This is a list of known pirates, buccaneer

Buccaneer

The buccaneers were privateers who attacked Spanish shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the late 17th century.The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate...

s, corsair

Corsair

Corsairs were privateers, authorized to conduct raids on shipping of a nation at war with France, on behalf of the French Crown. Seized vessels and cargo were sold at auction, with the corsair captain entitled to a portion of the proceeds...

s, privateer

Privateer

A privateer is a private person or ship authorized by a government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping during wartime. Privateering was a way of mobilizing armed ships and sailors without having to spend public money or commit naval officers...

s, river pirates

Piracy

Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator...

, and others involved in piracy

Piracy

Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator...

 and piracy-related activities. This list includes both captains and prominent crew members. For a list of female pirates, see women in piracy

Women in piracy

While piracy was predominantly a male activity or occupation, a significant minority of historical pirates have been female. Female pirates, like other women in crime, faced unique issues in practicing this occupation and in punishment for it....

.

Ancient World

Name	Life	Years active	Country of origin	Comments
Anicetus Anicetus (Pontus) Anicetus was the leader of an unsuccessful anti-Roman uprising in Polemonia in 69. Formerly a freedman of King Polemon II of Pontus, Anicetus commanded the royal fleet until Pontus was converted into a Roman province under Emperor Nero in 63...	d. 69		Pontus Pontus Pontus or Pontos is a historical Greek designation for a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea, located in modern-day northeastern Turkey. The name was applied to the coastal region in antiquity by the Greeks who colonized the area, and derived from the Greek name of the Black Sea: Πόντος...  (Hellenic)	Was the leader of an unsuccessful anti-Roman uprising in Pontus in AD 69.
Demetrius of Pharos Demetrius of Pharos Demetrius of Pharos was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a Client king....	d. 214 BC		Pharos (Hellenic)	His actions precipitated the Second Illyrian War Illyrian Wars Illyrian Wars were a set of conflicts of 229 BC, 219 BC and 168 BC when Rome overran the Illyrian settlements and suppressed the piracy that had made the Adriatic unsafe for Italian commerce. There were three campaigns, the first against Teuta, the second against Demetrius of Pharos and the third... .
Dionysius the Phocaean Dionysius the Phocaean Dionysius the Phocaean or Dionysius of Phocaea was a Phocaean admiral of Ancient Greece during the Persian Wars of 5th century BC, and was the commander of the Ionian fleet at the Battle of Lade in 494 BC...		494 BC	Greece	Phocaean admiral active against Carthaginian and Tyrsenian merchants in the years following the Greco–Persian Wars.
Gan Ning Gan Ning Gan Ning was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was born in Linjiang, Ba Commandery .-Early life as a pirate:...	175–218	190–197	China China Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...	His party carried bells as their trademark causing the commoners to be afraid when they heard the bells.
Genthus of Illyria	First century BC		Illyria Illyria In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....	Was accused by the Romans of organizing and aiding pirate raids in Italy.
Glauketas		315–300 BC		Greek inscriptions of the Athenian navy raiding his base on Kynthnos Island and capturing he and his men "making the sea safe for those that sailed thereon."
Sextus Pompeius Sextus Pompeius Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius, in English Sextus Pompey , was a Roman general from the late Republic . He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate...	d. 35 BC		Rome Rome Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...	He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Octavius , Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic... .

Middle Ages

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Giorgio Adorno	d. 1558		Malta Malta Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...	Knight of Malta Knights Hospitaller The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta , also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Roman Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalrous, noble nature. It is the world's...  active in the Mediterranean. Originally from Naples Naples Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples... , he was elected "Captain-General of the Galleys" in 1547, 1549, 1557 and 1558.
	1516–1576	1540s	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	An English privateer. Raided Spanish ports with James Logan and William Cooke.
William Aleyn William Aleyn William Aleyn was a 15th century English pirate. During the 1430s and 40s, he raided shipping throughout Southeast England and sometimes worked with William Kyd in the Thames and the English Channel...	fl. 1448	1440s	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	English pirate active in the Thames and English Channel English Channel The English Channel , often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest to in the Strait of Dover... . Associate of William Kyd William Kyd William Kyd was a 15th century English pirate active in Southwest England from the 1430s until the 1450s. He and others, such as John Mixtow, William Aleyn and Clays Stephen, acted under virtual immunity from the law for over two decades while under the protection of corrupt custom... .
Richard Allen	d. 1572		England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
Jean Ango Jean Ango Jean Ango was a French ship-owner who provided ships to Francis I for exploration of the globe. A native of Dieppe, Ango took over his father's import-export business, and ventured into the spice trade with Africa and India...	1480–1551		France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...	A French ship-owner who provided ships to Francis I Francis I of France Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...  for exploration of the globe.
Aruj Aruj Aruj or Arouj was the elder brother of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Ottoman Bey of Algiers and Beylerbey of the West Mediterranean...	1474–1518	1503–1518	Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	An Ottoman Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...  privateer and Bey (Governor) of Algiers and Beylerbey (Chief Governor) of the West Mediterranean.
Awilda Awilda Awilda, also known as Alwilda, was a female pirate, according to legend.Awilda was the daughter of a 5th century Scandinavian king; referred to in one source as Synardus and a "Gothic king". It is said that the King, her father, had arranged a marriage for her to Alf, the crown prince of Denmark,...	5th century		Scandinavia Scandinavia Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...	She and some of her female friends dressed like sailors and commandeered a ship.
Hayreddin Barbarossa	1478–1546	1504–1545	Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	An Ottoman privateer and later Admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades.
Baldassare Cossa (Antipope John XXIII) Antipope John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa was Pope John XXIII during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope.-Biography:...	1370–1415		Procida Procida Procida is one of the Flegrean Islands off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a comune of the province of Naples, in the region of Campania. The population is about ten...	Antipope Antipope An antipope is a person who opposes a legitimately elected or sitting Pope and makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church. At times between the 3rd and mid-15th century, antipopes were typically those supported by a...  during the Western Schism Western Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. Two men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance . The simultaneous claims to the papal chair... , John XXIII was accused of—among other crimes—piracy Piracy Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator... , incest Incest Incest is sexual intercourse between close relatives that is usually illegal in the jurisdiction where it takes place and/or is conventionally considered a taboo. The term may apply to sexual activities between: individuals of close "blood relationship"; members of the same household; step...  and sodomy Sodomy Sodomy is an anal or other copulation-like act, especially between male persons or between a man and animal, and one who practices sodomy is a "sodomite"... .
Pier Gerlofs Donia Pier Gerlofs Donia Pier Gerlofs Donia was a Frisian warrior, pirate, and rebel. He is best known by his West Frisian nickname "Grutte Pier" , or by the Dutch translations "Grote Pier" and "Lange Pier", or, in Latin, "Pierius Magnus", which referred to his legendary size and strength. His life is mostly shrouded in...	1480–1520		Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...  (Frisia Frisia Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language... )	a Frisian warrior Warrior A warrior is a person skilled in combat or warfare, especially within the context of a tribal or clan-based society that recognizes a separate warrior class.-Warrior classes in tribal culture:... , pirate, freedom fighter, folk hero Folk hero A folk hero is a type of hero, real, fictional, or mythological. The single salient characteristic which makes a character a folk hero is the imprinting of the name, personality and deeds of the character in the popular consciousness. This presence in the popular consciousness is evidenced by...  and rebel Rebellion Rebellion, uprising or insurrection, is a refusal of obedience or order. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors aimed at destroying or replacing an established authority such as a government or a head of state... .
Eric of Pomerania Eric of Pomerania Eric of Pomerania KG was King Eric III of Norway Norwegian Eirik, King Eric VII of Denmark , and as Eric King of Sweden...	1382–1459		Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...  (Pomerania Pomerania Pomerania is a historical region on the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Divided between Germany and Poland, it stretches roughly from the Recknitz River near Stralsund in the West, via the Oder River delta near Szczecin, to the mouth of the Vistula River near Gdańsk in the East... )	The first king of the Nordic Kalmar Union Kalmar Union The Kalmar Union is a historiographical term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway , and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently and with a population... , he spent his last years living on the island of Gothland and "sent forth piratical expeditions against friend and foe alike".
Eustace the Monk Eustace the Monk Eustace the Monk was a mercenary and pirate, in the tradition of medieval outlaws.-Early life:Eustace was born a younger son of Baudoin Busket, a lord of the county of Boulogne...	c. 1170–1217		France	He was a mercenary for both England and France.
Alv Erlingsson Alv Erlingsson Alv Erlingsson was a Norwegian nobleman, jarl of Sarpsborg and governor of Borgarsyssel.Alv Erlingsson was born at Tanberg in Norderhov, Buskerud. Alv Erlingsson was the son of Erling Alvsson of Tanberg and grandson of Alv Erlingsson of Tanberg...	d. 1290		Norway Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...	He was a favorite of the Queen, yet committed countless acts of piracy throughout his life
Jean Fleury (Florin) Jean Fleury Jean Fleury was a 16th century French naval officer and privateer. He is best known for the capture of two out of the three Spanish galleons carrying the Aztec treasure from Mexico to Spain in 1522...	fl. 1523	1520s	France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...	French privateer and naval officer under Jean Ango Jean Ango Jean Ango was a French ship-owner who provided ships to Francis I for exploration of the globe. A native of Dieppe, Ango took over his father's import-export business, and ventured into the spice trade with Africa and India... . Seized three Spanish ships carrying Aztec Aztec The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.Aztec is the...  treasure from Mexico to Spain in 1523.
Magnus Heinason Magnus Heinason Magnus Heinason was a Faroese naval hero, trader and privateer. He was the son of Heine Havreki, a Norwegian priest from Bergen who emigrated to the Faroe Islands and who helped introduce the Lutheran Reformation to the Faroe Islands, and Gyri Arnbjørnsdatter, Havreki's second wife from a...	1545–1589		Faroe Islands Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Scotland and Iceland. The Faroe Islands are a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark proper and Greenland...	Faroese Faroese people The Faroese or Faroe Islanders are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Faeroe Islands. The Faroese are of mixed Norse and Gaelic origins.About 21,000 Faroese live in neighbouring countries, particularly in Denmark, Iceland and Norway....  naval hero and privateer. Was executed for piracy, though charges were later dropped.
Klein Henszlein Klein Henszlein Klein Henszlein [Klaus Hanslein] was a German pirate from 1560 to 1573 who raided shipping in the North Sea until his defeat and capture by a fleet from Hamburg. Taken back to Hamburg, Henszlein and his men were paraded though the city streets before being beheaded; their heads were then impaled...	d. 1573	to 1573	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	A 16th century pirate who raided shipping in the North Sea until his defeat and capture by a fleet from Hamburg
Wijerd Jelckama Wijerd Jelckama Wijerd Jelckama was a Frisian military commander, warlord and member of the Arumer Zwarte Hoop . He was the lieutenant of Pier Gerlofs Donia and fought along his side against the Saxon and Hollandic invaders...	1490–1523		Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...  (Frisia Frisia Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language... )	The nephew of Pier Gerlofs Donia (also known as Grutte Pier), fought along his side against the Saxon Lower Saxony Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...  and Hollandic Hollandic Hollandic or Hollandish is, together with Brabantian, the most frequently used dialect of the Dutch language. Other important Low Franconian language varieties spoken in the same area are Zeelandic, East Flemish, West Flemish and Limburgish....  invaders.
William Kyd William Kyd William Kyd was a 15th century English pirate active in Southwest England from the 1430s until the 1450s. He and others, such as John Mixtow, William Aleyn and Clays Stephen, acted under virtual immunity from the law for over two decades while under the protection of corrupt custom...	fl. 1430–1453	1430s–1450s	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	English pirate active in Southwest England during the early-to-mid-15th century.
Gödeke Michels	d. 1402	to 1402	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	A German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeeler, a combination of former Vitalienbrüder
Didrik Pining Didrik Pining Didrik Pining was a German privateer, nobleman and governor of Iceland and Vardøhus. He is most notable because some have proposed that he may have landed in North America in the 1470s, almost twenty years before Columbus' voyages of discovery...	c.1430–1491		Denmark-Norway	A pirate and privateer operating in the North Sea North Sea In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively... . Often partnered with Hans Pothorst Hans Pothorst Hans Pothorst was a privateer, likely from the German city Hildesheim. He is mostly notable because some have proposed that he may have discovered America along with Didrik Pining in the 1470s, almost twenty years before Columbus.... .
Hans Pothorst Hans Pothorst Hans Pothorst was a privateer, likely from the German city Hildesheim. He is mostly notable because some have proposed that he may have discovered America along with Didrik Pining in the 1470s, almost twenty years before Columbus....	c.1440–1490		Denmark-Norway	A pirate and privateer operating in the North Sea North Sea In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively... . Often partnered with Didrik Pining Didrik Pining Didrik Pining was a German privateer, nobleman and governor of Iceland and Vardøhus. He is most notable because some have proposed that he may have landed in North America in the 1470s, almost twenty years before Columbus' voyages of discovery... .
Salih Reis Salih Reis Salih Reis was a Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral. He is alternatively referred to as Salah Rais, Sala Reis, Salih Rais, Salek Rais and Cale Arraez in several European resources, particularly in Spain, France and Italy.In 1529, together with Aydın Reis, he took part in the Turkish-Spanish...	1488–1568		Ottoman Empire	A Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral.
Turgut Reis Turgut Reis Turgut Reis was an Ottoman Admiral and privateer who also served as Bey of Algiers; Beylerbey of the Mediterranean; and first Bey, later Pasha, of Tripoli. Under his naval command the Ottoman Empire maritime was extended across North Africa...	1485–1565		Ottoman Empire	A Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral as well as Bey of Algiers; Beylerbey of the Mediterranean; and first Bey later Pasha of Tripoli.
Klaus Störtebeker Klaus Störtebeker Nikolaus Storzenbecher, or Klaus Störtebeker , was a leader and the best known representative of a companionship of privateers known as the Victual Brothers...	1360–1401		Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	He was a leader of the Victual Brothers Victual Brothers The Victual Brothers were a companionship of privateers who later turned to piracy. They were hired in 1392 by the Dukes of Mecklenburg to fight against Denmark, because the Danish Queen Margaret I had imprisoned Albrecht of Mecklenburg and his son in order to subdue the kingdom of Sweden... .
Kristoffer Trondson (Rustung)	c.1500–1565	c.1535–1542	Norway Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...	A Norwegian nobleman-turned pirate and privateer. Operated in the North Sea North Sea In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...  and the Baltic Sea Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and... . Gave up piracy in 1542 and eventually became admiral of the Danish Fleet.
Hennig Wichmann Hennig Wichmann Hennig Wichmann was one of the leaders of the Likedeeler, an association of former Victual Brothers who had turned pirate.Together with Klaus Störtebeker and Magister Wigbold, he wreaked havoc in the North and Baltic Sea at the end of the 14th century. They owned fast ships which were able to...	1370–1402	149?–1402	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...  (Frisia Frisia Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language... )	One of the leaders of the Likedeeler, an association of former Victual Brothers Victual Brothers The Victual Brothers were a companionship of privateers who later turned to piracy. They were hired in 1392 by the Dukes of Mecklenburg to fight against Denmark, because the Danish Queen Margaret I had imprisoned Albrecht of Mecklenburg and his son in order to subdue the kingdom of Sweden... .
Cord Widderich Cord Widderich Cord Widderich was a pirate active during political conflicts between Dithmarschen and North Frisia in the early fifteenth century. He lived during the times of Klaus Störtebeker and the Victual Brothers, but was not part of their movement.-History:North Frisia aided Holstein when it declared war...	d. 1447	1404–1447	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	A pirate active during political conflicts between Dithmarschen Dithmarschen Dithmarschen is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Rendsburg-Eckernförde, and Steinburg, by the state of Lower Saxony , and by the North Sea.-Geography:The district is located on the North Sea...  and North Frisia North Frisia North Frisia or Northern Friesland is the northernmost portion of Frisia, located primarily in Germany between the rivers Eider and Wiedau/Vidå. It includes a number of islands, e.g., Sylt, Föhr, Amrum, Nordstrand, and Heligoland.-History:...  in the early 15th century.
Magister Wigbold Magister Wigbold Magister Wigbold , also called “Master of the Seven Arts”, was a German pirate who belonged to the famous Likedeeler pirates of Klaus Störtebeker. Wighold was one of the most noted Likedeeler, along with Gödeke Michels and Störtebeker. The nickname Wigbold comes from wig and bold...	1365–1402	1392–1402	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	Often described as the brains behind the Victual Brothers Victual Brothers The Victual Brothers were a companionship of privateers who later turned to piracy. They were hired in 1392 by the Dukes of Mecklenburg to fight against Denmark, because the Danish Queen Margaret I had imprisoned Albrecht of Mecklenburg and his son in order to subdue the kingdom of Sweden... .
Wimund Wimund Wimund was a bishop who became a sea-faring war-lord adventurer in the years after 1147. His story is passed down to us by 12th-century English historian William of Newburgh in his Historia rerum anglicarum, Book I, Chapter 24 entitled "Of bishop Wimund, his life unbecoming a bishop, and how he was...	b. 1147		England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	He was a bishop who became a sea-faring war-lord adventurer.

