List of geneticists and biochemists
Encyclopedia
This is a list of people who have made notable contributions to genetics. The growth and development of genetics represents the work of many people. This list of geneticists is therefore by no means complete. Contributors of great distinction to genetics are not yet on the list.
A
- Dagfinn Aarskog (1928- ), Norwegian pediatrician and geneticist, described Aarskog-Scott syndromeAarskog-Scott syndromeAarskog–Scott syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by short stature, facial abnormalities, skeletal and genital anomalies.The Aarskog–Scott syndrome is also known as the Aarskog syndrome, faciodigitogenital syndrome, shawl scrotum syndrome and faciogenital dysplasia.-Signs and...
- Jon Aase (1936- ), US dysmorphologist, described Aase syndromeAase syndromeAase syndrome or Aase-Smith syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by anemia with some joint and skeletal deformities. Aase syndrome is thought to be an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. The genetic basis of the disease is not known...
, expert on fetal alcohol syndromeFetal alcohol syndromeFetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Current research also implicates other lifestyle choices made by the prospective mother... - John AbelsonJohn AbelsonJohn Abelson is an American molecular biologist with expertise in biophysics, biochemistry, and genetics. He was a professor at the California Institute of Technology ....
(c.1939- ), US biochemist, studies of machinery and mechanism of RNA splicingRNA splicingIn molecular biology and genetics, splicing is a modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined. This is needed for the typical eukaryotic messenger RNA before it can be used to produce a correct protein through translation... - Susan L. Ackerman, US neurogeneticist, genes controlling brain development and neuronNeuronA neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. Chemical signaling occurs via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to each other to form networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous...
survival - Jerry AdamsJerry AdamsJerry McKee Adams, FAA, FRS is a molecular biologist whose research into the genetics of haemopoietic differentiation and malignancy, led him and his wife, Professor Suzanne Cory, to be the first two scientists to pioneer gene cloning techniques in Australia, and to successfully clone mammalian...
(1940- ), US molecular biologist in Australia, hematopoietic genetics and cancer - Bruce AlbertsBruce AlbertsBruce Michael Alberts is an American biochemist known for his work in science public policy and as an original author of the Molecular Biology of the Cell...
(1938- ), US biochemist, phage worker, studied DNA replicationDNA replicationDNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA; it is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with one double-stranded DNA molecule and produces two identical copies of the molecule...
and cell divisionCell divisionCell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells . Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. This type of cell division in eukaryotes is known as mitosis, and leaves the daughter cell capable of dividing again. The corresponding sort... - William Allan (1881–1943), US country doctor, pioneered human genetics
- C. David AllisC. David AllisCharles David Allis is an American molecular biologist, and is currently the Joy and Jack Fishman Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics at The Rockefeller University. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001...
(1951– ), US biologist with a fascination for chromatinChromatinChromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. The primary functions of chromatin are; to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene... - Carl-Henry AlströmCarl-Henry AlströmCarl-Henry Alström was a Swedish psychiatrist who described a syndrome now named for him, Alström syndrome, an hereditary disorder that characteristically includes obesity in childhood, nerve deafness and retinal degeneration .-External links:* biographical sketch on site*...
(1907–1993), Swedish psychiatrist, described genetic disease: Alstrom syndromeAlstrom syndromeAlström syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene ALMS1. It is among the rarest genetic disorders in the world, as currently it has only 266 reported cases in medical literature and over 501 known cases in 47 countries. It was first described by Carl-Henry Alström in... - Sidney AltmanSidney AltmanSidney Altman is a Canadian American molecular biologist, who is currently the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R...
(1939- ), Canadian-US biophysicist who won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for catalytic functions of RNARNARibonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.... - Cecil A. AlportCecil A. AlportArthur Cecil Alport, M.D. was an English physician who first identified the Alport syndrome in a British family in 1927.-Biography:...
(1880–1959),UK internist, identified Alport syndromeAlport syndromeAlport syndrome or hereditary nephritis is a genetic disorder characterized by glomerulonephritis, endstage kidney disease, and hearing loss. Alport syndrome can also affect the eyes . The presence of blood in the urine is almost always found in this condition.It was first identified in a British...
(hereditary nephritisNephritisNephritis is inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys. The word "nephritis" was imported from Latin, which took it from Greek: νεφρίτιδα. The word comes from the Greek νεφρός - nephro- meaning "of the kidney" and -itis meaning "inflammation"....
and deafness) - David Altshuler (c.1965- ), US endocrinologist and geneticist, the genetics of type 2 diabetes
- Bruce AmesBruce AmesBruce Nathan Ames is an American biochemist. He is a professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute...
(1928- ), US molecular geneticist, created Ames testAmes testThe Ames test is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may act as a carcinogen, since cancer is often linked to mutation. However, a number of false-positives and false-negatives are known...
to screen chemicals for mutagenicity - D. Bernard Amos (1923–2003), UK-US immunologist who studied the genetics of individuality
- Edgar AndersonEdgar AndersonEdgar Anderson was an American botanist. His 1949 book Introgressive Hybridization was an original and important contribution to botanical genetics....
(1897–1969), eminent US botanical geneticist - E.G. ("Andy") Anderson, US DrosophilaDrosophila melanogasterDrosophila melanogaster is a species of Diptera, or the order of flies, in the family Drosophilidae. The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Starting from Charles W...
and maizeMaizeMaize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
geneticist - William French AndersonWilliam French AndersonWilliam French Anderson, M.D. is a U.S. physician, geneticist and molecular biologist. He is considered a pioneer of gene therapy. He graduated from Harvard College in 1958 and from Harvard Medical School in 1963...
(1936- ), US worker in gene therapyGene therapyGene therapy is the insertion, alteration, or removal of genes within an individual's cells and biological tissues to treat disease. It is a technique for correcting defective genes that are responsible for disease development... - Corino AndradeCorino AndradeMário Corino da Costa Andrade was a leading twentieth century Portuguese neurologist and researcher who first described the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy syndrome that later came to be associated with his name .Corino was a founder of the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, a...
(1906–2005), Portuguese neurologistNeurologistA neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...
and clinical geneticist - Tim Anson (1901–1968), US molecular biologist, proposed protein folding a reversible two-state reaction
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis (1951- ), US-Greek medical geneticist, genotypic and phenotypic variation
- Werner ArberWerner ArberWerner Arber is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Along with American researchers Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction endonucleases...
(1929- ), Swiss microbiologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for discovery of restriction endonucleases - Michael AshburnerMichael AshburnerMichael Ashburner FRS is a biologist and emeritus Professor in the Department of Genetics at University of Cambridge. He is also the former joint-head of the European Bioinformatics Institute of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory .Born in Sussex, England, Ashburner attended High Wycombe...
(1942- ), British DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
geneticist and polymathPolymathA polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable... - William AstburyWilliam AstburyWilliam Thomas Astbury FRS was an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules. His work on keratin provided the foundation for Linus Pauling's discovery of the alpha helix...
(1898–1961), UK molecular biologist, X-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a...
of proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s and DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... - Giuseppe AttardiGiuseppe AttardiGiuseppe Attardi was an American molecular biologist of Italian origin, a professor at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena...
, Italian-US molecular biologist, genetics of human mitochondrial function - Charlotte AuerbachCharlotte AuerbachCharlotte Auerbach FRSE FRS was a German zoologist and geneticist.Born in Germany, she fled to Scotland because of anti-Semitism. She became well known after 1942 when she, with A. J. Clark and J. M. Robson, discovered that mustard gas could cause mutations in fruit flies...
(1899–1994), German-born British pioneer in mutagenesisMutagenesisMutagenesis is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed in a stable manner, resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using laboratory procedures... - Oswald AveryOswald AveryOswald Theodore Avery ForMemRS was a Canadian-born American physician and medical researcher. The major part of his career was spent at the Rockefeller University Hospital in New York City...
(1877–1955), Canadian-born US co-discoverer that DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
is the genetic material - Richard AxelRichard AxelRichard Axel is an American neuroscientist whose work on the olfactory system won him and Linda B. Buck, a former post-doctoral scientist in his research group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004....
(1946- ) US physician-scientist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for genetic analysis of olfactory system - Austin Haddock(1992-) US Dna Scientist
B
- E. B. BabcockE. B. BabcockErnest Brown Babcock was an United States plant geneticist. His pioneering work on the genetics of the genus Crepis and his more than 100 published articles explaining plant evolution primarily in terms of genetics mark him as a pioneer in the application of genetics research.- References :*...
(1877–1954), US plant geneticist, pioneered genetic analysis of genus CrepisCrepisCrepis, commonly known in some parts of the world as hawksbeard or hawk's-beard , is a genus of about 200 annual and perennial flowering plants of the family Asteraceae superficially resembling the dandelion, the most conspicuous difference being that Crepis usually has branching... - Edouard-Gérard BalbianiEdouard-Gérard BalbianiEdouard-Gérard Balbiani was a French embryologist who was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He was educated in Frankfurt and Paris. In Paris he studied natural sciences under famed zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville...
(1823–1899), French embryologist who found chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
puffs now called Balbiani rings - David BaltimoreDavid BaltimoreDavid Baltimore is an American biologist, university administrator, and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He served as president of the California Institute of Technology from 1997 to 2006, and is currently the Robert A. Millikan Professor of Biology at Caltech...
(1938- ), US biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for the discovery of reverse transcriptaseReverse transcriptaseIn the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry, a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into single-stranded DNA. It also helps in the formation of a double helix DNA once the RNA has been reverse... - Guido BarbujaniGuido BarbujaniGuido Barbujani is an Italian population geneticist, evolutionist and literary author born in Adria, who has been working at the State University of New York at Stony Brook , at the Padua and Bologna Universities, and is now a professor at the University of Ferrara since 1996.-Works:A population...
(1955- ), Italian population geneticist and evolutionary biologist - Murray BarrMurray BarrMurray Llewellyn Barr, OC, FRSC, FRS was a Canadian physician and medical researcher who discovered with graduate student Ewart George Bertram, in 1948, an important cell structure, the "Barr body"....
(1908–1995), Canadian scientist, first saw Barr bodyBarr bodyA Barr body is the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell, rendered inactive in a process called lyonization, in those species in which sex is determined by the presence of the Y or W chromosome rather than the diploidy of the X or Z...
in cells due to inactive X chromosomeX chromosomeThe X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals and is common in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system... - Cornelia BargmannCornelia BargmannCornelia Isabella "Cori" Bargmann is an American neurobiologist. She is known for her work on the behavior in the C. elegans, particularly olfaction in the worm...
, US, molecular neurogeneticist studying the C. elegansCaenorhabditis elegansCaenorhabditis elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode , about 1 mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. Research into the molecular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model...
brain - David P. Bartel (B.A. 1982), US geneticist, discovered many microRNAs regulating gene expressionGene expressionGene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA or small nuclear RNA genes, the product is a functional RNA...
- William BatesonWilliam BatesonWilliam Bateson was an English geneticist and a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge...
(1861–1926), British geneticist who coined the term "genetics" - E. Baur (1875–1933), German geneticist, botanist, discovered inheritance of plasmidPlasmidIn microbiology and genetics, a plasmid is a DNA molecule that is separate from, and can replicate independently of, the chromosomal DNA. They are double-stranded and, in many cases, circular...
s - George Beadle (1903–1989), US NeurosporaNeurosporaNeurospora is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons....
geneticist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Peter Emil Becker (1908–2000), German human geneticist, described Becker's muscular dystrophyBecker's muscular dystrophyBecker muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressive muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis....
- Jon BeckwithJon BeckwithJonathan Roger Beckwith is a American microbiologist and geneticist. He is currently the American Cancer Society Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts....
, US microbiologist and geneticist, isolated first gene from a bacterial chromosome - Peter BeightonPeter BeightonPeter Herbert Beighton, a medical geneticist, was born in Lancashire in England in 1934 and qualified in medicine in 1957 at the University of London's St Mary's Hospital. After several internships, Beighton served as a Medical Officer in the Parachute Regiment and with the United Nations forces...
(1934- ) UK/South Africa medical geneticist, first warned of economy class syndrome - Julia BellJulia BellJulia Bell was a pioneering English human geneticist. She attended Girton College in Cambridge and took the Mathematical Tripos exam in 1901. But because women could not officially receive degrees from Oxford or Cambridge, she was awarded a master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin for her work...
(1879–1979), English geneticist who documented inheritance of many diseases - John BellingJohn BellingJohn Belling , born in Aldershot, England, was a cytogeneticist who developed the iron-acetocarmine staining technique which is used in the study of chromosomes. He entered Mason College at the University of Birmingham in 1892 and received his BSc from University College, London...
(1866–1933), English cytogeneticistCytogeneticsCytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ...
who developed staining technique for chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
s - Baruj BenacerrafBaruj BenacerrafBaruj Benacerraf was a Venezuelan-born American immunologist, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the "discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface protein molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and...
(1920- ), Venezuelan-US immunologist who won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for human leukocyte antigenHuman leukocyte antigenThe human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and...
system - Kurt BenirschkeKurt BenirschkeKurt Benirschke is a German-born American pathologist, geneticist and expert on the placenta and reproduction in humans and myriad mammalian species....
(1924- ), German-US pathologist, comparative cytogenetics, twinning in armadillos - Seymour BenzerSeymour BenzerSeymour Benzer was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at...
(1921- ), US molecular biologist and pioneer of neurogenetics
- List item Dorothea Bennett (1929-1990) US geneticist, Pioneer of developmental genetics
- Paul BergPaul BergPaul Berg is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids...
(1926- ), US biochemist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner for basic research on nucleic acidNucleic acidNucleic acids are biological molecules essential for life, and include DNA and RNA . Together with proteins, nucleic acids make up the most important macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information...
s - J. D. BernalJ. D. BernalJohn Desmond Bernal FRS was one of Britain’s best known and most controversial scientists, called "Sage" by his friends, and known for pioneering X-ray crystallography in molecular biology.-Origin and education:His family was Irish, of mixed Italian and Spanish/Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin...
(1901–1971), Irish physicist and pioneer X-ray crystallographerX-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a... - James Birchler, Drosophila and Maize geneticists and cytogenticistCytogeneticsCytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ...
. - J. Michael BishopJ. Michael Bishop-External links:**...
(1936- ), US microbial immunogeneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner for oncogenes - Elizabeth BlackburnElizabeth BlackburnElizabeth Helen Blackburn, AC, FRS is an Australian-born American biological researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who studies the telomere, a structure at the end of chromosomes that protects the chromosome. Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the...
(1948-), Australo-US biologist, Lasker AwardLasker AwardThe Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1946 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, founded by advertising pioneer Albert Lasker and his wife Mary...
and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for telomereTelomereA telomere is a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos "end" and merοs "part"...
s and telomeraseTelomeraseTelomerase is an enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands in the telomere regions, which are found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. This region of repeated nucleotide called telomeres contains non-coding DNA material and prevents constant loss of important DNA from... - Günter BlobelGünter Blobel-Biography:Blobel was born in Waltersdorf in the Prussian Province of Lower Silesia. In January 1945 his family fled from native Silesia from the advancing Red Army. On their way to the West they passed through the beautiful old city of Dresden, which left deep impressions in the young boy...
(1936- ), German-US biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for protein targetingProtein targetingProtein targeting or protein sorting is the mechanism by which a cell transports proteins to the appropriate positions in the cell or outside of it. Sorting targets can be the inner space of an organelle, any of several interior membranes, the cell's outer membrane, or its exterior via secretion...
(address tags on proteins) - David Blow (1931–2004), British biophysicist who helped develop X-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a...
of proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s - Baruch Blumberg (Barry Blumberg) (1925- ), US physician and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner on hepatitis B - Julia Bodmer (1934–2001), British geneticist, key figure in discovery and definition of the HLAHuman leukocyte antigenThe human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and...
system - Walter BodmerWalter BodmerSir Walter Bodmer is a German-born British human geneticist. His father being Jewish, the family left Germany in 1938 and settled in Manchester. Bodmer has developed models for population genetics and done work on the human leukocyte antigen system and the use of somatic cell hybrids for human...
(1936- ), German-UK human population geneticist, immunogeneticist, cancer research - James Bonner (1910–1996), far-ranging US molecular biologist, into histoneHistoneIn biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation...
s, chromatinChromatinChromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. The primary functions of chromatin are; to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene...
, nucleic acidNucleic acidNucleic acids are biological molecules essential for life, and include DNA and RNA . Together with proteins, nucleic acids make up the most important macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information...
s - David Botstein (1942- ), Swiss-born US molecular geneticist, brother of Leon BotsteinLeon BotsteinLeon Botstein is an American conductor and the President of Bard College . Botstein is the music director and principal conductor of the American Symphony Orchestra and conductor laureate of the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, where he served as music director and principal conductor from 2003-2010...
- Theodor BoveriTheodor Boveri-External links:* Fritz Baltzer. . excerpt from . University of California Press, Berkeley; pp. 85–97....
(1862–1915), German biologist and cytogeneticist - Peter BowenPeter BowenPeter Bowen is an American writer born in 1945.He lives in Livingston, Montana andhas worked as a cowboy, hunting and fishing guide, folksinger, poet, essayist, and novelist...
(1932–1988), Canadian medical geneticist - Herb BoyerHerbert BoyerHerbert W. Boyer is a recipient of the 1990 National Medal of Science, co-recipient of the 1996 Lemelson-MIT Prize, and a co-founder of Genentech. He served as Vice President of Genentech from 1976 through his retirement in 1991....
(1936- ), US, created transgenic bacteria inserting human insulin gene into E. coli - Paul D. BoyerPaul D. Boyer- External links :* , from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy* * *...
(1918- ), US biochemist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Jean BrachetJean BrachetJean Louis Auguste Brachet was a Belgian biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of RNA....
(1909–1998), Belgian biochemist, made key contributions to fathoming roles of RNARNARibonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.... - Roscoe BradyRoscoe BradyRoscoe O. Brady M.D., is a senior investigator at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, a part of the National Institute of Health, USA, where he is currently the chief of the Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch. Brady graduated from Pennsylvania State University and...
US physician-scientist at NIH, studies of genetic neurological metabolic disorders - Sydney BrennerSydney BrennerSydney Brenner, CH FRS is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with H...
(1927- ), British molecular biologist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Calvin BridgesCalvin BridgesCalvin Blackman Bridges was an American scientist, known for his contributions to the field of genetics. Along with Alfred Sturtevant and H.J. Muller, Bridges was part of the famous fly room of Thomas Hunt Morgan at Columbia University.Bridges wrote a masterful Ph.D...
(1889–1938), US geneticist, non-disjunction proof that chromosomes contain genes - R.A. BrinkRoyal Alexander BrinkRoyal Alexander Brink , also known as R. A. Brink, was a Canadian-born plant geneticist and plant breeder at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.- Professional background :...
(1897–1984), Canadian-US plant geneticist and breeder, studied paramutationParamutationIn epigenetics, paramutation is an interaction between two alleles of a single locus, resulting in a heritable change of one allele that is induced by the other allele...
, transposonTransposonTransposable elements are sequences of DNA that can move or transpose themselves to new positions within the genome of a single cell. The mechanism of transposition can be either "copy and paste" or "cut and paste". Transposition can create phenotypically significant mutations and alter the cell's...
s - Roy Britten (1919- ) US molecular and evolutionary biologist, discovered and studied junk DNA
- John BrookfieldJohn Brookfield (geneticist)John Brookfield, born in 1955, is a British population geneticist. He is Professor of Evolutionary Genetics at the University of Nottingham, in the School of Biology.-Research summary:...
