Marita PetersenMarita PetersenMarita Petersen was the first and to date only female Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands. She was elected to the Løgting in 1988....
- 1994
- High CommissionerHigh CommissionerHigh Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.-Bilateral diplomacy:...
- Vibeke Larsen -1995
GreenlandGreenlandGreenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for...
- Foreign minister - Aleqa Hammond - 2007
- Chairperson of LandstingParliament of GreenlandThe Parliament of Greenland is the legislature in the government of Greenland, an autonomous province of Denmark. The government of Greenland is also called Home Rule of Greenland. 16 seats are needed for a majority....
- Ruth Heilmann - 2008
EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Margaret SambiriaMargaret SambiriaMargaret Sambiria, in Danish: Margrethe Sambiria or Sambirsdatter, was the Queen consort of Christopher I of Denmark, and acted as regent for Eric V of Denmark...
- 1259 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Christina of SwedenChristina of SwedenChristina , later adopted the name Christina Alexandra, was Queen regnant of Swedes, Goths and Vandals, Grand Princess of Finland, and Duchess of Ingria, Estonia, Livonia and Karelia, from 1633 to 1654. She was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora...
- 1632 - Member of the Provincial AssemblyMaapäevThe Estonian Provincial Assembly was elected after the February Revolution in 1917 as the national diet of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia in Russian Empire....
- Anna Leetsmann - 1917 - Members of the Constituent AssemblyEstonian Constituent AssemblyThe Estonian Constituent Assembly was elected on 5-7 April 1919, called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence. The Assembly was elected by proportional representation. Eligible voters included soldiers at the front...
- Emma Asson-Petersen, Marie Helene Aul, Minni Kurs-Olesk, Alma Ostra-Oinas, Johanna Päts, Helmi Press-Jansen and Marie Reisik - 1919 - Members of State Assembly - Emma Asson-Petersen and Alma Ostra-Oinas - 1920
- Members of the National Constituent Assembly - Linda Marie Eenpalu and Alma Jeets - 1937
- Member of National CouncilEstonian National CouncilThe Estonian National Council in Sweden was established in 1947 and was one of the oldest and largest Estonian central organisations in Sweden. The Estonian National Council was a broad coalition of Estonian political parties in exile, which maintained close contacts with Swedish democratic...
(Second ChamberUpper houseAn upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
) - Linda Marie Eenpalu - 1938 - Minister without portfolioMinister without PortfolioA minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry...
(in ExileEstonian Government in ExileThe Estonian Government in Exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1953 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1992...
) - Renate Kaasik - 1971 - Party leaderParty leaderIn politics, the party leader is the most powerful official within a political party.The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, he or she will take a leading role in developing and communicating party policy, especially election...
- Lagle ParekLagle ParekLagle Parek is an Estonian stateswoman. She served as the Estonian Minister of Internal Affairs in the first post-Soviet occupation government, led by the prime minister Mart Laar.-Pullapää crisis:...
of the National Independence PartyEesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse ParteiThe Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei , commonly abbreviated ERSP, was a nationalist political party founded in 1988 in what was then the Estonian SSR. It was arguably one of the first non-communist political parties in the Soviet Union...
- 1988 - Secretary of State (in ExileEstonian Government in ExileThe Estonian Government in Exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1953 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1992...
) - Katrin Nyman-Metcalf - 1990 - Minister of Social WelfareEstonian Minister of Social AffairsMinister of Social Affairs of Estonia , is a cabinet-level member of the Government of Estonia responsible for the Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs.-Former ministers:The position first appeared in the government of Mart Laar established in 1992....
- Siiri OviirSiiri OviirSiiri Oviir is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Estonian Centre Party, part of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.-External links:*...
- 1990 - Minister of JusticeEstonian Minister of JusticeThe Estonian Ministry of Justice is Ministry of Justice in Estonia., the current Minister of Justice is Kristen Michal.- Estonian Ministers of Justice :...
(in ExileEstonian Government in ExileThe Estonian Government in Exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1953 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1992...
) - Aino Lepik von Wirén - 1990 - Minister of Internal AffairsEstonian Minister of Internal AffairsThe Minister of Internal Affairs is the senior minister at the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Estonian Government.-Ministers of Internal Affairs:List of ministes of Internal Affairs since 1990....
- Lagle ParekLagle ParekLagle Parek is an Estonian stateswoman. She served as the Estonian Minister of Internal Affairs in the first post-Soviet occupation government, led by the prime minister Mart Laar.-Pullapää crisis:...
- 1992 - Minister of Social AffairsEstonian Minister of Social AffairsMinister of Social Affairs of Estonia , is a cabinet-level member of the Government of Estonia responsible for the Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs.-Former ministers:The position first appeared in the government of Mart Laar established in 1992....
- Marju LauristinMarju LauristinMarju Lauristin is an Estonian politician and social scientist. She is the daughter of Johannes Lauristin and Olga Lauristin. Her father signed away Estonia's freedom to the Soviet Union in 1940. Together with Edgar Savisaar, in 1988 Lauristin established Rahvarinne, the first large-scale...
- 1992 - Supreme Court JusticesSupreme Court of EstoniaThe Supreme Court of Estonia is the court of last resort in Estonia. It is both a court of cassation and a constitutional court. The courthouse is in Tartu.Chief justices=* Kaarel Parts * Rait Maruste...
- Lea Kivi and Triinu Vernik - 1993 - Minister of Reforms - Liia Hänni - 1994
- Chancellor - Ruth Martin - 1994
- Minister of Economic Affairs - Liina Tõnisson - 1995
- Mayor of TallinnTallinnTallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list...
- Ivi EenmaaIvi EenmaaIvi Eenmaa is an Estonian politician.She was the head of the Estonian National Library from 1993 to 1997. After this, she entered politics, becoming a member of the now defunct Estonian Coalition Party. From 1997 to 1999, she was the mayor of Tallinn...
- 1995 - Minister of Culture - Signe Kivi - 1999
- Permanent Representative to the United Nations - Merle Pajula - 2000
- Minister of Foreign AffairsEstonian Minister of Foreign AffairsThe Minister of Foreign Affairs is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Estonian Government. The Minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for the relations between Estonia and foreign states.The Foreign Minister is...
- Kristiina OjulandKristiina OjulandKristiina Ojuland was the foreign minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005. In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe, but was defeated, receiving 51 of 299 votes...
- 2002 - Minister of EducationEstonian Minister of Education and ResearchThe Minister of Education and Research is the senior minister at the Ministry of Education and Research in the Estonian Government...
- Mailis RandMailis RepsMailis Reps is an Estonian politician and a former Estonian Minister of Education and Research. She is a member of the Estonian Centre Party.-Biography:...
- 2002 - County GovernorCounties of EstoniaA county is an administrative subdivision of Estonia.Estonia is divided into 15 counties. The government of each county is led by a county governor , who represents the national government at the regional level...
- Eha Pärn - 2003 - President of the RiigikoguRiigikoguThe Riigikogu is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. All important state-related questions pass through the Riigikogu...
- Ene ErgmaEne ErgmaEne Ergma is an Estonian politician, a member of the Riigikogu , and scientist. She is a member of the political party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...
- 2003 - Mayor of TartuTartuTartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the...
- Laine JänesLaine JänesLaine Randjärv is an Estonian politician from the Reform Party. She was the Mayor of Tartu from 23 September 2004 to 2007, and previously she was Deputy Mayor from 2002 to 2004. 2007–2011 she served as the Minister of Culture in Andrus Ansip's second government...
- 2003 - Minister of Agriculture - Ester Tuiksoo - 2004
- Members of the European ParliamentMember of the European ParliamentA Member of the European Parliament is a person who has been elected to the European Parliament. The name of MEPs differ in different languages, with terms such as europarliamentarian or eurodeputy being common in Romance language-speaking areas.When the European Parliament was first established,...
- Marianne MikkoMarianne MikkoMarianne Mikko is an Estonian politician and former Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists....
and Siiri OviirSiiri OviirSiiri Oviir is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Estonian Centre Party, part of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.-External links:*...
- 2004 - Minister of Population Affairs - Urve PaloUrve PaloUrve Palo is an Estonian politician, a member of the Social Democratic PartyFrom April 2007 until May 2009 she served as Estonian Minister of Population and Ethnic Affairs.-References:...
- 2007
FinlandFinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Ingeborg of NorwayIngeborg of NorwayIngeborg of Norway , was a Norwegian and by marriage Swedish princess and royal duchess with a position in the regency governments in Norway and Sweden...
- 1319 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Margaret IMargaret I of DenmarkMargaret I was Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Although she acted as queen regnant, the laws of contemporary Danish succession denied her formal queenship. Her title in Denmark was derived from her...
- 1389 - Governor of Turku - Ebba StenbockEbba StenbockEbba Gustavsdotter Stenbock was a Swedish noble. She was the acting governor in Turku in 1597, in the period between the death of the former governor, her spouse, and before the installement of the successor. She was imprisoned for political reasons...
(acting interim governor) - 1597 - Member of Parliament - Miina SillanpääMiina SillanpääMiina Sillanpää was Finland's first female minister and a key figure in the workers' movement....
- 1907 - MinisterMinister (government)A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....
and Social Minister - Miina SillanpääMiina SillanpääMiina Sillanpää was Finland's first female minister and a key figure in the workers' movement....
- 1926 - Defence ministerDefence ministerA defence minister is a person in a cabinet position in charge of a Ministry of Defence, which regulates the armed forces in some sovereign nations...
- Elisabeth RehnElisabeth RehnMärta Elisabeth Rehn is a former MP of the Swedish People's Party and the first female Minister of Defence in Finland. In the 1994 presidential elections she was narrowly defeated by Martti Ahtisaari.Elisabeth Rehn spent her childhood in Mäntsälä, where her father worked as a community medical...
- 1990 - Foreign minister - Tarja HalonenTarja HalonenTarja Kaarina Halonen is the incumbent President of Finland. The first female to hold the office, Halonen had previously been a member of the parliament from 1979 to 2000 when she resigned after her election to the presidency...
- 1995 - PresidentPresident of FinlandThe President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
- Tarja HalonenTarja HalonenTarja Kaarina Halonen is the incumbent President of Finland. The first female to hold the office, Halonen had previously been a member of the parliament from 1979 to 2000 when she resigned after her election to the presidency...
- 2000 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of FinlandThe Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
- Anneli JäätteenmäkiAnneli JäätteenmäkiAnneli Tuulikki Jäätteenmäki, Master of Laws was the first female Prime Minister of Finland, in office from 17 April 2003 to 24 June 2003....
- 2003
Åland
- LantrådLantrådLantråd is the title of the Head of Government of the Åland Islands, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish-speaking territory of Finland.The current Lantråd is mrs...
(PremierPremierPremier is a title for the head of government in some countries and states.-Examples by country:In many nations, "premier" is used interchangeably with "prime minister"...
) - Viveka ErikssonViveka ErikssonViveka Eriksson or Viveca Eriksson is a politician on the autonomous Åland Islands and the current Premier of the Government of Åland...
- 2007
FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Anne of KievAnne of KievAnne of Kiev was the queen consort of France as the wife of Henry I, and regent for her son Philip I.Her parents were Yaroslav I the Wise and princess Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden....
- 1060- Undersecretary of State for national education - Cécile BrunschvicgCécile BrunschvicgCécile Brunschvicg , born Cécile Kahn , was a French feminist politician....
- 1936 - Undersecretary of state for Public Health - Suzanne LacoreSuzanne LacoreSuzanne Lacore was a French politician representing the SFIO Party.In early life she was a teacher and then head teacher of a primary school in the Dordogne. She became a militant socialist in 1906 and was the only woman in her area to be a member of a political party...
- 1936 - Undersecretary of state for Science - Irène Joliot-CurieIrène Joliot-CurieIrène Joliot-Curie was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. This made the Curies...
- 1936
- Undersecretary of State for national education - Cécile Brunschvicg
- Prime MinisterPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
- Édith CressonÉdith CressonÉdith Cresson is a French politician. She was the first and so far only woman to have held the office of Prime Minister of France.- French Prime Minister :Cresson was appointed to the prime ministerial post by President François Mitterrand on 15 May 1991...
- 1991- Minister of HealthMinister of Health (France)Minister of Health and Solidarity is currently a cabinet position in the Government of France. The health portfolio oversees the healthcare public services and the health insurance part of the French Social Security...
- Simone VeilSimone VeilSimone Veil, DBE is a French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France....
- 1974 - Minister of LabourMinister of Social Affairs (France)The Minister of Social Affairs and Employment The Minister of Social Affairs and Employment The Minister of Social Affairs and Employment (French: Ministre des Affaires sociales et de l'emploi is a cabinet member in the Government of France. The position was originally known as Minister of Labor...
- Martine AubryMartine AubryMartine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...
- 1997 - Minister of JusticeMinister of Justice (France)The Ministry of Justice is controlled by the French Minister of Justice , a top-level cabinet position in the French government. The current Minister of Justice is Michel Mercier...
- Élisabeth GuigouÉlisabeth GuigouÉlisabeth Guigou is a French Socialist politician.-Biography:After attending ENA, France's elite graduate school of public affairs, she worked on Jacques Delors' staff in 1982 before being hired by Hubert Védrine in François Mitterrand's...
- 1997 - Minister of DefenceMinister of Defence (France)The Minister of Defense and Veterans Affairs is the French government cabinet member charged with running the military of France....
- Michèle Alliot-MarieMichèle Alliot-MarieMichèle Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie, born 10 September 1946 and nicknamed MAM, is a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement . A member of all but one right-wing governments of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, she was the first woman in France to hold the portfolios of Defense , the...
- 2002 - Minister of the InteriorMinister of the Interior (France)The Minister of the Interior in France is one of the most important governmental cabinet positions, responsible for the following:* The general interior security of the country, with respect to criminal acts or natural catastrophes...
- Michèle Alliot-MarieMichèle Alliot-MarieMichèle Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie, born 10 September 1946 and nicknamed MAM, is a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement . A member of all but one right-wing governments of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, she was the first woman in France to hold the portfolios of Defense , the...
- 2007 - Minister of Finance - Christine LagardeChristine LagardeChristine Madeleine Odette Lagarde is a French lawyer and the managing director of the International Monetary Fund since July 5, 2011...
- 2007 - Minister of Foreign Affairs - Michèle Alliot-MarieMichèle Alliot-MarieMichèle Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie, born 10 September 1946 and nicknamed MAM, is a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement . A member of all but one right-wing governments of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, she was the first woman in France to hold the portfolios of Defense , the...
- 2010
- Minister of Health
- Mayor of StrasbourgStrasbourgStrasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
- Catherine TrautmannCatherine TrautmannCatherine Trautmann is a former Minister of Culture of France and now Member of the European Parliament for the East of France.She was elected as mayor of Strasbourg in 1989, re-elected in 1995, then defeated in 2001....
- 1989 - Mayor of LilleLilleLille is a city in northern France . It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium...
- Martine AubryMartine AubryMartine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...