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Corsairs: 1560–1650

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Nicholas Alvel Nicholas Alvel Nicholas Alvel was an English pirate active in the Ionian Sea during the early 17th century.-Further reading:*Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X...	early 17th century	1603	England	Active in the Ionian Sea Ionian Sea The Ionian Sea , is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania to the north, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and... .
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés was a Spanish admiral and explorer, best remembered for founding St. Augustine, Florida in 1565. This was the first successful Spanish foothold in La Florida and remained the most significant city in the region for several hundred years. St...	1519–1574	1565	Spanish	A Spanish Admiral and pirate hunter, de Aviles is remembered for his destruction of the French settlement of Fort Caroline Fort Caroline Fort Caroline was the first French colony in the present-day United States. Established in what is now Jacksonville, Florida, on June 22, 1564, under the leadership of René Goulaine de Laudonnière, it was intended as a refuge for the Huguenots. It lasted one year before being obliterated by the...  in 1565.
Samuel Axe Samuel Axe Samuel Axe was an English privateer in Dutch service during the early 17th century.Serving with English forces in the Netherlands during the Dutch War of Independence, Axe traveled to the British colony of Providence Island, in the western Caribbean Sea, where he assisted in the construction of its...	early 17th century	1629–1645	England	An English privateer in Dutch service, Axe served with English forces in the Dutch Revolt Dutch Revolt The Dutch Revolt or the Revolt of the Netherlands This article adopts 1568 as the starting date of the war, as this was the year of the first battles between armies. However, since there is a long period of Protestant vs...  against Habsburg rule.
Sir Andrew Barton Andrew Barton Sir Andrew Barton served as High Admiral of the Kingdom of Scotland. Notorious in England and Portugal as a 'pirate', Barton was a seaman who operated under the aegis of a letter of marque on behalf of the Scottish crown, and is therefore more widely described as a privateer...	1466–1511	to 1511	Scotland	Served under a Scottish letter of marque Letter of marque In the days of fighting sail, a Letter of Marque and Reprisal was a government licence authorizing a person to attack and capture enemy vessels, and bring them before admiralty courts for condemnation and sale... , but was described a pirate by English and Portuguese.
Abraham Blauvelt Abraham Blauvelt Abraham Blauvelt was a Dutch privateer and explorer mapping much of Central America in the 1630s, after whom both the Bluefield River and the neighboring town of Bluefields, Nicaragua were named....	d. 1663	1640–1663	Netherlands	One of the last Dutch corsairs of the mid-17th century, Blauvelt mapped much of South America South America South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east... .
Nathaniel Butler Nathaniel Butler Nathaniel Butler was an English privateer who later served as the colonial governor of Bermuda during the early 17th century. He had built many structures still seen in Bermuda today including many of the island's coastal fortresses and the State House, in St...	b. 1578	1639	England	Despite a comparatively unsuccessful career as a privateer, Butler was later colonial governor of Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida... .
Jan de Bouff Jan de Bouff Jan de Bouff was a Dutch renegade privateer who, during the Dutch War of Independence, entered Habsburg service and raided shipping as a Dunkirker during 1602....	early 17th century	1602	Netherlands	de Bouff served as a Dunkirker in Habsburg service during the Dutch Revolt Dutch Revolt The Dutch Revolt or the Revolt of the Netherlands This article adopts 1568 as the starting date of the war, as this was the year of the first battles between armies. However, since there is a long period of Protestant vs... .
John Callis (Calles) John Callis (pirate) John Callis was a 16th-century Welsh pirate. He was active in South Wales from Cardiff to Haverfordwest, often selling his prizes and cargo in the villages of Laugharne and Carew in Milford Haven, only a few miles south of Little Newcastle, Wales...	c. 1558–1587?	c. 1574–1587	England	Welsh pirate active along the southern coast of Wales.
Hendrik (Enrique) Brower Hendrik Brouwer Hendrik Brouwer was a Dutch explorer, admiral, and colonial administrator both in Japan and the Dutch East Indies....	1581–1643	1600, 1643	Netherlands	Brouwer was a privateer who fought the Habsburgs during the Dutch revolt, holding the city of Castro, Chile Castro, Chile Castro is a city and commune in the Chilean island of Chiloé Island. Castro is the capital of the Chiloé Province in the Los Lagos Region. It is Chile's third oldest city in continued existence...  hostage for a period of two months.
Thomas Cavendish Thomas Cavendish Sir Thomas Cavendish was an English explorer and a privateer known as "The Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in the Pacific and return by circumnavigating the globe...	1560–1592	1587–1592	England	The first man to intentionally circumnavigate the globe, Cavendish also raided numerous Spanish towns and ships in the New World.
Shirahama Kenki Shirahama Kenki Shirahama Kenki was a Japanese pirate of the late 16th-early 17th centuries, one of the first Japanese with whom the southern Vietnamese kingdom of the Nguyễn Lords made contact....	16th-early 17th centuries		Japan Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...	Japanese pirate and one of the first Japanese with whom the southern Vietnamese kingdom of the Nguyễn Lords made contact.
Matsuura Takanobu Matsuura Takanobu or Taqua Nombo was a 16th century Japanese samurai and 25th hereditary lord of the Matsuura clan of Hirado. He should not be confused with Matsuura Takanobu , the 4th daimyo of Hirado Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate....	1529–1599		Japan Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...	One of the most powerful feudal lords of Kyūshū Kyushu is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include , , and . The historical regional name is referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands....  and one of the first lords to allow trading with Europeans
Peter Love Peter Love Peter Love was an English pirate, said to have been born in Lewes, Sussex. He was the captain of the Priam, and for a time occupied a base on the island of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, when he entered into an agreement with the Hebridean outlaw Neil MacLeod. From his base of operations on Lewis,...	d.1610		England	An English pirate who set up base in the Outer Hebrides Outer Hebrides The Outer Hebrides also known as the Western Isles and the Long Island, is an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. The islands are geographically contiguous with Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland...  and was active around Ireland and Scotland. He was betrayed by the outlaw Neil MacLeod and executed in 1610.
Zheng Zhilong (Cheng Chih Lung) Zheng Zhilong Zheng Zhilong also known as Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, a native of Nan'an, Fujian, China. He was a Chinese merchant, pirate and admiral for the Ming Empire. He was the father of Zheng Chenggong , also a military leader. Under the Qing Dynasty, Zheng was elevated to the rank of Count of the Second Rank...	1604–1662	1623–1645	China	A convert to Christianity, Zhilon collaborated with Dutch forces, helping to create a monopoly on trade with Japan.
Zheng Jing (Cheng Chin) Zheng Jing Zheng Jing was a seventeenth century Chinese warlord and Ming Dynasty loyalist. He was the eldest son of Koxinga and grandson of pirate-merchant Zheng Zhilong. After the conquest of Taiwan in 1662 by his father, Zheng Jing controlled the military forces in Xiamen and Quemoy on his father's behalf...	1643–1682	1662–1682	China	Chinese pirate and warlord. The eldest son of Koxinga Koxinga Koxinga is the customary Western spelling of the popular appellation of Zheng Chenggong , a military leader who was born in 1624 in Hirado, Japan to Zheng Zhilong, a Chinese merchant/pirate, and his Japanese wife and died in 1662 on the island of Formosa .A Ming loyalist and the arch commander of...  and grandson of Zheng Zhilong Zheng Zhilong Zheng Zhilong also known as Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, a native of Nan'an, Fujian, China. He was a Chinese merchant, pirate and admiral for the Ming Empire. He was the father of Zheng Chenggong , also a military leader. Under the Qing Dynasty, Zheng was elevated to the rank of Count of the Second Rank... , he succeeded his father as ruler of Tainan and briefly occupied Fukien.
Wang Zhi Wang Zhi Wang Zhi was a Chinese pirate and trader of the 16th century, one of the chief named and known figures among the wokou prevalent at the time...	16th century	1551–1555	China	One of the chief figures amongst the wokou Wokou Wokou , which literally translates as "Japanese pirates" in English, were pirates of varying origins who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th century onwards...  of the 16th century.
Francois le Clerc (Jambe de Bois) François le Clerc François or Francis Le Clerc, known as Jambe de Bois , was a 16th century French privateer, originally from Normandy. He is credited as the first pirate in the modern era to have a "peg leg"....	16th century	1550s–1560s	France	Known for his sacking of Santiago de Cuba Santiago de Cuba Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city of Cuba and capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province in the south-eastern area of the island, some south-east of the Cuban capital of Havana....  in 1554
Jacob Collaart	17th century	1625–1635	Netherlands	A Flemish Flanders Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...  admiral who served as privateer and one of the Dunkirkers in Spanish Habsburg service during the Dutch Revolt, responsible for the destruction of at least 150 fishing boats.
Claes Compaan	1587–1660	1621–1627	Netherlands	Former Dutch corsair and privateer, he later became a pirate and was successful in capturing hundreds of ships in Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... , the Barbary coast Barbary Coast The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the 19th century to refer to much of the collective land of the Berber people. Today, the terms Maghreb and "Tamazgha" correspond roughly to "Barbary"...  and West Africa West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Western Africa includes the following 16 countries and an area of approximately 5 million square km:-Flags of West Africa:... .
Baltazar de Cordes Baltazar de Cordes Baltazar de Cordes , the brother of Simon de Cordez, was a Dutch corsair who fought against the Spanish during the early 17th Century....	d.1601?	1598–1601	Netherlands	A Dutch corsair who fought against the Spanish during the early 17th Century.
Simon (Zyman) the Dancer	fl. 1606–1609	1600s	Netherlands	One of the leading Barbary corsairs, was based in Algiers Algiers ' is the capital and largest city of Algeria. According to the 1998 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570 and that of the urban agglomeration was 2,135,630. In 2009, the population was about 3,500,000...  and Tunis Tunis Tunis is the capital of both the Tunisian Republic and the Tunis Governorate. It is Tunisia's largest city, with a population of 728,453 as of 2004; the greater metropolitan area holds some 2,412,500 inhabitants....  during the early 17th century.
Simon Danziker	d. 1611	1600s–1610s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and privateer who later became a Barbary corsair. He and John Ward dominated the Western Mediterranean during the early 17th century.
De Veenboer	d. 1620	1600s–1610s	Netherlands	Former Dutch corsair and privateer. Later became a Barbary corsair under Simon the Dancer and eventually commanded the Algiers corsair fleet.
Uluj Ali (Giovanni Dionigi) Uluj Ali Uluj Ali was an Italian by birth who converted to Islam, became a pirate, and later became an Ottoman admiral and Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Fleet in the 16th century.He was also known by several other names in...	1519–1587	1536–1550	Turkey	An Italian-born Muslim Muslim A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...  corsair, who later became an Ottoman admiral and Chief Admiral (Kaptan-ı Derya) of the Ottoman Fleet in the 16th century.
Sir Francis Drake Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Elizabeth I of England awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He also carried out the...	1540–1596	1563–1596	England	Known as "el Draque" (the Dragon), he was considered a hero in England, but little more than a pirate in Spain.
Peter Easton Peter Easton Peter Easton was a pirate in the early 17th century who operated along the Newfoundland coastline between Harbour Grace and Ferryland from 1611 to 1614...	1570–1619	1602	England	A privateer, then pirate, who was able to retire in Villefranche Villefranche-sur-Mer Villefranche-sur-Mer is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera.-Geography:... , Savoy Savoy Savoy is a region of France. It comprises roughly the territory of the Western Alps situated between Lake Geneva in the north and Monaco and the Mediterranean coast in the south....  with an estimated worth of two million pounds.
Jan Janszoon Jan Janszoon Jan Janszoon van Haarlem, commonly known as Murat Reis the younger was the first President and Grand Admiral of the Corsair Republic of Salé, Governor of Oualidia, and a Dutch pirate, one of the most notorious of the Barbary pirates from the 17th century; the most famous of the "Salé...	1570–after 1641		Holland	Turkish service of the 'fleet from Salé Salé Salé is a city in north-western Morocco, on the right bank of the Bou Regreg river, opposite the national capital Rabat, for which it serves as a commuter town... '
Daniel Elfrith Daniel Elfrith Daniel Elfrith was a 17th-century English privateer, colonist and slave trader. In the service of the Earl of Warwick, Elfrith was involved in privateering expeditions against the Spanish from his base in Bermuda...	1607–1640		England	English privateer and slave trader in the West Indies.
Jan Evertsen		1630s	Netherlands	Dutch admiral and corsair.
Juan Garcia Juan García (privateer) Juan Garcia was a 17th century Spanish privateer. He was among a number of Spaniards who served the Spanish Crown as Dunkirkers during the Eighty Years' War. Both he and Pedro de la Plesa were caught by the Dutch Republic naval force as they attempted to break through a blockade of Dunkirk...	fl. 1622	1620s	Spain	One of the Spanish privateers who accompanied Jan Jacobsen Jan Jacobsen Jan Jacobsen was a Flemish naval commander and Dunkirker during the Eighty Years' War. He became a posthumous hero when, after battling an enemy fleet for over 13 hours, he destroyed his own ship rather than surrender.-Biography:...  on his last voyage in 1622.
Sir Michael Geare Michael Geare Sir Michael Geare was a 16th century English sailor, privateer and merchant. One of the many Sea Dogs who plagued the Spanish Empire during the Elizabethan age, Geare was well-known to the Spaniards of the West Indies and the Spanish Main as commander of the Little John...	c. 1565–?	c. 1584–1603	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies up until the turn of the 17th century.
Sir John Hawkins John Hawkins Admiral Sir John Hawkins was an English shipbuilder, naval administrator and commander, merchant, navigator, and slave trader. As treasurer and controller of the Royal Navy, he rebuilt older ships and helped design the faster ships that withstood the Spanish Armada in 1588...	1532–1595	1554, 1564, 1567	England	A some-time pirate, his work in ship design was important during the threat of invasion from the Spanish Armada Spanish Armada This article refers to the Battle of Gravelines, for the modern navy of Spain, see Spanish NavyThe Spanish Armada was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England to stop English... .
