ICD-9-CM Volume 3 is a system of procedural codes. It is a subset of ICD-9-CM

ICD

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems is a medical classification that provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or disease...

 (volumes 1 and 2 are used for diagnostic codes.)

(00) Procedures and interventions, not elsewhere classified

• Procedures and interventions, not elsewhere classified
  • Procedures on blood vessels
    • Percutaneous
      Percutaneous
      In surgery, percutaneous pertains to any medical procedure where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin, rather than by using an "open" approach where inner organs or tissue are exposed .The percutaneous approach is commonly used in vascular procedures...
      
       angioplasty
      Angioplasty
      Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a balloon catheter, is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size...
      
       or atherectomy
      Atherectomy
      Atherectomy is a minimally invasive surgical method of removing, mainly, atherosclerosis from a large blood vessel within the body. Today, it is generally used to effectively treat peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities...
      
       of precerebral (extracranial) vessel(s)

(01–05) Operations on the nervous system

Nervous system

The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous...

 

• Incision and excision of skull
  Human skull
  The human skull is a bony structure, skeleton, that is in the human head and which supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain.In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones...
  
  , brain
  Human brain
  The human brain has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is over three times larger than the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size. Estimates for the number of neurons in the human brain range from 80 to 120 billion...
  
  , and cerebral meninges
  • Craniotomy
    Craniotomy
    A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain. Craniotomies are often a critical operation performed on patients recording, brain imaging, and for neurological manipulations such as electrical stimulation and chemical...
    
     and craniectomy
  • Incision of brain and cerebral meninges
    • Lobotomy
      Lobotomy
      Lobotomy "; τομή – tomē: "cut/slice") is a neurosurgical procedure, a form of psychosurgery, also known as a leukotomy or leucotomy . It consists of cutting the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain...
      
       and tractotomy
  • Other excision or destruction of brain
    Human brain
    The human brain has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is over three times larger than the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size. Estimates for the number of neurons in the human brain range from 80 to 120 billion...
    
     and meninges
    Meninges
    The meninges is the system of membranes which envelopes the central nervous system. The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges and of the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system.-Dura...
    
    
    • Hemispherectomy
      Hemispherectomy
      Hemispherectomy is a very rare surgical procedure where one cerebral hemisphere is removed or disabled. This procedure is used to treat a variety of seizure disorders where the source of the epilepsy is localized to a broad area of a single hemisphere of the brain...
      
      

• Other operations on skull
  Human skull
  The human skull is a bony structure, skeleton, that is in the human head and which supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain.In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones...
  
  , brain
  Human brain
  The human brain has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is over three times larger than the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size. Estimates for the number of neurons in the human brain range from 80 to 120 billion...
  
  , and cerebral meninges
  • Ventriculostomy
    Ventriculostomy
    Ventriculostomy is a neurosurgical procedure that involves creating a hole within a cerebral ventricle for drainage. It is done by surgically penetrating the skull, dura mater, and brain such that the ventricle of the brain is accessed. When catheter drainage is temporary, it is commonly referred...
    
    

• Operations on spinal cord
  Spinal cord
  The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain . The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system...
  
   and spinal canal
  Spinal canal
  The spinal canal is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae...
  
   structures
  • Exploration
    Exploration
    Exploration is the act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery of resources or information. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans...
    
     and decompression
    Spinal decompression
    Spinal decompression is a term that describes the relief of pressure on one or many pinched nerves of the spinal column.Spinal decompression can be achieved both surgically and non-surgically and is used to treat conditions that result in chronic back pain such as disc bulge, disc herniation,...
    
     of spinal canal
    Spinal canal
    The spinal canal is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae...
    
     structures
    • Other exploration
      Exploration
      Exploration is the act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery of resources or information. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans...
      
       and decompression of spinal canal
      Spinal canal
      The spinal canal is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae...
      