- 2001 - Mayor of MontpellierMontpellier-Neighbourhoods:Since 2001, Montpellier has been divided into seven official neighbourhoods, themselves divided into sub-neighbourhoods. Each of them possesses a neighbourhood council....
- Hélène Mandroux - 2004 - PrefectPrefectPrefect is a magisterial title of varying definition....
- Yvette Chassagne (Loir-et-CherLoir-et-CherLoir-et-Cher is a département in north-central France named after the rivers Loir and Cher.-History:Loir-et-Cher is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Orléanais and...
) - 1981
GeorgiaGeorgia (country)Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Mariam of VaspurakanMariam of VaspurakanMariam was the daughter of John-Senekerim II Artsruni, an Armenian king of Vaspurakan, and the first consort of the king George I of Georgia. As a Dowager Queen of Georgia, she was a regent for her underage son, Bagrat IV, from 1027 to 1037, and was involved in diplomacy with the Byzantine...
- 1027 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- TamarTamar of GeorgiaTamar , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. Tamar presided over the "Golden age" of the medieval Georgian monarchy...
- 1178 - - Speaker of the Georgian Parliament - Nino BurjanadzeNino BurjanadzeNino Burjanadze is a Georgian politician and lawyer who served as Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia from November 2001 to June 2008...
- 2003 - 2004 and 2007 - PresidentPresident of GeorgiaThe President of Georgia is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Government of Georgia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government...
(acting) - Nino BurjanadzeNino BurjanadzeNino Burjanadze is a Georgian politician and lawyer who served as Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia from November 2001 to June 2008...
- 2003 - Minister for Foreign Affairs - Salomé Zurabishvili - 2004
- Minister of Economic Development - Ekaterine Sharashidze - 2008
GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Adelaide of ItalyAdelaide of ItalySaint Adelaide of Italy , also called Adelaide of Burgundy, was the second wife of Otto the Great, Holy Roman Emperor...
and TheophanuTheophanuTheophanu , also spelled Theophania, Theophana or Theophano, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor.-Family:...
(co-regents) - 983 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
- Louise SchroederLouise SchroederLouise Dorothea Schroeder was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany party. She was the first female member of the Weimar National Assembly during the Weimar Republic...
- 1947 - Member of the Presidium of the Volkskammer - Friedel Malter - 1948
- Minister of Justice of GDR - Hilde BenjaminHilde BenjaminHilde Benjamin was an East German judge and Minister of Justice. She is best known for presiding over a series of political show trials in the 1950s....
- 1953 - Minister of HealthFederal Ministry of Health (Germany)The Federal Ministry of Health, is a ministry of the German federal government...
- Elisabeth SchwarzhauptElisabeth SchwarzhauptElisabeth Schwartzhaupt was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. She was Federal Minister of Health from 1961 to 1966, the first woman to hold a Ministerial position in Germany....
- 1961 - President of the BundestagPresident of the BundestagThe President of the Bundestag presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker in other countries. In the German order of precedence, his office is ranked second after the President and before the Chancellor...
- Annemarie RengerAnnemarie RengerAnnemarie Renger , , was a German politician for the “Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands” ....
- 1972 - Head of state of East GermanyLeaders of East GermanyThe political leadership of East Germany was in the hands of several offices.Prior the proclamation of an East German state, the Soviets established in 1948 the German Economic Commission as a de facto government in their occupation zone...
(acting) - Sabine Bergmann-PohlSabine Bergmann-PohlSabine Bergmann-Pohl née Schulz is a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany , she was president of the People's Chamber of the German Democratic Republic from April to October 1990 and as such the last head of state...
- 1990 - Minister of JusticeFederal Ministry of Justice (Germany)The Federal Ministry of Justice is a federal ministry in Germany.Under the federal system of Germany, individual states are most responsible for the administration of justice and the application of penalties. The Federal Ministry of Justice devotes itself to creating and changing law in the...
- Sabine Leutheusser-SchnarrenbergerSabine Leutheusser-SchnarrenbergerSabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger is a German politician of the pro-business Free Democratic Party. Within the FDP, she is a leading figure of the small social-liberal wing...
- 1992 - Minister-PresidentMinister-PresidentA minister-president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments, in which a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government prevails, who presides over the council of ministers...
of any German stateStates of GermanyGermany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
- Heide SimonisHeide SimonisHeide Simonis is a German politician. She is a member of the SPD.She was Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein from 1993 to 2005, the first woman to hold this position in any German state in Germany's history.-Life:...
(of Schleswig-HolsteinSchleswig-HolsteinSchleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig...
) - 1993 - President of the Federal Constitutional CourtFederal Constitutional Court of GermanyThe Federal Constitutional Court is a special court established by the Grundgesetz, the German basic law...
- Jutta LimbachJutta LimbachJutta Limbach is a German jurist and politician. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . She received her doctorate in law in 1966 by the Free University of Berlin and fulfilled the requirements to be appointed professor by the German educational system in 1971...
- 1994 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of FrankfurtFrankfurtFrankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
- Petra RothPetra RothPetra Roth is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union . Since 1995 she is mayor of Frankfurt. In addition and in a rerun she is president of Deutscher Städtetag since 2009 which is the head organisation and lobby group of all German cities obverse the Cabinet of Germany, the German...
- 1995 - Chancellor - Angela MerkelAngela MerkelAngela Dorothea Merkel is the current Chancellor of Germany . Merkel, elected to the Bundestag from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, has been the chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union since 2000, and chairwoman of the CDU-CSU parliamentary coalition from 2002 to 2005.From 2005 to 2009 she led a...
- 2005 - Chief Federal Proescutor for the Federal Court of JusticeFederal Court of Justice of GermanyThe Federal Court of Justice of Germany in Karlsruhe is the highest court in the system of ordinary jurisdiction in Germany. It is the supreme court in all matters of criminal and private law...
- Monika HarmsMonika HarmsMonika Harms is a German lawyer. She has served as Attorney General of Germany from 2006-2011.-Life:Professor Harms was born in Berlin on September 29, 1946...
- 2006
GreeceGreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
- Regent - Queen Olga - 1920
- Member of ParliamentHellenic ParliamentThe Hellenic Parliament , also the Parliament of the Hellenes, is the Parliament of Greece, located in the Parliament House , overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens, Greece....
- Eleni Skouras - 1953 - Government minister and Minister for Social Welfare - Lina TsaldariLina TsaldariLina Tsaldari was a right-wing Greek politician. She became the first female minister in Greece in 1952, serving as the Minister for Social Welfare under Konstantinos Karamanlis' government.-Early Life:...
- 1956 - Minister for CultureMinister for Culture (Greece)The Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a government department of Greece entrusted with the preservation of the country's cultural heritage, the arts, as well as sports, through the subordinate General Secretariat for Sport...
- Melina MercouriMelina MercouriMelina Mercouri , born as Maria Amalia Mercouri was a Greek actress, singer and politician.As an actress she made her film debut in Stella and met international success with her performances in Never on Sunday, Phaedra, Topkapi and Promise at Dawn...
- 1981 - Minister of Education and Religious Affairs - Marietta Giannakou-KoutsikouMarietta GiannakouMarietta Giannakou is a Greek politician, member of New Democracy. She is the former Minister for National Education and Religious Affairs of Greece....
- 1993 - Minister for Environment - Vassiliki "Vaso" Papandreou - 1999
- Mayor of Athens, the nation's capital - Dora BakoyannisDora BakoyannisDora Bakoyannis , born Theodora Mitsotaki , is a Greek politician. From 2006 to 2009 she was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, the highest position ever held by a woman in the Cabinet of Greece; she was also Chairperson-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in...
- 2003 - President of Parliament - Anna Psarouda-Benaki - 2004
- Minister for Foreign AffairsMinister for Foreign Affairs (Greece)The Minister for Foreign Affairs is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, established on 3 April 1833. The current Minister for Foreign Affairs, since 11 November 2011 is the former European Commissioner Stavros Dimas...
- Dora BakoyannisDora BakoyannisDora Bakoyannis , born Theodora Mitsotaki , is a Greek politician. From 2006 to 2009 she was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, the highest position ever held by a woman in the Cabinet of Greece; she was also Chairperson-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in...
- 2006 - Minister for TourismMinister for Tourism (Greece)The Minister for Touristic Development was a Greek government department in charge of Greek tourism. It was a re-establishment, in 2004, of the former Ministry for Tourism, which had been subsumed in the Ministry for Development in 1996...
- Fani Palli-PetraliaFani Palli-PetraliaFani Palli-Petralia is a Greek lawyer, New Democracy politician anda former Minister for Employment and Social Protection...
- 2006
HungaryHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Mary of HungaryMary of HungaryMary of Anjou was queen regnant of Hungary from 1382 until her death in 1395.-Childhood:...
- 1382 - Member of ParliamentNational Assembly of HungaryThe National Assembly or Diet is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 386 members elected to 4-year terms. Election of members is based on a complex system involving both area and list election; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to enter list members...
- Margit SlachtaMargit SlachtaMargit Slachta was a Hungarian social activist. In 1920 she was the first woman to be elected to the Hungarian diet, and in 1923 she founded the Sisters of Social Service, a Roman Catholic order of women..-Biography:...
- 1920 - Speaker of the National Assembly - Erzsébet Metzker VassErzsébet Metzker VassErzsébet Vass was a Hungarian politician, who served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary between 1963 and 1967. She was the first woman who held this position in Hungary.-References:*...
- 1963 - Minister of Health - Dr. Judit Csehák - 1986
- Minister for JusticeMinister for JusticeThe Scottish Cabinet Secretary for Justice, commonly referred to as the Justice Secretary, is a cabinet position in the Scottish Government...
- Ibolya DávidIbolya DávidIbolya Dávid born Baja, Hungary ,1954 is a Hungarian lawyer, politician, she was the president of the Hungarian Democratic Forum between 1999-2010. Dávid was the Hungarian Minister of Justice between 1998-2002. She was the only female Minister in the government of Viktor Orbán. Dávid is a member...
- 1998 - Minister for Interior - Mónika LamperthMónika LamperthMónika Lamperth is a Hungarian politician and jurist, who served as Interior Minister between 2002 and 2006, after that she became Minister of Local Government until 2007, while Ferenc Gyurcsány appointed her as Minister of Social Affairs and Labour.-References:* * * *...
- 2002 - Minister for Equality - Katalin LévaiKatalin LévaiKatalin Lévai is a Hungarian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Hungarian Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists....
- 2004 - Foreign MinisterMinister of Foreign Affairs (Hungary)The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hungary is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The current foreign minister is János Martonyi....
- Kinga GönczKinga GönczKinga Göncz is a former foreign minister of Hungary. She is the daughter of Árpád Göncz, former President of Hungary. She is fluent in English and German, is married being the mother of two adult children and the grandmother of two young boys...
- 2006
IcelandIcelandIceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
- Member of ParliamentAlthingThe Alþingi, anglicised variously as Althing or Althingi, is the national parliament of Iceland. The Althingi is the oldest parliamentary institution in the world still extant...
- Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason - 1922 - Speaker of the Lower House of the Althing - Ragnhildur Hélgadottir - 1974
- PresidentPresident of IcelandThe President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
- Vigdís FinnbogadóttirVigdís FinnbogadóttirVigdís Finnbogadóttir is an Icelandic politician who served as the fourth President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996. In addition to being both Iceland's and Europe's first female president, she was the world's first democratically elected female head of state...
- 1980 (first female President in the worldWorldWorld is a common name for the whole of human civilization, specifically human experience, history, or the human condition in general, worldwide, i.e. anywhere on Earth....
) - Speaker of the United Althing - Salome Thorkelsdottir - 1981
- Social Affairs MinisterMinistry of Social Affairs and Social Security (Iceland)The Icelandic Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Security is a cabinet-level ministry within the government of Iceland. Since 10 May 2009, the minister has been Árni Páll Árnason of Social Democratic Alliance.-Former ministers:...
- Jóhanna SigurðardóttirJóhanna SigurðardóttirJóhanna Sigurðardóttir , , is the Prime Minister of Iceland. Many years a politician, she was previously Iceland's Minister of Social Affairs and Social Security from 1987–1994 and 2007–2009. She has been a member of the Althing for Reykjavík constituencies since 1978, winning re-election on eight...
- 1987 - Speaker of the Althing - Salome Thorkelsdottir - 1991
- Foreign minister - Valgerður SverrisdóttirValgerður SverrisdóttirValgerður Sverrisdóttir is an Icelandic politician. She has been member of the Althing for the Progressive Party for the Northeast constituency since 1987 and was Chairman of the Progressive Party parliamentary group from 1995 to 1999, Minister of Industry and Commerce from 1999 to 2006, and...
- 2006 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of IcelandThe Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support....
- Jóhanna SigurðardóttirJóhanna SigurðardóttirJóhanna Sigurðardóttir , , is the Prime Minister of Iceland. Many years a politician, she was previously Iceland's Minister of Social Affairs and Social Security from 1987–1994 and 2007–2009. She has been a member of the Althing for Reykjavík constituencies since 1978, winning re-election on eight...
- 2009
IrelandIrelandIreland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
- High Queen of Ireland - Macha Mong Ruad - LGELebor Gabála ÉrennLebor Gabála Érenn is the Middle Irish title of a loose collection of poems and prose narratives recounting the mythical origins and history of the Irish from the creation of the world down to the Middle Ages...
4th/3rd century BC - FFE 468-461 BC - AFMAnnals of the Four MastersThe Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland or the Annals of the Four Masters are a chronicle of medieval Irish history...
661-654 BC - Teachta DálaTeachta DálaA Teachta Dála , usually abbreviated as TD in English, is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas . It is the equivalent of terms such as "Member of Parliament" or "deputy" used in other states. The official translation of the term is "Deputy to the Dáil", though a more literal...
(Member of Parliament) - Constance Markievicz - 1918 - Minister for LabourMinister for Labour (Ireland)The Minister for Labour was originally the name of a government department in the Government of the Irish Republic, the self-declared state which was established in 1919 by Dáil Éireann, the parliamentary assembly made up of the majority of Irish MPs elected in the 1918 general election. Constance...
- Constance Markievicz - 1919 - Senator - Eileen CostelloEileen CostelloEileen Costello was an Irish politician, author, teacher and folklorist. She was elected to the Irish Free State Seanad Éireann as an independent member in December 1922. She was one of four women elected or appointed to the first Seanad in 1922. She was re-elected for 3 years in 1931 but lost...
, Alice Stopford GreenAlice Stopford GreenAlice Stopford Green was an Irish historian and nationalist.She was born Alice Sophia Amelia Stopford in Kells, County Meath. Her father Edward Adderley Stopford was Rector of Kells and Archdeacon of Meath. Her paternal grandfather was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Meath...
, Ellen CuffeEllen Cuffe, Countess of DesartEllen Odette Cuffe, Countess of Desart, née Bischoffsheim was an Irish politician and company director. She married William Cuffe, the 4th Earl of Desart in 1881...
and Jennie Wyse PowerJennie Wyse PowerJennie Wyse Power was an Irish activist, feminist, politician and businesswoman. She was a founder member of Sinn Féin and also of Inghinidhe na hÉireann....