Drosophila population geneticist. - Michael Stuart BrownMichael Stuart BrownMichael Stuart Brown is an American geneticist and Nobel Laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph L. Goldstein in 1985 for describing the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.- Life and career :...
(1941- ) US geneticist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner on cholesterol metabolism - Manuel BuchwaldManuel BuchwaldManuel Buchwald, O.C., Ph.D., F.R.S.C., is a Canadian geneticist and academic.Born in Lima, Peru, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree summa cum laude in 1962 from Dartmouth College and a Ph.D. in 1967 from Brandeis University. He was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.In 1971, he joined the...
(1940- ), Peruvian-born Canadian medical geneticist and molecular geneticist - Linda Buck (1947- ) US biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for post-doc work (with AxelRichard AxelRichard Axel is an American neuroscientist whose work on the olfactory system won him and Linda B. Buck, a former post-doctoral scientist in his research group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004....
) cloning olfactory receptorOlfactory receptorOlfactory receptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for the detection of odor molecules. Activated olfactory receptors are the initial player in a signal transduction cascade which ultimately produces a nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain...
s - James BullJames J. Bull (professor)James J. Bull is currently Johann Friedrich Miescher Regents Professor in Molecular Biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He is best known for his influential 1983 monograph, Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms....
, US molecular biologist and phage worker, evolution of sex determining mechanisms - Luther BurbankLuther BurbankLuther Burbank was an American botanist, horticulturist and a pioneer in agricultural science.He developed more than 800 strains and varieties of plants over his 54-year career. Burbank's varied creations included fruits, flowers, grains, grasses, and vegetables...
(1849–1926), US botanist, horticulturist, pioneer in agricultural science - Macfarlane BurnetFrank Macfarlane BurnetSir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, , usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology....
(1899–1985), Australian biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for immunological tolerance - Cyril BurtCyril BurtSir Cyril Lodowic Burt was an English educational psychologist who made contributions to educational psychology and statistics....
(1883–1971), British educational psychologist, did debated mental and behavioral twin studyTwin studyTwin studies help disentangle the relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on individual traits and behaviors. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioral genetics and related fields...
- Paul Berg
C
- John CairnsJohn Cairns (biochemist)John Forster Cairns FRS is a British physician and molecular biologist who made significant contributions to molecular genetics, cancer research, and public health....
(1922- ), UK physician-scientist, showed bacterial DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
one molecule with replicating fork - Allan CampbellAllan CampbellAllan M. Campbell is an American microbiologist and geneticist whose pioneering work on Lambda phage has helped advance molecular biology in the late 20th century.Dr...
, US microbiologist and geneticist, pioneering work on phage lambda - Howard CannHoward CannHoward Gardsell Cann was an American sportsman best known as the long-time men's basketball coach at New York University. He was also an Olympic shot putter and a college basketball and football player.- Playing career :...
, US pediatrician and geneticist, human population genetics at Stanford and CEPHCEPHCentre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain , now called the Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, is an international genetic research center located in Paris, France...
in Paris - Antonio Cao (1929- ), Italian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on the thalassemiaThalassemiaThalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive blood disease that originated in the Mediterranean region. In thalassemia the genetic defect, which could be either mutation or deletion, results in reduced rate of synthesis or no synthesis of one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin...
s - Mario CapecchiMario CapecchiMario Renato Capecchi is an Italian-born American molecular geneticist and a co-winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering a method for introducing homologous recombination in mice employing embryonic stem cells, with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies...
(1937- ), Italian-born US molecular geneticist, co-invented the knock-out mouse, Nobel prizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for Medicine, 2007 - Elof Axel CarlsonElof Axel CarlsonElof Axel Carlson is distinguished teaching professor emeritus at State University of New York at Stony Brook, as well as an American geneticist and noted historian of Science. Dr. Carlson earned his B.A. in 1953 from New York University, and his PhD in 1958 in zoology from Indiana University...
, US geneticist and eminent historian of science - Hampton CarsonHampton CarsonHampton Lawrence Carson was an eminent American biologist best known for his work on the chromosomes of new species of the fruit fly Drosophila and his contributions to our understanding of their evolution....
(1914–2004), US population geneticist, studied cytogeneticsCytogeneticsCytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ...
and evolutionEvolutionEvolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
of DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit... - Tom CaskeyC. Thomas CaskeyC. Thomas Caskey is an American internist who has been a prominent medical geneticist and biomedical entrepreneur. He is editor of the Dr. Caskey attended the University of South Carolina and the medical school at Duke University . As a medical student, he was a student biochemical fellow with...
(c.1938- ), US internist, human geneticist and entrepreneur; biochemical diseases - Torbjörn CasperssonTorbjörn CasperssonProfessor Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson was a Swedish cytologist and geneticist. He was born in Motala and attended the University of Stockholm, where he studied medicine and biophysics....
(1910–1997), Swedish cytogeneticist, revealed human chromosome banding - William B. CastleWilliam B. Castle (hematologist)William Bosworth Castle was an eminent American physician and physiologist who transformed hematology from a "descriptive art to a dynamic interdisciplinary science."-Work:...
(1897–1990), US hematologist, work on hereditary spherocytosisHereditary spherocytosisHereditary spherocytosis is a genetically-transmitted form of spherocytosis, an auto-hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells that are sphere-shaped rather than bi-concave disk shaped , and therefore more prone to hemolysis.-Symptoms:As in non-hereditary spherocytosis,...
, sickle cell anemia - William E. CastleWilliam E. CastleWilliam Ernest Castle was an early American geneticist.-Early years:William Ernest Castle was born on a farm in Ohio and took an early interest in natural history...
(1867–1962), US geneticistGeneticistA geneticist is a biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a researcher or lecturer. Some geneticists perform experiments and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of skills. A geneticist is also a Consultant or...
, inspired T.H. Morgan, father of William B. CastleWilliam B. CastleWilliam Bainbridge Castle was an American politician of the Whig Party who served as the 11th and final mayor of Ohio City from 1853 to 1854 and the 14th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1855 and 1856.... - David Catcheside (1907–1994) UK plant geneticist, expert on genetic recombinationGenetic recombinationGenetic recombination is a process by which a molecule of nucleic acid is broken and then joined to a different one. Recombination can occur between similar molecules of DNA, as in homologous recombination, or dissimilar molecules, as in non-homologous end joining. Recombination is a common method...
, active in Australia - Bruce Cattanach (1932- ), eminent UK mouse geneticist, X-inactivationX-inactivationX-inactivation is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by packaging into transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin...
and sex determinationSex-determination systemA sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Most sexual organisms have two sexes. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or even different genes that specify their sexual...
in mice - Luigi Luca Cavalli-SforzaLuigi Luca Cavalli-SforzaLuigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza is an Italian population geneticist born in Genoa, who has been a professor at Stanford University since 1970 .-Books:...
(1922- ), distinguished Italian population geneticist at Stanford UniversityStanford UniversityThe Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San... - Thomas CechThomas CechThomas Robert Cech is a chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel prize in chemistry with Sidney Altman, for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, which showed that life could have started as RNA...
(1947- ), US biochemist who won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for catalytic functions of RNARNARibonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.... - Aravinda ChakravartiAravinda ChakravartiDr. Aravinda Chakravarti is a human geneticist, an expert in computational biology and the 2008 President of the American Society of Human Genetics.-References :...
(1954- ), Indian-born bioinformatician studying genetic factors in common diseases - Jean-Pierre ChangeuxJean-Pierre ChangeuxJean-Pierre Changeux is a French neuroscientist known for his research in several fields of biology, from the structure and function of proteins , to the early development of the nervous system up to cognitive functions...
(1936- ), French molecular neurobiologist, studied allosteric proteins - Erwin ChargaffErwin ChargaffErwin Chargaff was an American biochemist who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi era. Through careful experimentation, Chargaff discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA...
(1905–2002), Austrian-born US biochemist, Chargaff's rulesChargaff's rulesChargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA...
led to the double helix - Brian CharlesworthBrian CharlesworthProfessor Brian Charlesworth FRS is a British evolutionary biologist at the University of Edinburgh, and editor of Biology Letters....
(1945- ), British evolutionary biologist, husband of Deborah Charlesworth - Deborah Charlesworth, British evolutionary biologist, wife of Brian CharlesworthBrian CharlesworthProfessor Brian Charlesworth FRS is a British evolutionary biologist at the University of Edinburgh, and editor of Biology Letters....
- Martha ChaseMartha ChaseMartha Cowles Chase , also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist famously known for being a member of the 1952 team which experimentally showed that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life. She was greatly respected as a geneticist. Chase was born in 1927 in...
(1927–2003), US biologist, with HerseyAlfred HersheyAlfred Day Hershey was an American Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist and geneticist.He was born in Owosso, Michigan and received his B.S. in chemistry at Michigan State University in 1930 and his Ph.D. in bacteriology in 1934, taking a position shortly thereafter at the Department of Bacteriology...
proved genetic material is DNA, not protein - Sergei ChetverikovSergei ChetverikovSergei Sergeevich Chetverikov was one of the early contributors to the development of the field of genetics...
(1880–1959), Russian population geneticist - Barton ChildsBarton ChildsBarton Childs was an American pediatrician and geneticist. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from Williams College in 1938. In 1942, he received his M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. Following military service in World War II, he returned to Johns Hopkins for a residency in...
(1916- ), US pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, philosopher of medical genetics - George ChurchGeorge ChurchGeorge Church is an American molecular geneticist. He is currently Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and MIT, and a core faculty member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University.With...
(1954- ), US molecular geneticist, did first direct genomic sequencing with GilbertWalter GilbertWalter Gilbert is an American physicist, biochemist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Gilbert was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 21, 1932... - Aaron CiechanoverAaron CiechanoverAaron Ciechanover is an Israeli biologist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.- Biography :Ciechanover was born in Haifa, British mandate of Palestine, a year before the establishment of the State of Israel...
(1947- ), IsraelIsraelThe State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
i biologist, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for ubiquitinUbiquitinUbiquitin is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Among other functions, it directs protein recycling.Ubiquitin can be attached to proteins and label them for destruction...
-mediated protein degradation - Bryan ClarkeBryan ClarkeProfessor Bryan Campbell Clarke FRS, born in 1932, is a British geneticist. He is professor emeritus of genetics at the University of Nottingham. Clarke is particularly noted for his work on apostatic selection and other forms of frequency-dependent selection, and work on polymorphism in snails,...
(1932- ), British population geneticist, studied apostatic selectionApostatic selectionApostatic selection is frequency-dependent selection by predators, particularly in regard to prey that are different morphs of a polymorphic species that is not a mimic of another species. It is closely linked to the idea of prey switching, however the two terms are regularly used to describe...
and molecular evolution - Cyril ClarkeCyril ClarkeSir Cyril Astley Clarke KBE, FRCP, FRCOG, FRC Path, FRS was a British physician, geneticist and lepidopterist...
(1907–2000), British medical geneticist, discovered how to prevent Rh diseaseRh diseaseRh disease is one of the causes of hemolytic disease of the newborn...
in newborns - Jens ClausenJens ClausenJens Christen Clausen was a Danish-American botanist, geneticist, and ecologist. He is considered a pioneer in the field of ecological and evolutionary genetics of plants.-Biography:Clausen was born in Eskilstrup, Denmark...
(1891–1969), Danish-US botanist, geneticist, and ecologist - Edward H. Coe, Jr. (1926- ), influential US maize (corn) geneticist
- Stanley CohenStanley Cohen (neurologist)Stanley Cohen is an American biochemist and Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine .He received his bachelor's degree in 1943 from Brooklyn College, where he had double-majored in chemistry and biology. After working as a bacteriologist at a milk processing plant to earn money, he...
(1922- ), US neurobiologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for cell growth factors - Francis Collins (1950- ), US medical geneticist, gene cloner, director of Human Genome InstituteNational Human Genome Research InstituteThe National Human Genome Research Institute is a division of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland.NHGRI began as the National Center for Human Genome Research , which was established in 1989 to carry out the role of the NIH in the International Human Genome Project...
- James J. CollinsJames Collins (Boston University)James J. Collins is an American bioengineer, Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Boston University, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator...
(1965- ), US bioengineer, pioneered synthetic biology and systems biology - Robert CoreyRobert CoreyRobert Brainard Corey was an American biochemist, mostly known for his role in discovery of the α-helix and the β-sheet with Linus Pauling. Also working with Pauling was Herman Branson. Their discoveries were remarkably correct, with even the bond lengths being accurate until about 40 years later...
(1897–1971), US biochemist, α-helix, β-sheet and atomic modelMolecular modelA molecular model, in this article, is a physical model that represents molecules and their processes. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behaviour is molecular modelling, and their graphical depiction is molecular graphics, but these topics are closely linked and each...
s for proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s - Carl CorrensCarl CorrensCarl Erich Correns was a German botanist and geneticist, who is notable primarily for his independent discovery of the principles of heredity, and for his rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's earlier paper on that subject, which he achieved simultaneously but independently of the botanists Erich...
(1864–1933), German botanist and geneticist, one of the re-discoverers of MendelGregor MendelGregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance...
in 1900 - Lewis L. Coriell (1911–2001), US pioneer in culturing human cells
- Diane W. Cox, Canadian medical geneticist and expert on Wilson disease
- Harriet CreightonHarriet CreightonHarriet Baldwin Creighton was an American botanist, geneticist and educator.Born in Delavan, Illinois, Creighton graduated from Wellesley College in 1929, and went on to complete her Ph.D. at Cornell University in 1933...
(1909–2004), US botanist who with McClintockBarbara McClintockBarbara McClintock , the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics...
first saw chromosomal crossoverChromosomal crossoverChromosomal crossover is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs during prophase I of meiosis in a process called synapsis. Synapsis begins before the synaptonemal complex develops, and is not completed... - Francis CrickFrancis CrickFrancis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953, together with James D. Watson...
(1916–2004), English molecular biologist, neuroscientist, co-discoverer of the double helix - James F. CrowJames F. CrowJames F. Crow is Professor Emeritus of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.Some of his most significant peer-reviewed contributions were coauthored with Motoo Kimura. His major contribution to the field, however, is arguably his teaching...
(1916- ), US population geneticist and renowned teacher of genetics - Lucien CuenotLucien CuenotLucien Cuénot was a French biologist. In the first half of the 20th century, Mendelism was not a popular subject among French biologists. Cuénot defied popular opinion and shirked the “pseudo-sciences” as he called them...
(1886–1901), French biologist, proved MendelGregor MendelGregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance...
's rules apply to animals as well as plants - A. Jamie CuticchiaA. Jamie CuticchiaA. Jamie Cuticchia, Ph.D., J.D. is an American geneticist and bioinformatics scientist with longstanding reputation in the areas of bioinformatics and genomics. In particular, he is was responsible for the collection of the data constituting the human gene map, prior to the final sequencing of the...
(1966- ), US geneticist, into human genome informaticsBioinformaticsBioinformatics is the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine. Bioinformatics deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, software...
D
- David M. Danks (1931–2003), Australian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on Menkes diseaseMenkes diseaseMenkes disease , also called Menkes syndrome, copper transport disease, steely hair disease, kinky hair disease, or Menkes kinky hair syndrome, is a disorder that affects copper levels in the body, leading to copper deficiency...
- C. D. DarlingtonC. D. DarlingtonCyril Dean Darlington FRS was an English biologist, geneticist and eugenicist, who discovered the mechanics of chromosomal crossover, its role in inheritance, and therefore its importance to evolution.-Early life:...
(1903–1981), British biologist and geneticist, elucidated chromosomal crossoverChromosomal crossoverChromosomal crossover is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs during prophase I of meiosis in a process called synapsis. Synapsis begins before the synaptonemal complex develops, and is not completed... - Charles DarwinCharles DarwinCharles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
(1809–1882), English naturalist and author of Origin of the Species - Kay DaviesKay DaviesDame Kay Elizabeth Davies, DBE, FRS is a British human geneticist.She is the Dr Lee's Professor of Anatomy at Oxford University and a fellow of Hertford College...
, English geneticist, expert on muscular dystrophyMuscular dystrophyMuscular dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.In the 1860s, descriptions of boys who... - Jean DaussetJean DaussetJean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France. He married Rose Mayoral in 1963, with whom he had two children, Henri and Irène...
(1916- ) French immunogeneticist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner for the HLAHuman leukocyte antigenThe human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and...
system - Martin DawsonMartin Henry DawsonMartin Henry Dawson was a Canadian-born researcher who made important contributions in the fields of infectious diseases....
(1896–1945), Canadian-US researcher, confirmed and named genetic transformationTransformation (genetics)In molecular biology transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake, incorporation and expression of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane. Transformation occurs naturally in some species of bacteria, but it can... - Margaret Dayhoff (1925–1983), US pioneer in bioinformaticsBioinformaticsBioinformatics is the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine. Bioinformatics deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, software...
of protein sequences and evolution - Albert de la Chapelle (1933- ), eminent Finnish medical geneticist, genetic predisposition to cancer
- Max DelbruckMax DelbrückMax Ludwig Henning Delbrück was a German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Delbrück was born in Berlin, German Empire...
(1906–1981), German-US scientist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for genetic structure of viruses - Charles DeLisiCharles DeLisiCharles DeLisi is the Metcalf Professor of Science and Engineering at Boston University, and also served as Dean of the College of Engineering from 1990 to 2000...
, US biophysicist, led the initiative that planned and launched the Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional... - Félix d'HerelleFélix d'HerelleFélix d'Herelle was a French-Canadian microbiologist, the co-discoverer of bacteriophages and experimented with the possibility of phage therapy.-Early years:...
(1873–1949), Canadian-French microbiologist, discovered phages, invented phage therapyPhage therapyPhage therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections. Although extensively used and developed mainly in former Soviet Union countries circa 1920, this method of therapy is still being tested for treatment of a variety of bacterial and poly-microbial... - Hugo de VriesHugo de VriesHugo Marie de Vries ForMemRS was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work, for introducing the term "mutation", and for developing a mutation...
(1848–1935), Dutch botanist and one of the re-discoverers of MendelGregor MendelGregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance...
's laws in 1900 - M. Demerec (1895–1966), Croatian-US geneticist, directed Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryThe Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is a private, non-profit institution with research programs focusing on cancer, neurobiology, plant genetics, genomics and bioinformatics. The Laboratory has a broad educational mission, including the recently established Watson School of Biological Sciences. It...
- Theodosius DobzhanskyTheodosius DobzhanskyTheodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky ForMemRS was a prominent geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the unifying modern evolutionary synthesis...
(1900–1975), noted Ukrainian-US geneticist and evolutionary biologist - John DoebleyJohn DoebleyJohn F. Doebley is an American botanical geneticist whose main area of interest is how genes drive plant development and evolution. He has spent the last two decades examining the genetic differences and similarities between teosinte and maize and has cloned the major genes that cause the visible...
, US geneticist, studies genes that drive development and evolution of plants - Peter Doherty (1940- ), Australian, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for immune recognition of antigenAntigenAn antigen is a foreign molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system. The immune system will then kill or neutralize the antigen that is recognized as a foreign and potentially harmful invader. These invaders can be molecules such as...
s - Albert Dorfman (1916–1982), US biochemical geneticist, discovered cause of Hurler's syndrome
- Gabriel DoverGabriel DoverGabriel A. Dover is a British geneticist. He is best known for coining the term molecular drive in 1982 to describe a putative third evolutionary force operating distinctly from natural selection and genetic drift...
