Canada
Overview
 
Canada is a North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

n country consisting of ten provinces and three territories
Provinces and territories of Canada
The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second-largest country by area. There are ten provinces and three territories...

. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...

 in the east to the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...

 in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...

. Spanning over 9.9 million square kilometres, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 is the longest land border in the world.

The land that is now Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples
Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have fallen into disuse in Canada and are commonly considered pejorative....

.
Timeline

1534    Jacques Cartier begins the voyage during which he discovers Canada and Labrador.

1541    French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada.

1578    Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England to Frobisher Bay, Canada, eventually to mine fool's gold, used to pave streets in London.

1604    Samuel de Champlain discovers the mouth of the Saint John River, site of Reversing Falls and the present day city of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.

1613    The first English child born in Canada at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland to Nicholas Guy.

1620    Construction of the oldest stone church in French North America, Notre-Dame-des-Anges, begins in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.

1713    The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.

1733    The right of Canadians to keep Indian slaves is upheld at Quebec City.

1745    British troops take Cape Breton Island, which is now part of Nova Scotia, Canada.

1760    Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada taken from the Acadians.

Quotations

I am proud to be the first member of the Canadian Royal Family to be greeted in Canada's newest Territory.

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II of Canada speaking in Iqaluit, Nunavut, from the Throne of the Territorial Legislature, 2002.

As we enter our centennial year we are still a young nation, very much in the formative stages. Our national condition is still flexible enough that we can make almost anything we wish of our nation. No other country is in a better position than Canada to go ahead with the evolution of a national purpose devoted to all that is good and noble and exellent in the human spirit.

Lester B. Pearson

Canada is a country whose main exports are hockey players and cold fronts. Our main imports are baseball players and acid rain.

Pierre E. Trudeau

We'll explain the appeal of curling to you if you explain the appeal of the National Rifle Association to us.

Andy Barrie

Canada is like an old cow. The West feeds it. Ontario and Quebec milk it. And you can well imagine what it's doing in the Maritimes.

Former Saskatchewan premier Tommy Douglas

Canadians are the people who learned to live without the bold accents of the natural ego-trippers of other lands.

Marshall McLuhan

I am so excited about Canadians ruling the world.

Prime Minister John Diefenbaker

"If the national mental illness of the United States is megalomania, that of Canada is paranoid schizophrenia."

en:Margaret Atwood|Margaret Atwood

"We French & English never lost our civil war/ endure it still/ a bloody civil bore."

Earle Birney, "Can. Lit."

 
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