- 1922Members of the 1922 SeanadThis is a list of the members of the 1922 Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State. These Senators were elected or appointed in 1922, after the 1922 general election.-Composition of the 1922 Seanad:... - Lord Mayor of DublinLord Mayor of DublinThe Lord Mayor of Dublin is the honorific title of the Chairman of Dublin City Council which is the local government body for the city of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. The incumbent is Labour Party Councillor Andrew Montague. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the...
- Kathleen ClarkeKathleen ClarkeKathleen Clarke, née Daly was a member of Cumann na mBan, and one of very few privy to the plans of the Easter Rising in 1916. She was the wife of Tom Clarke and sister to Ned Daly, both of whom would be executed for their part in the Rebellion...
- 1939 - Lord Mayor of CorkLord Mayor of CorkThe Lord Mayor of Cork is the honorific title of the Chairman of Cork City Council which is the local government body for the city of Cork in Ireland. The incumbent is Terry Shannon of Fianna Fáil. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the Council.-History of office:In 1199 there...
- Jane DowdallJane DowdallJane Dowdall was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, nurse and company director. She was elected to Seanad Éireann on the Industrial and Commercial Panel at the 1951 Seanad election, and was re-elected in 1954 and 1957. She was defeated at the 1961 Seanad election...
- 1959 - Department of StateDepartment of State (Ireland)A Department of State of Ireland, is a department or ministry of the Government of Ireland. The head of such a department is a Minister of the Government , often called a 'cabinet minister' or 'government minister' which should not be confused with Minister of State which is a junior non-cabinet...
Secretary-General - Thekla BeereThekla BeereThekla Beere was an Irish civil servant who chaired the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women in 1970 and was secretary of Ireland Department of Transport & Power....
- 1959 - Council of StateCouncil of State (Ireland)The Council of State is a body established by the Constitution of Ireland to advise the President of Ireland in the exercise of many of his or her discretionary, reserve powers...
Member - Honor Crowley - 1964 - Minister of StateMinister of State (Ireland)A Minister of State in Ireland is of non-Cabinet rank, attached to one or more Departments of State of the Government of Ireland....
- Máire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-Quinn is an Irish politician, and is the current European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science. She previously served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for the Galway West constituency from 1975 to 1997...
- 1977 - Member of the European ParliamentMember of the European ParliamentA Member of the European Parliament is a person who has been elected to the European Parliament. The name of MEPs differ in different languages, with terms such as europarliamentarian or eurodeputy being common in Romance language-speaking areas.When the European Parliament was first established,...
- Eileen DesmondEileen DesmondEileen Desmond, née Harrington was a senior Irish Labour Party politician. She served in the Dáil and the Seanad and the European Parliament, and was Minister for Health & Social Welfare from 1981 to 1982....
and Síle de ValeraSíle de ValeraSíle de Valera , is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. She was first elected a Teachta Dála in 1977 serving as a member of Dáil Éireann until 1981, and then again from 1987 to 2007, as well as being a Member of the European Parliament for Dublin from 1979 to 1984...
- 1979 - Minister for the GaeltachtMinister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht AffairsThe Minister for Children and Youth Affairs is a senior minister at the Department of Children and Youth Affairs in the Government of Ireland.The current Minister for Children and Youth Affairs is Frances Fitzgerald, TD.-Overview:...
- Máire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-Quinn is an Irish politician, and is the current European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science. She previously served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for the Galway West constituency from 1975 to 1997...
- 1979 - Minister for HealthMinister for Health and Children (Ireland)The Minister for Health is the senior minister at the Department of Health in the Government of Ireland and is responsible for health care in the Republic of Ireland and related services.The current Minister for Health is James Reilly, TD...
and Social WelfareMinister for Social and Family Affairs (Ireland)The Minister for Social Protection is the senior minister at the Department of Social Protection in the Government of Ireland.The current Minister for Social Protection is Joan Burton, TD.-Overview:...
- Eileen DesmondEileen DesmondEileen Desmond, née Harrington was a senior Irish Labour Party politician. She served in the Dáil and the Seanad and the European Parliament, and was Minister for Health & Social Welfare from 1981 to 1982....
- 1981 - Minister for EducationMinister for Education and Science (Ireland)The Minister for Education and Skills is the senior minister at the Department of Education and Skills in the Government of Ireland.The current Minister for Education and Skills is Ruairi Quinn, TD...
- Gemma HusseyGemma HusseyGemma Hussey is a former Irish Fine Gael politician.Gemma Moran was born in Dublin in 1938 and educated at Loreto College, Foxrock and University College Dublin. Hussey had a successful career running a language school in the late 1960s and 70s...
- 1982 - PresidentPresident of IrelandThe President of Ireland is the head of state of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute...
- Mary RobinsonMary RobinsonMary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...
- 1990 - Minister for Tourism, Transport and CommunicationsMinister for Transport (Ireland)The Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport is the senior minister at the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport in the Government of Ireland.The current Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport is Leo Varadkar, TD...
- Máire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-Quinn is an Irish politician, and is the current European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science. She previously served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for the Galway West constituency from 1975 to 1997...
- 1992 - Minister for Justice - Máire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-Quinn is an Irish politician, and is the current European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science. She previously served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for the Galway West constituency from 1975 to 1997...
- 1993 - TánaisteTánaisteThe Tánaiste is the deputy prime minister of Ireland. The current Tánaiste is Eamon Gilmore, TD who was appointed on 9 March 2011.- Origins and etymology :...
(Deputy Prime Minister) - Mary HarneyMary HarneyMary Harney is a former Irish politician. She served as Tánaiste from 1997–2006, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment from 1997–2004, and as Minister for Health and Children from 2004 to 2011...
- 1997 - Minister for Enterprise, Trade and EmploymentMinister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment (Ireland)The Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation is the senior minister at the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation in the Government of Ireland.The current Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation is Richard Bruton, TD...
- Mary HarneyMary HarneyMary Harney is a former Irish politician. She served as Tánaiste from 1997–2006, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment from 1997–2004, and as Minister for Health and Children from 2004 to 2011...
- 1997 - Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the IslandsMinister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht AffairsThe Minister for Children and Youth Affairs is a senior minister at the Department of Children and Youth Affairs in the Government of Ireland.The current Minister for Children and Youth Affairs is Frances Fitzgerald, TD.-Overview:...
- Síle de ValeraSíle de ValeraSíle de Valera , is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. She was first elected a Teachta Dála in 1977 serving as a member of Dáil Éireann until 1981, and then again from 1987 to 2007, as well as being a Member of the European Parliament for Dublin from 1979 to 1984...
- 1997 - Minister for Agriculture and Food - Mary Coughlan - 2002
- Government Chief WhipMinister of State at the Department of the TaoiseachThe Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach, officially styled as the Minister of State at the Departments of the Taoiseach and Defence with special responsibility as Government Chief Whip, is the Chief Whip of the Government of Ireland and is the most senior Minister of State...
- Mary HanafinMary HanafinMary Hanafin is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who was a Teachta Dála for Dún Laoghaire from 1997 to 2011. She served as Government Chief Whip , Minister for Education and Science , Minister for Social and Family Affairs , Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport and Minister for Enterprise,...
- 2002 - Permanent Representative to the United NationsUnited NationsThe United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
- Anne Anderson - 2009 - European CommissionerEuropean CommissionerA European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. Each Member within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission...
- Máire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-QuinnMáire Geoghegan-Quinn is an Irish politician, and is the current European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science. She previously served as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála for the Galway West constituency from 1975 to 1997...
- 2009 - Attorney GeneralAttorney General of IrelandThe Attorney General is a constitutional officer who is the official adviser to the Government of Ireland in matters of law. He is in effect the chief law officer in Ireland. The Attorney General is not a member of the Government but does participate in cabinet meetings when invited and attends...
- Máire WhelanMáire WhelanMáire R Whelan SC is an Irish barrister and senior counsel who was appointed to the post of Attorney General on 9 March 2011 by President Mary McAleese on the nomination of the Taoiseach...
- 2011 - Chief JusticeChief Justice of IrelandThe Chief Justice of Ireland is the president of the Supreme Court of Ireland.Under Constitution of Ireland, the Chief Justice of Ireland also occupies several positions ex officio, these include;* A possible judge of the High Court....
- Susan DenhamSusan DenhamSusan Denham is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ireland. She was appointed by the President of Ireland on 25 July 2011...
- 2011
ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
- Minister for Health - Tina AnselmiTina AnselmiTina Anselmi, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI is an Italian politician, and a notable member of the Italian resistance movement during the World War II.-Biography:Tina Anselmi was born in Castelfranco Veneto, province of Treviso....
- 1978 (as well as first woman government minister) - President of the Chamber of DeputiesItalian Chamber of DeputiesThe Italian Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Parliament of Italy. It has 630 seats, a plurality of which is controlled presently by liberal-conservative party People of Freedom. Twelve deputies represent Italian citizens outside of Italy. Deputies meet in the Palazzo Montecitorio. A...
- Nilde Iotti - 1979 - Senator for LifeSenator for lifeA senator for life is a member of the senate or equivalent upper chamber of a legislature who has life tenure. , 7 Italian Senators out of 322, 4 out of the 47 Burundian Senators and all members of the British House of Lords have lifetime tenure...
- Camilla RaveraCamilla RaveraCamilla Ravera was an Italian politician and the first female lifetime senator. Ravera participated in the founding of the Italian Communist Party in 1921....
- 1982 - Minister of Education - Rosa Russo IervolinoRosa Russo IervolinoRosa Russo Iervolino is an Italian politician.She is a member of the Democratic Coalition . She was leader of Christian Democratic Women . In 1979 she was senator for Christian Democracy party...
- 1992 - Minister for Agriculture and Forests - Adriana Poli BortoneAdriana Poli BortoneAdriana Poli Bortone is an Italian politician andwas an Alleanza Nazionale Member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2008. She represented Southern Italy...
- 1994 - European CommissionerEuropean CommissionerA European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. Each Member within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission...
- Emma BoninoEmma BoninoEmma Bonino is an Italian politician, former Member of the European Parliament and current Member of the Italian Senate. She is a leading member of the Italian Radicals, a political party that supports economic and social libertarianism, and human rights...
- 1995 - Minister of Foreign Affairs - Susanna AgnelliSusanna AgnelliSusanna Agnelli, Contessa Rattazzi, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI was an Italian politician, businesswoman and writer...
- 1995 - Minister without PortfolioMinister without PortfolioA minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry...
- Livia TurcoLivia TurcoLivia Turco is an Italian politician, member of the Democratic Party .She came from a working class background in Morozzo, Cuneo and studied in Cuneo and Torino. In Torino she began her political career by becoming onvolved with the communist party, becoming a deputy in 1987...
- 1996 - Minister for Health - Rosy BindiRosy BindiMaria Rosaria Bindi, best known as Rosy Bindi is an Italian politician and the current President of the Democratic Party.-Career:...
- 1996 - Minister for Equal Opportunities - Anna FinocchiaroAnna FinocchiaroAnna Finocchiaro Fidelbo is an Italian politician. She is the Democratic Party's leader in the Senate. She served as Minister for Equal Opportunities in the cabinet of Romano Prodi from 1996-98.-Biography:...
- 1996 - Minister of Cultural Activities and Sport - Giovanna MelandriGiovanna MelandriGiovanna Melandri is an Italian politician.-Education:Giovanna Melandri was born in New York, USA.She earned a diploma "cum laude" in economics and commerce at the Sapienza University of Rome and one of her teachers was Federico Caffè.From 1983 to 1987 she was a coordinator for the work group on...
- 1998 - Minister of Interior - Rosa Russo IervolinoRosa Russo IervolinoRosa Russo Iervolino is an Italian politician.She is a member of the Democratic Coalition . She was leader of Christian Democratic Women . In 1979 she was senator for Christian Democracy party...
- 1998 - Minister of Education - Letizia MorattiLetizia MorattiLetizia Brichetto-Arnaboldi Moratti is an Italian businesswoman and politician. She is the former mayor of Milan.-Biography:...
- 2001 - President of PiedmontPiedmontPiedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...
- Mercedes BressoMercedes BressoMercedes Bresso is an Italian politician and former President of the Piedmont Region. She is a member of the Democratic Party . After her election as governor of Piedmont, she resigned from the office as Member of European Parliament. She is a Grand Officer of the Italian Republic...
- 2006 - Minister of European Politics and International Trade - Emma BoninoEmma BoninoEmma Bonino is an Italian politician, former Member of the European Parliament and current Member of the Italian Senate. She is a leading member of the Italian Radicals, a political party that supports economic and social libertarianism, and human rights...
- 2006 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of MilanMilanMilan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
- Letizia MorattiLetizia MorattiLetizia Brichetto-Arnaboldi Moratti is an Italian businesswoman and politician. She is the former mayor of Milan.-Biography:...
- 2006 - Minister for Health - Livia TurcoLivia TurcoLivia Turco is an Italian politician, member of the Democratic Party .She came from a working class background in Morozzo, Cuneo and studied in Cuneo and Torino. In Torino she began her political career by becoming onvolved with the communist party, becoming a deputy in 1987...
- 2006 - Minister of Education - Mariastella GelminiMariastella GelminiMariastella Gelmini, is an Italian politician and attorney . She served as Italian Minister of Education in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet until November 16, 2011.-Political career:Gelmini was born in Leno, Italy....
- 2008 - President of Democratic Party (Italy)Democratic Party (Italy)The Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in Italy, that is the second-largest in the country. The party is led by Pier Luigi Bersani, who was elected in the 2009 leadership election....
- Rosy BindiRosy BindiMaria Rosaria Bindi, best known as Rosy Bindi is an Italian politician and the current President of the Democratic Party.-Career:...
- 2009 - President of Lazio - Renata PolveriniRenata PolveriniRenata Polverini is an Italian politician and trade unionist. She is currently president of the Lazio region and was formerly Secretary General of the General Labour Union .-Biography:...
- 2010
LatviaLatviaLatvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
- Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR - Valentina S. Klibike - 1975
- President - Vaira Vīķe-FreibergaVaira Vike-FreibergaVaira Vīķe-Freiberga was the sixth President of Latvia, the first female President of Latvia and the first female leader in eastern Europe. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected in 2003.Dr...
- 1999 - Speaker of the SaeimaSpeaker of the SaeimaThe Speaker of the Saeima is the speaker of the Parliament of Latvia, the Saeima. In the case when President of Latvia is not in the country or unable to perform their duties, the Speaker acts interim President....
- Ingrida UdreIngrida UdreIngrīda Ūdre is a Latvian politician who belongs to the Latvian Farmers' Union political party.Ūdre is a former professional basketball player who worked as an accountant after the end of her basketball career. She was first elected to Saeima, the Latvian parliament, in 1998, from the list of the...
- 2002 - Foreign ministerForeign ministerA Minister of Foreign Affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign state. The foreign minister is often regarded as the most senior ministerial position below that of the head of government . It is often granted to the deputy prime minister in...
- Sandra KalnieteSandra KalnieteSandra Kalniete is a Latvian politician, author, diplomat and independence movement leader. She served as Foreign Minister of Latvia 2002–2004 and as European Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries in 2004...