, British evolutionary geneticist - NT Dubinin (1907–1998), Russian biologist and geneticist
- Bernard Dutrillaux (1940- ), French cytogeneticist, chromosome banding, comparative cytogenetics
- Christian de DuveChristian de DuveChristian René, viscount de Duve is a Nobel Prize-winning cytologist and biochemist. De Duve was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey, Great Britain, as a son of Belgian refugees. They returned to Belgium in 1920...
(1917- ), Belgian cytologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for cell organelles (peroxisomePeroxisomePeroxisomes are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, etherphospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains...
s, lysosomeLysosomethumb|350px|Schematic of typical animal cell, showing subcellular components. [[Organelle]]s: [[nucleoli]] [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] [[ribosomes]] [[vesicle |vesicle]] rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]]...
s)
E
- A.W.F. Edwards (1935-), British statistician, geneticist, developed methods of phylogenetic analysis
- John EdwardsJohn H. EdwardsJohn Hilton Edwards was a British medical geneticist. Edwards reported the first description of a syndrome of multiple congenital malformations associated the presence of an extra chromosome. The extra chromosome belonged to the E group of chromosomes which consisted of chromosomes 16, 17 and 18...
(1928-), British medical geneticist and cytogeneticist who first described trisomy 18 - Hans EibergHans EibergHans Eiberg, is a Danish geneticist, known for the discovery of the genetic mutation causing blue eyes.Hans Eiberg graduated as M.Sc. in 1970...
(1945- ), Danish geneticist, discovered the mutationMutationIn molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus. They can be defined as sudden and spontaneous changes in the cell. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic...
causing blue eyes - Eugene "Gene" J. Eisen (1938- ), American geneticist, experimental validation of the theory of genetic correlations; first to conduct a long-term selection experiment with transgenic mice
- R. A. Emerson (1873–1947), American plant geneticist, the main pioneer of corn genetics
- Sterling Emerson (1900–1988), American, biochemical genetics, recombinationGenetic recombinationGenetic recombination is a process by which a molecule of nucleic acid is broken and then joined to a different one. Recombination can occur between similar molecules of DNA, as in homologous recombination, or dissimilar molecules, as in non-homologous end joining. Recombination is a common method...
, son of R. A. Emerson - Alan Emery (1928- ), British neuromuscular geneticist, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophyEmery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophyEmery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a condition that chiefly affects muscles used for movement and heart muscle.It is named after Alan Eglin H. Emery and Fritz E. Dreifuss.-Presentation:...
- Boris EphrussiBoris EphrussiBoris Ephrussi , Professor of Genetics at the University of Paris, was a Russo-French geneticist from the Ephrussi family.His father, Samuil Osipovich Ephrussi, was a chemical engineer; his grandfather, Joseph Ephrusi , was the founder of a banking dynasty in Kishinev. He published two papers in...
(1901–1979), Russian-born French geneticist, created way to transplant chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
s - Robert C. ElstonRobert C. ElstonDr. Robert C. Elston is a distinguished statistical geneticist and professor at Case Western Reserve University. He was born in London, England. He is one of the eponyms of the Elston–Stewart algorithm.-External links:...
(1932- ), British-born American biostatistical genetics and genetic epidemiologistGenetic epidemiologyGenetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors... - Charlie Epstein, American medical geneticist, editor, developed mouse model for Down syndrome, wounded by the Unabomber
- Herbert McLean EvansHerbert McLean EvansHerbert McLean Evans was a U.S. anatomist and embryologist.He was born in Modesto, California. In 1908, he obtained his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University, eventually becoming its associate professor of anatomy...
(1882–1971), US anatomist, reported in 1918 humans had 48 chromosomes - Martin EvansMartin EvansSir Martin John Evans FRS is a British scientist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981...
, British scientist, discovered embryonic stem cells and developed knockout mouseKnockout mouseA knockout mouse is a genetically engineered mouse in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out," an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA... - Warren EwensWarren EwensWarren Ewens FRS, FAA is an Australian-born professor of biology at the University of Pennsylvania. He concentrates his research on the mathematical, statistical and theoretical aspects of population genetics. Ewens has worked in human population genetics, computational biology, and evolutionary...
, Australian-US mathematical population geneticist, Ewens's sampling formulaEwens's sampling formulaIn population genetics, Ewens' sampling formula, describes the probabilities associated with counts of how many different alleles are observed a given number of times in the sample.-Definition:...
F
- Alexander Cyril Fabergé (1912–1988), Russian-born Anglo-American geneticist, grandson of Carl Fabergé
- Arturo FalaschiArturo FalaschiArturo Falaschi was an Italian geneticist. He led a very successful life as a student, teacher and a science administrator. He graduated in Medicine in 1957 from Milan University and undertook two post doctoral studies. Firstly, with J...
(1933–2010), Italian geneticist, researched the origin of DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
replication - D. S. Falconer (1913–2004), Scottish quantitative geneticist, wrote textbook to the subject
- Stanley FalkowStanley FalkowStanley Falkow, PhD, is microbiologist and a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is sometimes referred to as the father of molecular microbial pathogenesis, which is the study of how infectious microbes and host cells interact to cause disease at...
, US microbial geneticist, molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesisPathogenesisThe pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism by which the disease is caused. The term can also be used to describe the origin and development of the disease and whether it is acute, chronic or recurrent... - Harold FallsHarold FallsHarold Francis Falls was an American ophthalmologist and geneticist. He helped found one of the first genetics clinic in US. The Nettleship-Falls syndrome, the most common type of ocular albinism, is named after him and English ophthalmologist Edward Nettleship.-References:* *...
(1909–2006), US ophthalmologic geneticist, helped found first genetics clinic in US - William C. Farabee (1865–1925), US anthropologist, brachydactylyBrachydactylyBrachydactyly , is a medical term which literally means "shortness of the fingers and toes" . The shortness is relative to the length of other long bones and other parts of the body. Brachydactyly is an inherited, usually dominant trait...
is evidence of Mendelism in humans - Nina FedoroffNina FedoroffNina Vsevolod Fedoroff is an American professor at Penn State university known for her research in life sciences and biotechnology. She received in 2006 the National Medal of Science in the field of Biological Sciences, the highest award for lifetime achievement in scientific research in the...
(c. 1945- ), US plant geneticist, cloning of transposable elements, plant stress response - Malcolm Ferguson-SmithMalcolm Ferguson-SmithMalcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith, FRS FRSE is a British geneticist.He was born in Glasgow in 1931, the son of physician John Ferguson-Smith and graduated from Glasgow University in 1955 with a degree in Medicine. In 1955-1956 he was House Physician and House Surgeon at the Western Infirmary in...
(1931- ) UK cytogeneticist, Klinefelter's syndromeKlinefelter's syndromeKlinefelter syndrome, 46/47, XXY, or XXY syndrome is a condition in which human males have an extra X chromosome. While females have an XX chromosomal makeup, and males an XY, affected individuals have at least two X chromosomes and at least one Y chromosome...
, chromosome flow cytometryFlow cytometryFlow cytometry is a technique for counting and examining microscopic particles, such as cells and chromosomes, by suspending them in a stream of fluid and passing them by an electronic detection apparatus. It allows simultaneous multiparametric analysis of the physical and/or chemical... - Philip J. Fialkow (1934–1996), US internist, educator, research in medical geneticsMedical geneticsMedical genetics is the specialty of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders. Medical genetics differs from Human genetics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, but medical genetics refers to the...
and cancer genetics - Giorgio Filippi (1935–1996), Italian medical geneticist, researched diseases linked to X chromosomeX chromosomeThe X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals and is common in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system...
- J.R.S. Fincham (1926–2005), British microbial (NeurosporaNeurosporaNeurospora is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons....
) and biochemical geneticist - Gerald FinkGerald FinkGerald Fink is an American biologist, who was Director of the Whitehead Institute at MIT from 1990-2001. He graduated from Amherst College in 1962 and received a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1965. He then taught at Cornell University where he became a Professor of Genetics. In 1982 he became a...
(1941- ), US molecular geneticist, preeminent figure in the field of yeast genetics - Andrew FireAndrew FireAndrew Zachary Fire is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference...
(1959- ), US geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
with Mello for discovery of RNA interferenceRNA interferenceRNA interference is a process within living cells that moderates the activity of their genes. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post transcriptional gene silencing , and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become... - Robert L. Fischer (1950- ), A US geneticist, contributed to the understanding of genomic imprinting and epigeneticsEpigeneticsIn biology, and specifically genetics, epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence – hence the name epi- -genetics...
- R.A. FisherRonald FisherSir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, eugenicist and geneticist. Among other things, Fisher is well known for his contributions to statistics by creating Fisher's exact test and Fisher's equation...
(1890–1962), British stellar statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist - Ed FischerEdmond H. FischerEdmond H. Fischer is a Swiss American biochemist. He and his collaborator Edwin G. Krebs were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes.-Early life:Fischer...
(1920- ), Swiss-US biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for phosphorylationPhosphorylationPhosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
as switch activating proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s - Eugen FischerEugen FischerEugen Fischer was a German professor of medicine, anthropology and eugenics. He was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics between 1927 and 1942...
(1874–1967), German physician, anthropologist, eugenicist, influenced Nazi racial hygiene - Asbjorn Folling (1888–1973), Norwegian biochemist and physician who discovered phenylketonuriaPhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase , rendering it nonfunctional. This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine...
(PKUPhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase , rendering it nonfunctional. This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine...
) - E.B. FordE.B. FordEdmund Brisco "Henry" Ford FRS Hon. FRCP was a British ecological geneticist. He was a leader among those British biologists who investigated the role of natural selection in nature. As a schoolboy Ford became interested in lepidoptera, the group of insects which includes butterflies and moths...
(1901–1988), British ecological geneticist, specializing in butterflies and moths - Charles FordCharles E. Ford-External links:* Charles E. Ford on the Internet Movie Database * Reviews of Jacare * *...
(1912–1999), British pioneer in the golden age of mammalian cytogenetics - Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat (1910–1999), German-born US biochemist who studied tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virus is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns on the leaves . TMV was the first virus to be discovered...
- Rosalind FranklinRosalind FranklinRosalind Elsie Franklin was a British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal and graphite...
(1920–1958), British crystallographerX-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a...
whose data led to discovery of double helix - Clarke FraserClarke FraserFrank Clarke Fraser, OC, FRSC is a Canadian medical geneticist. Spanning the fields of science and medicine, he was Canada's first medical geneticist, one of the creators of the discipline of medical genetics in North America, and laid the foundations in the field of Genetic Counselling, which...
(1920- ), Canada's first medical geneticist, student of congenital malformations - Elaine FuchsElaine FuchsElaine V. Fuchs is an American cell biologist, famous for her work on the biology and molecular mechanisms of mammalian skin and skin diseases, and has led the modernization of dermatology. Fuchs also pioneered reverse genetics approaches, which assess protein function first and then assesses its...
(c.1951- ), US cell biologist, molecular mechanisms of skin diseases, reverse geneticsReverse geneticsReverse genetics is an approach to discovering the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific gene sequences obtained by DNA sequencing. This investigative process proceeds in the opposite direction of so-called forward genetic screens of classical genetics... - Walter Fuhrmann (1924–1995), German medical geneticist, at Giessen University
- Douglas J. FutuymaDouglas J. FutuymaDouglas Joel Futuyma is an American biologist.-Academics:Futuyma graduated with a B.S. from Cornell University, and took his M.S. and Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on the interaction between plant-eating insects and the plants themselves. He was Lawrence B...
(1942- ), US evolutionary and ecological biologist
G
- Fred GageFred Gage-Scientific Background:Fred "Rusty" Gage is a professor in the Laboratory of Genetics at the Salk Institute, and has concentrated on the adult central nervous system and the unexpected plasticity and adaptability that remains throughout the life of all mammals...
, US neuroscientist, studies of neurogenesisNeurogenesisNeurogenesis is the process by which neurons are generated from neural stem and progenitor cells. Most active during pre-natal development, neurogenesis is responsible for populating the growing brain with neurons. Recently neurogenesis was shown to continue in several small parts of the brain of...
and neuroplasticityNeuroplasticityNeuroplasticity is a non-specific neuroscience term referring to the ability of the brain and nervous system in all species to change structurally and functionally as a result of input from the environment. Plasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes involved in...
of the adult brain - Joseph G. GallJoseph G. GallJoseph Grafton Gall is an American cell biologist and winner of the 2006 Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award. He also won the 2007 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize...
(1932- ), distinguished US cell biologist, chromosomes, created in situ hybridizationIn situ hybridizationIn situ hybridization is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA or RNA strand to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue , or, if the tissue is small enough , in the entire tissue... - André Gallais, French specialist in quantitative geneticsQuantitative geneticsQuantitative genetics is the study of continuous traits and their underlying mechanisms. It is effectively an extension of simple Mendelian inheritance in that the combined effects of one or more genes and the environments in which they are expressed give rise to continuous distributions of...
and breedingSelective breedingSelective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is sometimes done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties,...
methods theory - Francis GaltonFrancis GaltonSir Francis Galton /ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈgɔːltn̩/ FRS , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician...
(1822–1911), British geneticist, eugenicist, statistician - George GamowGeorge GamowGeorge Gamow , born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov , was a Russian-born theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He discovered alpha decay via quantum tunneling and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave...
(1904–1968), Ukrainian-born American polymathPolymathA polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable...
, proposed genetic codeGenetic codeThe genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells....
concept - Eldon J. Gardner (1909–1989), US professor of genetics in UtahUtahUtah is a state in the Western United States. It was the 45th state to join the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,763,885 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the...
, described Gardner's syndromeGardner's syndromeGardner syndrome, also known as familial colorectal polyposis, is an autosomal dominant form of polyposis characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the colon together with tumors outside the colon... - Alan Garen (c.1924- ), US, early molecular geneticist, nonsenseNonsenseNonsense is a communication, via speech, writing, or any other symbolic system, that lacks any coherent meaning. Sometimes in ordinary usage, nonsense is synonymous with absurdity or the ridiculous...
triplets terminating transcriptionTranscription (genetics)Transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correct enzymes... - Archibald GarrodArchibald GarrodSir Archibald Edward Garrod KCMG, FRS was an English physician who pioneered the field of inborn errors of metabolism.- Education and Personal Life :...
(1857–1936), English physician, pioneered inborn errors, founded biochemical genetics - Stan GartlerStanley GartlerStanley Michael Gartler is a cell and molecular biologist and human geneticist. He was the first scientist to offer conclusive evidence for the clonality of human cancers. He and Walter Nelson-Rees identified that HeLa cells had contaminated many cell lines thought to be unique...
(1923-), US human geneticist, G6PD as X-linked marker, clonality of cancer, HeLa cells contaminating cell lines - Luigi Gedda (1902–2000), Italian geneticist best known for his fascination with twin studies
- Walter Gehring (1939- ), Swiss, developmental genetics of DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
, discovered homeoboxHomeoboxA homeobox is a DNA sequence found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development in animals, fungi and plants.- Discovery :... - Park S. Gerald (1921–1993), US medical geneticist, research on hemoglobinHemoglobinHemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, as well as the tissues of some invertebrates...
s and chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
s - James L. German, US medical geneticist & cytogeneticist, pioneer on Bloom syndromeBloom syndromeBloom's syndrome , also known as Bloom–Torre–Machacek syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive chromosomal disorder characterized by a high frequency of breaks and rearrangements in an affected person's chromosomes. The condition was discovered and first described by dermatologist Dr...
- Walter GilbertWalter GilbertWalter Gilbert is an American physicist, biochemist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Gilbert was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 21, 1932...
(1932- ), US biochemist and molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner, entrepreneur - H. Bentley GlassH. Bentley GlassHiram Bentley Glass was an American geneticist and noted columnist. Born in China to missionary parents, he attended college at Baylor University in Texas. He then furthered his education at the University of Texas, where he received his Ph.D. degree under the mentorship of geneticist Hermann...
(1906–2005) US geneticist, provocative science theorizer, writer, science policy maker - Salome Gluecksohn-WaelschSalome Gluecksohn-WaelschSalome Gluecksohn-Waelsch was a German-born U.S. geneticist and co-founder of developmental genetics.- Life and scientific career :...
(1907- ), German-born US co-founder of developmental genetics - Richard GoldschmidtRichard GoldschmidtRichard Benedict Goldschmidt was a German-born American geneticist. He is considered the first to integrate genetics, development, and evolution. He pioneered understanding of reaction norms, genetic assimilation, dynamical genetics, sex determination, and heterochrony...
(1878–1958),German-American, integrated genetics, development, & evolution - Joseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. Goldstein from Kingstree, South Carolina is a Nobel Prize winning biochemist and geneticist, and a pioneer in the study of cholesterol metabolism.-Biography:...
(1940- ), US medical geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner on cholesterol - Richard M. Goodman (1932–1989), US-Israeli clinical geneticist, pioneered Jewish genetic diseases
- Robert J. GorlinRobert J. GorlinRobert James Gorlin was a professor and researcher at the University of Minnesota known for pioneering research into craniofacial disorders.Gorlin was born in Hudson, New York on January 11, 1923, and died in Minneapolis, Minnesota on August 29, 2006....
(1923–2006) US oral pathologist, clinical geneticist, craniofacial syndrome expert - Carol W. GreiderCarol W. GreiderCarolyn Widney "Carol" Greider is an American molecular biologist. She is Daniel Nathans Professor and Director of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University. She discovered the enzyme telomerase in 1984, when she was a graduate student of Elizabeth Blackburn at the University of...
(1961- ), US molecular biologist, Lasker AwardLasker AwardThe Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1946 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, founded by advertising pioneer Albert Lasker and his wife Mary...
for telomereTelomereA telomere is a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos "end" and merοs "part"...
s and telomeraseTelomeraseTelomerase is an enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands in the telomere regions, which are found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. This region of repeated nucleotide called telomeres contains non-coding DNA material and prevents constant loss of important DNA from... - Frederick GriffithFrederick GriffithFrederick Griffith was a British bacteriologist whose focus was the epidemiology and pathology of bacterial pneumonia. In January 1928 he reported what is now known as Griffith's Experiment, the first widely accepted demonstrations of bacterial transformation, whereby a bacterium distinctly...
(1879–1941), British medical officer who found transforming principle now called DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... - Clifford Grobstein (1916–1998), US scientist, bridged classical embryology and developmental biology
- Jean de Grouchy (1926–2003), French pioneer of clinical cytogeneticsCytogeneticsCytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ...
& karyotypeKaryotypeA karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism.p28...
-phenotypePhenotypeA phenotype is an organism's observable characteristics or traits: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior...
correlation - Hans GrunebergHans GrunebergHans Grüneberg, also written as Hans Grueneberg and Hans Gruneberg, was a British geneticist. Grüneberg was born in Wuppertal–Elberfeld in Germany. He obtained an MD from the University of Bonn, a PhD in biology from the University of Berlin and a DSc from the University of London. He arrived in...
(1907–1982), British mouse geneticist and blood cell biologist - Pierre-Henri Gouyon (1953 - ), French biologist specializing in genetics and bioethics
- Elliot S. Goldstein American geneticist at Arizona State University
H
- Ernst Hadorn (1902–1976), Swiss pioneer in developmental genetics, mentor of Walter Gehring
- JBS HaldaneJ. B. S. HaldaneJohn Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS , known as Jack , was a British-born geneticist and evolutionary biologist. A staunch Marxist, he was critical of Britain's role in the Suez Crisis, and chose to leave Oxford and moved to India and became an Indian citizen...