Piet Hein Piet Pieterszoon Hein Pieter Pietersen Heyn was a Dutch naval officer and folk hero during the Eighty Years' War between the United Provinces and Spain.-Early life:...	1577–1629	1628	Netherlands	After serving as a Spanish galley slave for four years, Hein later captured 11,509,524 guilders of cargo from the Spanish treasure fleet.
Pieter Adriaanszoon Ita	fl. 1628–1630	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and privateer. Commanded one of the earliest and largest expeditions against the Portugal and Spain in the Caribbean during 1628.
Jan Jacobsen Jan Jacobsen Jan Jacobsen was a Flemish naval commander and Dunkirker during the Eighty Years' War. He became a posthumous hero when, after battling an enemy fleet for over 13 hours, he destroyed his own ship rather than surrender.-Biography:...	d. 1622	1610s–1620s	Netherlands	Flemish-born privateer in English service during the Eighty Years' War.
Willem Jacobszoon	fl. 1624–1625	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who accompanied Pieter Schouten Pieter Schouten Pieter Schouten was a 17th century Dutch corsair and privateer. He was one of the first Dutchmen to explore to the Caribbean and, while employed by the Dutch West Indies Company, was involved in extensive reconnaissance to establish Dutch bases in the West Indies.-Biography:Born in Vlissingen,...  on one of the first major expeditions to the West Indies.
Jan Janz (Murad Rais)	c. 1570–c. 1641	1590s–1640s	Netherlands	Dutch privateer taken captive by Barbary corsairs and later became one himself.
Willem Jansen	fl. 1600	1600s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair based in Duinkerken and one time officer under Jacques Colaert Jacques Colaert Jacques Colaert or Jacob Collaart was a Flemish privateer who during the Dutch Revolt sailed in royal service as one of the Dunkirkers.... .
Cornelius Jol	1597–1641	1630s–1640s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair successful against the Spanish in the West Indies. One of the first to use a wooden peg leg.
Sir James Lancaster James Lancaster Sir James Lancaster was a prominent Elizabethan trader and privateer.Lancaster came from Basingstoke in Hampshire. In his early life, he was a soldier and a trader in Portugal...	1554–1618	1591–1603	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog active in India during the late 16th century. Later a chief director for the East India Company.
Guillaume Le Testu Guillaume Le Testu Guillaume Le Testu, also called Têtu, was a 16th century French corsair, explorer and navigator during the Elizabethan age. He was a successful privateer during the early years of the French Wars of Religion...	1509–1573	1560s–1570s	France	French privateer, explorer and cartographer. First navigator to chart Australia in 1531.
Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer	1583–1627	1627	Netherlands	Hendrick captured 1.2 million guilders from a Honduran treasure fleet, but was mortally wounded in the process.
Sir Henry Mainwaring Henry Mainwaring Sir Henry Mainwaring , was an English pirate, naval officer with the Royal Navy, and author.- Early life :Henry Mainwaring was born in Ightfield in Shropshire, second son of Sir George Mainwaring and his wife Ann, the daughter of Sir William More of Loseley Park in Surrey. His maternal grandfather...	1587–1653	1610–1616	England	English privateer and pirate hunter. His pirate fleet nearly broke the truce between England and Spain following the Anglo-Spanish War Anglo-Spanish War (1585) The Anglo–Spanish War was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England that was never formally declared. The war was punctuated by widely separated battles, and began with England's military expedition in 1585 to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester in... .
Olivier van Noort Olivier van Noort Olivier van Noort was the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world.Olivier van Noort was born in 1558 in Utrecht. He left Rotterdam on 2 July 1598 with four ships and a plan to attack Spanish possessions in the Pacific and to trade with China and the Spice Islands...	1558–1627	1598–1601	Netherlands	Despite his venture being of limited success, it was the inspiration that led to the formation of the Dutch East India Company Dutch East India Company The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia... .
John Nutt John Nutt This article is about John Nutt the English pirate. For John Nutt the 18th century English printer, see John Nutt .John Nutt was a 17th-century English pirate. He was one of the more notorious brigands of his time raiding the coast of southern Canada and western England for over three years...		1620–1623	England	An English pirate active in Newfoundland.
Gráinne O'Malley (Gráinne Ní Mháille)	1530–1603	1560s–1600s	Ireland	An important figure in Irish legend who is still present in popular culture today.
John Oxenham	1536–1580	1570s–1600s	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog and associate of Sir Frances Drake during the early years of the Anglo-Spanish War. First English privateer to enter the Pacific though Panama.
William Parker William Parker (privateer) William Parker was an English captain, privateer & also mayor of Plymouth.He was born near Plymouth & was a member of the lesser gentry but he became one the owners of the Merchants house & later became mayor of Plymouth before becoming a privateer in the services of Queen Elizabeth...	1587–1617	1590s–1570s	England	Elizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies. Successfully attacked Porto Bello Portobelo, Panama Portobelo is a port city in Colón Province, Panama. It is located on the northern part of the Isthmus of Panama and has a deep natural harbor. Today, Portobelo is a sleepy city with a population of fewer than 3,000...  in 1602 without firing a shot.
Pedro de la Plesa Pedro de la Plesa Pedro de la Plesa was a 17th century Spanish privateer. He served as a Dunkirker in the service of the Spanish Crown during the Eighty Years' War...	fl. 1622	1620s	Spanish	He and Juan Garcia Juan García (privateer) Juan Garcia was a 17th century Spanish privateer. He was among a number of Spaniards who served the Spanish Crown as Dunkirkers during the Eighty Years' War. Both he and Pedro de la Plesa were caught by the Dutch Republic naval force as they attempted to break through a blockade of Dunkirk...  who joined Jan Jacobsen Jan Jacobsen Jan Jacobsen was a Flemish naval commander and Dunkirker during the Eighty Years' War. He became a posthumous hero when, after battling an enemy fleet for over 13 hours, he destroyed his own ship rather than surrender.-Biography:...  on his final voyage in 1622.
Murat Reis the Elder	1506–1608	1534–1608	Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes is an island in Greece, located in the eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007, and also the island group's historical capital. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within...	A Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral who took part in all of the early naval campaigns of Turgut Reis Turgut Reis Turgut Reis was an Ottoman Admiral and privateer who also served as Bey of Algiers; Beylerbey of the Mediterranean; and first Bey, later Pasha, of Tripoli. Under his naval command the Ottoman Empire maritime was extended across North Africa... .
Assan Reis (Jan Marinus van Sommelsdijk)	fl. 1626	1620s	Netherlands	Former Dutch privateer turned Barbary corsair. He attacked the Dutch ship St. Jan Babtista under Jacob Jacobsen of Ilpendam on March 7, 1626.
James Riskinner (Reiskimmer)	17th century	1630s	England	A lieutenant on the ship Warwick, then part of a fleet under the command of Nathaniel Butler, he later took part in a privateering expedition between May–September 1639.
Isaac Rochussen Isaac Rochussen Isaac Rochussen or Isaac Rockesen was a 17th century Dutch corsair and privateer during the Second and Third Anglo-Dutch War. His capture of the The Falcon, a merchantman belonging to the East India Company, was one of the most valued ships captured during the late 17th century.-Biography:Isaac...	1631–1710	1660s–1670s	Netherlands	A Dutch corsair active against the English during the Second Second Anglo-Dutch War The Second Anglo–Dutch War was part of a series of four Anglo–Dutch Wars fought between the English and the Dutch in the 17th and 18th centuries for control over the seas and trade routes....  and Third Anglo-Dutch War Third Anglo-Dutch War The Third Anglo–Dutch War or Third Dutch War was a military conflict between England and the Dutch Republic lasting from 1672 to 1674. It was part of the larger Franco-Dutch War... . His capture of The Falcon, an East India East India East India is a region of India consisting of the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Orissa. The states of Orissa and West Bengal share some cultural and linguistic characteristics with Bangladesh and with the state of Assam. Together with Bangladesh, West Bengal formed the...  merchantman, was one of the most valuable prizes captured during the late-17th century.
Mahieu Romboutsen	fl. 1636	1630s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair in the service of Spain. Was part of a three ship squadron under Jacques Colaert Jacques Colaert Jacques Colaert or Jacob Collaart was a Flemish privateer who during the Dutch Revolt sailed in royal service as one of the Dunkirkers....  and was captured with him after a five hour battle with Jan Evertsen.
William Rous William Rous William Rous was a 17th century English privateer in the service of the Providence Island Company. He was later enlisted by William Jackson to accompany him on his expedition to the West Indies.-Biography:...	fl. 1636–1645	1630s–1640s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and privateer based on Providence Island Providencia Island Isla de Providencia or Old Providence is a mountainous Caribbean island. Though it is closer to Nicaragua, it is part of the Archipelago of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina, a department of Colombia, lying midway between Costa Rica and Jamaica... . He was involved in privateering expeditions for the Providence Island Company and later commander of Fort Henry.
Jan van Ryen Jan van Ryen Jan van Ryen was a 17th century Dutch privateer, explorer, and colonist. He was granted a commission by the Dutch West Indies Company and active against the Spanish in the West Indies during the 1620s. He and Claude Prevost attempted to establish Dutch colonies in Guyana, although they both failed...	d. 1627	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active in the West Indies. Reportedly killed with a number of colonists attempting to establish one of the first colonies on the Wiapoco in Dutch Guiana Dutch Guiana Dutch Guiana, also known as Netherlands Guyana or Dutch Guyana , is the name given to various Dutch colonies on the northern coast of South America, created by the Dutch West India Company... .
Pieter Schouten Pieter Schouten Pieter Schouten was a 17th century Dutch corsair and privateer. He was one of the first Dutchmen to explore to the Caribbean and, while employed by the Dutch West Indies Company, was involved in extensive reconnaissance to establish Dutch bases in the West Indies.-Biography:Born in Vlissingen,...	fl. 1624–1625	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who led one of the Dutch expeditions to the West Indies.
Jacques de Sores Jacques de Sores Jacques de Sores was a French pirate who attacked and burnt Havana, Cuba in 1555.Other than his attack on Havana, little is known of de Sores. He was nicknamed "The Exterminating Angel"...	16th century	1555	France	A French pirate whose sole documented act was his attack and burning of Havana Havana Havana is the capital city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of — making it the largest city in the Caribbean region, and the most populous...  in 1555.
Dirck Simonszoon van Uitgeest	fl. 1628–1629	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who commanded a WIC expedition to Brazil Brazil Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...  bringing back over 12 Portuguese and Spanish prizes.
Sir Thomas Verney	1584–1615	1600s–1610s	England	English nobleman who left behind his inheritance to become a Barbary corsair.
Johannes van Walbeeck Johannes van Walbeeck Jan, Johan or Johannes van Walbeeck was a Dutch navigator and cartographer during a 1620s circumnavigation of the earth, an admiral of the Dutch West India Company, and the first governor of the Netherlands Antilles....	fl. 1634	1620s–1630s	Netherlands	Dutch admiral and corsair. Captured Curaçao Curaçao Curaçao is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the Venezuelan coast. The Country of Curaçao , which includes the main island plus the small, uninhabited island of Klein Curaçao , is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands...  in 1634 and later served as governor.
John Ward John Ward (pirate) John Ward or Birdy , also known as Jack Ward and under his Muslim name Yusuf Reis, was a notorious English pirate around the turn of the 17th century who later became a Barbary Corsair operating out of Tunis during the early 17th century.-Early life:Little is known about Ward's early life...	1552–1622	1603–1610s	England	A notorious English pirate around the turn of the 17th century who later became a Barbary Corsair Corsair Corsairs were privateers, authorized to conduct raids on shipping of a nation at war with France, on behalf of the French Crown. Seized vessels and cargo were sold at auction, with the corsair captain entitled to a portion of the proceeds...  operating out of Tunis Tunis Tunis is the capital of both the Tunisian Republic and the Tunis Governorate. It is Tunisia's largest city, with a population of 728,453 as of 2004; the greater metropolitan area holds some 2,412,500 inhabitants....  during the early 1600s.
Cornelis Wittebol	fl. 1622	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair in Spanish service. In February 1622, attacked a fishing fleet from the Veere Veere Veere is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands, on Walcheren island in the province of Zeeland.-Population centres :Aagtekerke , Biggekerke , Domburg , Gapinge , Grijpskerke , Koudekerke , Meliskerke , Oostkapelle , Serooskerke , Veere , Vrouwenpolder , Westkapelle...  and Maasmond sinking several ships and bringing back the survivors to ransom in Duinkerken.
Jacob Willekens Jacob Willekens Jacob Willekens or Wilckens was a Dutch admiral on a fleet to the Dutch Indies, and a herring seller, who went to sea again at the age of fifty for the Dutch West Indies Company. His most well-known success was undoubtedly the conquest of San Salvador de Bahia, the then capital of Brazil...	1571–1633	1590s–1630s	Netherlands	Dutch admiral who led Dutch corsairs on the first major privateering expedition to the West Indies.
Hendrik Worst	fl. 1624	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair who accompanied Pieter Schouten Pieter Schouten Pieter Schouten was a 17th century Dutch corsair and privateer. He was one of the first Dutchmen to explore to the Caribbean and, while employed by the Dutch West Indies Company, was involved in extensive reconnaissance to establish Dutch bases in the West Indies.-Biography:Born in Vlissingen,...  in his expedition to the West Indies.
Filips van Zuylen	fl. 1624	1620s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active against the Portuguese in West Africa West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Western Africa includes the following 16 countries and an area of approximately 5 million square km:-Flags of West Africa:... .
Moses Cohen Henriques Moses Cohen Henriques Moses Cohen Henriques was a Dutch pirate of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin, operating in the Caribbean.Henriques helped Dutch naval officer and folk hero Admiral Piet Pieterszoon Hein, of the Dutch West India Company, capture the Spanish treasure fleet in the battle of the Bay of Matanzas in...	early 17th century	1620s and 30s	Netherlands	Dutch pirate of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin active in the Caribbean against Spain and Brazil against Portugal