- 2002 - Defence ministerDefence ministerA defence minister is a person in a cabinet position in charge of a Ministry of Defence, which regulates the armed forces in some sovereign nations...
- Linda MūrnieceLinda MūrnieceLinda Mūrniece is a Latvian politician and the incumbent Minister of the Interior of Latvia and previous acting Minister of Health of Latvia.-References:...
- 2006
LiechtensteinLiechtensteinThe Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Andrea Willi - 1993
LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Catherine the Great - 1795 - SpeakerSpeaker (politics)The term speaker is a title often given to the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the...
of the constituent session of the Constituent Assembly of LithuaniaConstituent Assembly of LithuaniaThe Constituent Assembly of Lithuania was democratically elected in 1920 to draft and adopt the 1922 constitution of Lithuania.- Historical background :...
- Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-BitėGabrielė Petkevičaitė-BitėGabrielė Petkevičaitė was a Lithuanian writer and activist. Her pen name Bitė eventually became part of her last name.-Biography:...
- 15 May 1920 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of LithuaniaThe Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
- Kazimira PrunskienėKazimira PrunskieneKazimira Danutė Prunskienė was the first Prime Minister of Lithuania after the declaration of independence of March 11, 1990 and Minister of Agriculture in the government of Gediminas Kirkilas....
- 1990 - President of Lithuania - Dalia GrybauskaitėDalia GrybauskaitėDalia Grybauskaitė is the current President of Lithuania, inaugurated on 12 July 2009. She had previously been Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, Finance Minister, and European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget...
- July 2009
LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg - 1247 - Grand DuchessGrand Duke of LuxembourgThe Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
- Marie-Adélaïde - 1912 - Deputy Prime Minister - Colette FleschColette FleschColette Flesch is a Luxembourgian politician and former fencer.As a fencer she participated in the Individual foil events at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics....
- 1980 - Minister for Foreign Affairs - Colette FleschColette FleschColette Flesch is a Luxembourgian politician and former fencer.As a fencer she participated in the Individual foil events at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics....
- 1980 - Mayor of Luxembourg City - Lydie PolferLydie PolferLydie Polfer is a Luxembourgian politician that has served in a number of capacities, including Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs, and Mayor of Luxembourg City, as well as a Member of the European Parliament and a member of the Chamber of Deputies...
- 1982 - President of the Chamber of Deputies - Erna Hennicot-SchoepgesErna Hennicot-SchoepgesErna Hennicot-Schoepges is a Luxembourgian politician for the Christian Social People's Party. She was until 2009 a Member of the European Parliament, sitting as a CSV member of the European People's Party....
- 1989
Republic of MacedoniaRepublic of MacedoniaMacedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
- Foreign ministerForeign ministerA Minister of Foreign Affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign state. The foreign minister is often regarded as the most senior ministerial position below that of the head of government . It is often granted to the deputy prime minister in...
- Ilinka MitrevaIlinka MitrevaIlinka Mitreva is a former foreign minister of the Republic of Macedonia. She was first appointed to that position in May 2001, but resigned in November 2001. However, she was reappointed in November 2002, and held the position until August 2006, when a new government took office after...
- 2001 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of the Republic of MacedoniaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
(acting) - Radmila ŠekerinskaRadmila ŠekerinskaRadmila Šekerinska Jankovska is the former leader of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia and the leader of the opposition in the Macedonian Parliament...
- 2004 - Interior ministerInterior ministerAn interior ministry is a government ministry typically responsible for policing, national security, and immigration matters. The ministry is often headed by a minister of the interior or minister of home affairs...
- Gordana Jankulovska - 2006
MaltaMaltaMalta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
- Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
- Agatha BarbaraAgatha BarbaraAgatha Barbara was a Maltese politician, having served as a Labour Member of Parliament and Minister, and President of Malta. She was the first and, to date, the only female President of Malta.-Early life:...
- 1947 - MinisterMinister (government)A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....
- Agatha BarbaraAgatha BarbaraAgatha Barbara was a Maltese politician, having served as a Labour Member of Parliament and Minister, and President of Malta. She was the first and, to date, the only female President of Malta.-Early life:...
- 1955 - PresidentPresident of MaltaThe President of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta.The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution....
- Agatha BarbaraAgatha BarbaraAgatha Barbara was a Maltese politician, having served as a Labour Member of Parliament and Minister, and President of Malta. She was the first and, to date, the only female President of Malta.-Early life:...
- 1982 - MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
- Rita Cutajar, Mayor of Għasri, GozoGozoGozo is a small island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Southern European country of Malta; after the island of Malta itself, it is the second-largest island in the archipelago...
- 1993 - Speaker of the House of RepresentativesSpeaker of the House of Representatives of MaltaThe Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta is the collective representative of the House of Representatives of Malta. The Speaker is responsible for controlling the flow of House business and acts as "referee" during debates...
- Myriam Spiteri Debono - 1996
MoldovaMoldovaMoldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
- Speaker of the Parliament - Eugenia OstapciucEugenia OstapciucEugenia Ostapciuc is a Moldovan politician, member of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova. In 2001-2005 she was the President of the Moldovan Parliament....
- 2001 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of MoldovaThe Prime Minister of Moldova is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the President and exercises executive power along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.-Moldavian Democratic Republic :...
- Zinaida GreceanîiZinaida GreceanîiZinaida Greceanîi is a Moldovan politician. She is a member of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova and was the Prime Minister of Moldova between 31 March 2008 and 14 September 2009...
- 2008 - Finance ministerFinance ministerThe finance minister is a cabinet position in a government.A minister of finance has many different jobs in a government. He or she helps form the government budget, stimulate the economy, and control finances...
- Mariana Durlesteanu - 2008
MontenegroMontenegroMontenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
- Speaker of Parliament - Vesna Perović - 2001
- Supreme State Attorney - Vesna Medenica - 2004
- MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of City/President of Municipality (first elected) - Marija-Maja Ćatović - 2005 - Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime MinisterA deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
- Gordana Đurović - 2006
NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
- Diplomat - Bartholda van SwietenBartholda van SwietenBartholda van Swieten was a Dutch noble and diplomat who acted as official mediary between the Netherlands and the Spanish Netherlands from 1615 until 1629. She is the subject of fiction, a play and the Dutch novel Een haagsche joffer...
- 1615 - RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
(acting stadtholderStadtholderA Stadtholder A Stadtholder A Stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder [], "steward" or "lieutenant", literally place holder, holding someones place, possibly a calque of German Statthalter, French lieutenant, or Middle Latin locum tenens...
) - Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of OrangeAnne, Princess Royal and Princess of OrangeAnne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange was the second child and eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his consort, Caroline of Ansbach. She was the spouse of William IV, Prince of Orange, the first hereditary stadtholder of the Netherlands...
- 1751 - MonarchMonarchy of the NetherlandsThe Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...
- Queen WilhelminaWilhelmina of the NetherlandsWilhelmina was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948. She ruled the Netherlands for fifty-eight years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I and World War II, the economic crisis of 1933, and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial...
- 1890 - Member of the House of Representatives of the States-GeneralStates-General of the NetherlandsThe States-General of the Netherlands is the bicameral legislature of the Netherlands, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The parliament meets in at the Binnenhof in The Hague. The archaic Dutch word "staten" originally related to the feudal classes in which medieval...
- Suze Groeneweg - 1917 - Member of the Senate of the States-General - Carry Pothuis-Smit - 1920
- Wethouder (aldermanAldermanAn alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council...
) - Eiske ten Bos-Harkema - 1924 - Burgemeester (mayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
) - Truus Beliën - 1946 - Staatssecretaris of EducationEducationEducation in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
, ArtsARtsaRts, which stands for analog Real time synthesizer, is an audio framework that is no longer under development. It is best known for previously being used in KDE to simulate an analog synthesizer....
and Sciences - Anna de Waal - 1952 - Minister for Culture, Recreation and Welfare - Marga KlompéMarga KlompéMargaretha Albertina Maria Klompé was a Dutch politician and member of the Catholic Party called KVP....
- 1956 - Minister of Health - Irene VorrinkIrene VorrinkIrene Vorrink was a PvdA politician. She was Minister of Health in the cabinet Den Uyl ....
- 1973 - Parliamentary group leaderParliamentary group leaderThe leader or chairman of a parliamentary group holds an influential political post in a parliamentary system with strong party discipline...
(fractievoorzitter) in de House of Representatives - Ria BeckersRia BeckersMaria Brigitta Catherina Beckers-de Bruijn was a Dutch Green politician. She was the political leader of the progressive Christian party PPR and its successor GreenLeft....
- 1977 - Minister of Home Affairs - Ien DalesIen DalesCatharina Isabella "Ien" Dales was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party .- References :...
- 1989 - Minister of Justice - Winnie SorgdragerWinnie SorgdragerWinnifred Sorgdrager is a Dutch jurist and former politician.-References:...
- 1994 - Chairwoman of the House of Representatives of the States-General - Jeltje van NieuwenhovenJeltje van NieuwenhovenJeltje van Nieuwenhoven is a Dutch politician. She was a member of the House of Representatives for over 20 years for the social-democratic PvdA, and its chair for four years.-Before entering politics:...
- 1998 - First Vice Prime MinisterDeputy Prime MinisterA deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
- Annemarie Jorritsma - 1998 - Second Vice Prime Minister - Els BorstEls BorstElse Borst-Eilers is a former Dutch Politician, she led D66 in the 1998 election campaign and served as Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport for eight years, and the last four as Deputy Prime Minister. Before entering politics she had a career in medicine.-Education and Academic Career:Borst...
- 1998 - Chairwoman of the Senate of the States-General - Yvonne Timmerman-BuckYvonne Timmerman-BuckYvonne Elisabeth Marie Antoinette Timmerman-Buck is a Dutch Politician of the Christian Democratic CDA party.She was President of the Senate in the period 2003-2009....
- 2003 - European Commissioner for CompetitionCommissioner for CompetitionThe Commissioner for Competition is the member responsible for competition of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Joaquín Almunia who is also a Commission Vice President.-Responsibilities:...
- Neelie KroesNeelie KroesNeelie Kroes is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy . She served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 3 August 1971 until 28 December 1977 when she became State Secretary for Transport, Public Works and Water Management from 28 December 1977 until 11...
- 2004 - Staatssecretaris of immigrationImmigrationImmigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...
and prisons - Nebahat AlbayrakNebahat AlbayrakNebahat Albayrak is a Turkish-Dutch politician and former civil servant. As a member of the Dutch Labour Party she is a former State Secretary for Justice in the Netherlands. Since May 12, 2010 she has been an MP. From April till August 2011 she was on maternity leave...
- 2007
NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Margaret IMargaret I of DenmarkMargaret I was Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Although she acted as queen regnant, the laws of contemporary Danish succession denied her formal queenship. Her title in Denmark was derived from her...
- 1388 - Deputy member of the Norwegian Parliament - Anna RogstadAnna RogstadAnna Georgine Rogstad was a Norwegian educator, women's rights activist and politician for the Frisinnede Venstre, the Liberal Left Party of Norway. She was the country's first female Member of Parliament. A teacher by profession, Rogstad was deeply involved in the educational policies of the nation...
- 1911 - Member of the Norwegian Parliament - Karen PlatouKaren PlatouKaren Platou was a Norwegian businesswoman and a politician for the Conservative Party. Platou was the country's first woman to be elected Member of Parliament....
- 1921 - Mayor - Aasa HelgesenAasa HelgesenAasa Helgesen was a Norwegian midwife and politician. She served as mayor of Utsira from 1926 to 1928, and was the first female mayor in Norway. She worked as a midwife in Utsira from 1903 to 1942.-References:...
(in UtsiraUtsiraUtsira is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Haugaland. Utsira was separated from Torvastad on 1 July 1924.The municipality consists of an island located in the North Sea, 18 km west of Haugesund...
) - 1926 - Minister of Social Affairs - Kirsten HansteenKirsten HansteenKirsten Hansteen was the Norwegian appointed Minister of Social Affairs in 1945, and the first ever female member of cabinet in Norway. She represented the Communist Party of Norway. Her husband Viggo Hansteen was executed by the German occupation forces in 1941. She edited the underground...
- 1945 - State SecretaryState Secretary (Norway)In Norway, a State Secretary is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position Secretary of State in many other countries, the Norwegian State Secretary does not head his or her Ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a Minister...
- Elsa Rastad BråtenElsa Rastad BråtenElsa Rastad Bråten was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.During the first cabinet Bratteli from 1971 to 1972, Bråten was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police...
- 1971 - President of the Lagting - Torild SkardTorild SkardTorild Skard is a Norwegian psychologist and researcher, feminist, politician for the Socialist Left Party, civil servant and former high-ranking United Nations official . She served as a Member of Parliament, President of its upper chamber and Deputy Chair of the Standing Committee on Justice...
- 1973 - Minister of the EnvironmentMinister of the Environment (Norway)The Norwegian Minister of the Environment is the head of the Royal Norwegian Ministry of the Environment. The Ministry was established in 1972....
- Gro Harlem BrundtlandGro Harlem BrundtlandGro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...
- 1974 - County GovernorCounty GovernorCounty Governor is a Norwegian government agency represented in 18 of the Norwegian counties responsible for a number of supervision and management duties. The Governor is the representative of the King and Government of Norway in each county, functioning as the connection between the state and...
- Ebba LoddenEbba LoddenEbba Lodden, née Sjuve was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Labour Party. She was the first female County Governor in Norway.-Early life and career:...
(in Aust-AgderAust-Agderis a county in Norway, bordering Telemark, Rogaland, and Vest-Agder. In 2002, there were 102,945 inhabitants, which is 2.2% of the total population in Norway. Its area is . The administrative center of the county is in Arendal....
) - 1974 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of NorwayThe Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
- Gro Harlem BrundtlandGro Harlem BrundtlandGro Harlem Brundtland is a Norwegian Social democratic politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway , and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization...
- 1981 - President of the Odelsting - Åshild HauanÅshild HauanÅshild Hauan is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland in 1981, and was re-elected on two occasions. She had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1977–1981...
- 1985 - President of the Storting - Kirsti Kolle GrøndahlKirsti Kolle GrøndahlKirsti Kolle Grøndahl is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party, currently County Governor of Buskerud. She was Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1986 to 1988 and Minister of International Development from 1988 to 1989...
- 1993 - Governor of SvalbardGovernor of SvalbardThe Governor of Svalbard represents the Norwegian government in exercising its sovereignty over the Svalbard archipelago .The position reports to the Norwegian Ministry of Justice, but it maintains all Norwegian interests in the area, including environmental protection, law enforcement,...
- Ann-Kristin OlsenAnn-Kristin OlsenAnn-Kristin Olsen is a Norwegian jurist and civil servant. Known as the first female chief of police in Norway, and the first female Governor of Svalbard, she has served as County Governor of Vest-Agder since 1998.-Early life:...
- 1995 - Minister of DefenceNorwegian Ministry of DefenceThe Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence is a Norwegian government ministry in charge of the formation and implementation of national security and defence policy, and for the overall management and control of the activities of subordinate agencies. The ministry is located at Glacisgata 1, Oslo,...