(1892–1964), brilliant British human geneticist and co-founder of population geneticsPopulation geneticsPopulation genetics is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow. It also takes into account the factors of recombination, population subdivision and population... - Ben Hall, US geneticist, DNA:RNA hybridization, yeast production of genetically engineered proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s - Judy HallJudith Goslin HallJudith Goslin Hall, OC is a pediatrician, clinical geneticist and dysmorphologist who is a dual citizen of the United States and Canada. She goes formally as Judith G. Hall and informally as Judy Hall....
(1939- ), dual American and Canadian charismatic clinical geneticist and dysmorphologist - Dean HamerDean HamerDr. Dean Hamer is an American geneticist, author, and filmmaker. He is known for his contributions to biotechnology and AIDS prevention, his research on the genetics of human behavior including sexual orientation and spirituality, and his popular books and documentaries on a wide range of...
(1951-) US geneticist, postulated gay gene and God geneGod geneThe God gene hypothesis proposes that a specific gene predisposes humans towards spiritual or mystic experiences. The idea has been postulated by geneticist Dean Hamer, the director of the Gene Structure and Regulation Unit at the U.S...
for religious experience - John Hamerton (1929–2006), Anglo-Canadian cytogeneticist, prenatal diagnosticianPrenatal diagnosisPrenatal diagnosis or prenatal screening is testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. The aim is to detect birth defects such as neural tube defects, Down syndrome, chromosome abnormalities, genetic diseases and other conditions, such as spina bifida, cleft palate,...
, bioethicist - W.D. Hamilton (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist and eminent evolutionary theorist
- Phil HanawaltPhilip HanawaltPhilip C. Hanawalt is an American biologist who discovered the process of repair replication of damaged DNA in 1963. He is also considered the co-discoverer of the ubiquitous process of DNA excision repair along with his mentor, Richard Setlow, and Paul Howard-Flanders. He holds the Dr...
, US geneticist, discovered DNA repairDNA repairDNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1...
replication - Anita HardingAnita HardingAnita Harding was a British neurologist. She was born in Birmingham and educated at the King Edward VI High School for Girls and the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, where she qualified in 1975. She married neurology professor P.K...
(1952–1995), UK neurologist, first mitochondrial DNA mutation in disease - GH Hardy (1877–1947), British mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
, formulated basic law of population genetics - Henry HarpendingHenry HarpendingHenry C. Harpending is an anthropologist and population geneticist at the University of Utah, where he is a distinguished professor...
(1944- ), US anthropologist and human population geneticist - Harry Harris (1919–94), British biochemical geneticist par excellence
- Henry Harris (1925- ), Australian-born cell biologist, work on cancer and human genetics
- Lee HartwellLeland H. HartwellLeland Harrison Hartwell is former president and director of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. He shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and R...
(1939- ), US yeast geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
, "start" gene and checkpointsCell cycle checkpointCell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of cell division in eukaryotic cells. These checkpoints verify whether the processes at each phase of the cell cycle have been accurately completed before progression into the next phase...
in the cell cycleCell cycleThe cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication . In cells without a nucleus , the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission... - Mogens Hauge (1922–1988), Danish medical geneticist and twinTwinA twin is one of two offspring produced in the same pregnancy. Twins can either be monozygotic , meaning that they develop from one zygote that splits and forms two embryos, or dizygotic because they develop from two separate eggs that are fertilized by two separate sperm.In contrast, a fetus...
researcher - Donald Hawthorne (1926–2003), US, major contributor to yeastYeastYeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. Most reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by an asymmetric division process called budding...
genetics, centromereCentromereA centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come closest in contact. It is involved in cell division as the point of mitotic spindle attachment...
-linked gene maps - William HayesWilliam Hayes (geneticist)William Hayes FRS was an Irish geneticist.-Early life:He was born in Rathfarnham, Co Dublin, the only son of William Hayes, a successful Dublin pharmacist, and his second wife, Miriam, née Harris...
(1918–1994), Australian physician, microbiologist & geneticist, bacterial conjugationBacterial conjugationBacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells... - Robert HaynesRobert HaynesRobert Hall Haynes, OC, FRSC was a Canadian geneticist and biophysicist. He was the Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Biology at York University...
(1931–1998), Canadian geneticist and biophysicist, work on DNA repairDNA repairDNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1...
and mutagenesisMutagenesisMutagenesis is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed in a stable manner, resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using laboratory procedures... - Frederick Hecht (1930- ), US clinical geneticist, cytogeneticist, coined term fragile site
- Michael HeidelbergerMichael HeidelbergerMichael Heidelberger was an American immunologist who is regarded as the father of modern immunology. He and Oswald Avery showed that the polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling him to show that antibodies are proteins...
(1888–1991) US pioneer of modern immunology, won two Lasker AwardLasker AwardThe Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1946 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, founded by advertising pioneer Albert Lasker and his wife Mary...
s - Martin HeisenbergMartin HeisenbergMartin Heisenberg is a German neurobiologist and geneticist. Before his retirement in 2008, he held the professorial chair for genetics and neurobiology at the Bio Centre of the University of Würzburg....
(1940- ), German geneticist, neurobiologist, genetic study of brain of DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit... - Charles Roy HendersonCharles Roy HendersonCharles Roy Henderson was a statistician and a pioneer in animal breeding — the application of quantitative methods for the genetic evaluation of domestic livestock. He developed mixed model equations to obtain best linear unbiased predictions of breeding values and, in general, any random effect...
, (1911–1989), US animal geneticist, basis for genetic evaluation of livestockLivestockLivestock refers to one or more domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. The term "livestock" as used in this article does not include poultry or farmed fish; however the inclusion of these, especially poultry, within the meaning...
, developed statistical methods used in animal breedingAnimal breedingAnimal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value of domestic livestock... - Al Hershey (1908–1997), US bacterial geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
largely for Hershey-Chase experimentHershey-Chase experimentThe Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, which helped to confirm that DNA was the genetic material. While DNA had been known to biologists since 1869, a few scientists still assumed at the time that proteins carried the... - Ira HerskowitzIra HerskowitzIra Herskowitz was an American geneticist. He was noted for his work on cellular differentiation.Hew was born in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from the California Institute of Technology, and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D...
(1946–2003), US phage & yeastYeastYeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. Most reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by an asymmetric division process called budding...
geneticist, genetic regulatory circuits & mechanisms - Len Herzenberg (1931-), US human geneticist, immunologist, cell biologist and cell sorter
- Avram HershkoAvram HershkoAvram Hershko is a Hungarian-Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.-Biography:Born Herskó Ferenc in Karcag, Hungary, Hershko emigrated to Israel in 1950. Received his M.D. in 1965 and his Ph.D in 1969 from the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel...
(1937-), Israeli biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for ubiquitinUbiquitinUbiquitin is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Among other functions, it directs protein recycling.Ubiquitin can be attached to proteins and label them for destruction...
-mediated protein degradation - Kurt HirschhornKurt HirschhornKurt Hirschhorn , is an Viennese born American pediatrician, medical geneticist, and cytogeneticist who identified the chromosomal defects that underlie Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome....
(1926- ), Viennese-born American pediatrician, medical geneticist, cytogeneticist; described Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromeWolf-Hirschhorn syndromeWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome , also known as chromosome deletion 4p syndrome, Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome or Pitt syndrome, was first described in 1961 by Americans Herbert L... - Mahlon HoaglandMahlon HoaglandMahlon Bush Hoagland is an American biochemist who discovered transfer RNA , the translator of the genetic code.-Early life:Mahlon Bush Hoagland was born in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. in 1921 to Hudson and Anna Hoagland...
(1921- ), US physician and biochemist, co-discovered tRNA with Paul ZamecnikPaul ZamecnikPaul Charles Zamecnik was an American scientist who played a central role in the early history of molecular biology. He was a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and a senior scientist at Massachusetts General Hospital. Zamecnik pioneered the in vitro synthesis of proteins and helped... - Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994), British founder of proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
crystallographyCrystallographyCrystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids. The word "crystallography" derives from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and grapho = write.Before the development of...
and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
winner - Robert W. HolleyRobert W. HolleyRobert William Holley was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.Holley was born in Urbana, Illinois, and graduated from Urbana High School in 1938...
(1922–1993), US biochemist, structure of transfer RNATransfer RNATransfer RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 73 to 93 nucleotides in length, that is used in biology to bridge the three-letter genetic code in messenger RNA with the twenty-letter code of amino acids in proteins. The role of tRNA as an adaptor is best understood by...
, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895... - Leroy HoodLeroy HoodLeroy Hood is an American biologist. He won the 2011 Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize “for automating DNA sequencing that revolutionized biomedicine and forensic science” and the 2003 Lemelson-MIT Prize for inventing "four instruments that have unlocked much of the mystery of human biology" by...
(1938- ), US molecular biotechnologist, created DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
& proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
sequenceSequenceIn mathematics, a sequence is an ordered list of objects . Like a set, it contains members , and the number of terms is called the length of the sequence. Unlike a set, order matters, and exactly the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in the sequence...
rs & synthesizersBiosynthesisBiosynthesis is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products. The biosynthesis process often consists of several enzymatic steps in which the product of one step is used as substrate in the following step... - Norman Horowitz (1915–2005), US geneticist, one gene-one enzyme, chemical evolutionEvolutionEvolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
, space biology - H. Robert HorvitzH. Robert HorvitzHoward Robert Horvitz is an American biologist best known for his research on the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans.-Life:Horvitz did his undergraduate studies at MIT in 1968, where he joined Alpha Epsilon Pi...
(1947- ), US cell biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for programmed cell deathProgrammed cell deathProgrammed cell-death is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process which generally confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle... - David E. Housman, US molecular biologist, genetic basis of trinucleotide repeat diseases and cancer
- Martha M. Howe, US phage geneticist, notable contributions to the study of phage Mu
- T.C. HsuT. C. HsuProfessor T.C. Hsu , , was a Chinese American cell biologist. He was the 13th president of American Society for Cell Biology, and known as the Father of Mammalian Cytogenetics .- Life :Hsu was born Tao-Chiuh Hsu in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China...
(1917–2003), distinguished Chinese-American cell biologist, geneticist, cytogeneticist - Thomas J. HudsonThomas J. HudsonThomas James Hudson, M.D., is a Canadian genome scientist noted for his leading role in the generation of physical maps of the human and mouse genomes and also his role in the International HapMap Project whose goal is to develop a haplotype map of the human genome.As director of the McGill...
(1961- ), Canadian genomeGenomeIn modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information. It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA....
scientist, maps of human and mouse genomes - David Hungerford (1927–1993), US co-discoverer of Philadelphia chromosomePhiladelphia chromosomePhiladelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation is a specific chromosomal abnormality that is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia . It is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, and is specifically designated t...
in CMLBCR geneThe BCR gene is one of the two genes in the bcr-abl complex, which is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome.-Pathology:... - Tim HuntTim HuntSir Richard Timothy "Tim" Hunt, FRS is an English biochemist.Hunt was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and Leland H...
(1943- ), UK biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for discovery of cyclins in cell cycleCell cycleThe cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication . In cells without a nucleus , the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission...
control - Charles Leonard HuskinsCharles Leonard HuskinsCharles Leonard Huskins was an English-born Canadian geneticist who specialized in the field of cytogenetics. He is also sometimes referred to as C. Leonard Huskins or C.L. Huskins....
(1897–1953), English-born Canadian cytogeneticist at McGill UniversityMcGill UniversityMohammed Fathy is a public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university bears the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal merchant from Glasgow, Scotland, whose bequest formed the beginning of the university...
and University of Wisconsin–MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonThe University of Wisconsin–Madison is a public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1848, UW–Madison is the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It became a land-grant institution in 1866...
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- Harvey ItanoHarvey ItanoHarvey Akio Itano was an American biochemist best known for his work on the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia and other diseases...
(1920–2010), American biochemist and pioneer in the study of sickle cell disease
J
- François JacobFrançois JacobFrançois Jacob is a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through feedback on transcription. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff.-Childhood and education:François Jacob is...
(1920- ), French biologist, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for bacterial gene control - Patricia A. Jacobs (1934- ), Scottish human geneticist and cytogeneticist
- Albert JacquardAlbert JacquardAlbert Jacquard is a French geneticist and essayist. He is well known for defending ideas related to the concept of degrowth.- Beginnings :...
(1925- ), French geneticist, essayist, humanist, activist - Rudolf JaenischRudolf JaenischRudolf Jaenisch is a biologist at MIT. He is a pioneer of transgenic science, in which an animal’s genetic makeup is altered. Jaenisch has focused on creating transgenic mice to study cancer and neurological diseases....
(1942- ), German cell biologist, created transgenic mice, leader in therapeutic cloning - Richard JeffersonRichard Anthony JeffersonRichard Anthony Jefferson is an American-born molecular biologist, who developed the reporter gene system GUS, a widespread molecular technique...
(1956- ) US molecular plant biologist in Australia, reporter gene system GUSGUS reporter systemThe GUS reporter system is a reporter gene system, particularly useful in plant molecular biology. Several kinds of GUS reporter gene assay are actually available, depending on the substrate used... - Alec JeffreysAlec JeffreysSir Alec John Jeffreys, FRS is a British geneticist, who developed techniques for DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used all over the world in forensic science to assist police detective work, and also to resolve paternity and immigration disputes...
(1950- ), British geneticist, developed DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling techniques - Niels K. Jerne (1911–1994), Danish, greatest theoretician in modern immunology, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
- Wilhelm JohannsenWilhelm JohannsenWilhelm Johannsen was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. He was born in Copenhagen. While very young, he was apprenticed to a pharmacist and worked in Denmark and Germany beginning in 1872 until passing his pharmacist's exam in 1879...
(1857–1927), Danish botanist who in 1909 coined the word "gene" - Jonathan D.G. JonesJonathan D.G. JonesProfessor Jonathan Dallas George Jones FRS is a senior scientist at the Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich using molecular and genetic approaches to study disease resistance in plants. He, along with collaborator Jeffery Dangl, proposed the “zig-zag model” for the co-evolution of plant resistance...
, British plant molecular biologist - Steve JonesSteve Jones (biologist)John Stephen Jones is a Welsh geneticist and from 1995 to 1999 and 2008 to June 2010 was Head of the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment at University College London. His studies are conducted in the Galton Laboratory. He is also a television presenter and a prize-winning author on...
(1944- ), British evolutionary geneticist and malacologist - Christian Jung (1956- ), German plant geneticist and molecular biologist
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- Dronamraju Krishna RaoDronamraju Krishna RaoDronamraju Krishna Rao Ph.D is an Indian born Geneticist and currently President of ', Houston, USA. He was born in Pithapuram, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. He is the leading world expert on the research of the famous scientist and his late mentor, J. B. S. Haldane...
(1937- ), Indian born Geneticis, founder of Foundation of Genetic Research - Elvin Kabat (1914–2000) US immunochemist, a founder of modern immunology, antibody-combining sites
- Henrik KacserHenrik KacserHenrik Kacser was an influential biochemist and geneticist. Henrik's achievements have been recognized by his election to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1990, by an Honorary Doctorate of the University of Bordeaux II in 1993.-Early life:Henrik Kacser was born in Romania in 1918 of...
(1918–1995), Romanian-born UK biochemist and geneticist, worked on metabolic control - Axel KahnAxel KahnAxel Kahn is a French scientist and geneticist. He is the brother of the journalist Jean-François Kahn. He was a member of the French National Consultative Ethics Committee from 1992 to 2004 and worked in gene therapy. He first entered the INSERM with a specialization in biochemistry...
(1944- ), French scientist and geneticist, known for work on genetically modified plants - Franz Josef KallmannFranz Josef KallmannFranz Josef Kallmann MD , a German-born American psychiatrist, was one of the pioneers in the study of the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders...
(1897–1965), German-US psychiatrist, pioneer in genetics of psychiatric diseases - Gopinath KarthaGopinath KarthaGopinath Kartha was a prominent crystallographer of Indian origin. He is notably known for the determination of the molecular structure of the enzyme ribonuclease in 1967. This was the first protein structure elucidated and published in the United States.Gopinath Kartha was born in Cherthala, near...
(1927–1984), Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagenCollagenCollagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content... - Berwind P. KaufmannBerwind P. KaufmannBerwind P. Kaufmann was an important American biologist. After starting off as a botanist looking at plant chromosomes, Berwind Kaufmann ended up making pioneering contributions to three principal fields of basic cytogenetics:...
(1897–1975), US botanist, did research in basic plant and animal cytogeneticsCytogeneticsCytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ... - John KendrewJohn KendrewSir John Cowdery Kendrew, CBE, FRS was an English biochemist and crystallographer who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Max Perutz; their group in the Cavendish Laboratory investigated the structure of heme-containing proteins.-Biography:He was born in Oxford, son of Wilford George...
(1917–1997), UK crystallographerX-ray crystallographyX-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a...
, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for structure of myoglobinMyoglobinMyoglobin is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. It is related to hemoglobin, which is the iron- and oxygen-binding protein in blood, specifically in the red blood cells. The only time myoglobin is found in the... - Cynthia KenyonCynthia KenyonCynthia Jane Kenyon is an American molecular biologist and biogerontologist known for her genetic dissection of aging in a tiny worm, Caenorhabditis elegans.-Career:...
(c. 1955- ), US molecular biologist, genetics of aging in the worm C. elegansCaenorhabditis elegansCaenorhabditis elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode , about 1 mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. Research into the molecular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model... - Warwick Estevam KerrWarwick Estevam KerrWarwick Estevam Kerr is a Brazilian agricultural engineer, geneticist, entomologist, professor and scientific leader, notable for his discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees. The Africanized bee in the western hemisphere is directly descended from 26 Tanzanian queen bees Warwick...
(1922- ) Brazilian expert in the genetics and sex determinationSex-determination systemA sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Most sexual organisms have two sexes. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or even different genes that specify their sexual...
of beeBeeBees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, and are known for their role in pollination and for producing honey and beeswax. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila...
s - Bernard KettlewellBernard KettlewellHenry Bernard Davis Kettlewell was a British geneticist, lepidopterist and medical doctor, who carried out research into the influence of industrial melanism on natural selection in moths, showing why moths are darker in polluted areas.-Early life:Kettlewell was born in Howden, Yorkshire, and...
(1907–1979), UK physician, lepidopteristLepidopteristA lepidopterist is a person who specialises in the study of Lepidoptera, members of an order encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
, ecological geneticist, peppered mothPeppered mothThe peppered moth is a temperate species of night-flying moth. Peppered moth evolution is often used by educators as an example of natural selection.- Distribution :... - Seymour Kety (1915–2000), US neuroscientist, essential involvement of genetic factors in schizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social...
- Gobind Khorana (1922-2011), Indian-US molecular biologist, synthesized nucleic acids, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
- Motoo KimuraMotoo Kimurawas a Japanese biologist best known for introducing the neutral theory of molecular evolution in 1968. He became one of the most influential theoretical population geneticists. He is remembered in genetics for his innovative use of diffusion equations to calculate the probability of fixation of...
(1924–1994), influential Japanese mathematical biologist in theoretical population geneticsPopulation geneticsPopulation genetics is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow. It also takes into account the factors of recombination, population subdivision and population... - Mary-Claire KingMary-Claire KingMary-Claire King is an American human geneticist. She is a professor at the University of Washington, where she studies the genetics and interaction of genetics and environmental influences on human conditions such as HIV, lupus, inherited deafness, and also breast and ovarian cancer...