Age of the Buccaneer

Buccaneer

The buccaneers were privateers who attacked Spanish shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the late 17th century.The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate...

s: 1650–1690

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Vincenzo Alessandri Vincenzo Alessandri Vincenzo Alessandri was an Italian Knight of Malta who became a buccaneer.Originally a Knight of Malta, Alessandri became a notorious buccaneer...	d. 1657		Italy	Originally a Knight of Malta, Alessandri was captured and enslaved.
Michiel Andrieszoon Michiel Andrieszoon Michiel Andrieszoon was a Dutch buccaneer who served as lieutenant to Captain Laurens de Graaf. He commanded the le Tigre which was manned by a 300-man crew and armed with between 30-36 guns and, in 1683, was one of the leaders of the raid on Veracruz...	17th century	1680s	Netherlands	Dutch merchant-pirate. Associated with Thomas Paine and Laurens de Graff.
John Ansell John Ansell John Ansell was an English buccaneer who participated in the raids against Maracaibo and Gibraltar, Venezuela under Sir Henry Morgan during the late 1660s.-Further reading:...	d. 1689		England	Sailed with Henry Morgan Henry Morgan Admiral Sir Henry Morgan was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements...  and participated in his raids against Maracaibo Maracaibo Maracaibo is a city and municipality located in northwestern Venezuela off the western coast of the Lake Maracaibo. It is the second-largest city in the country after the national capital Caracas and the capital of Zulia state...  and Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region... , Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south... .
Captain Archembeau (Archembo)	d. 1681	1670s–1680s	France	French buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
Jean Bart Jean Bart Jean Bart was a Flemish sailor who primarily served the French crown as naval commander and privateer.-Early life:...	1651–1702	1672–1697	France	Born the son of a fisherman, Bart retired an Admiral Admiral Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"...  in French service.
Philippe Bequel Philippe Bequel Philippe Bequel was a 17th century French privateer.Possibly born in La Rochelle, France, Bequel may have served under privateers Mathurin Gabaret and François Beaulieu during the 1650s and, by the end of the decade, he had become captain of his own ship...	17th century	1650–1669	France	Was one of the first foreign privateers awarded a letter of marque by the governor of Jamaica
Jacob Janssen van den Bergh	fl. 1660	1650s–1660s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair and slave trader for the Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company was a chartered company of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx... .
Lancelot Blackburne Lancelot Blackburne Lancelot Blackburne , was an English clergyman, who became Archbishop of York, and – in popular belief – a pirate....	1653–1743	1680–1684	England	Blackburne was an English clergyman, who became Archbishop of York, and – in popular belief – a pirate.
Eduardo Blomar	d. 1679	1670s	Spain	Spanish renegade active in the Spanish Main Spanish Main In the days of the Spanish New World Empire, the mainland of the American continent enclosing the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico was referred to as the Spanish Main. It included present-day Florida, the east shore of the Gulf of Mexico in Texas, Mexico, Central America and the north coast of...  during the 1670s. Tried in absentia and convicted of piracy with Bartolomé Charpes and Juan Guartem Juan Guartem Juan Guartem was a Spanish renegade pirate who raided Spanish settlements in New Spain during the late 17th century, most notably his raid against Chepo in 1679....  in Panama in 1679.
Pierre Bot	17th century	1680s	France	French buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
Manuel Butiens	fl. 1645	1640s	Netherlands	Dutch renegade and Dunkirker in the service of Spain.
Bartolomé Charpes	d. 1679	1680s	Spain	Spanish renegade who was tried in absentia and convicted of piracy with Edwardo Blomar and Juan Guartem Juan Guartem Juan Guartem was a Spanish renegade pirate who raided Spanish settlements in New Spain during the late 17th century, most notably his raid against Chepo in 1679....  in Panama by Governor Don Dionicio Alceda in 1679.
Edward Collier	17th century	1668–1671	England	Served as Sir Henry Morgan's second-in-command throughout much of his expeditions against Spain during the mid-17th century.
John Cooke (Cook)	d. 1683	1680s	England	English buccaneer who led an expedition against the Spanish in the early 1680s.
John Coxon John Coxon (pirate) Captain John Coxon was a late seventeenth-century buccaneer who terrorized the Spanish Main. Coxon was one of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers...	d. 1689	1677–1682	England	One of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast Brethren of the Coast The Brethren or Brethren of the Coast were a loose coalition of pirates and privateers commonly known as buccaneers and active in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.... , a loose consortium of pirates and privateers who were active on the Spanish Main Spanish Main In the days of the Spanish New World Empire, the mainland of the American continent enclosing the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico was referred to as the Spanish Main. It included present-day Florida, the east shore of the Gulf of Mexico in Texas, Mexico, Central America and the north coast of... .
William Dampier William Dampier William Dampier was an English buccaneer, sea captain, author and scientific observer...	1651–1715	1670–1688	England	Was the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.
Edward Davis	17th century	1680–1688	England	Led the last major buccaneer raid against Panama.
John Davis (Robert Searle)	17th century		England	Davis was one of the earliest and most active buccaneers on Jamaica.
Jacquotte Delahaye Jacquotte Delahaye Jacquotte Delahaye , was a French pirate, or Buccaneer, and together with Anne Dieu-Le-Veut one of very few female buccaneers.She was active in the 1660s, came from Haiti, her father was French and her mother Haitian. She is described as a great beauty who became a pirate after her father was...	17th century	1660s	France	Delahaye was a French Buccaneer, and together with Anne Dieu-Le-Veut was one of very few female buccaneers.
Anne Dieu-Le-Veut Anne Dieu-le-Veut Anne Dieu-Le-Veut also called Marie-Anne or Marianne was a French Pirate, a so called Buccaneer, and together with Jaquotte Delahaye one of very few female ones....	b. 1650	1650–1704	France	Was originally one of the women – "Filles de Roi" – sent by the French government to Tortuga to become wives to the local male colonists.
Charlotte de Berry Charlotte de Berry Charlotte de Berry was a female pirate captain.In her mid to late teens she fell in love with a sailor and, against her parents' will, married him. Disguised as a man, she followed him on board his ship and fought alongside him. Her true identity was discovered by an officer who kept this...	17th century	1660s	England	A female pirate, she later commanded her own ship.
Cornelius Essex Cornelius Essex Cornelius Essex was an English buccaneer who took part in Captain Bartholomew Sharp's privateering expedition, the "Pacific Adventure", during the late 1670s....	d. 1680	1670s	England	An English buccaneer who took part in Captain Bartholomew Sharp's privateering expedition, the "Pacific Adventure", during the late 1670s.
Laurens de Graaf Laurens de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf (ca. 1653, Dordrecht, Dutch Republic – probably 24 May 1704, Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue, alias Laurencillo/Lorencillo & El Griffe (Spanish); Sieur de Baldran, alias de Graff (French); or...	1653–1704	1672–1697	Netherlands	Characterised as "a great and mischievous pirate" by Henry Morgan, de Graaf was a Dutch pirate, mercenary, and naval officer in the service of the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
Michel de Grammont Michel de Grammont Michel de Grammont was a French pirate. He was born in Paris, France and was lost at sea, north-east Caribbean, April 1686. His pirate career was from c.1670 - 1686. His flagship was the Hardi.-Pirate career:...	1645–1686	1670–1686	France	A French buccaneer, de Grammont primarily attacked Spanish holdings in Venezuela.
Jean du Casse Jean du Casse Jean Baptiste du Casse was a French Buccaneer and Admiral.In his youth, he was not allowed into the French Navy because his parents were Huguenots...	1646–1715	168?–1697	France	Born to Huguenot Huguenot The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th centuries. Since the 17th century, people who formerly would have been called Huguenots have instead simply been called French Protestants, a title suggested by their German co-religionists, the...  parents, du Casse was allowed to join the French navy on the value of his prizes taken while a buccaneer.
Alexandre Exquemelin Alexandre Exquemelin Alexandre Olivier Exquemelin was a French writer best known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of 17th century piracy, first published in Dutch as De Americaensche Zee-Roovers, in Amsterdam, by Jan ten Hoorn, in 1678.Born about 1645, it is likely that Exquemelin was a native of...	1645–1707	1669–1674 1697	France	A French writer, most known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of seventeenth century piracy, De Americaensche Zee-Roovers.
Jean Foccard	17th century	1680s	France	Associate of Laurens de Graaf Laurens de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf (ca. 1653, Dordrecht, Dutch Republic – probably 24 May 1704, Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue, alias Laurencillo/Lorencillo & El Griffe (Spanish); Sieur de Baldran, alias de Graff (French); or...  and Michel de Grammont Michel de Grammont Michel de Grammont was a French pirate. He was born in Paris, France and was lost at sea, north-east Caribbean, April 1686. His pirate career was from c.1670 - 1686. His flagship was the Hardi.-Pirate career:... . He later joined them in their attack on Tampico Tampico Tampico is a city and port in the state of Tamaulipas, in the country of Mexico. It is located in the southeastern part of the state, directly north across the border from Veracruz. Tampico is the third largest city in Tamaulipas, and counts with a population of 309,003. The Metropolitan area of...  in 1682.
"Red Legs" Greaves Red Legs Greaves "Red Legs" Greaves was a Scottish buccaneer active in the Caribbean and the West Indies during the 1670s. His nickname came from the term Redlegs used to refer to the class of poor whites that lived on colonial Barbados....	17th Century		Scotland/Ireland	Greaves's nickname was based on a commonly used term for reddened legs often seen among the Scottish and Irish who took to wearing kilts in almost any weather.
Juan Guartem Juan Guartem Juan Guartem was a Spanish renegade pirate who raided Spanish settlements in New Spain during the late 17th century, most notably his raid against Chepo in 1679....	17th Century	1670s	Spain	A Spanish renegade pirate who raided Spanish settlements in New Spain during the late 17th century with his most notable raid being against Chepo in 1679.
Peter Harris Peter Harris (buccaneer) Peter Harris was a British buccaneer, one of the captains in the Pacific Adventure, a privateering expedition headed by Richard Sawkins and John Coxon...	d. 1680	1670s	England	English buccaneer and member of Captain Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp an English buccaneer whose pirate career lasted only three years . His flagship was the Trinity.... 's "Pacific Expedition". Killed at Panama Panama Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...  in 1680.
Jean Hamlin (Hamilton)	17th century	1680s	Anglo-French	French buccaneer active in the Caribbean. Later hunted down by Captain John Coxon John Coxon (pirate) Captain John Coxon was a late seventeenth-century buccaneer who terrorized the Spanish Main. Coxon was one of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers... .
Richard Hawkins Richard Hawkins thumb|250px|right|Sir Richard HawkinsAdmiral Sir Richard Hawkins was a 17th century English seaman, explorer and Elizabethan "Sea Dog", and was the son of Admiral Sir John Hawkins....	1562–1622	1593–1594	England	A buccaneer and explorer who was later knighted.
George Hout (d'Hout)	fl. 1687	1680s	England	English buccaneer who joined Francois Grogniet and Pierre le Picard Pierre le Picard Pierre le Picard was a 17th century French buccaneer. He was both an officer to l'Ollonais as well as Sir Henry Morgan, most notably taking part in his raids at Maracaibo and Panama, and may have been one of the first buccaneers to raid shipping on both the Caribbean and Pacific...  in their raid on Guayaquil Guayaquil Guayaquil , officially Santiago de Guayaquil , is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador,with about 2.3 million inhabitants in the city and nearly 3.1 million in the metropolitan area, as well as that nation's main port...  in 1687.
François l'Olonnais	17th century	c. 1635–c. 1668	France	French pirate active in the Caribbean during the 1660s. He may have been cannabalized by the natives of Darién Province Darién Province Darién is a province in eastern Panama. It is also the largest province in Panama. It is hot, humid, heavily forested, and sparsely populated, having 48,378 habitants...
William Jackson William Jackson (pirate) William Jackson was an English privateer who, based in Guanaja and Roatan , was in the service of the Providence Island Company from 1639 until around 1641. During that year, he captured a Spanish slave ship at the port of and received a ransom of 8,000 pounds of indigo as well as 2,000...	17th century	1639–1645	England	It was the fleet under his command that captured Jamaica Jamaica Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...  for England.
Bartholomeus de Jager	fl. 1655	1650s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active against the Portuguese. He attacked a small merchant fleet at Fernando Noronha capturing one merchant ship and driving off the other.
Daniel Johnson	1629–1675	1657–1675	England	Became known as "Johnson the Terror" amongst the Spanish.
William Knight	17th century	1684–1686	England	Along with Edward Davis, he took part in the final large buccaneer attack on Spanish holdings.
Pierre Le Grand Pierre le Grand Pierre le Grand is an opéra comique by André Grétry. The libretto, by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly, is based on the early life of the Russian tsar Peter the Great...	17th century		France	Known only for a single attack against a Spanish galleon, his existence is disputed.
Raveneau de Lussan Raveneau de Lussan Raveneau de Lussan was a French buccaneer.He belonged to a noble but impoverished family, and embraced a military career at the age of 14. In 1679 he embarked for Santo Domingo in search of fortune, but was unsuccessful, and joined the buccaneers under Laurens de Graaf, sailing from Petit-Goâve,...	b. 1663	1684–1688	France	An impoverished nobleman. Attacked targets in Central America. Known for a “long march” in 1688.
Thomas Magott (Mackett)	17th century	1680s	England	English buccaneer who sailed with Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp an English buccaneer whose pirate career lasted only three years . His flagship was the Trinity....  and others on the "Pacific Adventure".
Edward Mansvelt (Mansfield) Edward Mansvelt Edward Mansvelt or Mansfield was a 17th century Dutch corsair and buccaneer who, at one time, was acknowledged as an informal chieftain of the "Brethren of the Coast"...	d. 1666	1650s–1660s	Curaçao Curaçao Curaçao is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the Venezuelan coast. The Country of Curaçao , which includes the main island plus the small, uninhabited island of Klein Curaçao , is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands...	Dutch buccaneer in English service. Known as the Admiral of the "Brethren of the Coast Brethren of the Coast The Brethren or Brethren of the Coast were a loose coalition of pirates and privateers commonly known as buccaneers and active in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.... ", Mansvelt was a mentor to Sir Henry Morgan Henry Morgan Admiral Sir Henry Morgan was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements...  who succeeded him following his death.
Marquis de Maintenon	1648–1691	1672–1676	France	A French nobleman who became a buccaneer in the Caribbean, selling his castle and title to Madame de Maintenon
David Marteen David Marteen David Marteen was a Dutch privateer based in Tortuga during the mid-17th century, known primarily as the sole non-English Captain who participated in the raids against Spanish strongholds in present-day Mexico and Nicaragua during 1663 until 1665...	17th century	1663–1665	Netherlands	Known primarily as the sole non-English Captain who participated in the raids against Spanish strongholds in present-day Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...  and Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean... .