      
      • Laminectomy
        Laminectomy
        Laminectomy is a spine operation to remove the portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina. There are many variations of laminectomy. In the most minimal form small skin incisions are made, back muscles are pushed aside rather than cut, and the parts of the vertebra adjacent to the lamina are...
        
        
  • Division of intraspinal nerve root
    Nerve root
    A nerve root is the initial segment of a nerve leaving the central nervous system. Types include:* A cranial nerve root, the beginning of one of the twelve pairs leaving the central nervous system from the brain stem or the highest levels of the spinal cord;...
    
    
    • Rhizotomy
      Rhizotomy
      A rhizotomy is a term chiefly referring to a neurosurgical procedure that selectively severs problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord, most often to relieve the symptoms of neuromuscular conditions such as spastic diplegia and other forms of spastic cerebral palsy...
      
      
  • Chordotomy
  • Diagnostic
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     procedures on spinal cord
    Spinal cord
    The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain . The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system...
    
     and spinal canal
    Spinal canal
    The spinal canal is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae...
    
     structures
    • Spinal tap
      Lumbar puncture
      A lumbar puncture is a diagnostic and at times therapeutic procedure that is performed in order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis, or very rarely as a treatment to relieve increased intracranial pressure.-Indications:The...
      
      

• Operations on cranial
  Cranial nerves
  Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. In humans, there are traditionally twelve pairs of cranial nerves...
  
   and peripheral nerves
  • Incision, division, and excision of cranial
    Cranial nerves
    Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. In humans, there are traditionally twelve pairs of cranial nerves...
    
     and peripheral nerves
    • Gasserian ganglionectomy
      Ganglionectomy
      A ganglionectomy, also called a gangliectomy, is the surgical removal of a ganglion. The removal of a ganglion cyst usually requires a ganglionectomy. Such cysts usually form on the hand, foot or wrist and may cause pain or impair body function. Aspiration of the cyst and steroid injections are...
      
      
    • Other cranial or peripheral ganglionectomy
      Ganglionectomy
      A ganglionectomy, also called a gangliectomy, is the surgical removal of a ganglion. The removal of a ganglion cyst usually requires a ganglionectomy. Such cysts usually form on the hand, foot or wrist and may cause pain or impair body function. Aspiration of the cyst and steroid injections are...
      
      
  • Injection into peripheral nerve
    • ( Injection of anesthetic into peripheral nerve for analgesia

• Operations on sympathetic nerves or ganglia
  • Sympathectomy
    Sympathectomy
    A Sympathectomy is a procedure during which at least one sympathetic ganglion is removed.An example is endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy....
    
    
    • Sphenopalatine ganglionectomy
      Ganglionectomy
      A ganglionectomy, also called a gangliectomy, is the surgical removal of a ganglion. The removal of a ganglion cyst usually requires a ganglionectomy. Such cysts usually form on the hand, foot or wrist and may cause pain or impair body function. Aspiration of the cyst and steroid injections are...
      
      
    • Other sympathectomy
      Sympathectomy
      A Sympathectomy is a procedure during which at least one sympathetic ganglion is removed.An example is endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy....
      
       and ganglionectomy
      Ganglionectomy
      A ganglionectomy, also called a gangliectomy, is the surgical removal of a ganglion. The removal of a ganglion cyst usually requires a ganglionectomy. Such cysts usually form on the hand, foot or wrist and may cause pain or impair body function. Aspiration of the cyst and steroid injections are...
      
      

(06–07) Operations on the endocrine system

Endocrine system

In physiology, the endocrine system is a system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system, which secretes its chemicals using ducts. It derives from the Greek words "endo"...