(1946- ), US human geneticist and social activist, identified breast cancer genes - David KleinDavid Klein (ophthalmologist)David Klein was a Swiss human geneticist and ophthalmologist.Klein graduating from the University of Basel in 1934. After graduating, he worked at the Rheinau Psychiatric Clinic, Zurich. He moved to Geneva as scientific assistant to professor Adolphe Franceschetti at the ophthalmological clinic....
, (1908–1993), Swiss ophthalmologist and human geneticist - Harold Klinger (1929–2004), US pioneer on human chromosomes, founded journal Cytogenetics
- Aaron KlugAaron KlugSir Aaron Klug, OM, PRS is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.-Biography:Klug was...
(1926- ), Lithuania/S Africa/UK, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for developing electron crystallographyElectron crystallographyElectron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope .- Comparison with X-ray crystallography :... - Al KnudsonAlfred G. KnudsonAlfred George Knudson, Jr. M.D., Ph.D. is a geneticist specializing in cancer genetics. Among his many contributions to the field was the formulation of the Knudson hypothesis in 1971, which explains the effects of mutation on carcinogenesis .Born in Los Angeles in 1922, Knudson received his B.S...
(1922- ), US pediatric oncologist, geneticist, formulated two hit hypothesisKnudson hypothesisThe Knudson hypothesis is the hypothesis that cancer is the result of accumulated mutations to a cell's DNA. It was first proposed by Carl O. Nordling in 1953, and later formulated by Alfred G. Knudson in 1971. Knudson's work led indirectly to the identification of cancer-related genes...
of cancer - Georges J. F. KöhlerGeorges J. F. Köhler-External links:* http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1984/...
(1946–1995), German, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for hybridomaHybridomaHybridoma technology is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines by fusing a specific antibody-producing B cell with a myeloma cell that is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody chain synthesis...
s making monoclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodies are monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.... - Arthur KornbergArthur KornbergArthur Kornberg was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid " together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University...
(1918- ), US biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
on DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
synthesis, father of Roger Kornberg - Roger Kornberg (1947- ), US biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
on eukaryotic transcriptionTranscription (genetics)Transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correct enzymes... - Hans KornbergHans KornbergProfessor Sir Hans Leo Kornberg, FRS is a British biochemist.-Early Life, Education and Career:Kornberg was born in 1928 in Germany of Jewish parents. In 1939 he left Nazi Germany , and moved to the care of an uncle in Yorkshire...
(1928- ), German-UK biologist, studies of carbohydrateCarbohydrateA carbohydrate is an organic compound with the empirical formula ; that is, consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 . However, there are exceptions to this. One common example would be deoxyribose, a component of DNA, which has the empirical...
transport - Ed Krebs (1918-2009), US biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for phosphorylationPhosphorylationPhosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
as switch activating proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s - Eric Kremer, US molecular biologist, found trinucleotide repeat in fragile X, research now in gene therapyGene therapyGene therapy is the insertion, alteration, or removal of genes within an individual's cells and biological tissues to treat disease. It is a technique for correcting defective genes that are responsible for disease development...
- Henry Kunkel (1916–1983), US immunologist, created starch gel electrophoresisElectrophoresisElectrophoresis, also called cataphoresis, is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. This electrokinetic phenomenon was observed for the first time in 1807 by Reuss , who noticed that the application of a constant electric...
to separate proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
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- Bruce LahnBruce LahnBruce Lahn is a geneticist at the University of Chicago. He is also the founder of the Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. His previous research specialized in human genetics and evolutionary genetics, especially human sex chromosome...
(1969- ), Chinese-born geneticist specializing in evolutionary changes of the human brain - Jean-Baptiste LamarckJean-Baptiste LamarckJean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
(1744–1829), French naturalist, evolutionist, "inheritance of acquired traits" - Eric LanderEric LanderEric Steven Lander is a Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a member of the Whitehead Institute, and director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard who has devoted his career toward realizing the promise of the human genome for medicine. He is co-chair of U.S...
(1957- ), American molecular geneticist, major contributor to Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional... - Karl LandsteinerKarl LandsteinerKarl Landsteiner , was an Austrian-born American biologist and physician of Jewish origin. He is noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the...
(1868–1943), Austrian-American pathologist, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for blood groupHuman blood group systemsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognises 30 major blood group systems . Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane...
discoveries - André Langaney, French evolutionary geneticist
- Derald LanghamDerald LanghamDerald George Langham was an American agricultural geneticist, sesame researcher, and founder of the Genesa Foundation....
(1913–1991), American agricultural geneticist, the "father of sesame" - Sam Latt (1938–1988), US pioneer in molecular cytogenetics, fluorescent DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
chromosome probes - Philip LederPhilip LederPhilip Leder is an American geneticist. He was born in Washington, D.C. and studied at Harvard University, graduating in 1956. In 1960, he graduated from Harvard Medical School....
(1934- ), US geneticist, method to decode genetic code, transgenic animals to study cancer - Esther LederbergEsther LederbergEsther Miriam Zimmer Lederberg was an American microbiologist and immunologist and pioneer of bacterial genetics...
(1922–2006), US microbiologist and bacterial genetics pioneer - Joshua LederbergJoshua LederbergJoshua Lederberg ForMemRS was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was just 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and...
(1925- ), US molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
, headed Rockefeller UniversityRockefeller UniversityThe Rockefeller University is a private university offering postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It has a strong concentration in the biological sciences. It is also known for producing numerous Nobel laureates... - Jerome LejeuneJérôme LejeuneServant of God Jérôme Jean Louis Marie Lejeune was a French Catholic pro-life paediatrician and geneticist, best known for his discovery of the link of diseases to chromosome abnormalities...
(1926–1994), French pediatrician, geneticist, discovered trisomy 21 in Down syndromeDown syndromeDown syndrome, or Down's syndrome, trisomy 21, is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British physician who described the syndrome in 1866. The condition was clinically described earlier in the 19th... - Richard LenskiRichard LenskiRichard E. Lenski is an American evolutionary biologist. He is the son of sociologist Gerhard Lenski. He earned his BA from Oberlin College in 1976, and his PhD from the University of North Carolina in 1982...
(1956-), US biologist and phage worker, did long-term E. coli evolution experiment - Fritz LenzFritz LenzFritz A Lenz was a German geneticist, member of the Nazi party, and influential specialist in "racial hygiene" during the Third Reich, one of the leading German theorists of "scientific racism" which legitimized the Nazi racial policies, starting with the 1935 Nuremberg Laws.- Biography...
(1887–1976), German geneticist and eugenicist, ideas influenced Nazi racial hygieneRacial hygieneRacial hygiene was a set of early twentieth century state sanctioned policies by which certain groups of individuals were allowed to procreate and others not, with the expressed purpose of promoting certain characteristics deemed to be particularly desirable...
policies - Widukind LenzWidukind LenzWidukind Lenz was a distinguished German pediatrician, medical geneticist and dysmorphologist who was among the first to recognize the thalidomide syndrome in 1961 and alert the world to the dangers of limb and other malformations due to the mother's exposure to this drug during pregnancy.In the...
(1919–1995), eminent German medical geneticist who recognized thalidomideThalidomideThalidomide was introduced as a sedative drug in the late 1950s that was typically used to cure morning sickness. In 1961, it was withdrawn due to teratogenicity and neuropathy. There is now a growing clinical interest in thalidomide, and it is introduced as an immunomodulatory agent used...
syndrome - Leonard LermanLeonard LermanLeonard Lerman is an American scientist most noted for his work on DNA.As a graduate student with Linus Pauling at the California Institute of Technology, Lerman discovered that antibodies have two binding sites. Later, perhaps his most important discovery was that certain molecules bind to DNA by...
, US molecular biologist, phage worker, mentor of Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner Sidney AltmanSidney AltmanSidney Altman is a Canadian American molecular biologist, who is currently the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R... - Michael Lerner (1910–1977), Russian-US contributor to population, quantitative & evolutionary genetics
- Albert LevanAlbert LevanAlbert Levan was a Swedish botanist and geneticist.Albert Levan is best known today for co-authoring the report in 1956 that humans had forty-six chromosomes...
(1905–1998), Swedist geneticist, co-authored report that humans have 46 chromosomes - Cyrus LevinthalCyrus LevinthalCyrus Levinthal was an American molecular biologist.-Biography:Levinthal graduated with a Ph.D. in physics from University of California, Berkeley and taught physics at the University of Michigan for seven years before moving to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957...
(1922–1990), US molecular geneticist, DNA replicationDNA replicationDNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA; it is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with one double-stranded DNA molecule and produces two identical copies of the molecule...
, mRNA, molecular graphics - Edward B. LewisEdward B. Lewis- External links :* *...
(1918–2004), American founder of developmental genetics and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Richard LewontinRichard LewontinRichard Charles "Dick" Lewontin is an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and social commentator. A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he pioneered the notion of using techniques from molecular biology such as gel electrophoresis to...
(1929- ), American evolutionary biologist, geneticistGeneticistA geneticist is a biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a researcher or lecturer. Some geneticists perform experiments and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of skills. A geneticist is also a Consultant or...
and social commentator - C. C. Li (1912–2003), eminent Chinese AmericanChinese AmericanChinese Americans represent Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans...
population geneticistPopulation geneticsPopulation genetics is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow. It also takes into account the factors of recombination, population subdivision and population...
and human geneticistHuman geneticsHuman genetics describes the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics,... - Wen-Hsiung LiWen-Hsiung LiWen-Hsiung Li is a Taiwanese American scientist working in the fields of molecular evolution, population genetics, and genomics...
(1942- ), TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
ese-American, molecular evolutionMolecular evolutionMolecular evolution is in part a process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Molecular evolution emerged as a scientific field in the 1960s as researchers from molecular biology, evolutionary biology and population genetics sought to understand recent discoveries on the structure...
, population genetics, genomicsGenomicsGenomics is a discipline in genetics concerning the study of the genomes of organisms. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis,... - David Linder (1923–1999), US pathologist and geneticist, used G6PD as X-linked clonal tumor marker
- Susan LindquistSusan LindquistSusan Lindquist is a professor of biology at MIT specializing in molecular biology, particularly the protein folding problem within a family of molecules known as heat-shock proteins, and prions...
, US molecular biologist studying effects of protein foldingProtein foldingProtein folding is the process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from random coil....
and heat-shock proteins - Jan Lindsten (1935- ), eminent Swedish medical geneticist, secretary general of the Nobel Assembly
- Fritz Lipmann (1899–1986), German-American biochemistBiochemistBiochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. Typical biochemists study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. The prefix of "bio" in "biochemist" can be understood as a fusion of "biological chemist."-Role:...
, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for co-discovery of coenzyme ACoenzyme ACoenzyme A is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All sequenced genomes encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it as a substrate... - C. C. LittleC. C. LittleClarence Cook "C.C." Little was an American genetics, cancer, and tobacco researcher and academic administrator.-Biography:...
(1888–1971), US pioneer mouse geneticist, founded Jackson LaboratoryJackson LaboratoryThe Jackson Laboratory was founded in Bar Harbor, Maine in 1929 by former University of Maine and University of Michigan president C. C. Little under the name Roscoe B...
in Bar Harbor, MaineBar Harbor, MaineBar Harbor is a town on Mount Desert Island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population is 5,235. Bar Harbor is a famous summer colony in the Down East region of Maine. It is home to the College of the Atlantic, Jackson Laboratory and Mount Desert Island... - Richard LosickRichard LosickRichard Losick is an American molecular biologist whose research interests include RNA polymerase, sigma factors, regulation of gene transcription, and bacterial development, being especially noted for his investigations of endospore formation in Gram positive organisms such as Bacillus subtilis...
, US molecular biologist, RNA polymeraseRNA polymeraseRNA polymerase is an enzyme that produces RNA. In cells, RNAP is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses...
, gene transcriptionTranscription (genetics)Transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correct enzymes...
, bacterial development - Herbert Lubs (c.1928- ), US internist, medical geneticist, described "marker X" (fragile X chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
) - Salvador Luria (1912–1991), Italian-American molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for bacteriophageBacteriophageA bacteriophage is any one of a number of viruses that infect bacteria. They do this by injecting genetic material, which they carry enclosed in an outer protein capsid...
genetics - Jay LushJay LushJay Laurence Lush was a pioneering animal geneticist who made important contributions to livestock breeding. He is sometimes known as the father of modern scientific animal breeding. Lush received National Medal of Science in 1968 and the Wolf Prize in 1979....
(1896–1982), American animal geneticist who pioneered modern scientific animal breeding - Michael LynchMichael Lynch (geneticist)Michael Lynch is Distinguished Professor of Evolution, Population Genetics and Genomics at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. Besides many highly acclaimed papers, especially in population genetics, he has written a two volume textbook with Bruce Walsh, widely considered the "Bible" of...
, US quantitative geneticist studying evolution, population genetics, and genomicsGenomicsGenomics is a discipline in genetics concerning the study of the genomes of organisms. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis,... - Mary F. LyonMary F. LyonMary Frances Lyon, FRS is an English geneticist, who is best known for her discovery of X-chromosome inactivation, an important cytogenetic phenomenon.-Childhood and education:...
(1925-), English mouse geneticist, noted X-inactivationX-inactivationX-inactivation is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by packaging into transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin...
and proposed Lyon hypothesis - David T. LykkenDavid T. LykkenDavid Thoreson Lykken was a behavioral geneticist and Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota...
(1928–2006), American psychologist and behavioral geneticist known for twin studies - Trofim LysenkoTrofim LysenkoTrofim Denisovich Lysenko was a Soviet agronomist of Ukrainian origin, who was director of Soviet biology under Joseph Stalin. Lysenko rejected Mendelian genetics in favor of the hybridization theories of Russian horticulturist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, and adopted them into a powerful...
(1898–1976), Soviet scientist, led vicious political campaign against genetics in USSR
M
- Ellen MagenisR. Ellen MagenisR. Ellen Magenis is a distinguished American pediatrician, medical geneticist and cytogeneticist.She was born in Gary, Indiana and received her BA in zoology from Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana in 1948 and her MD degree from the Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis in...
(1925- ), US medical geneticist and cytogeneticist, Smith-Magenis syndromeSmith-Magenis syndromeSmith–Magenis Syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. The major features of this condition include mild to moderate mental retardation, distinctive facial features, sleep disturbances, and behavioral problems... - Phyllis McAlpine (1941–1998), Canadian human geneticist and gene mapGene mapA gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene. It includes the DNA sequence of a gene with introns and exons, 3' or 5' transcribed-untranslated regions, termination signal, regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers and it may include known mutations defining...
per - Maclyn McCartyMaclyn McCartyMaclyn McCarty was an American geneticist.Maclyn McCarty, who devoted his life as a physician-scientist to studying infectious disease organisms, was best known for his part in the monumental discovery that DNA, rather than protein, constituted the chemical nature of a gene...
(1911–2005), American co-discoverer that DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
is the genetic material - Barbara McClintockBarbara McClintockBarbara McClintock , the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics...
(1902–1992), American cytogeneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for genetic transposition - W. McGinnisWilliam McGinnisWilliam "Bill" McGinnis, Ph.D. is a molecular biologist and professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego . At UCSD he has also served as the Chairman of the Department of Biology from July 1998 - June 1999, as Associate Dean of the Division of Natural Sciences from July 1, 1999...
, US molecular geneticist, found homeoboxHomeoboxA homeobox is a DNA sequence found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development in animals, fungi and plants.- Discovery :...
(Hox) genes responsible for basic body plan - Victor A. McKusickVictor A. McKusickVictor Almon McKusick , internist and medical geneticist, was University Professor of Medical Genetics and Professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA...
(1921- ), US internist and clinical geneticist, organized human genetic knowledge - Colin MacLeodColin MacLeodColin Munro MacLeod was a Canadian-American geneticist.- Biography :Born in Port Hastings, Nova Scotia, Canada MacLeod entered McGill University at the age of 16 , and completed his medical studies by age 23.In his early years as a research scientist, MacLeod, together with Oswald Avery and...
(1909–1972), Canadian-American co-discoverer that DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
is the genetic material - Tak Wah MakTak Wah MakTak Wah Mak, OC OOnt FRS FRSC is an award-winning Canadian researcher who has worked in a variety of areas including biochemistry, immunology, and cancer genetics...
(1946- ), Chinese-Canadian molecular biologist, co-discovered human T cell receptorT cell receptorThe T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules...
genes - Gustave MalécotGustave MalécotGustave Malécot was a French mathematician whose work on heredity had a strong influence on population genetics.- Biography :...
(1911–1998), French mathematician who influenced population genetics - Tom ManiatisTom ManiatisTom Maniatis born 8 May 1943 in Denver, Colorado is an American professor of molecular and cellular biology.Maniatis is a graduate of the University of Colorado and one of the founders of modern molecular cloning...
(1943- ), US molecular biologist, gene cloning, regulation of gene expression - Clement MarkertClement MarkertClement Lawrence Markert was an American biologist credited with the discovery of isozymes...
(1917–1999), eminent US biologist, discovered isozymes - Joan Marks, American social worker, principal architect of the profession of genetic counselor
- Richard E. Marshall (1933 - ), American paediatrician, Greig's syndrome IGreig cephalopolysyndactyly syndromeGreig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome is a disorder that affects development of the limbs, head, and face. The features of this syndrome are highly variable, ranging from very mild to severe...
, Marshall-Smith syndromeMarshall-Smith syndromeMarshall-Smith Syndrome, discovered in 1971 , is characterized by unusual accelerated skeletal maturation and symptoms like conspicuous physical characteristics, respiratory difficulties, and mental retardation. Cases described in the literature show a clinical variabililty regarding related... - John Maynard SmithJohn Maynard SmithJohn Maynard Smith,His surname was Maynard Smith, not Smith, nor was it hyphenated. F.R.S. was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Originally an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War, he took a second degree in genetics under the well-known biologist J.B.S....
(1920–2004), British evolutionary biologist and population geneticist - Ernst MayrErnst MayrErnst Walter Mayr was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists. He was also a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, historian of science, and naturalist...
(1904–2005), leading German-born American evolutionary biologist - Peter MedawarPeter MedawarSir Peter Brian Medawar OM CBE FRS was a British biologist, whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants...
(1915–1987), Brazilian-born English scientist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for immunological tolerance - Craig C. Mello (1960- ), American geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for discovery of RNA interferenceRNA interferenceRNA interference is a process within living cells that moderates the activity of their genes. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post transcriptional gene silencing , and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become... - Gregor MendelGregor MendelGregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance...
(1822–1884), Bohemian monk who discovered laws of Mendelian inheritance - Carole MeredithCarole MeredithCarole P. Meredith is an American grape geneticist who was a professor at the Department of Viticulture and Enology of University of California, Davis before she retired in 2003...
, American geneticist who pioneered DNA typing to differentiate between grape varieties - Matthew MeselsonMatthew MeselsonMatthew Stanley Meselson is an American geneticist and molecular biologist whose research was important in showing how DNA replicates, recombines and is repaired in cells. In his mature years, he has been an active chemical and biological weapons activist and consultant...
(1930- ), US molecular geneticist, work on DNA replication, recombination, repair - Peter MichaelisPeter MichaelisPeter Michaelis was a German plant geneticist who focused most of his research on cytoplasm inheritance and segregation. Most of Michaelis work was carried out during the period from 1940's to 1970's at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Köln/Vogelsang.- Research :Michaelis...