Daniel Montbars (Exterminator) Daniel Montbars Daniel Montbars , better known as Montbars the Exterminator, was a 17th-century French buccaneer. For several years, he was known as one of the most violent buccaneers active against the Spanish during the mid-17th century...	1645–1701?	1660s–1670s	France	A former French naval officer and gentleman adventurer, he engaged in a violent and destructive war against Spain in the Caribbean and the Spanish Main Spanish Main In the days of the Spanish New World Empire, the mainland of the American continent enclosing the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico was referred to as the Spanish Main. It included present-day Florida, the east shore of the Gulf of Mexico in Texas, Mexico, Central America and the north coast of... . His hatred of the Spanish earned him the name "Montbars the Exterminator".
Sir Henry Morgan Henry Morgan Admiral Sir Henry Morgan was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements...	1635–1688	1663–1674	Wales	A privateer (and pirate) who later retired to become Lieutenant Governor Lieutenant governor A lieutenant governor or lieutenant-governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction, but is often the deputy or lieutenant to or ranking under a governor — a "second-in-command"...  of Jamaica Jamaica Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic... .
John Morris John Morris (pirate) John Morris was a British within the Caribbean during early-1660s until the early-1670s. His son, John Morris the Younger, held a command of his own ship during his father's later expeditions against Portobello and Maracaibo...	17th century	1663–1672	England	A skilled pilot Maritime pilot A pilot is a mariner who guides ships through dangerous or congested waters, such as harbours or river mouths. With the exception of the Panama Canal, the pilot is only an advisor, as the captain remains in legal, overriding command of the vessel.... , he served with both Christopher Myngs Christopher Myngs Sir Christopher Myngs , English admiral and pirate, came of a Norfolk family and was a relative of another admiral, Sir Cloudesley Shovell. Pepys' story of his humble birth, in explanation of his popularity, is said to be erroneous. His name is often given as Mings.The date of Myngs's birth is...  and Henry Morgan Henry Morgan Admiral Sir Henry Morgan was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements...  before becoming a pirate hunter.
Sir Christopher Myngs Christopher Myngs Sir Christopher Myngs , English admiral and pirate, came of a Norfolk family and was a relative of another admiral, Sir Cloudesley Shovell. Pepys' story of his humble birth, in explanation of his popularity, is said to be erroneous. His name is often given as Mings.The date of Myngs's birth is...	1625–1666	1650s–1660s	England	Described as "unhinged and out of tune" by the governor of Jamaica, Myngs nevertheless became a Vice-Admiral of the Blue in the Royal Navy Royal Navy The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service... .
François l'Ollonais (Jean-David Nau) François l'Ollonais Jean-David Nau , better known as François l'Olonnais , was a French pirate, active in the Caribbean during the 1660s...	1635–1668	1660–1668	France	Nicknamed "Flail of the Spaniards", l'Ollonais had a reputation for brutality, offering no quarter to Spanish prisoners.
Pierre Le Picard Pierre le Picard Pierre le Picard was a 17th century French buccaneer. He was both an officer to l'Ollonais as well as Sir Henry Morgan, most notably taking part in his raids at Maracaibo and Panama, and may have been one of the first buccaneers to raid shipping on both the Caribbean and Pacific...	fl. 1666–1690	1660s–1690s	France	An officer under l'Ollonais, he and Moise Vauquelin Moise Vauquelin Moise Vauquelin or Moses Vanclein was a 17th century French buccaneer. During his four-year career as a privateer, he served as an officer under l'Ollonais and formed a brief partnership with Pierre Le Picard...  left to pursue a career on their own. He later served in King William's War King William's War The first of the French and Indian Wars, King William's War was the name used in the English colonies in America to refer to the North American theater of the Nine Years' War... .
Chevalier du Plessis	d. 1668	1660s	France	French privateer active in the West Indies. He was succeeded by Moise Vauquelin Moise Vauquelin Moise Vauquelin or Moses Vanclein was a 17th century French buccaneer. During his four-year career as a privateer, he served as an officer under l'Ollonais and formed a brief partnership with Pierre Le Picard...  following his death.
Baron Jean de Pointis	1635–1707	1690s	France	His greatest venture was the 1697 Raid of Cartagena Raid on Cartagena (1697) The Raid on Cartagena was a successful attack by the French on the fortified city of Cartagena, Colombia, on May 6, 1697, as part of the War of the Grand Alliance.... .
Thomas Pound Thomas Pound Thomas Pound was an English pirate who was briefly active in the coastal waters of New England during 1689.Boarding a small ship out of Boston, Massachusetts with six other passengers on August 8, 1689, Pound seized control of the ship shortly after picking up an additional five men off Lovell's...	d. 1703	1689	England	Briefly commanded a small ship near Massachusetts Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...  before being captured.
Bartolomeo Português	b. 1630	1666–1669	Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...	One of the earliest pirates to use a pirate code.
Lawrence Prince Lawrence Prince Laurens Prins known in English as Lawrence Prince was a 17th century Dutch buccaneer and an officer under Captain Sir Henry Morgan...	fl. 1659–1672	1650s–1670s	Netherlands	Dutch buccaneer in English service. An officer under Sir Henry Morgan Henry Morgan Admiral Sir Henry Morgan was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements... , he and John Morris John Morris (pirate) John Morris was a British within the Caribbean during early-1660s until the early-1670s. His son, John Morris the Younger, held a command of his own ship during his father's later expeditions against Portobello and Maracaibo...  led the vanguard Vanguard (military tactics) The vanguard is the leading part of an advancing military formation. It has a number of functions, including seeking out the enemy and securing ground in advance of the main force.- Medieval origins :...  at Panama Panama Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...  in 1671.
Roche Braziliano Roche Braziliano Roche Braziliano , was a Dutch pirate born in the town of Groningen. His pirate career lasted from 1654 until his disappearance around 1671...	17th century	1654–1671	Netherlands	Roasted two Spanish farmers alive when they refused to hand over their pigs.
Philip Ras	fl. 1652–1655	1650s	Netherlands	Captured several English ships as both a corsair and privateer during the First Anglo-Dutch War First Anglo-Dutch War The First Anglo–Dutch War was the first of the four Anglo–Dutch Wars. It was fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Caused by disputes over trade, the war began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but... .
Thomas Paine	17th century	1680s	England	A colonial American privateer who raided several settlements in the West Indies with Jan Willems Jan Willems Jan Willems , also known as Janke or Yankey Willems, was a 17th century Dutch buccaneer. Based out of Petit-Goâve, Willems participated in a number of expeditions against the Spanish during the early to-mid 1680s with other well-known privateers including Michiel Andrieszoon, Thomas Paine, Laurens... , most notably against Rio de la Hacha in 1680. He also drove the French from Block Island Block Island Block Island is part of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and is located in the Atlantic Ocean approximately south of the coast of Rhode Island, east of Montauk Point on Long Island, and is separated from the Rhode Island mainland by Block Island Sound. The United States Census Bureau defines Block... .
Manuel Rivero Pardel	d. 1671	1668–1671	Portugal	Portuguese privateer in the service of Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula... . One of the few successful privateers active against the buccaneer Buccaneer The buccaneers were privateers who attacked Spanish shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the late 17th century.The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate... s of the Caribbean Caribbean The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...  during the late 17th century.
Stenka Razin Stenka Razin Stepan Timofeyevich Razin Тимофеевич Разин, ; 1630 – ) was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and Tsar's bureaucracy in South Russia.-Early life:...	1630–1671		Russia Russia Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...	A Cossack Cossack Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...  pirate who operated on the Volga and later expanded into the Caspian Sea Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of... .
Richard Sawkins Richard Sawkins Richard Sawkins or Hawkins was a British buccaneer who participated in the Pacific Adventure, a privateering expedition headed by Captain John Coxon....	d. 1680	1679–1680	England	Participated, along with John Coxon John Coxon (pirate) Captain John Coxon was a late seventeenth-century buccaneer who terrorized the Spanish Main. Coxon was one of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers...  and Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp an English buccaneer whose pirate career lasted only three years . His flagship was the Trinity.... , in the surprise attack on Santa Marta Santa Marta Santa Marta is the capital city of the Colombian department of Magdalena in the Caribbean Region. It was founded in July 29, 1525 by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas, which makes it the oldest remaining city in Colombia...
Lewis Scot Lewis Scot Lewis Scot was an English buccaneer who, according to writer Alexander Esquemeling, was the first Englishman to raid Spanish coastal settlements in the Caribbean and West Indies during the mid-seventeenth century....	fl. 1663	1660s	England	Known for his attack on the city of Campeche Campeche Campeche is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. Located in Southeast Mexico, it is bordered by the states of Yucatán to the north east, Quintana Roo to the east, and Tabasco to the south west... , on the Yucatan Peninsula Yucatán Peninsula The Yucatán Peninsula, in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel... .
Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp Bartholomew Sharp an English buccaneer whose pirate career lasted only three years . His flagship was the Trinity....	1650–1690	1679–1682	England	Plundered 25 Spanish ships and numerous small towns.
Gustav Skytte Gustav Skytte Gustav Adolf Skytte of Duderhoff was a Swedish nobleman and pirate. Born as the child of Jacob Skytte and Anna Bjelkenstjerna, he became a pirate at the age of 20 and plundered ships in the Baltic Sea together with his noble accomplices....	1637–1663	1657–1663	Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....	Attacked ships in the Baltic Sea Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and... , along with other accomplices of noble descent.
Bernard Claesen Speirdyke Bernard Claesen Speirdyke Bernard Claesen Speirdyke, also called Barnard or Bart Speirdyke, was a 17th century Dutch buccaneer. His Dutch name Bernard Claesen Spierdijk suggests he may have come from the village of Spierdijk, North Holland....	fl. 1663–1670	1660s–1670s	Netherlands	Dutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean, he was captured by Captain Manuel Rivero Pardel near Cuba and later executed.
Charles Swan Charles Swan Charles Swan was a reluctant buccaneer, killed 1690.Captain Swan was forced into piracy by his crew in the 1680s, and proceeded to write letters to the owners of his ship Cygnet in London, begging them to intercede with James II of England for his pardon - even as he looted his way up and down the...	17th century		England	A reluctant pirate, he begged for a pirate even as he looted his way around South America South America South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east... .
Jacques Tavernier (Le Lyonnais) Jacques Tavernier Jacques Tavernier or Le Lyonnais was a French privateer and buccaneer supposedly active in the Caribbean during the mid-17th century. His existence has since been disputed among modern historians as little to no pre-19th century evidence exists prior to his entry in Appleton's Cyclopedia in 1889...	1625–1673	1664–1673	France	French buccaneer who took part in expeditions with Laurens de Graaf Laurens de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf (ca. 1653, Dordrecht, Dutch Republic – probably 24 May 1704, Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue, alias Laurencillo/Lorencillo & El Griffe (Spanish); Sieur de Baldran, alias de Graff (French); or... , Michel de Grammont Michel de Grammont Michel de Grammont was a French pirate. He was born in Paris, France and was lost at sea, north-east Caribbean, April 1686. His pirate career was from c.1670 - 1686. His flagship was the Hardi.-Pirate career:... , Pierre Le Grand Pierre le Grand Pierre le Grand is an opéra comique by André Grétry. The libretto, by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly, is based on the early life of the Russian tsar Peter the Great... , François l'Ollonais François l'Ollonais Jean-David Nau , better known as François l'Olonnais , was a French pirate, active in the Caribbean during the 1660s...  and Sir Henry Morgan Henry Morgan Admiral Sir Henry Morgan was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements...  before his execution in 1673. His existence is disputed as the only pre-twentieth century reference to him appears in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography is a six-volume collection of biographies of famous Americans. It was published between 1887 and 1889 by D. Appleton and Company, New York. The general editors were James Grant Wilson and John Fiske; the managing editor from 1886 to 1888 was Rossiter... .
Nicholas (Nikolaas) van Hoorn Nicholas van Hoorn The pirate Nicholas van Hoorn was born in Holland and died near Vera Cruz, Mexico. Nikolaas or Klaas was engaged in the Dutch merchant service from about 1655 until 1659, and then bought a vessel with his savings. With a band of reckless men whom he had enlisted, he became a terror to the...	1635–1683	1663–1683	Netherlands	Merchant, privateer and later pirate, van Hoorn was hugely successful before dying of wound infection.
Cornelis Janszoon van de Velde	fl. 1655	1650s	Netherlands	Dutch corsair active near the Antillen, he was briefly associated with Bartholomeus de Jager.
Moise Vauquelin (Moses Vanclein) Moise Vauquelin Moise Vauquelin or Moses Vanclein was a 17th century French buccaneer. During his four-year career as a privateer, he served as an officer under l'Ollonais and formed a brief partnership with Pierre Le Picard...	fl. 1650–1672	1650s–1670s	France	An officer under l'Ollonais, he also had a partnership with Pierre le Picard Pierre le Picard Pierre le Picard was a 17th century French buccaneer. He was both an officer to l'Ollonais as well as Sir Henry Morgan, most notably taking part in his raids at Maracaibo and Panama, and may have been one of the first buccaneers to raid shipping on both the Caribbean and Pacific... . In his later years, he wrote a book detailing the coastline of Honduras and the Yucatan along with fellow buccaneer Philippe Bequel Philippe Bequel Philippe Bequel was a 17th century French privateer.Possibly born in La Rochelle, France, Bequel may have served under privateers Mathurin Gabaret and François Beaulieu during the 1650s and, by the end of the decade, he had become captain of his own ship... .
Lionel Wafer Lionel Wafer Lionel Wafer was a Welsh explorer, buccaneer and privateer.A ship's surgeon, Wafer made several voyages to the South Seas and visited the Malay archipelago in 1676. The following year he settled in Jamaica to practise his profession...	1640–1705	1679–1688	Wales	An explorer whose work helped inspire the Darien Scheme Darién scheme The Darién scheme was an unsuccessful attempt by the Kingdom of Scotland to become a world trading nation by establishing a colony called "New Caledonia" on the Isthmus of Panama in the late 1690s... .
Yankey (Janke) Willems	fl. 1681–1687	1680s	Netherlands	Dutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
William Wright William Wright (privateer) William Wright was an English privateer in French service and later buccaneer who raided Spanish towns in the late 17th century.Little is known of William Wright before he settled in French Hispaniola in the mid 1670s...	17th century	1675–1682	England	Despite being English, Wright was active as a privateer under a French commission. He later became a buccaneer.