 

• Operations on thyroid
  Thyroid
  The thyroid gland or simply, the thyroid , in vertebrate anatomy, is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage...
  
   and parathyroid glands
  • Incision of thyroid field
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on thyroid
    Thyroid
    The thyroid gland or simply, the thyroid , in vertebrate anatomy, is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage...
    
     and parathyroid glands
  • Unilateral thyroid lobectomy
  • Other partial thyroidectomy
  • Complete thyroidectomy
  • Substernal thyroidectomy
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of lingual thyroid
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of thyroglossal duct
    Thyroglossal duct
    The thyroglossal duct is an embryological anatomical structure forming an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position....
    
     or tract
  • Parathyroidectomy
    Parathyroidectomy
    Also known as "Parathyroid gland removal", Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands. This procedure is used to remove primary tumors or hyperplasia of the glands, especially when they produce excessive parathyroid hormone. As drugs such as Fosamax do not treat the...
    
    
  • Other operations on thyroid
    Thyroid
    The thyroid gland or simply, the thyroid , in vertebrate anatomy, is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage...
    
     (region) and parathyroid

• Operations on other endocrine glands
  Endocrine glands
  Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus is a neuroendocrine...
  
  
  • Exploration
    Exploration
    Exploration is the act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery of resources or information. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans...
    
     of adrenal field
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on adrenal glands, pituitary gland
    Pituitary gland
    In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g , in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a dural fold...
    
    , pineal gland
    Pineal gland
    The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions...
    
    , and thymus
    Thymus
    The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system. The thymus produces and "educates" T-lymphocytes , which are critical cells of the adaptive immune system....
    
    
  • Partial adrenalectomy
  • Bilateral adrenalectomy
  • Other operations on adrenal glands, nerves, and vessel
    Lymph vessel
    In anatomy, lymph vessels are thin walled, valved structures that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system. Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and deep to that have a thin layer of smooth muscles, and adventitia that bind...
    
    s
  • Operations on pineal gland
    Pineal gland
    The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions...
    
    
  • Hypophysectomy
    Hypophysectomy
    Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the hypophysis . It is most commonly performed to treat tumors, especially craniopharyngioma tumors. Sometimes it is used to treat Cushing's syndrome due to pituitary adenoma...
    
    
  • Other operations on hypophysis
    Pituitary gland
    In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g , in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a dural fold...
    
    
  • Thymectomy
    Thymectomy
    A thymectomy is an operation to remove the thymus. It usually results in remission of myasthenia gravis with the help of medication including steroids...
    
    
  • Other operations on thymus
    Thymus
    The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system. The thymus produces and "educates" T-lymphocytes , which are critical cells of the adaptive immune system....
    
    

(08–16) Operations on the eye

Human eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth...

 

• Operations on eyelids

• Operations on lacrimal system

• Operations on conjunctiva
  Conjunctiva
  The conjunctiva covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is composed of rare stratified columnar epithelium.-Function:...
  
  

• Operations on cornea
  Cornea
  The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is...
  
  
  • Corneal transplant
  • Other reconstructive and refractive surgery on cornea
    Cornea
    The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is...
    
    
    • Keratomileusis
      Keratomileusis
      Keratomileusis is the surgical improvement of the refractive state of the cornea performed by lifting up the front surface of the eye by forming a thin hinged flap under which the shape of the cornea is changed by using an excimer laser or other surgical device, and was developed by José Ignacio...
      
      
    • Radial keratotomy
      Radial keratotomy
      Radial keratotomy is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia.- Discovery :The procedure was discovered by Svyatoslav Fyodorov who removed glass from the eye of one of his patients who had been in an accident. A boy, who wore eyeglasses, fell off his bicycle and his glasses shattered on...
      
      

• Operations on iris
  Iris (anatomy)
  The iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. "Eye color" is the color of the iris, which can be green, blue, or brown. In some cases it can be hazel , grey, violet, or even pink...
  
  , ciliary body
  Ciliary body
  The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. It is triangular in horizontal section and is coated by a double layer, the ciliary epithelium. This epithelium produces the aqueous humor. The inner layer is transparent and covers...
  
  , sclera
  Sclera
  The sclera , also known as the white or white of the eye, is the opaque , fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest...
  
  , and anterior chamber
  Anterior chamber
  The anterior chamber is the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber. Hyphema and glaucoma are two main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber...
  