- Eldbjørg LøwerEldbjørg LøwerEldbjørg Løwer is a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.Originally a ceramist, trained at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry, she would eventually move into politics, serving as mayor of Kongsberg and later leader of Kongsberg Chamber of commerce...
- 2001 - Minister of FinanceNorwegian Ministry of FinanceThe Royal Norwegian Ministry of Finance is a Norwegian ministry established in 1814. The ministry is responsible for state finance, including the state budget, taxation and economic policy in Norway. It is led by Sigbjørn Johnsen...
- Kristin HalvorsenKristin HalvorsenKristin Halvorsen is a Norwegian socialist politician and was the Minister of Finance from 17 October 2005 until 20 October 2009. She is now the Minister of Education in Stoltenberg's second cabinet....
- 2005
Other political positions
- Party leader - Eva Kolstad (Liberal) - 1974
PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
- Monarch - Jadwiga of PolandJadwiga of PolandJadwiga was monarch of Poland from 1384 to her death. Her official title was 'king' rather than 'queen', reflecting that she was a sovereign in her own right and not merely a royal consort. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, the daughter of King Louis I of Hungary and Elizabeth of...
- 1384 - First members of SejmSejmThe Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....
(lower house of the parliamentParliamentA parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French , the action of parler : a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which...
) - Gabriela Balicka, Jadwiga Dziubińska, Irena Kosmowska, Maria Moczydłowska, Zofia Moraczewska, Anna Piasecka, Zofia Sokolnicka, Franciszka Wilczkowiakowa, Roza Pomerantz-MeltzerRoza Pomerantz-MeltzerRóża Pomerantz-Meltzer, also Róża Melcerowa of Lvov, was the first woman elected to the Sejm, the Parliament of Poland. She was elected in 1919 as a member of a Zionist party....
- 1919 - Senator - Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska - 1928
- Minister of JusticeMinistry of Justice of the Republic of PolandMinistry of Justice of the Republic of Poland is one of the ministries of Poland. Each Minister of Justice since 1990 has been also Attorney General of the Republic of Poland.-Ministers of Justice :-External links:*...
- Zofia WasilkowskaZofia WasilkowskaZofia Wasilkowska , was a Polish communist politician. She was a judge of the Supreme Court in 1948-1953 and 1955–1981 and Minister of Justice in 1956-1957. She was also responsible for women's affairs in 1948-1953.-Sources:...
- 1956 - Minister of Administration, Land Economy and EnvironmentMinistry of Environment of the Republic of PolandMinistry of Environment of the Republic of Poland was formed in 1973 to administer issues related to environment protection of Poland.The ministry existed under various names since 1972. It has assumed its current name in 1999....
- Maria Milczarek - 1976 - Minister of Labor, Welfare and Social Policy - Maria Milczarek - 1979
- Minister of Education and BehaviourMinistry of National Education of the Republic of PolandMinistry of National Education of Poland was created in 2006. The ministry prerogatives do not include higher education, which falls under Ministry of Science and Higher Education ....
- Joanna Michałowska-Gumowska - 1985 - Minister of Health and WelfareMinistry of Health of the Republic of PolandMinistry of Health of the Republic of Poland is one of the Ministries of the Republic of Poland. Its current minister is Ewa Kopacz.-Ministry of Health :* Witold Chodźko * Tomasz Janiszewski...
- Izabela Płaneta-Małecka - 1988 - Minister of Culture and ArtMinistry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of PolandMinistry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland was formed on 31 October 2005, from transformation of Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Poland.The ministry is concerned with various aspects of Polish culture....
- Izabella Cywińska - 1989 - Minister of Industry and Commerce - Henryka Bochniarz - 1991
- Prime MinisterPrime Minister of the Republic of PolandThe Prime Minister of Poland heads the Polish Council of Ministers and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers...
- Hanna SuchockaHanna SuchockaHanna Suchocka is a Polish political figure. She served as the prime minister of Poland between 11 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland and 19th in the world.Suchocka is a specialist in Constitutional Law...
- 1992 - Chairman of the National Bank of PolandNational Bank of PolandNarodowy Bank Polski is the central bank of Poland. It controls the issuing of Poland's currency, the złoty. The Bank is headquartered in Warsaw, and has branches in every major Polish town...
- Hanna Gronkiewicz-WaltzHanna Gronkiewicz-WaltzHanna Beata Gronkiewicz-Waltz is a Polish liberal-conservative politician who has been the Mayor of Warsaw since 2 December 2006. She is the first woman to ever hold this position....
- 1992 - Minister of Construction and Spatial Management - Barbara BlidaBarbara BlidaBarbara Blida was a Polish political figure who served in the nation's Parliament for 16 years , including a stint as a member of the cabinet, and whose controversial suicide in the midst of an investigation for corruption became front-page news in Poland as well as in a number of news outlets...
- 1993 - Marshal of the Senate - Alicja Grześkowiak - 1997
- Minister of Finance - Halina Wasilewska-Trenkner - 2001
- Minister of State TreasuryMinistry of State Treasury of the Republic of PolandMinistry of State Treasury of the Republic of Poland was formed to administer issues related to State Treasury of Poland...
- Aldona Kamela-Sowińska - 2001 - Minister of European Affairs - Danuta HübnerDanuta HübnerDanuta Hübner is a Polish economist, academic, and policy maker. She served as European Commissioner for Regional Policy from 22 November 2004 until 4 July 2009, when she resigned to become a Member of European Parliament for the Civic Platform....
- 2003 - Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime Minister of the Republic of PolandDeputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland is the deputy of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland and member of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland. He can also be one of the ministers of Poland.-People's Poland :...
- Izabela Jaruga-NowackaIzabela Jaruga-NowackaIzabela Jaruga-Nowacka was a Polish political figure who had served in the national Parliament since 1993 and, in May 2004, rose to become Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Marek Belka, serving until October 2005, while also, concurrently, filling in his cabinet, from November 2004 to...
- 2004 - Minister of Social Policy - Izabela Jaruga-NowackaIzabela Jaruga-NowackaIzabela Jaruga-Nowacka was a Polish political figure who had served in the national Parliament since 1993 and, in May 2004, rose to become Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Marek Belka, serving until October 2005, while also, concurrently, filling in his cabinet, from November 2004 to...
- 2004 - Minister of Regional DevelopmentMinistry of Regional Development of the Republic of PolandThe Ministry of Regional Development of the Republic of Poland was created on 31 October 2005, with its functions being devolved from the Ministry of Economy and Labour...
- Grażyna GęsickaGrazyna GesickaGrażyna Gęsicka was a Polish sociologist and politician and a former Minister of Regional Development in Jarosław Kaczyński's government. From 2009 until her death she was the leader of Law and Justice parliamentary caucus.She was born in Warsaw...
- 2005 - Minister of Foreign Affairs - Anna FotygaAnna FotygaAnna Elżbieta Fotyga née Kawecka is a Polish economist, politician, former Member of the European Parliament and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland, in the successive cabinets of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jarosław Kaczyński...
- 2006 - President of WarsawPresident of WarsawThe Mayor of Warsaw, or more properly the President of Warsaw is the head of the capital of Poland....
- Hanna Gronkiewicz-WaltzHanna Gronkiewicz-WaltzHanna Beata Gronkiewicz-Waltz is a Polish liberal-conservative politician who has been the Mayor of Warsaw since 2 December 2006. She is the first woman to ever hold this position....
- 2006 - Minister of Sport and Tourism - Elżbieta JakubiakElżbieta JakubiakElżbieta Renata Jakubiak is a Polish politician , sports and tourism minister in the government of Jaroslaw Kaczynski, was head of the Polish President's Cabinet with the rank of secretary of state, and deputy to the Sejm sixth term of office.-Biography:Jakubiak was born in 1966, the daughter of...
- 2007 - Minister of Science and Higher EducationMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of PolandThe Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland was opened on 5 May 2006 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education, in replacement of several parts of the Ministry of Education and Science. The Minister of Science and Higher Education administers governmental activities in science and...
- Barbara KudryckaBarbara KudryckaBarbara Kudrycka is a professor of administrative law and public administration science and a Polish politician who has served as the Minister of Science and Higher Education in the cabinet of Donald Tusk since 2007....
- 2007
PortugalPortugalPortugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Theresa, Countess of PortugalTheresa, Countess of PortugalTheresa of Portugal was the first ruler of independent Portugal...
- 1112 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Beatrice of PortugalBeatrice of PortugalBeatrice was the only surviving child of King Ferdinand I of Portugal and his wife, Leonor Telles de Menezes. She married King John I of Castile. In the absence of a male heir, she claimed the throne of Portugal, supported by her husband. This led to the 1383–1385 Crisis, in which the Portuguese...
- 1383 (disputed) - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Maria I - 1777 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of PortugalPrime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
- Maria de Lurdes PintasilgoMaria de Lurdes PintasilgoMaria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo,GCC,GCIH ; was the first and to date only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal, and the second woman to serve as Prime Minister in Europe, after Margaret Thatcher who had been firstly elected for this capacity in the same year.Maria de...
- 1979 - Minister of Health - Leonor BelezaLeonor BelezaMaria Leonor Couceiro Pizarro Beleza , is a Portuguese politician.-Career:She is daughter of José Júlio Pizarro Beleza and Maria dos Prazeres Lançarote Couceiro da Costa. Her brother is Luís Miguel Beleza....
- 1985 - Minister of Education - Manuela Ferreira LeiteManuela Ferreira LeiteMaria Manuela Dias Ferreira Leite , commonly known as Manuela Ferreira Leite , is a Portuguese economist and politician.-Background:...
- 1993 - Minister of Environment - Teresa Gouveia - 1993
- Minister of Planning - Elisa FerreiraElisa FerreiraElisa Ferreira, GCC is a Portuguese politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Socialist Party; part of the Party of European Socialists.-References:...
- 1999 - Minister of Finance - Manuela Ferreira LeiteManuela Ferreira LeiteMaria Manuela Dias Ferreira Leite , commonly known as Manuela Ferreira Leite , is a Portuguese economist and politician.-Background:...
- 2002 - Minister of Justice - Celeste Cardona
- Minister of Science and Higher Education - Graça Carvalho - 2003
- Minister of Foreign AffairsMinister of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal is in charge of conducting the foreign policy established by the Portuguese government, representing the country in many international meetings. The current Minister is Paulo Portas...
- Teresa Patrício de GouveiaTeresa Patrício de GouveiaMaria Teresa Pinto Basto Patrício de Gouveia, GCIH , is a Portuguese Politician.-Background:She is a daughter of Afonso Patrício de Gouveia and wife Maria Madalena d'Orey Ferreira Pinto Basto , from a Family of the high Bourgeoisie and some Nobility and of more or less distant English, German,...
- 2003 - Minister of Culture - Maria João Bustorff - 2004
- Leader of the Opposition - Manuela Ferreira LeiteManuela Ferreira LeiteMaria Manuela Dias Ferreira Leite , commonly known as Manuela Ferreira Leite , is a Portuguese economist and politician.-Background:...
- 2008
RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Ana PaukerAna PaukerAna Pauker was a Romanian communist leader and served as the country's foreign minister in the late 1940s and early 1950s...
- 1947 - First Deputy Prime Minister - Elena CeauşescuElena CeausescuElena Ceaușescu was the wife of Romania's Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu, and Deputy Prime Minister of Romania.-Background:She was born Elena Petrescu into a peasant family in Petrești commune, Dâmboviţa County, in the informal region of Wallachia. Her family was supported by her father's job...
- 1980 - Minister of Education- Ecaterina AndronescuEcaterina AndronescuEcaterina Andronescu is a Romanian engineer, professor and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party , she sat in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies from 1996 to 2008, representing Bucharest, and has been a Senator since 2008, for the same city...
- 2000 - Minister of Justice - Monica MacoveiMonica MacoveiMonica Luisa Macovei is a Romanian politician, lawyer and former prosecutor, currently a Member of the European Parliament from the Democratic Liberal Party. She was the Minister of Justice of Romania in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu...
- 2004 - Prefect (of Bucharest) - Mioara MantaleMioara MantaleMioara Mantale is a Romanian politician and the Subprefect of the Bucharest Municipality. A member of the Democratic Party and its successor the Democratic Liberal Party, she is the first-ever female prefect of Bucharest, a mandate she held between 2005 and 2007.-Biography:Born in Iaşi, Mantale...
- 2004 - President of the Chamber of Deputies - Roberta Anastase - 2008
- Minister of Tourism - Elena UdreaElena UdreaElena Gabriela Udrea is a Romanian politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party , she has been a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest since 2008...
- 2008
RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Elena GlinskayaElena GlinskayaElena Vasilyevna Glinskaya April 1538, Moscow) was the second wife of Grand Prince Vasili III and regent of Russia for 5 years .- Background :...
- 1533 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Catherine I of RussiaCatherine I of RussiaCatherine I , the second wife of Peter the Great, reigned as Empress of Russia from 1725 until her death.-Life as a peasant woman:The life of Catherine I was said by Voltaire to be nearly as extraordinary as that of Peter the Great himself. There are no documents that confirm her origins. Born on...
- 1725 - Vice Minister of State Welfare and Vice Minister of Education - Sofia Panina - 1917
- CommissarCouncil of the People's CommissarsThe Council of People's Commissars , was a government institution formed shortly after the October Revolution in 1917. Created in the Russian Republic the council laid foundations in restructuring the country to form the Soviet Union...
(Minister): Alexandra Kollontay - 1917 - Ambassador: Alexandra Kollontay - 1923
- Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionCentral Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionThe Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka", earlier was also called as the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party ...
: Nadezhda Krupskaya - 1924 - Deputy minister (Comissar) of Education : Nadezhda Krupskaya - 1929
- Member of the Supreme SovietSupreme SovietThe Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
: Nadezhda Krupskaya - 1931 - Member of the PolitburoPolitburoPolitburo , literally "Political Bureau [of the Central Committee]," is the executive committee for a number of communist political parties.-Marxist-Leninist states:...
: Ekaterina FurtsevaEkaterina FurtsevaYekaterina Alexeyevna Furtseva was probably the most influential woman in Soviet politics and the first woman to be admitted into Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union...
- 1957 - Governor:Valentina MatviyenkoValentina MatviyenkoValentina Ivanovna Matviyenko , born 7 April 1949 in the Ukrainian SSR), is currently the highest-ranking female politician in Russia, the former governor of Saint Petersburg and the current Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation...
- 2003 - Chairman of the Federation Council of RussiaFederation Council of RussiaFederation Council of Russia ) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation...
: Valentina MatviyenkoValentina MatviyenkoValentina Ivanovna Matviyenko , born 7 April 1949 in the Ukrainian SSR), is currently the highest-ranking female politician in Russia, the former governor of Saint Petersburg and the current Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation...
- 2011
San MarinoSan MarinoSan Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
- Co-Captain Regent - Maria Lea Pedini-AngeliniMaria Lea Pedini-AngeliniMaria Lea Pedini-Angelini served as a Captain Regent of San Marino from April 1, 1981 to October 1, 1981. She served with Gastone Pasolini. She was the first female head of state of San Marino...