Golden Age of Piracy

Golden Age of Piracy

The Golden Age of Piracy is a common designation given to one or more outbursts of piracy in maritime history of the early modern period. In its broadest accepted definition, the Golden Age of Piracy spans from the 1650s to the 1730s and covers three separate outbursts of piracy:the buccaneering...

: 1690–1730

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Thomas Anstis Thomas Anstis Thomas Anstis was an early 18th century pirate, who served under Captain Howell Davis and Captain Bartholomew Roberts, before setting up on his own account, raiding shipping on the eastern coast of the American colonies and in the Caribbean during what is often referred to as the "Golden Age of...	d. 1723	1718–1723	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	Was mainly active in the Caribbean, and served under first Howell Davis Howell Davis Captain Howell Davis was a Welsh pirate. His piratical career lasted just 11 months, from July 11, 1718 to June 19, 1719, when he was ambushed and killed. His ships were the Cadogan, Buck, Saint James, and Rover...  and later Bartholomew Roberts Bartholomew Roberts Bartholomew Roberts , born John Roberts, was a Welsh pirate who raided ships off America and West Africa between 1719 and 1722. He was the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy. He is estimated to have captured over 470 vessels... .
Adam Baldridge Adam Baldridge Adam Baldridge was an English pirate and one of the early founders of the pirate settlements in Madagascar.Fleeing from Jamaica after being charged with murder, Baldridge sailed to Madagascar and, by 1685, had established a base of operations on the island of St. Mary's. By the following year,...	?	fl. c. 1685–1697	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	English pirate and one of the early founders of the pirate settlements in Madagascar.
Bartholomew Roberts (Black Bart) Bartholomew Roberts Bartholomew Roberts , born John Roberts, was a Welsh pirate who raided ships off America and West Africa between 1719 and 1722. He was the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy. He is estimated to have captured over 470 vessels...	1682–1722	1719–1722	Wales Wales Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...	The most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, estimated to have captured more than 470 vessels.
George Booth George Booth (pirate) George Booth was an English pirate who was one of the earliest active in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea during the late 17th century...	d. 1700	1696–1700	England	One of the earliest pirates active in the Indian Ocean Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...  and Red Sea Red Sea The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez... .
John Bowen John Bowen (pirate) John Bowen was a pirate of Créole origin active during the Golden Age of Piracy. He sailed with other famous contemporaries, including Nathaniel North and George Booth, who was his captain when he served under him as a crewman aboard the Speaker...	d. 1704	1700–1704	Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...	Was active in the Indian Ocean Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and... , his contemporaries included George Booth George Booth (pirate) George Booth was an English pirate who was one of the earliest active in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea during the late 17th century...  and Nathaniel North Nathaniel North (pirate) Nathaniel North was a pirate during the Golden Age of Piracy who operated in the Indian Ocean. He served under John Bowen and succeeded him as captain of the Defiant following Bowen's retirement in 1704. After losing the Defiant, he was ruler of a pirate colony at Ambonavoula made up of his former... .
Samuel Bellamy (Black Sam) Samuel Bellamy Samuel Bellamy , aka "Black Sam" Bellamy, was an English pirate who operated in the early 18th century....	1689–1717	1716–1717	England	Despite having a career of less than year, Bellamy was very successful, capturing more than 50 ships before his death.
Blackbeard (Edward Teach) Blackbeard Edward Teach , better known as Blackbeard, was a notorious English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of the American colonies....	1680–1718	1716–1718	England	With his fearsome appearance, Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate.
Black Caesar Black Caesar (pirate) Black Caesar was an 18th century African pirate. For nearly a decade, he raided shipping from the Florida Keys and later served as one of Captain Blackbeard's chief lieutenants aboard the Queen Anne's Revenge. He was one of the surviving members of Blackbeard's crew following his death at the...	d. 1718	1700s–1718	Africa	A captured slave turned pirate, Black Caesar was a well-known pirate active off the Florida Keys Florida Keys The Florida Keys are a coral archipelago in southeast United States. They begin at the southeastern tip of the Florida peninsula, about south of Miami, and extend in a gentle arc south-southwest and then westward to Key West, the westernmost of the inhabited islands, and on to the uninhabited Dry...  during the early 18th century. He later acted as a lieutenant to Blackbeard and was one of five Africans serving on his flagship.
Stede Bonnet Stede Bonnet Stede Bonnet was an early 18th-century Barbadian pirate, sometimes called "the gentleman pirate" because he was a moderately wealthy landowner before turning to a life of crime. Bonnet was born into a wealthy English family on the island of Barbados, and inherited the family estate after his...	1688–1718	1717–1718	Barbados Barbados Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...	Nicknamed "The Gentleman Pirate", Bonnet was born into a wealthy family before turning to piracy.
Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalahimah	1760–1826	1780–1826	Kuwait Kuwait The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...	The most famous pirate in the Persian Gulf, he was appointed as a ruler of Dammam Dammam Dammam is the capital of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, the most oil-rich region in the world. The judicial and administrative bodies of the province and several government departments are located in the city. Dammam is the largest city in the Eastern Province and third largest in Saudi...  and went into a piracy against Al-Khalifa in Bahrain.
Anne Bonny Anne Bonny Anne Bonny was an Irish woman who became a famous female pirate, operating in the Caribbean. What little is known of her life comes largely from A General History of the Pyrates.-Historical record:...	1698–1782	to 1725	Ireland	Despite never commanding a ship herself, Anne Bonny is remembered as one of few female historical pirates.
Nicholas Brown Nicholas Brown (pirate) Nicholas Brown was an English pirate who was active of the coast of Jamaica during the early 18th century. Although accepting a royal pardon, he continued raiding shipping until his capture by pirate hunter and childhood friend Captain John Drudge. Brown used the caves, on the cliffs of Negril to...	d. 1726	to 1726	England	Active off the coast of Jamaica Jamaica Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic... , Brown was eventually killed – and his head pickled – by childhood friend John Drudge.
Sir Christopher Chapman	1774	to 1777	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	Active off coast of Florida and Jamaica. Captain of the Shawn Towne started as a privateer but turned to piracy. Executed in London in a public flogging after sieging the HMS Mugavero.
Dirk Chivers Dirk Chivers Dirk Chivers was a Dutch pirate active in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean during the 1690s.-Early career:Dirk Chivers is first recorded as a crew member of the Portsmouth Adventure, a privateering ship bound for the Red Sea, under Captain Joseph Farrell in early 1694...	early 18th century	1694–1699	Netherlands Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...	Active in the Red Sea Red Sea The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...  and Indian Ocean Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and... , Chivers later retired from piracy and returned to the Netherlands.
Thomas Cocklyn Thomas Cocklyn Thomas Cocklyn was an 18th-century English pirate, known primarily for his association and partnership with Howell Davis and Oliver La Buze. He was reportedly elected captain "due to his brutality and ignorance" when first sailing from New Providence in 1717 ....	early 18th century	1717 to death	England	Primarily known for his association with Howell Davis Howell Davis Captain Howell Davis was a Welsh pirate. His piratical career lasted just 11 months, from July 11, 1718 to June 19, 1719, when he was ambushed and killed. His ships were the Cadogan, Buck, Saint James, and Rover...  and Oliver La Buze, Cocklyn's activities after 1719 are unknown.
Christopher Condent Christopher Condent Christopher Condent , born in Plymouth in Devon, was an English pirate who led the return to the Eastern Seas. He and his crew fled New Providence in 1718, when Woodes Rogers became governor of the island....	d. 1770	1718–1720	England	After entering into piracy in 1718, Condent later took a prize of £150,000 and retired to France, becoming a wealthy merchant.
William Condon William Condon Captain William Condon was an English pirate. His ship was called the Fiery Dragon and was found by Barry Clifford off the coast of Sainte-Marie, Madagascar, where it had caught fire and sunk in 1721....	d. 1721	to 1721	England	Captaining the Fiery Dragon, Condon was killed when she caught fire and sank.
Robert Culliford Robert Culliford Robert Culliford was an English pirate from Cornwall who is best remembered for repeatedly checking the designs of Captain William Kidd.-Early career and capture:...	early 18th century	1690–1698	England	The former first mate of William Kidd William Kidd William "Captain" Kidd was a Scottish sailor remembered for his trial and execution for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Some modern historians deem his piratical reputation unjust, as there is evidence that Kidd acted only as a privateer... , Culliford led a first mutiny against Kidd, stealing his ship Blessed William.
Alexander Dalzeel Alexander Dalzeel Alexander Dalzeel was a seventeenth century pirate and former officer under Henry Avery.Born in Port Patrick, Scotland, Dalzeel went to sea as a child and, by the age of 23, was captain of his own ship with six successful voyages to his credit...	1662–1715	1685–1715	Scotland	Served under Henry Every Henry Every Henry Every, also Avery or Avary, , sometimes given as John Avery, was an English pirate who operated in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in the mid-1690s. He likely used several aliases throughout his career, including Benjamin Bridgeman, and was known as Long Ben to his crewmen and associates... . Was captured four times before finally being hanged.
Howell Davis Howell Davis Captain Howell Davis was a Welsh pirate. His piratical career lasted just 11 months, from July 11, 1718 to June 19, 1719, when he was ambushed and killed. His ships were the Cadogan, Buck, Saint James, and Rover...	1690–1719	1718–1719	Wales	Having a career that lasted only 11 months, Davis was ambushed during an attempt to kidnap the governor of Príncipe Príncipe Príncipe is the northern and smaller of the two major islands of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa. It has an area of 136 km² and a population of approximately 5,000. The island is a heavily eroded volcano over three million years old, surrounded by other... .
Edward England Edward England Edward England, born Edward Seegar in Ireland, was a famous African coast and Indian Ocean pirate captain from 1717 to 1720. The ships he sailed on included the Pearl and later the Fancy, for which England exchanged the Pearl in 1720...	1690–1720	1717–1720	Ireland	Differing from many other pirates of his day, England did not kill captives unless necessary.
John Evans John Evans (pirate) John Evans was a Welsh pirate who had a short but successful career in the Caribbean.Evans was the master of a sloop operating from the island of Nevis until he lost his employment there. For a while he found employment as a mate of ships sailing from Jamaica...	d. 1723	1722–1723	Wales	After an unsuccessful career as a legitimate sailor, Evans turned to piracy – initially raiding houses from a small canoe.
Henry Every (Avery) Henry Every Henry Every, also Avery or Avary, , sometimes given as John Avery, was an English pirate who operated in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in the mid-1690s. He likely used several aliases throughout his career, including Benjamin Bridgeman, and was known as Long Ben to his crewmen and associates...	b. 1653	1695–1696	England	Famous as one of the few pirates of the era who was able to retire with his takings without being either arrested or killed in battle.
John Fenn John Fenn (pirate) John Fenn was an early 18th century English pirate who sailed with Captain Bartholomew Roberts and later had a brief partnership with Thomas Anstis....	d. 1723	to 1723	England	Sailed with Bartholomew Roberts Bartholomew Roberts Bartholomew Roberts , born John Roberts, was a Welsh pirate who raided ships off America and West Africa between 1719 and 1722. He was the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy. He is estimated to have captured over 470 vessels...  and, later, Thomas Anstis Thomas Anstis Thomas Anstis was an early 18th century pirate, who served under Captain Howell Davis and Captain Bartholomew Roberts, before setting up on his own account, raiding shipping on the eastern coast of the American colonies and in the Caribbean during what is often referred to as the "Golden Age of... .
William Fly William Fly Captain William Fly was an English pirate who raided New England shipping until he was captured by some of the crew of a seized ship. He was hanged in Boston, Massachusetts. Reportedly, Fly approached the hanging with complete disdain and even reproached the hangman for doing a poor job, remaking...	d. 1726	to 1726	England	Raided off the New England New England New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...  coast before being captured and hanged at Boston Boston Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had... , Massachusetts Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010... .
Ingela Gathenhielm Ingela Gathenhielm Ingela Olofsdotter Gathenhielm née Hammar, , was a Swedish privateer in service of King Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War.- Biography :...	1692–1729	1718–1721	Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....	Widow of Lars Gathenhielm, active on the Baltic Sea Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and... .
Lars Gathenhielm Lars Gathenhielm Lars Gathenhielm, , before knighthood 1715 Lars Andersson Gathe, aka Lasse i Gatan, was a Swedish merchant and privateer.- Biography :Lars Gathenhielm was born on the estate Gatan in Onsala Parish in Halland...	1689–1718	1710–1718	Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....	Active on the Baltic Sea Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
Charles Harris Charles Harris (pirate) Captain Charles Harris joined the notorious pirate Edward Low. He captained the sloop Ranger in the Action of 10 June 1723. While Low escaped, Charles and his crew were captured and hung in Newport.-References:...	d. 1723	to 1723	England	Joining the Barbary corsairs Barbary corsairs The Barbary Corsairs, sometimes called Ottoman Corsairs or Barbary Pirates, were pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Tunis, Tripoli and Algiers. This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, a term derived from the name of its Berber... , Harris converted to Islam Islam Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...  before being captured and later hanged.
John Halsey John Halsey John Halsey was a colonial American privateer and a later pirate who was active in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during the early 18th century. Although much of his life and career is unknown, he is recorded in A General History of the Pyrates which states "He was brave in his Person, courteous...	d. 1708	1705–1708	Colonial America	Active in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, Halsey is remembered by Defoe as "brave in his Person, courteous to all his Prisoners, lived beloved, and died regretted by his own People."
Miguel Henríquez	b. 1680	early 18th century	Spain / Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...	Although born a shoemaker, Henríquez was later awarded a letter of marque Letter of marque In the days of fighting sail, a Letter of Marque and Reprisal was a government licence authorizing a person to attack and capture enemy vessels, and bring them before admiralty courts for condemnation and sale...  by Spain for his actions against the British.
Benjamin Hornigold Benjamin Hornigold Captain Benjamin Hornigold was an 18th-century English pirate. His career lasted from 1715 to 1718, after which he turned pirate hunter and pursued his former allies on behalf of the Governor of the Bahamas...	d. 1719	1717–1719	England	Known for being less aggressive than other pirates, Hornigold once captured a ship for the sole purpose of seizing the crew's hats.
Thomas Howard Thomas Howard (pirate) Thomas Howard was a pirate primarily active in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea during the Golden Age of Piracy. He served under other pirates of the time, including George Booth and John Bowen. He also commanded the 36-gun Prosperous. He later retired to Rapajura, in India, where he married a...	early 18th century	1698–1703	England	Howard served under both George Booth George Booth (pirate) George Booth was an English pirate who was one of the earliest active in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea during the late 17th century...  and John Bowen John Bowen (pirate) John Bowen was a pirate of Créole origin active during the Golden Age of Piracy. He sailed with other famous contemporaries, including Nathaniel North and George Booth, who was his captain when he served under him as a crewman aboard the Speaker...  and later commanded the Prosperous.
"Calico Jack" John Rackham Calico Jack John Rackham , commonly known as Calico Jack, was an English pirate captain operating in the Bahamas during the early 18th century...	1682–1720	to 1720	England	Earned his nickname for the colourful calico clothes that he wore.
Henry Jennings Henry Jennings Henry Jennings was an 18th century British privateer who served primarily during the War of Spanish Succession and later served as leader of the pirate haven of New Providence....	d. 1745	1715	England	Although later governor of the pirate haven of New Providence New Providence New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas, containing more than 70% of the total population. It also houses the national capital city, Nassau.The island was originally under Spanish control following Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World, but the Spanish government showed... , Jennings only carried out two pirate acts – gaining an estimated 410,000 peso Peso The word peso was the name of a coin that originated in Spain and became of immense importance internationally... s.
John Julian John Julian John Julian was the first recorded black pirate to operate in the New World, as the pilot of the ship Whydah.Julian was a half-blood Miskito Indian who joined Samuel Bellamy early in his brief career. He eventually piloted the Whydah, which was the leading ship of Bellamy's fleet, when he was only...	d. 1733	1716–1717	Miskito origins	Recorded as the first black pirate to operate in the New World New World The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically America and sometimes Oceania . The term originated in the late 15th century, when America had been recently discovered by European explorers, expanding the geographical horizon of the people of the European middle... .
James Kelly (James Gilliam) James Kelly (pirate) James Gilliam, also known as James Kelly, was an English pirate active in the Indian Ocean during the 1690s and was a longtime associate of Captain William Kidd. One of Kidd's earliest crew members, Gilliam was a participant in the mutiny on board the Moacha and the subsequent murder of Captain...	d. 1701	to 1699	England	Active in the Indian Ocean, Kelly was a long-time associate of William Kidd William Kidd William "Captain" Kidd was a Scottish sailor remembered for his trial and execution for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Some modern historians deem his piratical reputation unjust, as there is evidence that Kidd acted only as a privateer... .
William "Captain" Kidd William Kidd William "Captain" Kidd was a Scottish sailor remembered for his trial and execution for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Some modern historians deem his piratical reputation unjust, as there is evidence that Kidd acted only as a privateer...	1645–1701	1695–1699	Scotland	Although modern historians dispute the legitimacy of his trial and execution, the rumor of Captain Kidd William Kidd William "Captain" Kidd was a Scottish sailor remembered for his trial and execution for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Some modern historians deem his piratical reputation unjust, as there is evidence that Kidd acted only as a privateer... 's buried treasure has served only to build a legend around the man as a great pirate. His property was claimed by the crown and given to the Royal Hospital, Greenwich, by Queen Anne.
Olivier Levasseur (Oliver La Buse) Olivier Levasseur Olivier Levasseur , was a pirate, nicknamed La Buse or La Bouche in his early days, called thus because of the speed and ruthlessness with which he always attacked his enemies.-History:...	1680–1730	1716–1730	France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...	Nicknamed "la Buse" (the Buzzard) for the speed with which he attacked his targets, Levasseur left behind a cryptic message that has yet to be deciphered fully today.
Edward "Ned" Low	1690–1724	1721–1724	England	A pirate known for his vicious tortures, his methods were described as having "done credit to the ingenuity of the Spanish Inquisition in its darkest days".
George Lowther George Lowther (pirate) George Lowther was an 18th century English pirate who, although little is known of his life, was active in the Caribbean and Atlantic...	d. 1723	to 1723	England	Active in the Caribbean Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....  and the Atlantic Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area... , one of Lowther's lieutenant Lieutenant A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank... s included Edward Low.
Christopher Moody Christopher Moody Christopher Moody was an 18th century pirate who held a policy of no quarter . After he was captured, he was hung at Cape Coast Castle in Cabo Corso, Ghana ....	d. 1718	1713–1718	England	Active off North and South Carolina, Moody offered no quarter to captured crews, signified by his flying of a red standard.
Nathaniel North Nathaniel North (pirate) Nathaniel North was a pirate during the Golden Age of Piracy who operated in the Indian Ocean. He served under John Bowen and succeeded him as captain of the Defiant following Bowen's retirement in 1704. After losing the Defiant, he was ruler of a pirate colony at Ambonavoula made up of his former...	b. 1672	1689–1704 1707–1709	Bermuda	Active in the Indian Ocean Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...  and Red Sea Red Sea The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez... , North served with other famous contemporaries, including John Bowen and George Booth.
William Phillips	d. 1724		England	Phillips had his leg amputated by a John Phillips after being shot.
James Plantain	early 18th century		Denmark Denmark Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...	Plantain ruled the island of Madagascar Madagascar The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...  between 1725 and 1728, primarily through fear, and was known as the "King of Ranter Bay".
John Quelch John Quelch (pirate) John Quelch had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year. His chief claim to historical significance is that he was the first person to be tried for piracy outside of England under Admiralty Law and thus without a jury...	1666–1704	1703–1704	England	Quelch was the first person tried for piracy outside England under Admiralty Law and therefore without a jury.
Mary Read Mary Read Mary Read was an English pirate. She is chiefly remembered as one of only two women known to have been convicted of piracy during the early 18th century, at the height of the Golden Age of Piracy....	1690–1721	to 1720	England	Along with Anne Bonny Anne Bonny Anne Bonny was an Irish woman who became a famous female pirate, operating in the Caribbean. What little is known of her life comes largely from A General History of the Pyrates.-Historical record:... , one of few female historical pirates. When captured, Bonny escaped hanging by claiming she was pregnant, but died soon after of a fever while still in prison.
Woodes Rogers Woodes Rogers Woodes Rogers was an English sea captain, privateer, and, later, the first Royal Governor of the Bahamas. He is known as the captain of the vessel that rescued the marooned Alexander Selkirk, whose plight is generally believed to have inspired Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe.Rogers came from an...	1679–1732	1709–1710	England	Played a major role in the suppression of pirates in the Caribbean Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles.... .
Francis Spriggs Francis Spriggs Francis Spriggs was a British pirate who, associated with George Lowther and Edward Low, was active in the Caribbean and the Bay of Hounduras during the early 1720s.-Early career:...	d. 1725	to 1725	England	Along with George Lowther George Lowther (pirate) George Lowther was an 18th century English pirate who, although little is known of his life, was active in the Caribbean and Atlantic...  and Edward Low, Spriggs was primarily active in the Bay of Honduras during the early 1720s.
John Taylor John Taylor (pirate) John Taylor was a pirate who lived in the early 18th century.At Reunion Island in April 1721, he together with Olivier Levasseur captured the most valuable prize in pirate history, variously described as "Nostra Senora della Cabo", "Nostra Senhora do Cabo", or "Nossa Senhora do Cabo" .-Further...	early 18th century		England	At Reunion Island, Taylor is reputed to have captured the most valuable prize in pirate history.
Thomas Tew Thomas Tew Thomas Tew , also known as the Rhode Island Pirate, was a 17th century English privateer-turned-pirate. Although he embarked on only two major piratical voyages, and met a bloody death on the latter journey, Tew pioneered the route which became known as the Pirate Round. Many other famous pirates,...	d. 1695	1692–1695	England	Despite only going on two pirate voyages, Tew pioneered a route later known as the Pirate Round Pirate Round The Pirate Round was a sailing route followed by certain Anglo-American pirates, mainly during the late 17th century. The course led from the western Atlantic, around the southern tip of Africa, stopping at Madagascar, then on to targets such as the coast of Yemen and India. The Pirate Round was... .
Charles Vane Charles Vane Charles Vane was an English pirate who preyed upon English and French shipping. His pirate career lasted from 1716 - 1719. His flagship was a brigantine named the Ranger....	1680–1720	1716–1720	England	Disliked due to his cruelty, Vane showed little respect for the pirate code, cheating his crew out of their shares in the takings.
Richard Worley Richard Worley Richard Worley was an English pirate who was active in the Caribbean Sea and the east coast of the American colonies during the early 18th century. He is credited as one of the earliest pirates to fly the first version of the skull and crossbones pirate flag...	d. 1719	to 1719	England	Credited as one of the first pirates to fly the skull and crossbones Jolly Roger The Jolly Roger is any of various flags flown to identify a ship's crew as pirates. The flag most commonly identified as the Jolly Roger today is the skull and crossbones, a flag consisting of a human skull above two long bones set in an x-mark arrangement on a black field. This design was used by...  pirate flag.
Emanuel Wynn Emanuel Wynn Emanuel Wynn was a French pirate of the 18th century, and is often considered the first pirate to fly the Jolly Roger. His design incorporated an hourglass beneath the bones to represent that time was running out....	early 18th century		France	Was the first pirate to fly the Jolly Roger Jolly Roger The Jolly Roger is any of various flags flown to identify a ship's crew as pirates. The flag most commonly identified as the Jolly Roger today is the skull and crossbones, a flag consisting of a human skull above two long bones set in an x-mark arrangement on a black field. This design was used by... . His design, however, also incorporate an hourglass below the skull.