, German plant geneticist, focused on cytoplasmic inheritance - Ivan Vladimirovich MichurinIvan Vladimirovich MichurinIvan Vladimirovich Michurin , was a Russian practitioner of selection, Honorable Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agriculture....
(1855–1935), Russian plant geneticist, scientific agricultural selection - Friedrich Mieschler (1844–1895), Swiss biologist, found weak acid in white blood cellWhite blood cellWhite blood cells, or leukocytes , are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Five different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a...
s now called DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... - Margareta Mikkelsen (1923–2004), eminent German-born Danish human geneticist and cytogeneticist
- Lois K. Miller (d. 2006, age 54), entomologist and molecular geneticist, studied insect viruses
- O.J. Miller, US physician, human and mammalian genetics and chromosome structure and function
- César MilsteinCésar MilsteinCésar Milstein FRS was an Argentine biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Niels K. Jerne and Georges Köhler.-Biography:...
(1927–2002) Argentine-UK, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for hybridomaHybridomaHybridoma technology is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines by fusing a specific antibody-producing B cell with a myeloma cell that is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody chain synthesis...
s making monoclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodies are monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.... - Aubrey Milunsky (c.1936- ), S. African-US physician, medical geneticist, writer, prenatal diagnosisPrenatal diagnosisPrenatal diagnosis or prenatal screening is testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. The aim is to detect birth defects such as neural tube defects, Down syndrome, chromosome abnormalities, genetic diseases and other conditions, such as spina bifida, cleft palate,...
- Alfred MirskyAlfred MirskyAlfred Ezra Mirsky was an American pioneer in molecular biology.Mirsky graduated from Harvard College in 1922, after which he studied for two years at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons until 1924 when he moved to the University of Cambridge on a US National Research...
(1900—1974), US pioneer in molecular biology, hemoglobinHemoglobinHemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, as well as the tissues of some invertebrates...
structure, constancy of DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in... - Felix MitelmanFelix MitelmanFelix Mitelman, born August 26, 1940 is a Swedish geneticist and is Professor of Clinical Genetics in Lund, Sweden. He is best known for his pioneering work on chromosome changes in cancer....
(1940- ), Swedish cancer geneticist and cytogeneticist, catalog of chromosomes in cancer - Jan MohrJan MohrJan Gunnar Faye Mohr, was a Norwegian-Danish physician and geneticist, known for his discovery of the first cases of autosomal genetic linkage in man, between the Lutheran blood groups and the ABH-secretor system, and between these and the hereditary disease myotonic dystrophy...
(1921–2009), eminent Norwegian-Danish pioneer in human gene mappingGene mappingGene mapping, also called genome mapping, is the creation of a genetic map assigning DNA fragments to chromosomes.When a genome is first investigated, this map is nonexistent. The map improves with the scientific progress and is perfect when the genomic DNA sequencing of the species has been... - Jacques MonodJacques MonodJacques Lucien Monod was a French biologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and Andre Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"...
(1910–1976), French molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Lilian Vaughn MorganLilian Vaughn MorganLilian Vaughn Morgan was an American geneticist and the wife of Thomas Hunt Morgan. Ms. Morgan published 16 single author papers in her lifetime. Her major discoveries include the attached X chromosome in fruit flies. She was one of the founders of the Children's School of Science in Woods Hole,...
(1870–1952), wife of T.H. Morgan and a fine geneticist in her own right - T.H. Morgan (1866–1945), head of the "fly room," first geneticist to win the Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
- Newton E. Morton (1929- ), population geneticist and genetic epidemiologistGenetic epidemiologyGenetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors...
- Arno G. Motulsky, German-US hematologist who influenced the evolution of medical geneticsMedical geneticsMedical genetics is the specialty of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders. Medical genetics differs from Human genetics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, but medical genetics refers to the...
- Arthur MourantArthur MourantArthur Ernest Mourant FRS was a British chemist, hematologist and geneticist who pioneered research into biological anthropology and its distribution, genetics, clinical and laboratory medicine, and geology....
(1904–1994), British hematologist, first to examine worldwide blood groupHuman blood group systemsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognises 30 major blood group systems . Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane...
distributions - H.J. Muller (1890–1967) American DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for producing mutations by X-rays - Hans J. Müller-EberhardHans J. Müller-EberhardHans Joachim Müller-Eberhard was a distinguished molecular immunologist who did pioneering research in the United States and his native Germany. The areas of investigation upon which he left his mark include the immunoglobulins and the complement system.-External links:*, an excellent biographical...
(1927–1998), German-US immunogeneticist, immunoglobulins & complement - Kary MullisKary MullisKary Banks Mullis is a Nobel Prize winning American biochemist, author, and lecturer. In recognition of his improvement of the polymerase chain reaction technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith and earned the Japan Prize in the same year. The process was first...
(1944- ), American biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for the polymerase chain reactionPolymerase chain reactionThe polymerase chain reaction is a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence....
(PCR)
N
- Walter E. Nance (1933- ), US internist and geneticist, research on twins and genetics of deafness
- Daniel NathansDaniel NathansDaniel Nathans was an American microbiologist.He was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the last of nine children born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents. During the Great Depression his father lost his small business and was unemployed for a long period of time...
(1928–1999), US microbiologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for restriction endonucleases - James V. NeelJames V. NeelJames Van Gundia Neel was an American geneticist who played a key role in the development of human genetics as a field of research in the United States. He made important contributions to the emergence of genetic epidemiology and pursued an understanding of the influence of environment on genes...
(1915–2000), distinguished human geneticist, founded first genetics clinic in the US - Fred Neidhardt, US microbiologist, pioneer in molecular physiology and proteomicsProteomicsProteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The term "proteomics" was first coined in 1997 to make an analogy with...
of E. coli - Oliver Nelson (1920- ), US maizeMaizeMaize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
geneticist, profound impact on agricultureAgricultureAgriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
and basic genetics - Walter Nelson-ReesWalter Nelson-ReesWalter Nelson-Rees was a cell culture worker and cytogeneticist who helped expose the problem of cross-contamination of cell lines. Nelson-Rees used chromosome banding to show that many immortal cell lines, previously thought to be unique, were actually HeLa cell lines...
, US cytogeneticist, confirmed HeLa cells contamination of other cell lines - Eugene W. Nester, US microbial geneticist, genetics of AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriumAgrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria established by H. J. Conn that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the most commonly studied species in this genus...
(crown gall formation) - Carl NeubergCarl NeubergCarl Alexander Neuberg was an early pioneer in biochemistry, and often referred to as the "Father of Biochemistry".He was the first editor of the journal Biochemische Zeitschrift. This journal was founded in 1906 and is now known as the FEBS Journal. Neuberg was born in Hanover, Germany and...
, early pioneer of the study of metabolismMetabolismMetabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...
. - Hans NeurathHans NeurathHans Neurath was a biochemist, a leader in protein chemistry and the founding chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington in Seattle.-Early life:...
(1909–2002), Austrian-US proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
chemist, helped set stage for proteomicsProteomicsProteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The term "proteomics" was first coined in 1997 to make an analogy with... - Marshall W. Nirenberg (1927- ), US geneticist, biochemist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Eva NogalesEva NogalesDr. Eva Nogales is a biophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. She is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator....
, Spanish biophysicist studying eukaryotic transcriptionTranscription (genetics)Transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correct enzymes...
and translation initiation complexes - Edward Novitski (1918–2006), eminent US DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
geneticist, pioneer in chromosome mechanics - Paul NursePaul NurseSir Paul Maxime Nurse, PRS is a British geneticist and cell biologist. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Leland H. Hartwell and R...
(1949- ), UK biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for work on CDKCyclin-dependent kinasethumb|350px|Schematic of the cell cycle. outer ring: I=[[Interphase]], M=[[Mitosis]]; inner ring: M=Mitosis; G1=[[G1 phase|Gap phase 1]]; S=[[S phase|Synthesis]]; G2=[[G2 phase|Gap phase 2]]...
, a key regulator of the cell cycleCell cycleThe cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication . In cells without a nucleus , the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission... - Christiane Nüsslein-VolhardChristiane Nüsslein-VolhardChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard is a German biologist who won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B...
(1942- ), German developmental biologist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - William NyhanWilliam NyhanDr. William Leo Nyhan, MD PhD is currently Professor of Pediatrics at UC San Diego School of Medicine in La Jolla, CA. He has also held positions at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine...
(1926- ), US pediatrician and biochemical geneticist, described Lesch-Nyhan syndromeLesch-Nyhan syndromeLesch–Nyhan syndrome , also known as Nyhan's syndrome, Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome and Juvenile gout, is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase , produced by mutations in the HPRT gene located on X chromosome. LNS affects about...
O
- Severo OchoaSevero OchoaSevero Ochoa de Albornoz was a Spanish-American doctor and biochemist, and joint winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arthur Kornberg.-Early life:...
(1905–1993), Spanish-American biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for work on the synthesis of RNARNARibonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.... - Susumu OhnoSusumu Ohnowas an Asian American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and seminal researcher in the field of molecular evolution.- Biography :Susumu Ohno was born of Japanese parents in Seoul, Korea, on February 1, 1928. The second of five children, he was the son of the minister of education of the...
(1928–2000), Japanese-US biologist, evolutionary cytogenetics and molecular evolution - Tomoko OhtaTomoko Ohtais a Japanese scientist working on molecular evolution. In 1956, she graduated from the University of Tokyo. After working on the neutral theory of evolution with her mentor, Motoo Kimura, she became convinced of the importance of the mutations that were nearly neutral. She developed the slightly...
, Japanese scientist in molecular evolutionMolecular evolutionMolecular evolution is in part a process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Molecular evolution emerged as a scientific field in the 1960s as researchers from molecular biology, evolutionary biology and population genetics sought to understand recent discoveries on the structure...
, the nearly neutral theory of evolution - Pete OliverClarence Paul OliverClarence Paul Oliver , known to his friends as "Pete", was an American geneticist. Born in Dexter, Missouri, he attended college at University of Texas receiving a BA in 1925. He continued his studies at University of Texas completing a PhD in the laboratory of Hermann Joseph Muller in 1931...
(1898–1991), American geneticist, switched from DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
to human genetics - Jane M. Olson (1952–2004), American genetic epidemiologistGenetic epidemiologyGenetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors...
and biostatistician - Maynard OlsonMaynard OlsonMaynard V. Olson is professor of genome sciences and medicine at the University of Washington. He is a specialist in the genetics of cystic fibrosis, and one of the founders of the Human Genome Project....
, American geneticist, pioneered map of yeast genome and Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional... - John Opitz (1935- ), German-American medical geneticist, expert on dysmorphology and syndromeSyndromeIn medicine and psychology, a syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs , symptoms , phenomena or characteristics that often occur together, so that the presence of one or more features alerts the physician to the possible presence of the others...
s - Harry OstrerHarry OstrerDr. Harry Ostrer is a geneticist known for his study, writings, and lectures about the origins of the Jewish people. He is a Professor of Pathology and Genetics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University and Director of Genetic and Genomic Testing at Montefiore Medical Center...
, American medical geneticist, studies origins of Jewish peoples - Ray Owen (1915- ), US geneticist, immunologist, found cattle blood groups and chimericChimera (genetics)A chimera or chimaera is a single organism that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated from different zygotes involved in sexual reproduction. If the different cells have emerged from the same zygote, the organism is called a mosaic...
twin calves
P
- Svante PääboSvante PääboSvante Pääbo is a Swedish biologist specializing in evolutionary genetics. He was born in 1955 in Stockholm to Sune Bergström, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane in 1982, and his mother, Estonian Karin Pääbo.He earned his PhD from Uppsala...
(1955- ), Swedish molecular anthropologist in LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
studying NeanderthalNeanderthalThe Neanderthal is an extinct member of the Homo genus known from Pleistocene specimens found in Europe and parts of western and central Asia...
genomeGenomeIn modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information. It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.... - David Page, US physician and geneticist who mapped, cloned and sequenced the human Y chromosomeY chromosomeThe Y chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in most mammals, including humans. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development if present. The human Y chromosome is composed of about 60 million base pairs...
- Theophilus PainterTheophilus PainterTheophilus Shickel Painter was an American zoologist known for his work in identifying genes in fruit flies...
(1889–1969), US zoologist, studied fruit fly and human testis chromosomes - Arthur PardeeArthur PardeeArthur Pardee is an American biochemist. One biographical portrait begins "Among the titans of science, Arthur Pardee is especially intriguing." There is hardly a field of molecular biology that is not affected by his work, which has advanced our understanding through theoretical predictions...
(1921- ), American scientist who discovered restriction pointRestriction pointThe restriction point is a G1 phase checkpoint in the cell cycle of animal cells. Prior to the restriction point, a cell exits the cell cycle if specific mitogenic and growth signals are absent. Cells that progress past the restriction point are committed to enter S phase, where DNA synthesis and...
in the cell cycleCell cycleThe cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication . In cells without a nucleus , the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission... - Klaus PatauKlaus PatauKlaus Patau was a German-born American geneticist. He received his PhD from the University of Berlin in 1936, worked from 1938 to 1939 in London, and then returned to Germany, where he worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology until 1947. He emigrated to the United States in 1948 and...
(1908–1975), German-American cytogeneticist, described trisomy 13 - Andrew H. Paterson, US geneticist, research leader in plant genomics
- Linus PaulingLinus PaulingLinus Carl Pauling was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century...
(1901–1994), eminent American chemist, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
s for chemical bonds and peace - Crodowaldo PavanCrodowaldo PavanCrodowaldo Pavan was a Brazilian biologist and geneticist, and a scientific leader in Brazil.-Early life:Pavan was born to a family of second-generation immigrants from Italy in 1919, in the city of Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil...
(1919- ), Brazilian biologist, fly geneticist, and influential scientist in Brazil - Rose Payne (1909–1999), US transplant geneticist, key to discovery and development of HLAHuman leukocyte antigenThe human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and...
system - Raymond PearlRaymond PearlRaymond Pearl was an American biologist, regarded as one of the founders of biogerontology. He spent most of his career at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore....
(1879–1940), American biologist, biostatistician, rejected eugenicsEugenicsEugenics is the "applied science or the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population", usually referring to human populations. The origins of the concept of eugenics began with certain interpretations of Mendelian inheritance,... - Karl PearsonKarl PearsonKarl Pearson FRS was an influential English mathematician who has been credited for establishing the disciplineof mathematical statistics....
(1857–1936), British statistician, made key contributions to genetic analysis - LS Penrose (1898–1972), British psychiatrist, human geneticist, pioneered genetics of mental retardationMental retardationMental retardation is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors...
- Max PerutzMax PerutzMax Ferdinand Perutz, OM, CH, CBE, FRS was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of hemoglobin and globular proteins...
(1914–2002), Austrian-British molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for structure of hemoglobinHemoglobinHemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, as well as the tissues of some invertebrates... - Massimo PigliucciMassimo PigliucciMassimo Pigliucci is the chair of the Department of Philosophy at CUNY-Lehman College. He is also the editor in chief for the journal . He is known as an outspoken critic of creationism and advocate of science education.-Biography:...
(1964- ), Italian-US plant ecological and evolutionary geneticist. Winner of the Dobzhansky Prize. - Alfred PloetzAlfred PloetzAlfred Ploetz was a German physician, biologist, eugenicist known for coining the term racial hygiene and promoting the concept in Germany. Rassenhygiene is a form of eugenics.-Biography:...
(1860–1940), German physician, biologist, eugenicist, introduced racial hygieneRacial hygieneRacial hygiene was a set of early twentieth century state sanctioned policies by which certain groups of individuals were allowed to procreate and others not, with the expressed purpose of promoting certain characteristics deemed to be particularly desirable...
to Germany - Paul Polani (1914–2006), Triese-born UK pediatrician, major catalyst of medical genetics in Britain
- Charles Pomerat (1905–1951), American cell biologist, pioneered the field of tissue cultureTissue cultureTissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar...
- Guido PontecorvoGuido PontecorvoGuido Pontecorvo ForMemRS was an Italian-born geneticist.-Career:He fled to Britain in 1938.* Institute of Animal Genetics, University of Edinburgh, 1938-40 and 1944-45...
(1907–1999), Italian-born Scottish geneticist and pioneer molecular biologist - George R. PriceGeorge R. PriceGeorge Robert Price was an American population geneticist. Originally a physical chemist and later a science journalist, he moved to London in 1967, where he worked in theoretical biology at the Galton Laboratory, making three important contributions: first, rederiving W.D...
(1922–1975), brilliant but troubled US population geneticist and theoretical biologist - Peter Propping (1942-), German human geneticist, studies of epilepsyEpilepsyEpilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain.About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three new cases...
- Mark PtashneMark PtashneMark Ptashne is a molecular biologist and violinist. He currently holds the Ludwig Chair of Molecular Biology at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York...
(c.1940- ), US molecular biologist, studies of genetic switch, phage lambda - Ted PuckTheodore PuckTheodore Puck was an American geneticist born in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Chicago public schools and obtained his bachelors, masters, and doctoral degree from the University of Chicago...
(1916–2005), US physicist, work in mammalian & human cell cultureCell cultureCell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice, the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from singlecellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells. However, there are also cultures of plants, fungi and microbes,...
, genetics, cytogenetics - RC Punnett (1875–1967), early English geneticist, discovered linkage with William BatesonWilliam BatesonWilliam Bateson was an English geneticist and a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge...
, stimulated GH Hardy
Q
- Lluis Quintana-Murci (1970- ), Spanish human population geneticist, heads part of Genographic Project
R
- Robert Race (1907–1984), British expert on blood groups, along with wife Ruth Sanger
- Sheldon C. Reed (1910–2003), American pioneer in genetic counselingGenetic counselingGenetic counseling or traveling is the process by which patients or relatives, at risk of an inherited disorder, are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting it, and the options open to them in management and family planning...
and behavioral genetics - G.N. Ramachandran (1922–2001) Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagenCollagenCollagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content...
- David Reich, US, human population genetics and genomics, did humans and chimps interbreed?
- Theodore Reich (1938–2003), Canadian-American psychiatrist, a founder of modern psychiatric genetics
- Alexander RichAlexander RichAlexander Rich, MD is a biologist and biophysicist. He is the William Thompson Sedgwick Professor of Biophysics at MIT and Harvard Medical School. Dr. Rich earned both an A.B. and an M.D. from Harvard University. He was a post-doc of Linus Pauling along with James Watson...
(1925- ), US biologist, biophysicist, discovered Z-DNAZ-DNAZ-DNA is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a left-handed double helical structure in which the double helix winds to the left in a zig-zag pattern...
and tRNA 3-dimensional structure - Rollin C. RichmondRollin C. RichmondRollin Charles Richmond has been president of Humboldt State University in Arcata, California, since May 2002. Before taking that position he was provost and genetics professor at Iowa State University, leading research on the genetic mechanisms of fruit flies evolution and effects of cocaine on...
, US, evolutionary and pharmacogenetic studies of DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
, university administrator - Neil RischNeil RischNeil Risch is an American human geneticist and professor at the University of California, San Francisco . Risch is the Lamond Family Foundation Distinguished Professor in Human Genetics and Director of the Institute for Human Genetics and Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UCSF.Known...