- 1981 - Foreign minister - Antonella MularoniAntonella MularoniAntonella Mularoni is Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs, Telecommunications and Transport of the Republic of San Marino.She was formerly the San Marino judge for the European Court of Human Rights....
- 2008
SerbiaSerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Princess Milica of Serbia - 1389 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Jelena (Marija)Mary of Serbia, Queen of BosniaHelena of Serbia, later known as Maria was the last Queen of Bosnia and Despoina of Serbia.-Background:...
- 1458 - Mayor of BelgradeMayor of BelgradeThe Mayor of Belgrade is the head of the City of Belgrade . He acts on behalf of the City, and performs an executive function in the City of Belgrade. The position of the Belgrade mayor is important as the city is the most important hub of economics, culture and science in Serbia...
- Slobodanka Gruden - 1993 - Speaker of the National Assembly of SerbiaNational Assembly of SerbiaThe National Assembly of Serbia is the unicameral parliament of Serbia. It is composed of 250 proportionally elected deputies elected in general elections by secret ballot, on 4 years term. The National Assembly elects the President of the National Assembly who presides over the sessions...
- Nataša MićićNataša MicicNataša Mićić is a Serbian politician. She is an MP in the Serbian parliament and the vice-president of the Liberal Democratic Party ....
- 2001 - PresidentPresident of SerbiaThe President of Serbia is the head of state of Serbia. Presently serving as the head of state is Boris Tadić. He was elected with a narrow majority of 50.31% in the 2008 Serbian presidential elections.-Authority, legal and constitutional rights:...
(acting) - Nataša MićićNataša MicicNataša Mićić is a Serbian politician. She is an MP in the Serbian parliament and the vice-president of the Liberal Democratic Party ....
- 2002 - Governor of the National Bank of Serbia - Kori Udovički - 2003
- Mayor of Novi Sad - Maja GojkovićMaja GojkovicMaja Gojković is the previous mayor of the city of Novi Sad, capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, in Serbia and a councillor in the Parliament of Novi Sad as a representative of the People's Party, previously also known as the "Grupa građana - Maja Gojković"...
- 2004 - President of the Supreme Court - Vida Petrović Škero - 2005
- Deputy Prime Minister - Ivana Dulić-MarkovićIvana Dulic-MarkovicDr Ivana Dulić-Marković is Serbian politician of Croat ethnicity. She was the Deputy Prime Minister in the Government of Serbia....
- 2006
SlovakiaSlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
- Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family - Oľga Keltošová - 1993 (also Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia since 1992)
- Minister of Justice - Katarína TóthováKatarína TóthováKatarína Tóthová is former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and 1st Minister of Justice of Slovakia and former Member of National Council of the Slovak Republic. After 2010 parliament election retired from politics.- References :...
- 1993 (also Minister of Justice of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia since 1992) - Minister of Health - Irena BelohorskáIrena BelohorskáIrena Belohorská is a Slovak politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Ludova strana - Hnutie za demokraticke Slovensko, and is therefore a Non-Inscrit in the European Parliament....
- 1993 - Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime MinisterA deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
- Brigita Schmögnerová - 1994 - Minister of Education - Eva Slavkovská - 1994
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Zdenka KramplováZdenka KramplováZdenka Kramplová was Minister of agriculture of Slovakia from 27 November 2007 until 18 August 2008 and former Foreign Minister of Slovakia from 1997 to 1998. She is a member of the People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia....
- 1997 - Minister of Privatization - Mária Machová - 1998
- Minister of Finance - Brigita Schmögnerová - 1998
- Deputy Speaker of the National Council of the Slovak RepublicNational Council of the Slovak RepublicThe National Council of the Slovak Republic , abbreviated to NR SR, is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral, and consists of 150 MPs, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation every four years....
- Zuzana MartinákováZuzana MartinákováZuzana Martináková is a Slovak politician and a former journalist. She is the leader of the political party Free Forum....
- 2002 - Minister of Agriculture - Zdenka KramplováZdenka KramplováZdenka Kramplová was Minister of agriculture of Slovakia from 27 November 2007 until 18 August 2008 and former Foreign Minister of Slovakia from 1997 to 1998. She is a member of the People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia....
- 2007 - Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of SlovakiaConstitutional Court of SlovakiaThe Constitutional Court of Slovakia is a special court established by the Constitution of Slovakia. Its seat is in Košice.-Tasks:...
- Ivetta Macejková - 2007 - Prime Minister - Iveta RadičováIveta RadicováIveta Radičová is the Prime Minister of Slovakia and a member of the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party. She was sworn into office on 8 July 2010 as the head of a four-party center-right coalition government following the 2010 Slovak parliamentary election, until the fall of...
- 2010
Note: Independent Slovak Republic was established on January 1, 1993. First female politicians of Slovak Republic as a part of Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.- Adoption of the name :Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been Czechoslovak Socialist Republic...
are not included above.
List of Slovak female holders of political offices before independence:
- Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
- Irena Kaňová - 1919 - Commissioner for Health and Social WelfareBoard of Commissioners (Slovak executive body)Board of Commissioners was an executive body of Slovak National Council.- Creation :In 1943 two Slovak National Councils were created...
(equivalent to minister) - Emília Janečková-Muríňová - 1950 - Minister of Health and Social Affairs - Eva Tökölyová - 1986
- Minister of State Audit - Mária Kolaříková - 1989
- Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family - Helena Woleková - 1991
- Minister of Trade and Tourism - Jana Kotová - 1992
- Minister of Justice - Katarína TóthováKatarína TóthováKatarína Tóthová is former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and 1st Minister of Justice of Slovakia and former Member of National Council of the Slovak Republic. After 2010 parliament election retired from politics.- References :...
- 1992 - Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family - Oľga Keltošová - 1992
SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
(of CastileKingdom of CastileKingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region...
, LeónKingdom of LeónThe Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León...
and GaliciaKingdom of GaliciaThe Kingdom of Galicia was a political entity located in southwestern Europe, which at its territorial zenith occupied the entire northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Founded by Suebic king Hermeric in the year 409, the Galician capital was established in Braga, being the first kingdom which...
) and held the imperial titleImperator totius HispaniaeImperator totius Hispaniae is a Latin title meaning "Emperor of all Spain". In Spain in the Middle Ages, the title "emperor" was used under a variety of circumstances from the ninth century onwards, but its usage peaked, as a formal and practical title, between 1086 and 1157...
Suo jureSuo jureSuo jure is a Latin phrase meaning "in her [or his] own right".It is commonly encountered in the context of titles of nobility, especially in cases where a wife may hold a title in her own right rather than through her marriage....
Empress of All the Spains - Urraca of León and Castile - 1109 - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Isabel IIIsabella II of SpainIsabella II was the only female monarch of Spain in modern times. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of...
- 1833 - Minister of Health - Federica MontsenyFederica MontsenyFederica Montseny i Mañé was a Spanish anarchist, intellectual and Minister of Health during the social revolution that occurred in Spain parallel to the Civil War...
- 1936 - Mayoress of BilbaoBilbaoBilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain...
- Pilar Careaga - 1969 - Mayoress of VigoVigoVigo is a city and municipality in north-west Spain, in Galicia, situated on the ria of the same name on the Atlantic Ocean.-Population:...
- Enma González - 1978 - Minister of CultureMinister of cultureA culture minister is a Cabinet position in some governments responsible for protecting the national heritage of a country and promoting cultural expression....
- Soledad BecerrilSoledad BecerrilDoña María de la Soledad Becerril y Bustamante, Marquise of Salvatierra is a Spanish noble, politician and long serving member of the Spanish Congress of Deputies who belongs to the People's Party . In 1981 she served as the first female Government Minister in almost 50 years and later became the...
- 1981 - Mayoress of Valencia - Clementina Ródenas - 1988
- President of the Region of MurciaRegion of MurciaThe Region of Murcia is an autonomous community of Spain located in the southeast of the country, between Andalusia and Valencian Community, on the Mediterranean coast....
- María Antonia Martínez - 1993 - Mayoress of SevilleSevilleSeville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
- Soledad BecerrilSoledad BecerrilDoña María de la Soledad Becerril y Bustamante, Marquise of Salvatierra is a Spanish noble, politician and long serving member of the Spanish Congress of Deputies who belongs to the People's Party . In 1981 she served as the first female Government Minister in almost 50 years and later became the...
- 1995 - Mayoress of Saragossa - Luisa Fernanda Rudi - 1995
- Mayoress of MálagaMálagaMálaga is a city and a municipality in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. With a population of 568,507 in 2010, it is the second most populous city of Andalusia and the sixth largest in Spain. This is the southernmost large city in Europe...
- Celia VillalobosCelia VillalobosCelia Villalobos Talero is a Spanish politician.She was the mayor of Málaga from 1995 to 2000, when she joined José María Aznar's cabinet as the minister of food and health from 2000 to 2002. Her role at this ministry was controversial mainly due to a speech she gave during the concern over...
- 1995 - Minister of Environment - Isabel Tocino - 1996
- Minister of Agriculture - Loyola de PalacioLoyola de PalacioLoyola de Palacio y del Valle-Lersundi was a Spanish politician. She was one of the first women to rise to political prominence in Spain during the early years of democracy. She was a minister in the Spanish government from 1996 to 1998, and a member of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004...
- 1996 - Minister of Justice - Margarita Mariscal de Gante - 1996
- President of SenateSpanish SenateThe Senate of Spain is the upper house of Spain's parliament, the . It is made up of 264 members: 208 elected by popular vote, and 56 appointed by the regional legislatures. All senators serve four-year terms, though regional legislatures may recall their appointees at any time.The last election...
- Esperanza AguirreEsperanza AguirreEsperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma, Countess of Murillo, Grandee of Spain, DBE is a Spanish politician and the current President of Madrid...
- 1999 - Minister of Education - Esperanza AguirreEsperanza AguirreEsperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma, Countess of Murillo, Grandee of Spain, DBE is a Spanish politician and the current President of Madrid...
- 1999 - Mayoress of CordovaCórdoba, Spain-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...
- Rosa AguilarRosa AguilarJoaquina Rosa Aguilar Rivero is a Spanish politician. She has been the mayor of Córdoba since 1999 and was shortlisted for the 2008 World Mayor award...
- 1999 - Mayoress of GijónGijónGijón , officially Gijón / Xixón, is a coastal industrial city and a municipality in the autonomous community of Asturias in Spain. Early mediaeval texts mention it as "Gigia". It was an important regional Roman city, although the area has been settled since earliest history...
- Paz Fernández - 1999 - Minister of Industry - Anna Birulés - 2000
- Foreign ministerForeign ministerA Minister of Foreign Affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign state. The foreign minister is often regarded as the most senior ministerial position below that of the head of government . It is often granted to the deputy prime minister in...
- Ana PalacioAna PalacioAna Isabel de Palacio y del Valle-Lersundi in Madrid, daughter of Luis María de Palacio y de Palacio, 4th Marqués de Matonte, and wife Luisa Mariana del Valle-Lersundi y del Valle, was Spain's Minister for Foreign Affairs in the People's Party government of José María Aznar from July 2002-March...
- 2002 - Minister of Public Administrations - Julia García-Valdecasas - 2003
- President of the Community of Madrid - Esperanza AguirreEsperanza AguirreEsperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma, Countess of Murillo, Grandee of Spain, DBE is a Spanish politician and the current President of Madrid...
- 2003 - Mayoress of Las Palmas - Josefa Luzardo - 2003
- Mayoress of Palma de MallorcaPalma de MallorcaPalma is the major city and port on the island of Majorca and capital city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. The names Ciutat de Mallorca and Ciutat were used before the War of the Spanish Succession and are still used by people in Majorca. However, the official name...
- Catalina Cirer - 2003 - Minister of Public WorksMinister of Public Works (Spain)The Ministry of Public Works and Transport is the government ministry in Spain responsible for preparation and implementation of government policy on land transport infrastructure, air and maritime jurisdiction of state and control, management and regulation of administrative services transport,...
- Magdalena ÁlvarezMagdalena ÁlvarezMagdalena Álvarez Arza Is Spanish Politician, who from 2004 to 2009 served as Minister of Public Works . She was born in San Fernando, in the Province of Cádiz, on 15 February 1952. She is an MP for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party for Málaga Province...
- 2004 - Minister of Presidency - María Teresa Fernández de la VegaMaría Teresa Fernández de la VegaMaría Teresa Fernández de la Vega Sanz, LLD is a Spanish Valencian Socialist politician. From 18 April 2004 to 20 October 2010, she was the First Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Presidency and Cabinet Spokesperson in the government of Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero...
- 2004 - Minister of Housing - María Antonia TrujilloMaría Antonia TrujilloMaría Antonia Trujillo Rincón is a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politician.She was born in Peraleda del Zaucejo, Badajoz. After being counsellor in Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra's cabinet from 1999 to 2004, she was the minister of Housing during the first part of José Luis Rodríguez...
- 2004 - First Vice President of the GovernmentFirst Vice President of the Government (Spain)The First Vice President of the Government of Spain , usually known in English as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Spain, is the second in command to the Prime Minister of Spain, filling in for him when he is absent or incapable of exercising his power. The person for the post is usually...
- María Teresa Fernández de la VegaMaría Teresa Fernández de la VegaMaría Teresa Fernández de la Vega Sanz, LLD is a Spanish Valencian Socialist politician. From 18 April 2004 to 20 October 2010, she was the First Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Presidency and Cabinet Spokesperson in the government of Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero...
- 2004 - Minister of Defense - Carme ChacónCarme ChacónCarme Chacón Piqueras is a Spanish politician who is currently serving as Minister of Defence in the cabinet led by Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. She is married and gave birth to her first child, a son named Miquel on 19 May 2008....
- 2008 - Minister of Science and Innovation - Cristina GarmendiaCristina GarmendiaDr. Cristina Garmendia y Mendizábal is a Spanish businesswoman and politician, who is currently serving as Minister of Science and Innovation....
- 2008 - Minister of Equality - Bibiana AídoBibiana AídoBibiana Aído Almagro is a Spanish politician who served as Minister for Equality. She became minister for this new department on April 14, 2008, at the beginning of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's second term as Prime Minister of Spain....
- 2008 - Mayoress of AlicanteAlicanteAlicante or Alacant is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of Alacantí, in the south of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,418, estimated , ranking as the second-largest...
- Sonia CastedoSonia CastedoSonia Castedo Ramos is a Spanish politician and the current mayor of Alicante.Sonia was born in Ribadeo, Galicia in 1971, and has been living in Alicante since her childhood. She graduated from the University of Alicante with a degree in Sociology....
- 2008 - Minister of Economy - Elena SalgadoElena SalgadoElena Salgado Méndez is a Spanish politician currently serving as the First Vice President and Minister of Economy and Finance of Spain, in the government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero...
- 2009
SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
: Ingeborg of NorwayIngeborg of NorwayIngeborg of Norway , was a Norwegian and by marriage Swedish princess and royal duchess with a position in the regency governments in Norway and Sweden...