Peter Alston

Peter Alston

Peter Alston was the late 18th Century and early 19th Century counterfeiter and river pirate, who is believed to be Little Harpe's associate and partner in the murder of notorious outlaw leader Samuel Mason in 1803. He was the son of the colonial-era counterfeiter Philip Alston associated with...

Louis-Michel Aury

Louis-Michel Aury

Louis-Michel Aury was a French Corsair operating in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean during the early 19th century.Aury was born in Paris, France, in about 1788. He served in the French Navy, but from 1802 served in privateer ships...

Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Tuanku Abbas Tuanku Abbas Tuanku Abbas was a Malayan pirate active in the 1840s and the brother of a rajah of Aceh. He was well-known for sponsoring and leading pirate raids, the most notable of which occurred in 1843 when he captured an Indian Crew and plundered their ship. After the incident the crew escaped and appealed...	early 19th century	to 1844	Malaysia	The brother of a raja Raja Raja is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna... h of Achin Achin District Achin is a district in the south of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, bordering on Pakistan. Its population is 100% Pashtun.Achin is home to the Shinwari tribe, one of the largest Pashtun tribes. It was a stronghold of the Mujaheddin during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.-Economy:The primary... , known for his sponsoring and leading of pirate raids.
Mansel Alcantra (Alcantara) Mansel Alcantra Mansel Alcantra or Alcantara was a Spanish pirate active in the South Atlantic during the early 19th century. As well as committing acts of piracy, he was also responsible for several incidents of mass murder. The most infamous of these acts occurred in 1829 when his brig, the Macrinarian,...	fl. 1829	1820s	Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...	In 1829, he captured the Topaz off St. Helena and had the entire crew murdered.
(c1765-Feb. 8, 1804)	1797/1798–1804	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	River pirate, highwayman, and counterfeiter, alias James May, who was believed to be an associate of the Samuel Mason Samuel Mason Samuel Mason or Meason was a Revolutionary War militia captain on the frontier, who following the war, became the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen on the lower Ohio River and the Mississippi River in the late 18th and early 19th centuries...  and Micajah "Big" Harpe Harpe Brothers Micajah "Big" Harpe and Wiley "Little" Harpe , pronounced and , were murderers, highwaymen, and river pirates, who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Mississippi in the late 18th century...  and Wiley "Little" Harpe Harpe Brothers Micajah "Big" Harpe and Wiley "Little" Harpe , pronounced and , were murderers, highwaymen, and river pirates, who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Mississippi in the late 18th century... .
1788–1821	1810–1821	France	French privateer, served to the Republics of Venezuela and Mexico.
Joseph Baker	d. 1800	1800	Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...	The single piratical action of his career consisted of an unsuccessful attempt to commandeer the sloop Sloop A sloop is a sail boat with a fore-and-aft rig and a single mast farther forward than the mast of a cutter....  Eliza.
Renato Beluche	1780–1860	c. 1803–1813	Louisiana Louisiana Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...	A known associate of the Lafitte Brothers active in the Caribbean before joining Simon Bolivar Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Yeiter, commonly known as Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military and political leader...  in his fight for South Ameriacan independence.
Eli Boggs Eli Boggs Eli Boggs was an American pirate, one of the last active ocean-going pirates operating off the coast of China during the 1850s. Based near Hong Kong, Boggs constantly raided outgoing clipper ships carrying highly valuable cargo of opium throughout the decade...	1810–1857	1830–1850	United States	Pirate who sailed in Chinese junk for smuggling.
Benito Bonito Benito Bonito Benito "Bloody Sword" Bonito is the subject of a legend about a pirate who raided the west coast of the Americas. His career began around 1818 but from there on sources differ. According to one legend his ship was boarded by a British man-o'-war after Bonito exited Port Phillip Bay after hiding...	1780–1821	1810–1820	Spain	Pirate who hid his treasures of Lima that some say he hid in the cliff of Australia, and some say he hid in Coco Island.\
Hippolyte de Bouchard Hippolyte de Bouchard Hippolyte de Bouchard, or Hipólito de Bouchard , was a French and Argentine sailor and corsair who fought for Argentina, Chile, and Peru....	1780–1843	1817–1819	Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...	A French and Argentine sailor who fought for Argentina, Chile Chile Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...  and Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.... .
Flora Burn Flora Burn Flora Burn was a pirate during the Golden Age of Piracy. She began her pirate career in 1741 and operated mainly on the East Coast of North America.-External links:*...	fl. 1741;1751	1740s–1750s	England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...	Female pirate active mainly off the East coast of North America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...  from 1741.
Henri Caesar Henri Caesar Henri Caesar, also known as Black Caesar, was allegedly a 19th century Haitian revolutionary and pirate. Efforts to find historical evidence of his existence have been unsuccessful...	early 18th century	1805–1830	Haiti Haiti Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...	Haitian pirate active in the Caribbean during the early 18th century.
Cheng I Cheng I Cheng I was one of the most powerful chinese pirate along the Chinese coast during the 19th century. He and his wife Ching Shih, an prostitute who he fell in love with captured Cheung Po Tsai and legend has it he was her lover. Cheung was later adopted by them...	d. 1807	China	A pirate on the Chinese coast in the 18h and 19th centuries.
Cheung Po Tsai Cheung Po Tsai Cheung Po Tsai was a 19th century Chinese pirate. He was also known as Cheung Po/Chang Pao/Zhang Bao .Several places in Hong Kong are linked to Cheung Po Tsai:* Cheung Po Tsai Cave, on Cheung Chau island...	early 19th century	to 1810	China	Active along the Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...  coast and is said to have commanded a fleet of 600 junks.
Ching Shih Ching Shih Ching Shih , also known as Zheng Yi Sao , was a prominent female pirate in middle Qing China.Ching Shih also known as Cheng I Sao terrorized the China Sea in the early 19th century. A brilliant cantonese female pirate, she commanded 1800 ships and more than 80,000 pirates — men, women, and even...	d. 1844	1807–1810	China	A prominent female pirate in late Qing Qing Dynasty The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....  China.
Chui A-poo Chui A-poo Chui A-poo was a 19th century Qing Chinese pirate who commanded a fleet of more than 500 junks in the South China Sea. He was one of the two most notorious South China Sea pirates of the era, along with Shap Ng-tsai....	d. 1851?	1840s–1850	China	Based in Bias Bay east of Hong Kong, Chui preyed on opium ships in the South China Sea South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...  until his fleet was destroyed by the British in 1849.
Eric Cobham and Maria Lindsey Eric Cobham and Maria Lindsey Eric Cobham a pirate in the early 18th century who with his wife, Maria Lindsey, practiced piracy in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from their base in Newfoundland...	1700–1760	1720s–1740s	England	Cobham and his wife, Maria, were primarily active in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Gulf of Saint Lawrence The Gulf of Saint Lawrence , the world's largest estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean... .
Roberto Cofresí Roberto Cofresí Roberto Cofresí , better known as "El Pirata Cofresí", was the most renowned pirate in Puerto Rico. He became interested in sailing at a young age. By the time he reached adulthood there were some political and economic difficulties in Puerto Rico, which at the time was a colony of Spain...	1791–1825	to 1825	Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico's most famous pirate, regarded by many as the Puerto Rican equivalent of Robin Hood Robin Hood Robin Hood was a heroic outlaw in English folklore. A highly skilled archer and swordsman, he is known for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor", assisted by a group of fellow outlaws known as his "Merry Men". Traditionally, Robin Hood and his men are depicted wearing Lincoln green clothes.... .
Colonel Plug (Colonel Fluger)	?-?	to 1820	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	The legendary outlaw ran a gang of river pirates, in an Illinois Illinois Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...  cypress Cypress Cypress is the name applied to many plants in the cypress family Cupressaceae, which is a conifer of northern temperate regions. Most cypress species are trees, while a few are shrubs...  swamp Swamp A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. A swamp generally has a large number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp... , at the mouth of the Cache River Cache River (Illinois) The Cache River is a waterway in southernmost Illinois, in a region sometimes called Little Egypt. The basin spans and six counties: Alexander, Johnson, Massac, Pope, Pulaski and Union. Located at the convergence of four major physiographic regions, the river is part of the largest complex of...  and the Ohio River Ohio River The Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is even bigger than the Mississippi and, thus, is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system, including the Allegheny River further upstream... , was known as the "Last of the Boat-Wreckers."
Diabolito (Little Devil) Diabolito Diabolito or Little Devil was a 19th century Cuban pirate. One of the more violent of the era, he actively engaged the United States Navy and was one of the main fugitives pursued during later American naval expeditions in the Caribbean during the 1820s.-Biography:The Cuban-born Diabolito became...	d. 1823		Cuba Cuba The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...	Cuban-born pirate active in the Caribbean Caribbean The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...  during the early 19th century. He was one of the first pirates to be hunted down by Commodore David Porter David Porter (naval officer) David Porter was an officer in the United States Navy in a rank of commodore and later the commander-in-chief of the Mexican Navy.-Life:...  and the Mosquito Fleet Mosquito Fleet The term Mosquito Fleet has had nine main meanings in U.S. naval and maritime history:#It is the term used to describe the United States Navy's fleet of small gunboats, leading up to and during the War of 1812, most were part of the New Orleans Squadron.... during the early 1820s.
James Ford James Ford (pirate) James Ford was an American civic leader and business owner in western Kentucky and southern Illinois at the turn of the 19th century. Despite his clean public image, as a "Pillar of the Community", he was also, secretly, a river pirate and the leader of a gang that would come to be known as...	1770?–1833	to 1833	United States	A civic leader and business owner in western Kentucky Kentucky The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth...  and southern Illinois Illinois Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,... , secretly, was the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen, along the Ohio River Ohio River The Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is even bigger than the Mississippi and, thus, is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system, including the Allegheny River further upstream... , known as the "Ford's Ferry Gang."
Hezekiah Frith Hezekiah Frith Hezekiah Frith, Sr. was an 18th-century British ship owner with the reputation of a "gentleman privateer", who engaged in piracy during the 1790s...	Early 19th century	1790s–1800s	Bermuda	British ship owner and smuggler known as Bermuda's "gentleman privateer". Alleged to have used his business as a cover to withhold cargo sized in privateering expeditions and amass a small fortune.
Vincent Gambi Vincent Gambi Vincenzo Gambi was a 19th-century Italian pirate. He was one of the most violent and bloodthirsty men in the Gulf of Mexico during the early 19th century and raided shipping in the gulf for well over a decade before his death...	d. 1820		Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...	A pirate based out of New Orleans, he was an associate of Jean Lafitte Jean Lafitte Jean Lafitte was a pirate and privateer in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. He and his elder brother, Pierre, spelled their last name Laffite, but English-language documents of the time used "Lafitte", and this is the commonly seen spelling in the United States, including for places... .
José Gaspar (Gasparilla) Jose Gaspar José Gaspar, known by his nickname Gasparilla , was a purported Spanish pirate, the "last of the Buccaneers," who is claimed to have raided the west coast of Florida during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Though he is a popular figure in Florida folklore, no evidence of his existence...	1756–1821	1783–1821	Spain	Though a popular figure in Florida Florida Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...  folklore, there is no pre-twentieth century evidence of his existence.
Charles Gibbs Charles Gibbs Charles Gibbs was an American pirate who was one of the last active in the Caribbean during the early-19th century and was among the last executed for piracy by the United States....	1798–1831	1816–1831	United States	One of the last pirates active in the Caribbean, and one of the last people executed for piracy by the United States.
"Don" Pedro Gilbert Pedro Gilbert Pedro Gilbert or Don Pedro Gibert was an early 19th century pirate, who was one of the few remaining pirates continuing to raid shipping on the Atlantic coast...	1800–1834	1832–1834	Colombia Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...	Took part in the last recorded incident of piracy in Atlantic waters.
Nathaniel Gordon Nathaniel Gordon Nathaniel Gordon was the only American slave trader to be tried, convicted, and executed "for being engaged in the Slave Trade" in accordance with the Piracy Law of 1820.Gordon was born in Portland, Maine...	1834–1862	1860	United States	The first and only American slave trader to be tried, convicted, and executed "for being engaged in the Slave Trade" in accordance with the Piracy Law of 1820.
Catherine Hagerty and Charlotte Badger Charlotte Badger Charlotte Badger is widely considered to be the first Australian female pirate despite being from Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England...	early 19th century	1806	England	Australian convicts Penal transportation Transportation or penal transportation is the deporting of convicted criminals to a penal colony. Examples include transportation by France to Devil's Island and by the UK to its colonies in the Americas, from the 1610s through the American Revolution in the 1770s, and then to Australia between... . Among a group of convicts taken on board a shorthanded ship as crew. The convicts commandeered the ship and sailed for New Zealand. Hagerty was put ashore and died, Badger was never seen again.
Micajah "Big" Harpe Harpe Brothers Micajah "Big" Harpe and Wiley "Little" Harpe , pronounced and , were murderers, highwaymen, and river pirates, who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Mississippi in the late 18th century...	1768? – August 1799	1797–1799	United States	One of America's first known serial killers, was a Loyalists Loyalist (American Revolution) Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. At the time they were often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men. They were opposed by the Patriots, those who supported the revolution...  and a river pirate River pirate A river pirate is a type of pirate who operates in a river. The term river pirate has been used to describe many different kinds of pirate groups responsible for attacks all over world.-History:...  and highwayman Highwayman A highwayman was a thief and brigand who preyed on travellers. This type of outlaw, usually, travelled and robbed by horse, as compared to a footpad who traveled and robbed on foot. Mounted robbers were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads... , who preyed on travelers along the Ohio River Ohio River The Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is even bigger than the Mississippi and, thus, is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system, including the Allegheny River further upstream...  and the waterways of Tennessee Tennessee Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area... , Kentucky Kentucky The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth... , and Illinois Illinois Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,... . He and his brother, Wiley "Little" Harpe Harpe Brothers Micajah "Big" Harpe and Wiley "Little" Harpe , pronounced and , were murderers, highwaymen, and river pirates, who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Mississippi in the late 18th century...  were associates of Samuel Mason Samuel Mason Samuel Mason or Meason was a Revolutionary War militia captain on the frontier, who following the war, became the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen on the lower Ohio River and the Mississippi River in the late 18th and early 19th centuries...  and Peter Alston Peter Alston Peter Alston was the late 18th Century and early 19th Century counterfeiter and river pirate, who is believed to be Little Harpe's associate and partner in the murder of notorious outlaw leader Samuel Mason in 1803. He was the son of the colonial-era counterfeiter Philip Alston associated with... .
Wiley "Little" Harpe Harpe Brothers Micajah "Big" Harpe and Wiley "Little" Harpe , pronounced and , were murderers, highwaymen, and river pirates, who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Mississippi in the late 18th century...	1770? – January 1804	1797–1804	United States	One of America's first known serial killers, alias John Setton, was a Loyalists Loyalist (American Revolution) Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. At the time they were often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men. They were opposed by the Patriots, those who supported the revolution...  and a river pirate River pirate A river pirate is a type of pirate who operates in a river. The term river pirate has been used to describe many different kinds of pirate groups responsible for attacks all over world.-History:...  and highwayman Highwayman A highwayman was a thief and brigand who preyed on travellers. This type of outlaw, usually, travelled and robbed by horse, as compared to a footpad who traveled and robbed on foot. Mounted robbers were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads... , who preyed on travelers along the Ohio River Ohio River The Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is even bigger than the Mississippi and, thus, is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system, including the Allegheny River further upstream...  and Mississippi River Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...  and the waterways of Tennessee Tennessee Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area... , Kentucky Kentucky The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth... , Illinois Illinois Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,... , and Mississippi Mississippi Mississippi is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi... . He and his brother, Micajah "Big" Harpe Harpe Brothers Micajah "Big" Harpe and Wiley "Little" Harpe , pronounced and , were murderers, highwaymen, and river pirates, who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Mississippi in the late 18th century...  were associates of Samuel Mason Samuel Mason Samuel Mason or Meason was a Revolutionary War militia captain on the frontier, who following the war, became the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen on the lower Ohio River and the Mississippi River in the late 18th and early 19th centuries...  and Peter Alston Peter Alston Peter Alston was the late 18th Century and early 19th Century counterfeiter and river pirate, who is believed to be Little Harpe's associate and partner in the murder of notorious outlaw leader Samuel Mason in 1803. He was the son of the colonial-era counterfeiter Philip Alston associated with... .
Bully Hayes Bully Hayes William Henry "Bully" Hayes has been described as a South Sea pirate and "the last of the Buccaneers", who together with Ben Pease, engaged in blackbirding in the 1860s and 1870s. Hayes operated across the breadth of the Pacific in the 1850s until his murder on 31 March 1877 by his cook Peter...	1829–1877	1850–1877	United States	The Pirate of the South Sea Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World... , who was in charge of slavey Slavey The Slavey are a First Nations aboriginal people of the Dene group, indigenous to the Great Slave Lake region, in Canada's Northwest Territories, and extending into northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta.... in the South Pacific, and pilling clipper ships, and any other ship.
Albert W. Hicks Albert W. Hicks Albert W. Hicks , also known as William Johnson, John Hicks and 'Pirate Hicks', was the name of the last person executed for piracy in the United States .-Confession:"The affair occurred," said Hicks, "about half past nine or ten o'clock at night, while...	1820s–1860	1840s–1860	United States	Pirate who pilling Gold Camps in the California Gold Rush California Gold Rush The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands , and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to...  and he was hung on Liberty Island Liberty Island Liberty Island is a small uninhabited island in New York Harbor in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. Though so called since the turn of the century, the name did not become official until 1956. In 1937, by proclamation 2250, President Franklin D...  in 1860.
Bill Johnston Bill Johnston (pirate) Pirate Bill Johnston was a Thousand Islands smuggler, river pirate, and War of 1812 American privateer. He so annoyed the British in the 19th-century Canadian colonies that they called out the army every time his name made the newspapers. He was the man the British most wanted to hang...	1782–1870	1810–1860	United States	Nicknamed "Pirate of the Thousand Islands Thousand Islands The Thousand Islands is the name of an archipelago of islands that straddle the Canada-U.S. border in the Saint Lawrence River as it emerges from the northeast corner of Lake Ontario. They stretch for about downstream from Kingston, Ontario. The Canadian islands are in the province of Ontario, the... ".
Edward Jordan Edward Jordan Edward Jordan was an Irish rebel, fisherman and pirate in Nova Scotia. He was typical of the violent but short-lived pirates in the 19th century following the end of "Golden Age of Piracy" in the 18th century. Born in County Carlow, Ireland, he took part in the Irish rebellions of 1797-98 but...	1771–1809	1794–1809	Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...	Irish rebel, fisherman and pirate of Nova Scotia.
Jorgen Jorgensen	1780–1841	1807–1808	Denmark	Danish adventurer and writer, he was captured by the British as a privateer during the Napoleonic Wars Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to... .
Jean Lafitte Jean Lafitte Jean Lafitte was a pirate and privateer in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. He and his elder brother, Pierre, spelled their last name Laffite, but English-language documents of the time used "Lafitte", and this is the commonly seen spelling in the United States, including for places...	c. 1776–1826?	1803–1815 and 1817–1820s	France	French pirate (or privateer) active in the Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico is a partially landlocked ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In...  during the early 1800s. A wanted fugitive by the United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district... , he later participated in the Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812. American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the...  on the side of the Americans.
Pierre Lafitte Pierre Lafitte Pierre Lafitte was a pirate in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. He also ran a blacksmith shop in New Orleans, his legitimate business. Pierre was the historically less-well-known older brother of Jean Lafitte...	1770–1821	1803–1821	France	French pirate, and lesser-known brother of Jean Lafitte, active mainly in the Gulf of Mexico.
Sam Hall Lord	1778–1844	1800s–1840s	Barbados	Sam Lord was one of the most famous buccaneers on the island of Barbados Barbados Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint... .
Kazimierz Lux Kazimierz Lux Kazimierz Lux was an officer of the Polish Legions and a pirate in the Caribbean Sea during the early 19th century.Lux was born in Warsaw. Upon reaching the age of 15, he joined the Dąbrowski's Legions and fought during the Italian campaign...	1780–1846	1803–1819	Poland	The Polish Pirates of the Caribbean.
Samuel Mason Samuel Mason Samuel Mason or Meason was a Revolutionary War militia captain on the frontier, who following the war, became the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen on the lower Ohio River and the Mississippi River in the late 18th and early 19th centuries...	1739–1803	to 1803	United States	Initially, an Revolutionary War American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...  Patriot Patriot A patriot is someone who feels a strong support for his or her country. See Patriotism.Patriot or Patriots may also refer to:- Politics :* Patriot Party , various political parties...  captain in the Ohio County, Virginia Ohio County, West Virginia As of the census of 2000, there were 47,427 people, 19,733 households, and 12,155 families residing in the county. The population density was 447 people per square mile . There were 22,166 housing units at an average density of 209 per square mile...  militia and an associate judge Judge A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...  and squire Justice of the Peace A justice of the peace is a puisne judicial officer elected or appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace. Depending on the jurisdiction, they might dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions...  in Kentucky, Mason later, ran a gang of highway robbers and waterways river pirates.
John A. Murrell John Murrell (bandit) John A. Murrell , a near-legendary bandit operating in the United States along the Mississippi River in the mid-nineteenth century...	(1806?–1844)	to 1834	United States	Near-legendary bandit, known as the "Great Western Land Pirate," ran a gang of river pirates and highwaymen along the Mississippi River Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains... .
Shap Ng-tsai	fl. 1840s	1845–1849	China	Commanded around 70 junks in the South China Sea South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...  before retiring and accepting a pardon from the Chinese government.
Benito de Soto Benito de Soto Benito Soto Aboal was aGalician pirate, and captain of the Burla Negra ....	1805–1830	1827–1830	Spain	The most notorious of the last generation to attack shipping on the Atlantic Ocean.
Rachel Wall Rachel Wall Rachel Wall was an American female pirate, and the last woman to be hanged in Massachusetts. She may also have been the first American-born woman to become a pirate.-Early life:...	c.1760-October 8th, 1789	1781–1782	Province of Pennsylvania Province of Pennsylvania The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania Colony, was founded in British America by William Penn on March 4, 1681 as dictated in a royal charter granted by King Charles II...	Rachel and her husband George Wall were active off the New Hampshire New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian...  coast until George and the crew were washed out to sea. She was hanged in Boston Boston Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...  on 8 October 1789.
Alexander White	to 1784	fl. 1784	East Coast of America	Hanged for piracy in Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...  in November 1784.
Dominique You Dominique You Dominique You was a privateer, pirate, and soldier.Born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue in 1775, You joined the army of Revolutionary France as an artillerist. He served in the French Republic's artillery corp. In 1802 he accompanied General Victor Leclerc to Santo Domingo to quell...	1775–1830	1802–1814	Haiti	Acquired a reputation for daring as a pirate. Retired to become a politician in New Orleans.

Piracy in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries: 1901-

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Name	Life	Years Active	Country of origin	Comments
Boysie Singh	1908–1957	1947–1956	Trinidad Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. With an area of it is also the fifth largest in...	Active in the waters between Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...  and Trinidad Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. With an area of it is also the fifth largest in... . Singh commonly attacked fishing boats, killing the crew and stealing the boat engine, before sinking the boat and selling the engine.
Paul Watson Paul Watson Paul Watson is a Canadian animal rights and environmental activist, who founded and is president of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, a direct action group devoted to marine conservation....	born 1950	1978-	Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...	Watson has had his confrontational tactics – particularly an incident involving butyric acid Butyric acid Butyric acid , also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates...  as well as sinking of ships – branded as piratical by some organisations.
"Roaring" Dan Seavey Dan Seavey Dan Seavey, also known as Roaring Dan Seavey, was a notorious pirate on the Great Lakes in the early 20th century.-Early life:...	1867–1949	1900–1930	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	Active in the American Great Lakes Great Lakes The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in northeastern North America, on the Canada – United States border. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total surface, coming in second by volume... .
Felix von Luckner Felix von Luckner Felix Graf von Luckner was a German nobleman, navy officer, author and noted sailor who earned the epithet Der Seeteufel -- and his crew that of Die Piraten des Kaisers -- for his exploits in command of the sailing commerce raider SMS Seeadler in...	1881–1966	1916–1917	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...	German navy officer nobleman privateer who the epithet Der Seeteufel (the Sea-Devil) -- and his crew that of Die Piraten des Kaisers (the Emperor's Pirates) -- for his exploits in command of the sailing commerce raider SMS Seeadler (Windjammer) SMS Seeadler (Windjammer) SMS Seeadler was a three-master windjammer. She was one of the last fighting steam/sail ships to be used in war when she served as a merchant raider with Imperial Germany in World War I....  (Sea Eagle) in 1916–1917, during World War I.
Peter de Neumann Peter de Neumann Commander Bernard Peter de Neumann GM RN was a British sailor, convicted pirate, and dockmaster....	1917–1972	21 June 1941	United Kingdom United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...	Second Officer aboard the RN prize vessel Criton (captured from the Vichy French). Widely known as "The Man From Timbuctoo".
Asad 'Booyah' Abdulahi	1966-	1998-	Somalia Somalia Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...	Somali pirate boss, active in capturing ships in the Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aden The Gulf of Aden is located in the Arabian Sea between Yemen, on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and Somalia in the Horn of Africa. In the northwest, it connects with the Red Sea through the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, which is about 20 miles wide....  and Indian Ocean Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...  for ransoms.
Abdul Hassan	1969-	2005-	Somalia Somalia Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...	Somali pirate nicknamed "the one who never sleeps". Leader of the 350-men strong group "Central Regional Coast Guard", active in capturing ships for ransoms.