, American human and population geneticist, studied torsion dystoniaTorsion dystoniaTorsion dystonia is a disease characterized by painful muscle contractions resulting in uncontrollable distortions. This specific type of dystonia is found in children, with symptoms starting around the ages of 11 or 12. It commonly begins with contractions in one general area such as an arm or a... - Otto RennerOtto RennerOtto Renner FRS was a German plant geneticist. Following the work of Erwin Baur, Renner established the theory of maternal plastid inheritance as a widely accepted genetic theory.Renner worked with plants from the genera Oenothera....
(1883–1960), German plant geneticist, established maternal plastidPlastidPlastids are major organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell...
inheritance - Marcus Rhoades (1903–1991), great maize (corn) geneticist and cytogeneticist
- David L. Rimoin (1936- ), Canadian-US pediatric geneticist, focus on particularly skeletal dysplasiaDysplasiaDysplasia , is a term used in pathology to refer to an abnormality of development. This generally consists of an expansion of immature cells, with a corresponding decrease in the number and location of mature cells. Dysplasia is often indicative of an early neoplastic process...
s - Richard RobertsRichard J. RobertsSir Richard "Rich" John Roberts is a British biochemist and molecular biologist. He was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Phillip Allen Sharp for the discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA and the mechanism of gene-splicing.When he was 4, his family moved to Bath. In...
(1943- ), British molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for intronIntronAn intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to generate the final mature RNA product of a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. Sequences that are joined together in the final...
s and gene-splicing - Arthur Robinson (1914–2000), American pediatrician, geneticist, pioneer on sex chromosome anomalies
- Herschel L. RomanHerschel L. RomanHerschel Lewis Roman was a geneticist famous for popularizing the use of yeast in genetic research.Roman was born in Szumsk in eastern Poland on September 29, 1914. His father had moved to the United States in anticipation of bringing Herschel and his mother, but mother and son were not able to...
(1914–1989), American geneticist, innovated in analysis in maizeMaizeMaize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
and budding yeast - Irwin RoseIrwin RoseIrwin A. Rose is an American biologist. Along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.-Biography:...
(1926- ), American biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for ubiquitinUbiquitinUbiquitin is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Among other functions, it directs protein recycling.Ubiquitin can be attached to proteins and label them for destruction...
-mediated protein degradation - Leon Rosenberg (c.1932- ), US physician-geneticist, molecular basis of inherited metabolic disease
- Peyton Rous (1879–1970), American tumor virologist and tissue culture expert, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
- Janet RowleyJanet RowleyJanet Davison Rowley is an American human geneticist and the first scientist to identify a chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers....
(1925- ), American cancer cytogeneticist who found Ph chromosome due to translocationChromosomal translocationIn genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. A gene fusion may be created when the translocation joins two otherwise separated genes, the occurrence of which is common in cancer. It is detected on... - Peter T. Rowley (1929–2006), American internist and geneticist, genetics of cancer and leukemia
- Frank Ruddle, US biologist, somatic cell genetics, human gene mapping, paved way for transgenic mice
- Ernst RüdinErnst RüdinErnst Rüdin , was a Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist. Rüdin was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland...
(1874–1952), Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist who promoted racial hygieneRacial hygieneRacial hygiene was a set of early twentieth century state sanctioned policies by which certain groups of individuals were allowed to procreate and others not, with the expressed purpose of promoting certain characteristics deemed to be particularly desirable... - Elizabeth S. Russell (1913–2001), US mammalian geneticist, pioneering work on pigmentation, blood-forming cells, and germ cells
- Liane B. Russell (c. 1923- ), Austrian-born US mouse geneticist and radiation biologist
- William L. Russell (1910–2003), UK-US mouse geneticist, pioneered study of mutagenesisMutagenesisMutagenesis is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed in a stable manner, resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using laboratory procedures...
in mice
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- Leo SachsLeo SachsLeo Sachs is a German-born Israeli molecular biologist and cancer researcher. Born in Leipzig, he Emigrated to England in 1933, and to Israel in 1952...
(1924- ), German-Israeli molecular cancer biologist, colony-stimulating factorColony-stimulating factorColony-stimulating factors are secreted glycoproteins that bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of hemopoietic stem cells, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause the cells to proliferate and differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell Colony-stimulating...
s, interleukinInterleukinInterleukins are a group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells . The term interleukin derives from "as a means of communication", and "deriving from the fact that many of these proteins are produced by leukocytes and act on leukocytes"...
s - Ruth SagerRuth SagerRuth Sager was an eminent American geneticist. Sager enjoyed two scientific careers. Her first was in the 1950s and 1960s when she pioneered the field of cytoplasmic genetics...
(1918–1997), US geneticist, pioneer of cytoplasmCytoplasmThe cytoplasm is a small gel-like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures , except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms are contained within the cytoplasm...
ic genetics, tumor suppressor geneTumor suppressor geneA tumor suppressor gene, or anti-oncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes.-Two-hit hypothesis:Unlike...
s - Joseph SambrookJoseph SambrookJoseph Frank Sambrook is a British molecular biologist known for his studies of DNA oncoviruses and the molecular biology of normal and cancerous cells...
(1939- ), British viral geneticist - Avery A. Sandberg, US internist, discovered XYY in 1961, expert on chromosomes in cancer
- Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl (1953–2002), Dutch expert on genetic epidemiologyGenetic epidemiologyGenetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors...
and statistical genetics - Larry Sandler (1929–1987), US DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
geneticist, chromosome mechanics, devoted teacher - John C. SanfordJohn C. Sanford-Academic career:Sanford graduated in 1976 from the University of Minnesota with a BSc in horticulture. He then went to the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he received an MSc in 1978 and a PhD in 1980 in plant breeding and genetics. Between 1980 and 1986 Sanford was an assistant professor at...
(1950- ), American horticultural geneticist and intelligent designIntelligent designIntelligent design is the proposition that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." It is a form of creationism and a contemporary adaptation of the traditional teleological argument for...
advocate - Fred SangerFrederick SangerFrederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS is an English biochemist and a two-time Nobel laureate in chemistry, the only person to have been so. In 1958 he was awarded a Nobel prize in chemistry "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"...
(1918- ), UK biochemist, two Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
s, sequence of insulinInsulinInsulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
, DNA sequencingDNA sequencingDNA sequencing includes several methods and technologies that are used for determining the order of the nucleotide bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a molecule of DNA....
method - Ruth Sanger (1918–2001), Australian expert on blood groupsHuman blood group systemsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognises 30 major blood group systems . Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane...
, along with husband Robert Race - Karl SaxKarl SaxKarl Sax was an American botanist and geneticist, in particular he was noted for his research in cytogenetics and the effect of radiation on chromosomes....
(1892–1973), American botanist and cytogeneticist, effects of radiationRadiationIn physics, radiation is a process in which energetic particles or energetic waves travel through a medium or space. There are two distinct types of radiation; ionizing and non-ionizing...
on chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
s - Paul SchedlPaul SchedlPaul Daniel Schedl is a Professor of Molecular Biology at Princeton University.Schedl was born to the famed professor of chemistry at the University of Iowa, Harold Schedl and professor of art, Naomi Schedl...
(1947- ), US molecular biologist, genetic regulation of developmental pathways in fruit fly - Albert Schinzel (1944- ), Austrian human geneticist, clinical genetics, karyotypeKaryotypeA karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism.p28...
-phenotypePhenotypeA phenotype is an organism's observable characteristics or traits: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior...
correlations - Werner Schmid (1930–2002), Swiss pioneer in human cytogenetics, described cat-eye syndrome
- Gertrud SchüpbachGertrud SchüpbachTrudi Schüpbach is a Swiss-American molecular biologist. She is a Professor of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, where her laboratory studies molecular and genetic mechanisms in fruit fly oogenesis.Dr...
, Swiss-American biologist, molecular and genetic mechanisms in oogenesis - Charles ScriverCharles ScriverCharles Robert Scriver, is an eminent Canadian pediatrician and biochemical geneticist. Scriver made many important contributions to our knowledge of inborn errors of metabolism...
(1930- ), Canadian pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, newborn metabolic screening - Ernie Sears, (1910–1991), Wheat Geneticist who pioneered methods of transferring desirable genes from wild relatives to cultivated wheat in order to increase wheat's resistance to various insects and diseases
- Jay SeegmillerJ. Edwin SeegmillerJ Edwin Seegmiller, or Jay Seegmiller, was an American physician and biochemical geneticist best known for his role in discovering the biochemical basis of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. He was a rheumatologist and a pioneer in research on arthritic diseases and on aging.-Life:Jay Seegmiller was born...
(1920–2006), US human biochemical geneticist, found cause of Lesch-Nyhan syndromeLesch-Nyhan syndromeLesch–Nyhan syndrome , also known as Nyhan's syndrome, Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome and Juvenile gout, is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase , produced by mutations in the HPRT gene located on X chromosome. LNS affects about... - Fred Sherman (c. 1933- ), US geneticist, one of the "fathers" and mentors of modern yeast genetics
- Larry Shapiro, US pediatric geneticist, lysosomal storage disorders, X chromosome inactivation
- Lucy Shapiro, US molecular geneticist, gene expression during the cell cycle, bacterium Caulobacter
- Phillip SharpPhillip Allen SharpPhillip Allen Sharp is an American geneticist and molecular biologist who co-discovered RNA splicing. He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J...
(1944- ), US geneticist and molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for co-discovery of gene splicing - Philip Sheppard (1921–1976), British population geneticist, lepidopteristLepidopteristA lepidopterist is a person who specialises in the study of Lepidoptera, members of an order encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
, human blood groupHuman blood group systemsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognises 30 major blood group systems . Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane...
researcher - G. H. Shull (1874–1954), American geneticist, made key discoveries including heterosisHeterosisHeterosis, or hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement, is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. The adjective derived from heterosis is heterotic....
- Obaid SiddiquiObaid SiddiquiObaid Siddiqi is a neurogeneticist who has done pioneering work on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. He is still active as a researcher at National Centre for Biological Science, Bangalore .-Early life:...
(1932- ), Indian neurogeneticist, pioneer on olfactory sense of fruit fly DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit... - David SillenceDavid SillenceDavid Sillence is the foundation chair of Medical Genetics in the University of Sydney. An honours graduate of the University of Sydney, he obtained his MD in Medical Genetics from the University of Melbourne 1978 in Bone Dysplasias....
(1944- ), Australian clinical geneticist, pioneered training of Australian geneticists, research in bone dysplasiaDysplasiaDysplasia , is a term used in pathology to refer to an abnormality of development. This generally consists of an expansion of immature cells, with a corresponding decrease in the number and location of mature cells. Dysplasia is often indicative of an early neoplastic process...
s, classified Osteogenesis ImperfectaOsteogenesis imperfectaOsteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic bone disorder. People with OI are born with defective connective tissue, or without the ability to make it, usually because of a deficiency of Type-I collagen... - Norman SimmonsNorman SimmonsNorman Simmons was a Nobel Prize nominee and DNA research pioneer. Simmons was nominated in 1972 for a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Dr. Elkan Bout on proteins and polypeptides and was also recognized for isolating a structurally pure form of DNA...
(1915–2004), US, forgotten donor of pure DNA to Rosalind FranklinRosalind FranklinRosalind Elsie Franklin was a British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal and graphite...
in double helix saga - Piotr Slonimski (1922- ), Polish-Parisian yeast geneticist, pioneer of mitochondrial heredity
- William S. Sly (c. 1931- ), US biochemical geneticist, mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome)
- Cedric A. B. Smith (1917–2002), British statistician, made key contributions to statistical genetics
- David W. SmithDavid W. SmithDavid Smith is a retired hammer thrower from Great Britain, who represented the United Kingdom in the men's hammer throw event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia...
(1926–1981), US pediatrician, influential dysmorphologist, named fetal alcohol syndromeFetal alcohol syndromeFetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Current research also implicates other lifestyle choices made by the prospective mother... - Hamilton SmithHamilton O. SmithHamilton Othanel Smith is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate.Smith was born on August 23, 1931, and graduated from University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, but in 1950 transferred to the University of California,...
(1931- ), American microbiologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for restriction endonucleases - Michael SmithMichael Smith (chemist)Michael Smith, CC, OBC, FRS was a British-born Canadian biochemist who won the 1993 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.-Biography:...
(1932–2000), UK-born Canadian biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for site-directed mutagenesisSite-directed mutagenesisSite-directed mutagenesis, also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, is a molecular biology technique in which a mutation is created at a defined site in a DNA molecule. In general, this form of mutagenesis requires that the wild type gene sequence be known... - Oliver SmithiesOliver SmithiesOliver Smithies is a British-born American geneticist and Nobel laureate, credited with the invention of gel electrophoresis in 1955, and the simultaneous discovery, with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more...
(1925- ), UK/US molecular geneticist, inventor, gel electrophoresisGel electrophoresisGel electrophoresis is a method used in clinical chemistry to separate proteins by charge and or size and in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate a mixed population of DNA and RNA fragments by length, to estimate the size of DNA and RNA fragments or to separate proteins by charge...
, knock-out mice - George Snell (1903–1996), US mouse geneticist, pioneer transplantOrgan transplantOrgan transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site on the patient's own body, for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or absent organ. The emerging field of regenerative medicine is allowing scientists and engineers to create organs to be...
immunologist, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895... - Lawrence H. Snyder (1901–1986), American pioneer in medical genetics, studied blood groupsHuman blood group systemsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognises 30 major blood group systems . Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane...
- Robert R. SokalRobert R. SokalRobert Reuven Sokal is an Austrian-American biostatistician and anthropologist. Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the State University of Stony Brook, New York, Sokal is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences...
(1925- ), Austrian-born US biological anthropologist and biostatistician. - Tracy M. Sonneborn (1905–1981), protozoan biologist and geneticist
- Ed SouthernEdwin SouthernSir Edwin Mellor Southern, FRS is an English 2005 Lasker Award-winning molecular biologist. His award was for the invention of the Southern blot, now a common laboratory procedure, when he was working at the University of Edinburgh....
(1938- ), UK molecular biologist, invented Southern blotSouthern blotA Southern blot is a method routinely used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Southern blotting combines transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridization. The method is named...
and DNA microarrayDNA microarrayA DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome...
technologies - Hans SpemannHans SpemannHans Spemann was a German embryologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, an influence, exercised by various parts of the embryo, that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues...
(1869–1941) German embryologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for discovery of embryonic induction - David Stadler, American geneticist, mechanisms of mutation and recombination in NeurosporaNeurosporaNeurospora is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons....
- L.J. StadlerLewis StadlerLewis John Stadler was an American geneticist. His research focused on the mutagenic effects of different forms of radiation on economically important plants like maize and barley.- Background :...
(1896–1954), eminent American maizeMaizeMaize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
geneticist, father of David Stadler - Frank StahlFranklin StahlDr. Franklin William Stahl is an American molecular biologist. With Matthew Meselson, Stahl conducted the famous Meselson-Stahl experiment showing that DNA is replicated by a semiconservative mechanism, meaning that each strand of the DNA serves as a template for the "replicated" strand.He is...
(1929- ), American molecular biologist, the Stahl half of the Meselson-Stahl experimentMeselson-Stahl experimentThe Meselson–Stahl experiment was an experiment by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958 which supported the hypothesis that DNA replication was semiconservative. Semiconservative replication means that when the double stranded DNA helix was replicated, each of the two double stranded DNA... - David StatesDavid StatesDavid J. States M.D., Ph.D. is a at the University of Michigan. His research group is using computational methods to understand the human genome and how it relates to the human proteome. He is the Director of the Michigan NIH and a Senior Scientist in the ....
, US geneticist & bioinformatician, computational study of human genome & proteomeProteomeThe proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism. More specifically, it is the set of expressed proteins in a given type of cells or an organism at a given time under defined conditions. The term is a portmanteau of proteins and genome.The term has been... - G. Ledyard StebbinsG. Ledyard StebbinsGeorge Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. was an American botanist and geneticist who is widely regarded as one of the leading evolutionary biologists of the 20th century. Stebbins received his Ph.D. in botany from Harvard University in 1931. He went on to the University of California, Berkeley, where his work...
(1906–2000), American botanist, geneticist and evolutionary biologist - Michael StebbinsMichael StebbinsMichael Stebbins is an American geneticist and science writer. He received his B.S. in biology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and his Ph.D...
, American geneticist, science writer, editor and activist - Emmy Stein (1879–1954), German botanist and geneticist
- Joan A. SteitzJoan A. SteitzJoan Argetsinger Steitz is a molecular biologist at Yale University, famed for her discoveries involving RNA, including ground-breaking insights such as that ribosomes interact with mRNA by complementary base pairing and that introns are spliced by snRNPs, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins which...
(c.1942- ), US molecular biologist, pioneering studies of snRNAs and snRNPSnRNPsnRNPs , or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, are RNA-protein complexes that combine with unmodified pre-mRNA and various other proteins to form a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs...
s (snurps) - Gunther StentGunther StentGunther S. Stent was Graduate Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was born in Berlin as "Günter Siegmund Stensch"; the name was changed after the migration to the USA...
(1924- ), German-born US molecular geneticist, phage worker, philosopher of science - Curt Stern (1902–1981), German-born US DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
and human geneticist, great teacher - Nettie StevensNettie StevensNettie Maria Stevens was an early American geneticist. She and Edmund Beecher Wilson were the first researchers to describe the chromosomal basis of sex....
(1861–1912), US geneticist, studied chromosomal basis of sex and discovered XY basis - Miodrag StojkovicMiodrag StojkovicMiodrag Stojković is a Serbian researcher in genetics with the Institute of Human Genetics at Newcastle University. He holds a PhD from the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich...
(1964- ), Serbian geneticist, working in Europe on mammalian cloning - George StreisingerGeorge StreisingerGeorge Streisinger was a molecular biologist at the University of Oregon. He was the first person to clone a vertebrate, cloning zebra fish in his University of Oregon laboratory. He also pioneered work in the genetics of the T-even bacterial viruses...
(1927–1984), American geneticist, work on bacterial virusVirusA virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
es, frameshift mutationFrameshift mutationA frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides that is not evenly divisible by three from a DNA sequence...
s
- List item Leonell Strong (1894-1982) American geneticist, mouse geneticist and cancer researcher
- Alfred SturtevantAlfred SturtevantAlfred Henry Sturtevant was an American geneticist. Sturtevant constructed the first genetic map of a chromosome in 1913. Throughout his career he worked on the organism Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan...
(1891–1970), constructed first genetic map of a chromosomeChromosomeA chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes... - John Sulston (1942- ), British molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for programmed cell deathProgrammed cell deathProgrammed cell-death is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process which generally confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle...
in C. elegansCaenorhabditis elegansCaenorhabditis elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode , about 1 mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. Research into the molecular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model... - James Sumner (1887–1955), American biochemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
, found enzymes can be crystallized - Maurice Super (d. 2006, age 69), S. African-born UK pediatric geneticist, studied cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease affecting most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine...
- Grant Sutherland, Australian molecular cytogeneticist, pioneer on human fragile sites, human genomeHuman genomeThe human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens, which is stored on 23 chromosome pairs plus the small mitochondrial DNA. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomal chromosome pairs, while the remaining pair is sex-determining...
- Walter SuttonWalter SuttonWalter Stanborough Sutton was an American geneticist and physician whose most significant contribution to present-day biology was his theory that the Mendelian laws of inheritance could be applied to chromosomes at the cellular level of living organisms...