- 1319 - Monarch - Margaret IMargaret I of DenmarkMargaret I was Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Although she acted as queen regnant, the laws of contemporary Danish succession denied her formal queenship. Her title in Denmark was derived from her...
- 1389 - Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred - Sigrid StureSigrid StureSigrid Svantesdotter Sture , was a Swedish noble, Governor of Stranda Hundred from 1577 to 1613....
- 1577 - Member of the Executive Committee of a Political party - Kata DalströmKata DalströmKatarina "Kata" Dalström , born Anna Maria Katarina Carlberg in a wealthy upper-class family, became one of Sweden’s leading socialist agitators and leftist writers of her time...
- 1900 - Chairperson of the Women's trades union - Anna SterkyAnna SterkyAne Catherine "Anna" Sterky, née Nielsen Danish-Swedish politician , trade union organiser, feminist and editor.Sterky worked as a seamstress in Denmark, were she was active in the Danish trade union movement...
- 1902 - Member of the City Council of Stockholm - Gertrud MånssonGertrud MånssonGertrud Månsson , was a Swedish municipal politician . She was the first female member in the Stockholm City Council, and also the first elected female politician of her country as a whole ....
- 1910 - Member of a City CounsilMunicipal assembly (Sweden)A municipal assembly is the decision-making body governing each of the 290 municipalities of Sweden. Though the Swedish Local Government Act uses the term "municipal assembly" in the English translation of the Act, "municipal council" and even "city council" are used as well, even in official...
- Hanna LindbergHanna LindbergHanna Lindberg was a Swedish Municipal Politician , feminist and milliner. She was the first woman in the Örebro city municipal council...
- 1910 - Member of the legislative assembly - Emilia BrooméEmilia BrooméEmilia Augusta Clementina Broomé, née Lothigius , was a Swedish politician , feminist and peace activist. She was the first woman in the Swedish legislative assembly ....
- 1914 - Member of ParliamentParliament of SwedenThe Riksdag is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The riksdag is a unicameral assembly with 349 members , who are elected on a proportional basis to serve fixed terms of four years...
(lower houseLower houseA lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
) - Elisabeth TammElisabeth TammElisabeth Tamm known in the parliament as Tamm i Fogelstad was a Swedish Politician and feminist....
, Agda ÖstlundAgda ÖstlundAgda Östlund , was a Swedish seamstress and Politician of the Social Democrats. She belonged to the first women to have been elected to the Swedish parliament....
, Nelly Thüring and Bertha WellinBertha WellinBertha Wellin , was a Swedish Politician and nurse. She belonged to the first women to have been elected in to the Swedish parliament....
- 1921 - Member of ParliamentParliament of SwedenThe Riksdag is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The riksdag is a unicameral assembly with 349 members , who are elected on a proportional basis to serve fixed terms of four years...
(upper houseUpper houseAn upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
) - Kerstin HesselgrenKerstin HesselgrenKerstin Hesselgren was a Swedish politician.Kerstin Hesselgren became the first woman to be elected in to the Swedish parliament after the female suffrage in 1921. She was elected by suggestion of the Liberals with support from the Social democrats.- Biography :Hesselgren was born at Torsåker,...
- 1921 - Minister without portfolioMinister without PortfolioA minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry...
- Karin Kock-LindbergKarin Kock-LindbergKarin Kock-Lindberg, née Kock , Swedish politician and professor of economics. In 1947 she became the first woman to hold a Ministerial position in Sweden. She was also the first female professor of national economy of her country...
- 1947 - Minister for Public Housekeeping - Karin Kock-LindbergKarin Kock-LindbergKarin Kock-Lindberg, née Kock , Swedish politician and professor of economics. In 1947 she became the first woman to hold a Ministerial position in Sweden. She was also the first female professor of national economy of her country...
- 1948 - Minister of Family, Consumption, Aid and Immigration - Ulla LindströmUlla LindströmUlla Gunilla Lindström, née Wohlin , was a Swedish journalist and Politician . She was Minister of Family- Consumption- Aid and Immigration...
- 1954 - Acting Prime Minister - Ulla LindströmUlla LindströmUlla Gunilla Lindström, née Wohlin , was a Swedish journalist and Politician . She was Minister of Family- Consumption- Aid and Immigration...
- 1958 - Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations - Agda RösselAgda RösselAgda Viola Rössel, née Jäderström was a Swedish politician . She was Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations in 1958-1964 and was as such the first of her gender to have been permanently placed in a superior position within the United nations organisation.-Sources:...
- 1958 - Chairperson of City CounsilMunicipal assembly (Sweden)A municipal assembly is the decision-making body governing each of the 290 municipalities of Sweden. Though the Swedish Local Government Act uses the term "municipal assembly" in the English translation of the Act, "municipal council" and even "city council" are used as well, even in official...
- Blenda Ljungberg - 1959 - Municipal commissionerMunicipal CommissionerMunicipal Commissioner is an office and political title in the municipalities of Sweden for councillors with executive responsibilities. The Commissioners are the only full-time employed office-holders outside the municipal civil service...
- Ella Tengbom-Velander - 1967 - Supreme Court JudgeSupreme Court of SwedenThe Supreme Court of Sweden is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Sweden. Before a case can be decided by the Supreme Court, leave to appeal must be obtained, and with few exceptions, leave to appeal can be granted only when the case is of...
- Ingrid Gärde Widemar - 1968 - County governor - Camilla Odhnoff - 1974
- Minister for Foreign AffairsMinister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)The Minister for Foreign Affairs is the foreign minister of Sweden and the head of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.The office was instituted in 1809 as a result of the constitutional Instrument of Government promulgated in the same year. Until 1876 the office was called Prime Minister for Foreign...
- Karin SöderKarin SöderKarin Anne Sofie Söder is a Swedish Centre politician. She was the first woman in Sweden to be elected the leader of a major political party. She headed the Swedish Centre Party from 1985 to 1987. She was also one of the first female foreign ministers in the world.-Biography:Söder was born in...
- 1976 - Minister for Health and Social Affairs - Karin Söder - 1979
- Minister for Education - Lena Hjelm-WallénLena Hjelm-WallénLena Birgitta Hjelm-Wallén is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. 1968 became Hjelm-Wallén a member of the Swedish Parliament and she held several cabinet positions. Starting in 1974 as the youngest minister to that date...
- 1982 - Minister for Employment - Anna-Greta LeijonAnna-Greta LeijonAnna-Greta Leijon is a former Swedish social democratic politician.She was Minister of Justice from 1987 to 1988, and was forced to step down when the Ebbe Carlsson affair exploded.She has been the chairman of the Swedish Television SVT....
- 1982 - Party leaderParty leaderIn politics, the party leader is the most powerful official within a political party.The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, he or she will take a leading role in developing and communicating party policy, especially election...
of major political party - Karin Söder - 1985 - Minister for JusticeMinister for Justice (Sweden)The Minister for Justice is the justice minister of Sweden and head of the Ministry of Justice. The current Minister for Justice is Beatrice Ask of the Moderate Party....
- Anna-Greta Leijon - 1987 - Minister for the Environment - Birgitta DahlBirgitta DahlRut Birgitta Dahl is a Swedish former politician of the Social Democratic Party.- Education and career :Birgitta Dahl was born in Råda, Härryda Municipality, Västra Götaland County. She earned a B.A. at Uppsala University in 1960. During her studies she was politically active in the Uppsala...
- 1987 - Speaker of the Parliament - Ingegerd TroedssonIngegerd TroedssonIngegerd Troedsson is a former Swedish Moderate Party politician. She served as the first female Speaker of the Riksdag.She was born in Vaxholm and was elected to the Riksdag in 1974. She had a junior role in the first non-socialist government of 1976...
- 1991 - Minister for FinanceMinister for Finance (Sweden)The Minister for Finance of Sweden, officially Cabinet Minister and Head of the Ministry of Finance , is a member of the Swedish cabinet and head of the Ministry of Finance. It is often considered the most powerful office in Swedish politics after the Prime Minister.- List of officeholders :...
- Anne WibbleAnne WibbleAnne Wibble was a Swedish politician . From 1991 to 1994 she served as Minister for Finance. She was the daughter of Bertil Ohlin, a Nobel laureate....
- 1991 - Minister for Culture - Birgit FriggeboBirgit FriggeboBirgit Irma Gunborg Friggebo is a Swedish politician and member of the Liberal People's Party. Born in Falköping, she married economics professor Bo Södersten in 1997....
- 1991 - Deputy Prime MinisterDeputy Prime Minister of SwedenThe Swedish constitution allows the Prime Minister to appoint one of the Ministers in the cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister , in case the Prime Minister for some reason is prevented from performing his or her duties...
- Mona SahlinMona SahlinMona Ingeborg Sahlin is a Swedish politician and the former leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.Sahlin has been a Member of Parliament, representing Stockholm County, from 1982 to 1996 and again since 2002. She has also held various ministerial posts in the Swedish government from 1990...
- 1994 - Minister for Agriculture - Margareta WinbergMargareta WinbergGun Margareta Winberg is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. Winberg held various ministerial posts in the Third cabinet of Ingvar Carlsson and Cabinet of Göran Persson from 1994 to 2003, and was Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden from 2002 to 2003...
- 1994 - Minister for Defence - Leni BjörklundLeni BjörklundLeni Christina Elisabeth Björklund is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. She served as Minister for Defence from 2002 to 2006.Leni Björklund grew up in Örebro. She graduated from Uppsala University with a B.A...
- 2002 - Mayor of Stockholm - Annika BillströmAnnika BillströmAnnika Billström is a Swedish social democratic politician. She was the first female mayor of Stockholm between 2002 and 2006.-Background:...
- 2002
SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
- Member of a citizens' council - Trudy Späth-SchweizerTrudy Späth-SchweizerGertrud Späth-Schweizer was the first woman to hold a political office in Switzerland after she was elected to the Bürgerrat, the executive council of the Bürgergemeinde, of Riehen in 1958....
- 1958 - President of a Cantonal Parliament (of GenevaCanton of GenevaThe Republic and Canton of Geneva is the French speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland, surrounded on almost all sides by France. As is the case in several other Swiss cantons The Republic and Canton of Geneva is the French speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland,...
) - Emma Kammacher - 1965 - Member of the Swiss Council of StatesSwiss Council of StatesThe Council of States of Switzerland is the smaller chamber of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, and is considered the Assembly's upper house. There are 46 Councillors....
- Lise Girardin - 1971 - Member of the Swiss National Council - Nelly WickyNelly WickyNelly Wicky is a Swiss politician of the Swiss Labour Party and former member of the Swiss National Council . Elected shortly after the introduction of women's suffrage, she was one of the first women in the National Council....
, Lilian UchtenhagenLilian UchtenhagenLilian Uchtenhagen is a Swiss economist and politician.Uchtenhagen, a resident of the Canton of Zürich and the wife of Ambros Uchtenhagen, a Swiss psychiatrist, had served on a Zürich retail chain's board of directors and served as the President of the Finance Commission in the Federal Assembly of...
, Hanny Thalmann, Liselotte Spreng, Hanna Sahlfeld, Martha Ribi, Gabrielle Nanchen, Josi MeierJosi Meier"Josi" Josephine Johanna Meier was one of the first women in the Swiss Parliament and had been called the "Grand Old Lady" of Swiss politics. She served as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. She was the first woman President of the Swiss Council of States....
, Hedi LangHedi LangHedi Lang was a Swiss politician, the first woman elected to a cantonal executive in Switzerland and second woman to preside the Swiss National Council . She was a member of the Social Democratic Party.- External links :*...
, Tilo FreyTilo FreyTilo Frey was a Swiss politician.Frey was the daughter of a Swiss father, Paul Frey of Brugg, and a Fula mother, Fatimatou Bibabadama....
, Elisabeth Blunschy - 1971 - (Substitute) Judge of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court - Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger - 1972
- President of the Swiss National Council - Elisabeth Blunschy - 1977
- Member of a Cantonal Executive (of ZurichCanton of ZürichThe Canton of Zurich has a population of . The canton is located in the northeast of Switzerland and the city of Zurich is its capital. The official language is German, but people speak the local Swiss German dialect called Züritüütsch...
) - Hedi LangHedi LangHedi Lang was a Swiss politician, the first woman elected to a cantonal executive in Switzerland and second woman to preside the Swiss National Council . She was a member of the Social Democratic Party.- External links :*...
- 1983 - Member of the Swiss Federal Council - Elisabeth KoppElisabeth KoppElisabeth Kopp is a Swiss politician and the first woman elected to the Swiss Federal Council .Elisabeth Kopp grew up in Bern. After finishing her law studies in 1960 she married Hans W. Kopp...
- 1984 - Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation - Elisabeth KoppElisabeth KoppElisabeth Kopp is a Swiss politician and the first woman elected to the Swiss Federal Council .Elisabeth Kopp grew up in Bern. After finishing her law studies in 1960 she married Hans W. Kopp...
- 1989 - President of the Swiss Council of States - Josi MeierJosi Meier"Josi" Josephine Johanna Meier was one of the first women in the Swiss Parliament and had been called the "Grand Old Lady" of Swiss politics. She served as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. She was the first woman President of the Swiss Council of States....
- 1991 - President of the Swiss Confederation - Ruth DreifussRuth DreifussRuth Dreifuss is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva)....
- 1999 - LandammannLandammannLandammann or Landaman, plural -männer, was the German title, meaning 'Amtmann of the land', used by the chief magistrate in certain Cantons of Switzerland and at times featured in the Head of state's style at the confederal level....
of UriCanton of UriUri is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and a founding member of the Swiss Confederation. It is located in Central Switzerland. The canton's territory covers the valley of the Reuss River between Lake Lucerne and the St. Gotthard Pass. German is the primary language spoken in Uri...
- Gabi Huber - 2002 - Foreign minister and President of the Confederation (for 2007) - Micheline Calmy-ReyMicheline Calmy-ReyMicheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey is the President of the Confederation in Switzerland, head of government. She is also Switzerland's foreign minister as head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. She has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2003, and was President of the...
- since 2003 - LandammannLandammannLandammann or Landaman, plural -männer, was the German title, meaning 'Amtmann of the land', used by the chief magistrate in certain Cantons of Switzerland and at times featured in the Head of state's style at the confederal level....
of NidwaldenNidwaldenNidwalden is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. The population is 40,287 of which 4,046 are foreigners. The capital is Stans.-History:...
- Lisbeth Gabriel - 2005 - Economics minister and President of the Confederation (for 2010) - Doris LeuthardDoris LeuthardDoris Leuthard is a Swiss politician and lawyer. Since 1 August 2006, she has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council. From 1 August 2006 till 31 October 2010 she was head of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs...
- since 2006 - Justice ministerJustice MinisterA justice ministry is a ministry or other government agency charged with justice. The ministry is often headed by a minister for justice or secretary of justice or secretary for justice; sometimes the head of a department of justice is entitled attorney general.Specific duties may relate to...