Ancient World

• Bulwer, Edward Lytton. Athens, Its Rise and Fall: With Views of the Literature, Philosophy, and Social Life of the Athenian People. New York: Harper & brothers Publishers, 1852.
• Livy
  Livy
  Titus Livius — known as Livy in English — was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, "Chapters from the Foundation of the City," covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome well before the traditional foundation in 753 BC...
  
  , History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
• Plutarch
  Plutarch
  Plutarch then named, on his becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus , c. 46 – 120 AD, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia...
  
  , "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives
  Parallel Lives
  Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly called Parallel Lives or Plutarch's Lives, is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, written in the late 1st century...
  
  , Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden
  John Dryden
  John Dryden was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden.Walter Scott called him "Glorious John." He was made Poet...
  
   (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
• Polybius
  Polybius
  Polybius , Greek ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his work, The Histories, which covered the period of 220–146 BC in detail. The work describes in part the rise of the Roman Republic and its gradual domination over Greece...
  
  , Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
• Pritchett, William Kendrick. The Greek State at War. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974. ISBN 0-520-02565-2
• Rawlinson, George; Benjamin Jowett, Henry Graham Dakyns and Edward James Chinnock. Greek Historians: The Complete and Unabridged Historical Works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon and Arrian. New York: Random House Incorporated, 1942.
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Shaw, Philip. The Sublime. New York: Routledge, 2006. ISBN 0-415-26847-8
• Strabo
  Strabo
  Strabo, also written Strabon was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.-Life:Strabo was born to an affluent family from Amaseia in Pontus , a city which he said was situated the approximate equivalent of 75 km from the Black Sea...
  
  , Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.
• Thirlwall, Connop. A History of Greece. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1846.
• Walbank, F. W.
  F. W. Walbank
  Frank William Walbank, CBE was a scholar of ancient history, particularly the history of Polybius. He was born in Bingley, Yorkshire and died in Cambridge.-Biography:...
  
  , Philip V of Macedon, The University Press (1940).
• Waltari, Mika; The Etruscan (Turms kuolematon, 1955).
• Wilkes, John, The Illyrians (Peoples of Europe), Blackwell Publishers, (December 1, 1995) ISBN 0-631-19807-5.

Middle Ages

• Bono, Salvatore, Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993.
• Bottling, Douglas. The Pirates. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books Inc., 1978.
• Bracker, Jörgen : Klaus Störtebeker – only one of them. The history of the Vitalienbrüder. In: Wilfried honour-break (Hrsg.): Störtebeker. 600 years after its death (Hansi studies; Bd. 15). Porta Alba publishing house, Luebeck 2001, ISBN 3-933701-14-7
• Bradford, Ernle, The Sultan's Admiral: the Life of Barbarossa, London, 1968.
• Currey, E. Hamilton, Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean,, London, 1910
• John of Fordun
  John of Fordun
  John of Fordun was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th century; and it is probable that he was a chaplain in the St Machar's Cathedral of...
  
  , Chronicle of the Scottish Nation. Edited by William Forbes Skene
  William Forbes Skene
  William Forbes Skene , Scottish historian and antiquary, was the second son of Sir Walter Scott's friend, James Skene , of Rubislaw, near Aberdeen....
  
  , translated by Felix J.H. Skene. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
• Knecht, R.J. Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-57885-X
• McDonald, R. Andrew Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266. Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. ISBN 1-86232-236-8
• Oram, Richard
  Richard Oram
  Professor Richard D. Oram F.S.A. is a Scottish historian. He is a Professor of Medieval and Environmental History at the University of Stirling and an Honorary Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen. He is also the director of the Centre for Environmental History and Policy at the...
  
  , David I: The King who made Scotland. Tempus, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-2825-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• William of Newburgh
  William of Newburgh
  William of Newburgh or Newbury , also known as William Parvus, was a 12th-century English historian and Augustinian canon from Bridlington, Yorkshire.-Biography:...
  
  , Historia rerum anglicarum, Book 1 Ch.24, "Of bishop Wimund, his life unbecoming a bishop, and how he was deprived of his sight", Full-text online.
• Wolf, John B., The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, New York, 1979; ISBN 0-393-01205-0

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers: 1560–1650

• Andrade, Tonio. "The Company's Chinese Pirates: How the Dutch East India Company Tried to Lead a Coalition of Pirates to War Against China, 1621–1662."
• Bicheno, Hugh Crescent and Cross: The Battle of Lepanto 1571, Phoenix Paperback, 2004, ISBN 1-84212-753-5
• Currey, E. Hamilton Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean, London, 1910.
• Earle, Peter. The Pirate Wars, 2003
• Gerhard, Peter. Pirates of New Spain, 1575–1742. Mineola, NY: Courier Dover Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-486-42611-4
• van der Hoven, Marco, ed. Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568–1648. Brill Academic Publishers, 1997. ISBN 90-04-10727-4
• Hughes-Hallett, Lucy. Heroes: A History of Hero Worship. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York, 2004. ISBN 1-4000-4399-9.
• Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Providence Island, 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-521-55835-8
• Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. ISBN 0-7656-0257-1
• Manthorpe, Jonathan. Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan. New York, 2005.
• Mattingly, Garett, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
  The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
  The Armada is a popular history by Garrett Mattingly—a historian who taught at Columbia University—about the attempt of the Spanish Armada to invade England...
  
  , ISBN 0-395-08366-4 – a detailed account of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, it received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 1960.
• Maxwell, Kenneth. Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues. London: Routledge (UK), 2003. ISBN 0-415-94576-3
• Mcgrath, John Terrence. The French in Early Florida: In the Eye of the Hurricane. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. ISBN 0-8130-1784-X
• Michael, Franz. The Origin of Manchu Rule in China. Baltimore, 1942. Journal of World History
  Journal of World History
  The Journal of World History is a refereed scholarly journal that presents historical analysis from a global point-of-view, focusing especially on forces that cross the boundaries of cultures and civilizations, including large-scale population movements, economic fluctuations, transfers of...
  
  , 2004 Dec.; 15(4):415-444.
• Miguel de Cervantes
  Miguel de Cervantes
  Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered the first modern novel, is a classic of Western literature, and is regarded amongst the best works of fiction ever written...
  
  , in chapter XXXIX of his classic El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, mentions Uluç Ali under the name of "Uchali", describing briefly his rise to the regency of Algiers.
• Rodger, N.A.M. The Safeguard of the Sea; A Naval History of Britain 660–1649. (London, 1997).
• Roding, Juliette and Lex Heerma van Voss, ed. The North Sea and Culture (1550–1800). Larenseweg, Netherlands: Uitgeverij VerLoren, 1996. ISBN 90-6550-527-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Schmidt, Benjamin. Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-521-80408-6
• Stradling, R.A. The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1668 (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History). Cambridge University Press
  Cambridge University Press
  Cambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest publishing house, and the second largest university press in the world...
  
  , 1992. ISBN 978-0521405348 (issued in paperback 2004, ISBN 978-0521525121)
• Wolf, John B. The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, W.W. Norton, New York/London, 1979, ISBN 0-393-01205-0.

Age of the Buccaneers

Buccaneer

The buccaneers were privateers who attacked Spanish shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the late 17th century.The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate...

: 1650–1690

• Haring, Clarence. The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the XVII Century. Methuen, 1910.
• Walpole, Horace, Letters, Volume 4 (at Project Gutenberg
  Project Gutenberg
  Project Gutenberg is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks". Founded in 1971 by Michael S. Hart, it is the oldest digital library. Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of public domain books...
  
  )
• Marley, David F. Pirates and Privateers of the Americas. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1994.
• Morris, Mowbray. Tales of the Spanish Main. Kessinger Publishing, 2005. ISBN 141795373X
• Riccardo Capoferro, Frontiere del racconto. Letteratura di viaggio e romanzo in Inghilterra, 1690–1750, Meltemi, 2007.
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Rogozinski, Jan. Pirates: an A-Z Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.
• The Voyages and Adventures of Capt. Barth. Sharp and Others in the South Sea, Being a Journal of the Same; Also Capt. Van Horn with His Buccanieres Surprising of La Veracruz; to Which is Added the True Relation of Sir Henry Morgan His Expedition Against the Spaniards in the West-Indies and His Taking Panama; Together with the President of Panama’s [i.e., Juan Perez de Guzman] Account of the Same Expedition, Translated Out of the Spanish; and Col. Beeston’s Adjustment of the Peace Between the Spaniards and English in the West Indies. London: Printed by B.W. for R.H. and S.T. and are to be sold by Walter Davis…, 1684.
• The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Golden Age of Piracy

Golden Age of Piracy

The Golden Age of Piracy is a common designation given to one or more outbursts of piracy in maritime history of the early modern period. In its broadest accepted definition, the Golden Age of Piracy spans from the 1650s to the 1730s and covers three separate outbursts of piracy:the buccaneering...

: 1690–1730

• Andrews, Thomas F. (editor) (1979) English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas: the Descriptive Accounts of Puerto Seguro by Edward Cooke (1712) and Woodes Rogers (1712), with Added Comments by George Shelvocke (1726) and William Betagh (1728). Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles.
• Bolster, W. Jeffrey. Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail.
• Breverton, Terry (2003) The Book of Welsh Pirates and Buccaneers. Glyndwr Publishing. ISBN 1-903529-09-3
• Cooke, Edward (1712) A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World. 3 vols. Lintot, London
• Ellms, Charles (1837) The Pirate's Own Book: Authentic Narratives of the Most Celebrated Sea Robbers. Portland ME: Sanborn & Carter (reissued: New York: Dover Publications 1993 ISBN 0-486-27607-4)
• Gilbert, H. (1986) The Book of Pirates. London: Bracken Books.
• Johnson, Charles (1724) A General History of the Pyrates. 2 vols. London: Charles Rivington
  • Johnson, Charles (1724) A General History of the Pyrates, from their First Rise and Settlement in the Island of Providence, to the Present Time.... 2nd ed. London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Warner
  • Johnson, Charles (1724) A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates (1998 ed.). Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-732-0.
  • Johnson, Charles (1728) The History of the Pirates: containing the lives of Captain Mission…. London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Woodward, 1728.
• Little, Bryan (1960) Crusoe's Captain: Being the Life of Woodes Rogers, seaman, trader, colonial governor. London: Odhams Press
• Menefee, S. P. "Vane, Charles," in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 56 (2004): pp. 94–95.
• Pennell, C. R. (2001) Bandits at Sea: a Pirates Reader. New York: NYU Press ISBN 0-8147-6678-1
• Pickering, David (2006) Pirates". CollinsGem. New York: HarperCollins Publishers; pp 80–82
• Rediker, Marcus (2004) Villains of All Nations: Atlantic pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon Press ISBN 0-8070-5024-5
• Rogers, Woodes (1712) A Cruising Voyage Round the World. London: Andrew Bell
• Rogozinski, Jan (1996) Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press ISBN 0-306-80722-X
• Rogozinski, Jan (2000) Honor Among Thieves: Captain Kidd, Henry Every, and the Pirate Democracy in the Indian Ocean. Stackpole Books ISBN 0811715299
• Seitz, Don Carlos, Gospel, Howard F. & Wood, Stephen (2002) Under the Black Flag: Exploits of the Most Notorious Pirates. Mineola, New York: Courier Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-42131-7
• Smith, Captain Alexander (1926) History of the Highwaymen. London: George Routledge & Sons ISBN 0-415-28678-6
• Steele, Philip (2004) The World of Pirates. Boston: Kingfisher Publications ISBN 0-7534-5786-5
• The Tryals of Major Stede Bonnet, and Other Pirates. London: Printed for Benj. Cowse at the Rose and Crown in St Paul's Church-Yard, 1719.

Decline of Piracy: 1730–1900

• Cordingly, David (1997). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books.
• Gregory, Kristiana. The Stowaway: A Tale of California Pirates. Scholastic Trade, 1995. ISBN 0-590-48822-8
• Pickering, David. "Pirates". CollinsGem. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY. pp-96-97. 2006
• Rothert, Otto A. The Outlaws of Cave-In-Rock, Otto A. Rothert, Cleveland 1924; rpt. 1996 ISBN 0-8093-2034-7

External links

Ancient World

• An article about the Roman Navy, with information on Anicetus.
• Herodotus - The History of Herodotus, with information on Dionysius the Phocaean.
• The Pirates Hold - Entry for Glauketas.

Middle Ages

• Jean Ango at Encyclopædia Britannica.com
• Genealogy - Pier Gerlofs Donia at Langenberg-Laagland.com, see Pier Gerlofs biography, downloadable PDF
• An article from the English Historical Review, vol 27 (1912) gives biographical details of Eustace the Monk.
• Chronological list of important dates and events in the life of Turgut Reis (Italian)
• Agreement on reparations for injuries and damages by vitalians (made between King Henry IV of England
  Henry IV of England
  Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence his other name, Henry Bolingbroke...
  
   and the Hanseatic League)
• Male Pirates: Klaus Störtebeker at Outlaw Wolf, an Outlaws Blog
• Magister Wigbold and the Likedeelers (in German)
• "Heard at Byland: Wimund’s Woes" from Byland Abbey
  Byland Abbey
  Byland Abbey is a ruined abbey and a small village in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England at .-History:It was founded as a Savigniac abbey in January 1135 and was absorbed by the Cistercian order in 1147. It wasn't an easy start for the community who had had to move five times before...
  
   website, Retrieved Jan. 2005.

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers (1560–1650)

• Two variants on the ballad of Andrew Bartin / Barton.
• Pirate's Cove: Abraham Blauvelt A short biography of Hendrik Brouwer.
• John D. Neville. "History of Thomas Cavendish", Heritage Education Program, US National Park Service.
• Christian Isobel Johnstone (1831). Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier. Oliver & Boyd. From Google Books.
• Christian Isobel Johnstone (1892). Early English voyagers : or, The adventures and discoveries of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier. London: Nelson. From Internet Archive
  Internet Archive
  The Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It offers permanent storage and access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, music, moving images, and nearly 3 million public domain books. The Internet Archive...
  
  
• Francois Le Clerc, at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove
• Isle of Tortuga: Jacob Collaart
• Oliver Seeler's website "Sir Francis Drake"
• Biography of Peter Easton at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• An exhibit in the National Archives on John Hawkins.
• A timeline of Piet Hein's life.
• Granuaile (Grace O'Malley) story and poem
• Privateers and Pirates: James Riskinner
• Captain John Ward at vleonica.com

Age of the Buccaneers (1650–1690)

• Jean Bart (English)
• Un dictionnaire biographique de la flibuste (1648–1688), Biographies - B
• Famous Historical Pirates - Edward Collier
• John Coxon at The Pirate King
• Notable Voyagers, W.H.G. Kingston and Henry Frith - Chapter XXI: Voyages and adventures of William Dampier – from AD 1674

Golden Age of Piracy (1690–1730)

• Brethren of the Coast: Captain Thomas Anstis
• Biography of Bartholomew Roberts
• The Pirate Cove! - George Booth
• Account of John Bowen's life by V'léOnica Roberts
• National Geographic, "Capt. Samuel Bellamy, Rogue Romeo"
• A Biography of Stede Bonnet
• Anne Bonny at TheWayofthePirates.com
• Christopher Condent at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove!
• Pirate Encyclopedia: Howell Davis
• Edward England section on V'lé Onica's Pirate Cove website
• Pirates hold: William Fly
• The Pirate Cove! - John Halsey
• Biography of Miguel Henríquez
• Benjamin Hornigold at TheWayofthePirates.com
• Benjamin Hornigold at AgeofPirates.com
• Entry for Thomas Howard on www.vleonica.com

Decline of Piracy (1730–1900)

• The California State Military Museum - Spanish and Mexican California: Hippolyte de Bouchard and His Attacks on the California Missions
• Hipólito (Hypolite) Bouchard and the Raid of 1818 article at the Monterey County Historical Society official website – URL accessed on December 2, 2005.
• American Museum of Natural History - Spanish Colonial History
• Gasparilla Pirate Festival
• José Gaspar site
• Bradlee's account of Gasparilla and the Story of Juan Gomez
• Charles Gibbs Treasure
• Charles Gibbs at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove!
• Don Pedro Gilbert at Age of Pirates.com
• "The Execution of Gordon, The Slave-Trader", Harper's Weekly
  Harper's Weekly
  Harper's Weekly was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor...
  
  , March 8, 1862.
• "Slave Captain to be Hanged", Worcester Aegis and Transcript, December 7, 1861, p 1. (From Letters of the Civil War (website), archived at Wayback Machine, November 15, 2004.)
• Australian Broadcasting Commission, 22 September 2003, transcript of television program on Jorgen Jorgenson
• A biography of Jørgensen
• Bell Anthology - Samuel Mason
• Samuel Mason at Cave-in-Rock
• Ching Shih at the Pirate's Hold
• Cheung Po Tsai Cave at discoverhongkong.com

Piracy in the 20th and 21st centuries

• The Politics of Extinction
• http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/11/05/071105fa_fact_khatchadourianDetailed profile of Paul Watson by Raffi Khatchadourian, from The New Yorker
  The New Yorker
  The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons and poetry published by Condé Nast...
  
  , November 5, 2007]
• USS Benjamin Franklin (SSBN-640)
  USS Benjamin Franklin (SSBN-640)
  |...