  

• Operations on lens
  Lens (anatomy)
  The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a...
  
  
  • Cataract surgery
    Cataract surgery
    Cataract surgery is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed an opacification, which is referred to as a cataract. Metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibers over time lead to the development of the cataract and loss of transparency, causing impairment or loss of vision...
    
    
  • Phacoemulsification
    Phacoemulsification
    Phacoemulsification refers to modern cataract surgery in which the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye...
    
     and aspiration of cataract

• Operations on retina
  Retina
  The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
  
  , choroid
  Choroid
  The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
  
  , vitreous
  Vitreous humour
  The vitreous humour or vitreous humor is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates...
  
  , and posterior chamber
  Posterior chamber
  The posterior chamber should not be confused with vitreous chamber. The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the lens, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes. The Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly...
  
  
  • Removal of foreign body from posterior segment of eye
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on retina
    Retina
    The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
    
    , choroid
    Choroid
    The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
    
    , vitreous
    Vitreous humour
    The vitreous humour or vitreous humor is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates...
    
    , and posterior chamber
    Posterior chamber
    The posterior chamber should not be confused with vitreous chamber. The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the lens, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes. The Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly...
    
    
  • Destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of retina
    Retina
    The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
    
     and choroid
    Choroid
    The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
    
    
  • Repair of retinal tear
  • Repair of retinal detachment
    Retinal detachment
    Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. It is a medical emergency.The retina is a...
    
     with scleral buckling and implant
    Implant (medicine)
    An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Medical implants are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue...
    
    
  • Other repair of retinal detachment
    Retinal detachment
    Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. It is a medical emergency.The retina is a...
    
    
  • Removal of surgically implanted material from posterior segment of eye
  • Operations on vitreous
    Vitreous humour
    The vitreous humour or vitreous humor is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates...
    
    
  • Other operations on retina
    Retina
    The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
    
    , choroid
    Choroid
    The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye , while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm...
    
    , and posterior chamber
    Posterior chamber
    The posterior chamber should not be confused with vitreous chamber. The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the lens, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes. The Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly...
    
    

• Operations on extraocular muscles
  Extraocular muscles
  The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that control the movements of the eye . The actions of the extraocular muscles depend on the position of the eye at the time of muscle contraction.-List of muscles:-Importance:...
  
  

• Operations on orbit
  Orbit
  In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example the orbit of a planet around the center of a star system, such as the Solar System...
  
   and eyeball
  Human eye
  The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth...
  
  
  • Enucleation of the Eye

(18–20) Operations on the ear

Ear

The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system....

 

• Operations on external ear
  • Incision of external ear
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on external ear
  • Excision or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of external ear
  • Other excision of external ear
  • Suture of laceration of external ear
  • Surgical correction of prominent ear
  • Reconstruction of external auditory canal
  • Other plastic repair of external ear
    • Construction of auricle of ear
    • Reattachment of amputated ear
    • Other plastic repair of external ear
      • Otoplasty
        Otoplasty
        Otoplasty denotes the surgical and non-surgical procedures for correcting the deformities and defects of the pinna ; and for reconstructing a defective, or deformed, or absent external ear, consequent to congenital conditions and trauma...
        
         NOS
  • Other operations on external ear

• Reconstructive operations on middle ear
  Middle ear
  The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear has...
  
  
  • Stapes mobilization
  • Stapedectomy
    Stapedectomy
    A stapedectomy is a surgical procedure of the middle ear performed to improve hearing. The world's first stapedectomy is credited to Dr. John J.Shea Jr. who performed it in May 1956 on a 54-year-old housewife who could no longer hear even with a hearing aid. Significant contributions to modern...
    
    
  • Revision of stapedectomy
  • Other operations on ossicular chain
  • Myringoplasty
  • Other tympanoplasty
    Tympanoplasty
    Tympanoplasty is the surgical operation performed for the reconstruction of the eardrum and/or the small bones of the middle ear .-Classification:...
    