(1877–1916), US surgeon and scientist, proved chromosomes contained genes - David SuzukiDavid SuzukiDavid Suzuki, CC, OBC is a Canadian academic, science broadcaster and environmental activist. Suzuki earned a Ph.D in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1961, and was a professor in the genetics department of the University of British Columbia from 1963 until his retirement in 2001...
(1936-), Canadian DrosophilaDrosophilaDrosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
geneticist, science broadcaster and environmental activist - M.S. Swaminathan (1925- ), Indian agricultural scientist, geneticist, leader of Green Revolution in India
- Bryan SykesBryan SykesBryan Sykes is a former Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford and a current Fellow of Wolfson College.Sykes published the first report on retrieving DNA from ancient bone...
, British human geneticist, discovered ways to extract DNA from fossilized bones - Jack Szostak (1952- ), Anglo-US geneticist, work on telomereTelomereA telomere is a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos "end" and merοs "part"...
s, recombinationGenetic recombinationGenetic recombination is a process by which a molecule of nucleic acid is broken and then joined to a different one. Recombination can occur between similar molecules of DNA, as in homologous recombination, or dissimilar molecules, as in non-homologous end joining. Recombination is a common method...
, artificial chromosomes
- Alfred Sturtevant
T
- Edward Tatum (1909–1975), showed genes control individual steps in metabolism
- Howard Temin (1934–1994), US geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for discovery of reverse transcriptaseReverse transcriptaseIn the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry, a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into single-stranded DNA. It also helps in the formation of a double helix DNA once the RNA has been reverse... - Alan TempletonAlan TempletonAlan R. Templeton is an American geneticist and statistician from Washington University in St. Louis, where he holds the Charles Rebstock professorship in biology. He is known for his work demonstrating the lack of genetic differences between humans of different races...
(c.1948- ), US geneticist & biostatistician, molecular evolution, evolutionary biology - Donnall ThomasE. Donnall ThomasDr. Edward Donnall Thomas is an American physician, professor emeritus at the University of Washington, and director emeritus of the clinical research division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In 1990 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph E. Murray for the...
(1920- ) US physician, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for bone marrow transplantation for leukemiaLeukemiaLeukemia or leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases... - Nikolay Timofeeff-RessovskyNikolay Timofeeff-RessovskyNikolaj Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskij was a Soviet biologist. He conducted research in radiation genetics, experimental population genetics, and microevolution...
(1900–1981), Russian radiation and evolution geneticist - Alfred Tissières (1917–2003), Swiss molecular geneticist, pioneered molecular biology in GenevaGenevaGeneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
- Joe Hin TjioJoe Hin TjioJoe Hin Tjio , was a cytogeneticist renowned as the first person to recognize the normal number of human chromosomes. This epochal event occurred on December 22, 1955 at the Institute of Genetics of the University of Lund in Sweden, where Tjio was a visiting scientist.-Early life:Tjio was born to...
(1919–2001), Java-born geneticist who first discovered humans have 46 chromosomes - Susumu TonegawaSusumu TonegawaSusumu Tonegawa is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training...
(1939- ), Japanese molecular biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for genetics of antibodyAntibodyAn antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, termed an antigen...
diversity - Erich von TschermakErich von TschermakErich von Tschermak-Seysenegg was an Austrian agronomist who developed several new disease-resistant crops, including wheat-rye and oat hybrids. He was a son of the Moravia-born mineralogist Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg...
(1871–1962) Austrian agronomistAgronomistAn agronomist is a scientist who specializes in agronomy, which is the science of utilizing plants for food, fuel, feed, and fiber. An agronomist is an expert in agricultural and allied sciences, with the exception veterinary sciences.Agronomists deal with interactions between plants, soils, and...
and one of the re-discoverers of MendelGregor MendelGregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance...
's laws - Lap-Chee TsuiLap-Chee TsuiProfessor Lap-chee Tsui, OC, O.Ont is a Chinese-Canadian geneticist and currently the Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Hong Kong.-Personal life:Tsui was born in Shanghai...
, Chinese geneticist, sequenced first human gene (for cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease affecting most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine...
) with CollinsFrancis Collins (geneticist)Francis Sellers Collins , is an American physician-geneticist, noted for his discoveries of disease genes and his leadership of the Human Genome Project . He currently serves as Director of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Prior to being appointed Director, he founded and... - Raymond Turpin (1895–1988), French pediatrician, geneticist, Lejeune'sJérôme LejeuneServant of God Jérôme Jean Louis Marie Lejeune was a French Catholic pro-life paediatrician and geneticist, best known for his discovery of the link of diseases to chromosome abnormalities...
co-discoverer of trisomy 21
U
- Axel UllrichAxel UllrichAxel Ullrich in is a German cancer researcher and has been the Director of the Molecular biology dept. at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany since 1988. This deptartment's research has primarily focused on signal transduction...
(1943- ), German molecular biologist, signal transductionSignal transductionSignal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a cell surface receptor. In turn, this receptor alters intracellular molecules creating a response...
, discovered oncogeneOncogeneAn oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels.An oncogene is a gene found in the chromosomes of tumor cells whose activation is associated with the initial and continuing conversion of normal cells into cancer...
, Herceptin - Irene Ayako UchidaIrene Ayako UchidaIrene Ayako Uchida, OC is a Canadian scientist and Down's Syndrome researcher.Born in Vancouver, she initially studied English literature at the University of British Columbia...
(1917- ), Canadian geneticist and cytogeneticist. One of the first in Canada. Down syndromeDown syndromeDown syndrome, or Down's syndrome, trisomy 21, is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British physician who described the syndrome in 1866. The condition was clinically described earlier in the 19th...
V
- Harold Varmus (1939- ), American Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner for oncogenes, head of NIH - Rajeev Kumar VarshneyRajeev Kumar VarshneyRajeev Kumar Varshney is a geneticist currently working as Principal Scientist- Applied Genomics at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics , Patancheru, India and also Theme Leader - Comparative and Applied Genomics , , hosted at CIMMYT, Mexico.Rajeev Varshney has over 10...
(1973- ), Indian Geneticist, Principal Scientist at ICRISAT and Theme Leader at Generation Challenge Programme - Nikolai VavilovNikolai VavilovNikolai Ivanovich Vavilov was a prominent Russian and Soviet botanist and geneticist best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants...
(1887–1943), eminent Russian botanist and geneticist, anti-LysenkoTrofim LysenkoTrofim Denisovich Lysenko was a Soviet agronomist of Ukrainian origin, who was director of Soviet biology under Joseph Stalin. Lysenko rejected Mendelian genetics in favor of the hybridization theories of Russian horticulturist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, and adopted them into a powerful...
, died in prison - Craig VenterCraig VenterJohn Craig Venter is an American biologist and entrepreneur, most famous for his role in being one of the first to sequence the human genome and for his role in creating the first cell with a synthetic genome in 2010. Venter founded Celera Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research and the J...
(1946- ), American molecular biologist and entrepreneur, raced to sequenceSequence (biology)A sequence in biology is the one-dimensional ordering of monomers, covalently linked within in a biopolymer; it is also referred to as the primary structure of the biological macromolecule.-See also:* Protein sequence* DNA sequence...
the genomeGenomeIn modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information. It is encoded either in DNA or, for many types of virus, in RNA. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.... - Jerome Vinograd (1913–1976), US, leader in biochemistry and molecular biology of nucleic acidNucleic acidNucleic acids are biological molecules essential for life, and include DNA and RNA . Together with proteins, nucleic acids make up the most important macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information...
s - Friedrich Vogel, German, leader in human genetics, coined term "pharmacogeneticsPharmacogeneticsThe terms pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics tend to be used interchangeably, and a precise, consensus definition of either remains elusive...
" - Bert VogelsteinBert VogelsteinBert Vogelstein is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at The Johns Hopkins University. He clarified the role of the gene p53, which repairs DNA in dividing cells and destroys the cell if its DNA cannot be repaired. Damaged p53 is responsible for half of all cancers...
(1949- ), US pediatrician and cancer geneticist, series of mutationMutationIn molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus. They can be defined as sudden and spontaneous changes in the cell. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic...
s in colorectal cancerColorectal cancerColorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, is a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth , in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Colorectal cancer is clinically distinct from anal cancer, which affects the anus.... - Erik Adolf von WillebrandErik Adolf von WillebrandErik Adolf von Willebrand was an internist from Finland.The son of a district engineer in Vaasa, von Willebrand got his medical degree in the University of Helsinki. He graduated in 1896, and did his doctoral thesis on the changes that occurred in blood following significant blood loss...
(1870–1949), Finnish internist who found commonest bleeding disorder
W
- Petrus Johannes WaardenburgPetrus Johannes WaardenburgPetrus Johannes Waardenburg was a Dutch ophthalmologist, geneticist, and pioneer in the application of genetics to ophthalmology...
(1886–1979), Dutch ophthalmologist, geneticist, Waardenburg syndromeWaardenburg syndromeWaardenburg syndrome Waardenburg syndrome Waardenburg syndrome (also Waardenburg Shah Syndrome, Waardenburg-Klein syndrome, Mende's syndrome II, Van der Hoeve-Halbertsma-Waardenburg syndrome, Ptosis-Epicanthus syndrome, Van der Hoeve-Halbertsma-Gualdi syndrome, Waardenburg type Pierpont,[5] Van... - C. H. Waddington (1905–1975), British developmental biologist, paleontologist, geneticist, embryologist
- Alfred Russel WallaceAlfred Russel WallaceAlfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist...
(1823–1913), Welsh, proposed natural selectionNatural selectionNatural selection is the nonrandom process by which biologic traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution....
theory independent of DarwinCharles DarwinCharles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory... - Douglas Wallace, US mitochondrial geneticist, pioneered human mtDNA as a molecular marker
- Peter WalterPeter WalterPeter Walter is a German-American molecular biologist and biochemist. He earned a B.S. degree in chemistry from the Free University of Berlin, an M.S. degree in organic chemistry from Vanderbilt University, and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the Rockefeller University...
, German-US molecular biologist studying protein foldingProtein foldingProtein folding is the process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from random coil....
and protein targetingProtein targetingProtein targeting or protein sorting is the mechanism by which a cell transports proteins to the appropriate positions in the cell or outside of it. Sorting targets can be the inner space of an organelle, any of several interior membranes, the cell's outer membrane, or its exterior via secretion... - Richard H. Ward (1943–2003), English-born New Zealand human and anthropological geneticist
- James D. WatsonJames D. WatsonJames Dewey Watson is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick...
(1928- ), US molecular geneticist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for discovery of the double helix - David WeatherallDavid WeatherallSir David John Weatherall is a British physician and researcher in molecular genetics, haematology, pathology and clinical medicine....
, distinguished UK physician, geneticist, pioneer in hemoglobinHemoglobinHemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, as well as the tissues of some invertebrates...
and molecular medicineMolecular medicineMolecular medicine is a broad field, where physical, chemical, biological and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms, identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of disease, and to develop molecular interventions to correct them... - Robert WeinbergRobert WeinbergRobert Allan Weinberg is a Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at MIT and American Cancer Society Research Professor; his research is in the area of oncogenes and the genetic basis of human cancer. Weinberg is also affiliated with the Broad Institute and is a founding member of the...
, US, discovered first human oncogeneOncogeneAn oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels.An oncogene is a gene found in the chromosomes of tumor cells whose activation is associated with the initial and continuing conversion of normal cells into cancer...
and first tumor suppressor geneTumor suppressor geneA tumor suppressor gene, or anti-oncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes.-Two-hit hypothesis:Unlike... - Wilhelm WeinbergWilhelm WeinbergDr Wilhelm Weinberg was a German half-Jewish physician and obstetrician-gynecologist, practicing in Stuttgart, who in a 1908 paper Dr Wilhelm Weinberg (Stuttgart, December 25, 1862 – Tübingen, November 27, 1937) was a German half-Jewish physician and obstetrician-gynecologist, practicing in...
(1862–1937),German physician, formulated basic law of population genetics - Spencer WellsSpencer WellsSpencer Wells is a geneticist and anthropologist, an at the National Geographic Society, and Frank H.T. Rhodes Class of '56 Professor at Cornell University. He leads The Genographic Project.-Education:...
(1969- ), US genetic anthropologist, head of Genographic Project to map past migrations - Susan R. WesslerSusan R. WesslerSusan R. Wessler, Ph.D. is an American plant molecular biologist and geneticist. She is Distinguished Professor of Genetics at the University of California, Riverside ....
(1953- ), US plant molecular geneticist, transposable elements re genetic diversity - Raymond White, US cancer geneticist, cloned APC colon cancer gene & neurofibromatosisNeurofibromatosisNeurofibromatosis is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows tumors that may be benign or may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues...
gene - Glayde WhitneyGlayde WhitneyGlayde D. Whitney was a behavioral geneticist and psychology professor at Florida State University. Beyond his work into the genetics of sensory system function in mice, in his later life he supported race and intelligence research and eugenics.-Biography:Whitney was born in Montana and grew up in...
(1939–2002) US behavioral geneticist, accused of supporting scientific racism - Reed WicknerReed WicknerReed B. Wickner is an American yeast geneticist. In 1994 he proposed that the [PSI+] and [URE3] phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a form of budding yeast, were caused by prion forms of native proteins. Specifically, the sup35p protein....
(c. 1940- ) US molecular geneticist, yeastYeastYeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. Most reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by an asymmetric division process called budding...
phenotypes due to prionPrionA prion is an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form. This is in contrast to all other known infectious agents which must contain nucleic acids . The word prion, coined in 1982 by Stanley B. Prusiner, is a portmanteau derived from the words protein and infection...
forms of native proteinProteinProteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s - Alexander S. WienerAlexander S. WienerAlexander Solomon Wiener , a lifelong resident of New York City, was recognized internationally for his contributions to medicine. He was an outstanding leader in the fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics. His pioneer work led to discovery of the Rh factor in 1937, along with Dr...
(1907–1976), U.S. immunologist, discovered RhRhesus blood group systemThe Rh blood group system is one of thirty current human blood group systems. Clinically, it is the most important blood group system after ABO. At Present, the Rh blood group system consists of 50 defined blood-group antigens, among which the 5 antigens D, C, c, E, and e are the most important...
blood groupsHuman blood group systemsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion currently recognises 30 major blood group systems . Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane...
with LandsteinerLandsteinerLandsteiner:* Leopold Landsteiner , a 19c. Austrian publicist* Karl Borromäus Landsteiner , Austrian Catholic theologian, author* Karl Landsteiner , an Austrian Jewish chemist and physician**... - Eric F. WieschausEric F. Wieschaus-External links:***, excellent profile**...
(1947- ), American developmental biologist and Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner - Maurice WilkinsMaurice WilkinsMaurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist, and Nobel Laureate whose research contributed to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and to the development of radar...
(1916–2004), New Zealand-born British Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
-winner with Watson and CrickWatson and CrickJames D. Watson and Francis Crick were the two co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953. They used x-ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin and proposed the double helix or spiral staircase structure of the DNA molecule... - Huntington WillardHuntington WillardHuntington F Willard is an American human geneticist. In 2003 he became the Nanaline H. Duke Professor of Genome Sciences, the first Director of the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, and Vice Chancellor for Genome Sciences at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.Willard...
(c.1953- ), US human geneticist, X chromosome inactivation, gene silencingGene silencingGene silencing is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation. The term gene silencing is generally used to describe the "switching off" of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic modification... - Robley Williams (1908–1995), US virologist, recreated tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic virus is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns on the leaves . TMV was the first virus to be discovered...
from its RNARNARibonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....
+ protein coat - Ian WilmutIan WilmutSir Ian Wilmut, OBE FRS FMedSci FRSE is an English embryologist and is currently Director of the Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic...
(1944- ) UK reproductive biologist who first cloned a mammal (lamb named Dolly) - Allan WilsonAllan WilsonAllan Charles Wilson was a pioneer in the use of molecular approaches to understand evolutionary change and reconstruct phylogenies, and a contributor to the study of human evolution. He was one of the most controversial figures in post-war biology; his work attracted a great deal of attention...
(1934–1991) New Zealand-US innovator in molecular study of human evolution - David Sloan WilsonDavid Sloan WilsonDavid Sloan Wilson is an American evolutionary biologist and a Distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at Binghamton University. He is a son of the author Sloan Wilson.-Academic career:...
(1949- ), US evolutionary biologist and geneticist - Edmund Beecher WilsonEdmund Beecher WilsonEdmund Beecher Wilson was a pioneering American zoologist and geneticist. He wrote one of the most famous textbooks in the history of modern biology, The Cell.- Career :...
(1856–1939), US zoologist, geneticist, discovered XY & XX sex chromosomes - Øjvind WingeØjvind WingeØjvind Winge was a Danish biologist and a pioneer in yeast genetics.He was born in the city of Aarhus in Jutland, the mainland of Denmark. After completing secondary school he travelled to the University of Copenhagen to study law but found himself more suited to the biological sciences into which...
(1886–1964), Danish biologist and pioneer in yeast genetics - Chester B. Whitley (1950- ), US geneticist, pioneered treatment of lysosomal diseases
- Carl WoeseCarl WoeseCarl Richard Woese is an American microbiologist and physicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea in 1977 by phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by Woese and which is now standard practice. He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1977,...
(1928- ), US biologist, defined ArchaeaArchaeaThe Archaea are a group of single-celled microorganisms. A single individual or species from this domain is called an archaeon...
as new domain of life, rRNA phylogenetic tool - Ulrich Wolf (1933- ), German cytogeneticist, found chromosome 4p deletion in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromeWolf-Hirschhorn syndromeWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome , also known as chromosome deletion 4p syndrome, Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome or Pitt syndrome, was first described in 1961 by Americans Herbert L...
- Melaku WoredeMelaku WoredeMelaku Worede is an Ethiopian agronomist. He was educated in the United States and received his Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska in 1972. He was later head of the Plant Genetic Resources Center in Addis Ababa. He was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1989.-References:...
(1936-), Ethiopian conservationist and geneticist - Sewall Wright (1889–1988), eminent US geneticist who, with Fisher, united genetics & evolutionEvolutionEvolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
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- Charles YanofskyCharles Yanofsky- External links :* *...
(1925- ), American molecular geneticist, colinearity of gene and its protein product
Z
- Floyd ZaigerFloyd ZaigerFloyd Zaiger is a biologist who is most noted for his work in fruit genetics, and founded Zaiger's Genetics. He was born in Nebraska and grew up in Iowa. Zaiger has developed both cultivars of existing species and new hybrids such as the pluot and the aprium...
(1926- ), fruit geneticist and entrepreneur - Hans Zellweger (1909–1990) Swiss-US pediatrician and clinical geneticist, described Zellweger syndromeZellweger syndromeZellweger syndrome, also called cerebrohepatorenal syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder, characterized by the reduction or absence of functional peroxisomes in the cells of an individual. It is one of a family of disorders called leukodystrophies...
- Norton ZinderNorton ZinderNorton Zinder is an American biologist famous for his discovery of genetic transduction. Zinder was born in New York City, received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1969...
(1928-) American biologist and phage worker who discovered genetic transductionTransduction (genetics)Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. It also refers to the process whereby foreign DNA is introduced into another cell via a viral vector. Transduction does not require cell-to-cell contact , and it is DNAase resistant... - Rolf M. ZinkernagelRolf M. ZinkernagelRolf Martin Zinkernagel AC is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich.-Career:...
(1944- ), Swiss scientist, won Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for immune recognition of antigenAntigenAn antigen is a foreign molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system. The immune system will then kill or neutralize the antigen that is recognized as a foreign and potentially harmful invader. These invaders can be molecules such as...