- Eveline Widmer-SchlumpfEveline Widmer-SchlumpfEveline Widmer-Schlumpf is a Swiss lawyer, politician, and member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2008. She is currently the head of the Federal Department of Finance ....
- since 2008 - LandammannLandammannLandammann or Landaman, plural -männer, was the German title, meaning 'Amtmann of the land', used by the chief magistrate in certain Cantons of Switzerland and at times featured in the Head of state's style at the confederal level....
of GlarusCanton of GlarusThe Canton of Glarus is a canton in east central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.The population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.The majority of the population identifies as Christian, about evenly split between the Protestant and Catholic confessions.-History:According to legend, the...
- Marianne Dürst - since 2008 - Member of the Conseil d'EtatConseil d'Etat (Switzerland)In Switzerland, Conseil d'Etat is the name of the council constituting the cantonal government of French-speaking cantons. It is not to be confused with the Conseil des États which is a chamber of the Swiss parliament....
of the canton of ValaisValaisThe Valais is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps. The canton is one of the drier parts of Switzerland in its central Rhône valley...
- Esther Waeber Kalbermatten - since 2009
TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Kösem Sultan - 1623 - Minister of Labor Relations - Dr. Imren Aykut - 1987
- Prime MinisterPrime Minister of TurkeyThe Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
- Tansu ÇillerTansu ÇillerTansu Penbe Çiller is a Turkish economist and politician. She was Turkey's first and only female Prime Minister.- Early career :She is the daughter of a Turkish governor of Bilecik province during the 1950s. She graduated from the School of Economics at Robert College after finishing the American...
- 1993 - Minister of Internal Affairs - Dr. Meral AkşenerMeral Akşener-Biography:Akşener was born in İzmit in 1956 and she was educated at Istanbul University. Her post graduate work was at Marmara University Social Sciences Institution. She then worked on the faculties of a number of universities before entering politics....
- 1995 - Foreign minister - Tansu ÇillerTansu ÇillerTansu Penbe Çiller is a Turkish economist and politician. She was Turkey's first and only female Prime Minister.- Early career :She is the daughter of a Turkish governor of Bilecik province during the 1950s. She graduated from the School of Economics at Robert College after finishing the American...
- 1996
UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
- Prime MinisterPrime Minister of UkraineThe Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine's head of government presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government....
- Yulia TymoshenkoYulia TymoshenkoYulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko , née Grigyan , born 27 November 1960, is a Ukrainian politician. She was the Prime Minister of Ukraine from 24 January to 8 September 2005, and again from 18 December 2007 to 4 March 2010. She placed third in Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful...
- 2005 - Minister of Labor and Social Policy - Lyudmila DenysovaLyudmila DenysovaLyudmyla Leontiivna Denisova is a Ukrainian politician and former Minister of Labour and Social Policy in the government of Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko.-Biography:...
- 2007
United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
- Monarch - Queen AnneAnne of Great BritainAnne ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. On 1 May 1707, under the Act of Union, two of her realms, England and Scotland, were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.Anne's Catholic father, James II and VII, was deposed during the...
- 1701 - Member of ParliamentBritish House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
(elected) - Constance Markievicz - 1918 - Member of ParliamentBritish House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
(who took her seat) - Nancy Astor - 1919 - Minister of LabourSecretary of State for EmploymentThe Secretary of State for Employment was a position in the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. In 1995 it was merged with Secretary of State for Education to make the Secretary of State for Education and Employment...
- Margaret BondfieldMargaret BondfieldMargaret Grace Bondfield was an English Labour politician and feminist, the first woman Cabinet minister in the United Kingdom and one of the first three female Labour MPs...
- 1929 - Minister for EducationSecretary of State for Education and SkillsThe Secretary of State for Education is the chief minister of the Department for Education in the United Kingdom government. The position was re-established on 12 May 2010, held by Michael Gove....
- Ellen WilkinsonEllen WilkinsonEllen Cicely Wilkinson was the Labour Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough and later for Jarrow on Tyneside. She was one of the first women in Britain to be elected as a Member of Parliament .- History :...
- 1945 - Minister of Pensions and National Insurance - Margaret HerbisonMargaret HerbisonMargaret McCrorie Herbison was a Scottish Labour politician.Educated at Bellshill Academy and the University of Glasgow, her early career was spent as a teacher of English and history and as an economics lecturer for the National Council of Labour Colleges. The daughter of a miner, she would later...
- 1964 - Minister of Overseas DevelopmentSecretary of State for International DevelopmentIn the United Kingdom, the Secretary of State for International Development is a Cabinet minister responsible for the Department for International Development and for promoting development overseas, particularly in the third world...
- Barbara CastleBarbara CastleBarbara Anne Castle, Baroness Castle of Blackburn , PC, GCOT was a British Labour Party politician....
- 1964 - Minister for TransportSecretary of State for TransportThe Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport. The role has had a high turnover as new appointments are blamed for the failures of decades of their predecessors...
- Barbara CastleBarbara CastleBarbara Anne Castle, Baroness Castle of Blackburn , PC, GCOT was a British Labour Party politician....
- 1965 - First Secretary of StateDeputy Prime Minister of the United KingdomThe Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a senior member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. The office of the Deputy Prime Minister is not a permanent position, existing only at the discretion of the Prime Minister, who may appoint to other offices...
- Barbara CastleBarbara CastleBarbara Anne Castle, Baroness Castle of Blackburn , PC, GCOT was a British Labour Party politician....
- 1968 - Secretary of State for Social Services (Health)Secretary of State for HealthSecretary of State for Health is a UK cabinet position responsible for the Department of Health.The first Boards of Health were created by Orders in Council dated 21 June, 14 November, and 21 November 1831. In 1848 a General Board of Health was created with the First Commissioner of Woods and...
- Barbara CastleBarbara CastleBarbara Anne Castle, Baroness Castle of Blackburn , PC, GCOT was a British Labour Party politician....
- 1974 - Leader of the OppositionLeader of the Opposition (UK)The Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the United Kingdom. There is also a Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords...
- Margaret ThatcherMargaret ThatcherMargaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
- 1975 - Prime MinisterPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
- Margaret ThatcherMargaret ThatcherMargaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
- 1979 - Leader of the House of LordsLeader of the House of LordsThe Leader of the House of Lords is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Lords. The role is always held in combination with a formal Cabinet position, usually one of the sinecure offices of Lord President of the Council,...
- Janet Young, Baroness YoungJanet Young, Baroness YoungJanet Mary Baker Young, Baroness Young PC , was a British Conservative politician. She served as the first ever female Leader of the House of Lords from 1981 to 1983, first as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and from 1982 as Lord Privy Seal...
- 1981 - Speaker of the House of CommonsSpeaker of the British House of CommonsThe Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, the United Kingdom's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is John Bercow, who was elected on 22 June 2009, following the resignation of Michael Martin...
- Betty BoothroydBetty BoothroydBetty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd, OM, PC is a British politician, who served as Member of Parliament for West Bromwich and West Bromwich West from 1973 to 2000, initially for the Labour Party and, from 1992 to 2000, as Speaker of the House of Commons...
- 1992 - Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and FoodMinister of Agriculture, Fisheries and FoodThe Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food was a UK cabinet position, responsible for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The post was originally named President of the Board of Agriculture and was created in 1889...
- Gillian ShephardGillian ShephardGillian Patricia Shephard, Baroness Shephard of Northwold, PC , née Watts, is an English Conservative politician; she was the Member of Parliament for South West Norfolk, and a former Cabinet Minister and is now Chairman of the Association of Conservative Peers.-Early life and career:The daughter...
- 1993 - Secretary of State for National HeritageSecretary of State for Culture, Media and SportThe Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport is a United Kingdom cabinet position with responsibility for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The role was created in 1992 by John Major as Secretary of State for National Heritage...
(later Culture, Media and Sport) - Virginia BottomleyVirginia BottomleyVirginia Bottomley, Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone, PC, DL is a British Conservative Party politician. She was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons from 1984 to 2005. She was raised to the peerage in 2005...
- 1995 - Secretary of State for Northern IrelandSecretary of State for Northern IrelandThe Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, informally the Northern Ireland Secretary, is the principal secretary of state in the government of the United Kingdom with responsibilities for Northern Ireland. The Secretary of State is a Minister of the Crown who is accountable to the Parliament of...
- Mo MowlamMo MowlamMarjorie "Mo" Mowlam was a British Labour Party politician. She was the Member of Parliament for Redcar from 1987 to 2001 and served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.Mowlam's time as Northern...
- 1997 - President of the Board of Trade - Margaret BeckettMargaret BeckettMargaret Mary Beckett is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Derby South since 1983, rising to become the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party under John Smith, from 18 July 1992 to 12 May 1994, and briefly serving as Leader of the Party following Smith's death...
- 1997 - Leader of the House of CommonsLeader of the House of CommonsThe Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons...
- Ann TaylorAnn Taylor, Baroness Taylor of BoltonWinifred Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton, PC is a British Labour Party politician, who was Minister for International Defence and Security, based at both the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, from October 2008 until 11 May 2010.-Member of Parliament:Taylor was the...
- 1997 - Chief WhipChief WhipThe Chief Whip is a political office in some legislatures assigned to an elected member whose task is to administer the whipping system that ensures that members of the party attend and vote as the party leadership desires.-The Whips Office:...
- Ann TaylorAnn Taylor, Baroness Taylor of BoltonWinifred Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton, PC is a British Labour Party politician, who was Minister for International Defence and Security, based at both the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, from October 2008 until 11 May 2010.-Member of Parliament:Taylor was the...
- 1998 - Solicitor General for England and WalesSolicitor General for England and WalesHer Majesty's Solicitor General for England and Wales, often known as the Solicitor General, is one of the Law Officers of the Crown, and the deputy of the Attorney General, whose duty is to advise the Crown and Cabinet on the law...
- Harriet HarmanHarriet HarmanHarriet Ruth Harman QC is a British Labour Party politician, who is the Member of Parliament for Camberwell and Peckham, and was MP for the predecessorPeckham constituency from 1982 to 1997...
- 2001 - Secretary of State for ScotlandSecretary of State for ScotlandThe Secretary of State for Scotland is the principal minister of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom with responsibilities for Scotland. He heads the Scotland Office , a government department based in London and Edinburgh. The post was created soon after the Union of the Crowns, but was...
- Helen LiddellHelen LiddellHelen Lawrie Liddell, Baroness Liddell of Coatdyke is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Monklands East from 1994 to 1997, and then for Airdrie and Shotts until 2005, whereafter she became the British High Commissioner to Australia until 2009...
- 2001 - Foreign SecretarySecretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth AffairsThe Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a senior member of Her Majesty's Government heading the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and regarded as one of the Great Offices of State...
- Margaret BeckettMargaret BeckettMargaret Mary Beckett is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Derby South since 1983, rising to become the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party under John Smith, from 18 July 1992 to 12 May 1994, and briefly serving as Leader of the Party following Smith's death...
- 2006 - Home SecretaryHome SecretaryThe Secretary of State for the Home Department, commonly known as the Home Secretary, is the minister in charge of the Home Office of the United Kingdom, and one of the country's four Great Offices of State...
- Jacqui SmithJacqui SmithJacqueline Jill "Jacqui" Smith is a member of the British Labour Party. She served as the Member of Parliament for Redditch from 1997 until 2010 and was the first ever female Home Secretary, thus making her the third woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State — after Margaret Thatcher and...
- 2007 - Attorney GeneralAttorney General for England and WalesHer Majesty's Attorney General for England and Wales, usually known simply as the Attorney General, is one of the Law Officers of the Crown. Along with the subordinate Solicitor General for England and Wales, the Attorney General serves as the chief legal adviser of the Crown and its government in...
- Baroness Scotland - 2007 - Welsh Secretary - Cheryl GillanCheryl GillanCheryl Elise Kendall Gillan is a British Conservative Party politician. She is currently the Secretary of State for Wales, and the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Chesham and Amersham in Buckinghamshire....
- 2010
EnglandEnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
- RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Edith of ScotlandEdith of ScotlandMatilda of Scotland , born Edith, was the first wife and Queen consort of Henry I of England.-Early life:Matilda was born around 1080 in Dunfermline, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret. She was christened Edith, and Robert Curthose stood as godfather at the ceremony...
- 1100s - MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Queen Mary IMary I of EnglandMary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...
- 1553
Northern IrelandNorthern IrelandNorthern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
- Health Minister of Northern IrelandDepartment of Health, Social Services and Public SafetyThe Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety is a devolved Northern Ireland government department in the Northern Ireland Executive...
- Bairbre de BrúnBairbre de BrúnBairbre de Brún is an Irish politician and Member of the European Parliament, representing Northern Ireland.- Political work :...
- 1999
ScotlandScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
- MonarchMonarchA monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
- Margaret I of Scotland - 1286 - RegentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
- Joan Beaufort, Queen of ScotlandJoan Beaufort, Queen of ScotlandJoan Beaufort was the Queen Consort of Scotland from 1424 to 1437 as the spouse of King James I of Scotland. During part of the minority of her son James II , she served as the Regent of Scotland....
- 1437 - Solicitor General for ScotlandSolicitor General for ScotlandHer Majesty's Solicitor General for Scotland is one of the Law Officers of the Crown, and the deputy of the Lord Advocate, whose duty is to advise the Crown and the Scottish Government on Scots Law...
- Elish Angiolini - 2001 - Lord AdvocateLord AdvocateHer Majesty's Advocate , known as the Lord Advocate , is the chief legal officer of the Scottish Government and the Crown in Scotland for both civil and criminal matters that fall within the devolved powers of the Scottish Parliament...
- Elish Angiolini - 2006 - Deputy First MinisterDeputy First Minister of ScotlandThe Deputy First Minister of Scotland is the deputy to the First Minister of Scotland.The post is not recognised in statute , and its holder is simply an ordinary member of the Scottish Government...
- Nicola SturgeonNicola SturgeonNicola Sturgeon is the Deputy First Minister of Scotland, Cabinet Secretary for Health, Wellbeing and Cities Strategy, Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party and Member for Glasgow Southside....
- 2007 - Foreign Minister - Linda FabianiLinda FabianiLinda Fabiani is a Scots-Italian politician. A member of the Scottish National Party . She is the Member of the Scottish Parliament for East Kilbride....
- 2007
WalesWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
- Deputy First Minister for WalesDeputy First Minister for WalesThe Deputy First Minister for Wales can be the deputy leader of the Welsh Government, the devolved administration for Wales. The post was created October 2000 when Mike German of the Welsh Liberal Democrats was appointed Deputy First Minister as part of a coalition government with Welsh Labour...
- Jenny Randerson - 2001
Vatican CityVatican CityVatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
- Vice Minister - Sister Enrica Rosanna - 2004
YugoslaviaYugoslaviaYugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
- President of the Federal Chamber - Stana Tomasevic Arnesen - 1979
- President of the Federal Executive Council (Prime Minister) - Milka PlanincMilka PlanincMilka Planinc was an ethnic Croatian Yugoslav politician. She served as a Prime Minister of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1982 to 1986. She was the first female head of government in the history of real socialism...
- 1982
See also
- List of women heads of state
- List of the first LGBT holders of political offices