    
  • Revision of tympanoplasty
    Tympanoplasty
    Tympanoplasty is the surgical operation performed for the reconstruction of the eardrum and/or the small bones of the middle ear .-Classification:...
    
    
  • Other repair of middle ear
    Middle ear
    The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear has...
    
    

• Other operations on middle and inner ear
  Inner ear
  The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:...
  
  
  • Myringotomy
    Myringotomy
    Myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum, so as to relieve pressure caused by the excessive build-up of fluid, or to drain pus. Myringotomy is often performed as a treatment for acute suppurative otitis media...
    
    
  • Removal of tympanostomy tube
    Tympanostomy tube
    A tympanostomy tube is a small tube inserted into the eardrum in order to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged period of time, and to prevent the accumulation of mucus in the middle ear. The operation to insert the tube involves a myringotomy...
    
    
  • Incision of mastoid and middle ear
    Middle ear
    The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear has...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures on middle
    Middle ear
    The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear has...
    
     and inner ear
    Inner ear
    The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:...
    
    
  • Mastoidectomy
  • Other excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of middle ear
    Middle ear
    The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear has...
    
    
  • Fenestration of inner ear
    Inner ear
    The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:...
    
    
  • Incision, excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
    , and destruction of inner ear
    Inner ear
    The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:...
    
    
  • Operations on Eustachian tube
    Eustachian tube
    The Eustachian tube is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear. It is a part of the middle ear. In adult humans the Eustachian tube is approximately 35 mm long. It is named after the sixteenth-century anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi...
    
    
  • Other operations on inner
    Inner ear
    The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:...
    
     and middle ear
    Middle ear
    The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear has...
    
    

(21-29) Operations on the nose

Human nose

The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...

, mouth

Mouth

The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....

 and pharynx

Pharynx

The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and anterior to the esophagus and larynx. The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx , the oropharynx , and the laryngopharynx...

 

• Operations on nose
  Human nose
  The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
  
  
  • Control of epistaxis
  • Incision of nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    
  • Resection
    Segmental resection
    Segmental resection is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland. It may also be used to remove a tumor and normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung.- External links :* entry in the public domain NCI...
    
     of nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    
  • Submucous resection of nasal septum
    Nasal septum
    The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils.It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle.-Composition:The fleshy external end of the nasal septum is sometimes also called columella....
    
    
  • Turbinectomy
    Turbinectomy
    Turbinectomy is removal of some or all of the turbinate bones of the nose attached to mucous membranes. It has been used to relieve nasal obstruction, but side-effects include removal of nerves that would report the passage of air....
    
    
  • Reduction of nasal fracture
    Nasal fracture
    Broken Nose' redirects here, for the Song by Catherine Wheel, please see Adam and EveA nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of the bone or cartilage of the nose...
    
    
  • Repair and plastic operations on the nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    
    • Suture of laceration of nose
      Human nose
      The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
      
      
    • Closure of nasal fistula
    • Total nasal reconstruction
    • Revision rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty , also nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose, by resolving nasal trauma , congenital defect, respiratory impediment, and a failed primary rhinoplasty...
      
      
    • Augmentation rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty , also nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose, by resolving nasal trauma , congenital defect, respiratory impediment, and a failed primary rhinoplasty...
      
      
    • Limited rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty , also nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose, by resolving nasal trauma , congenital defect, respiratory impediment, and a failed primary rhinoplasty...
      
      
    • Other rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty
      Rhinoplasty , also nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose, by resolving nasal trauma , congenital defect, respiratory impediment, and a failed primary rhinoplasty...
      
      
    • Other septoplasty
      Septoplasty
      Septoplasty is a corrective surgical procedure done fix to straighten the nasal septum, the partition between the two nasal cavities. Ideally, the septum should run down the center of the nose. When it deviates into one of the cavities, it narrows that cavity and impedes airflow. Often the...
      
      
    • Other repair and plastic operations on nose
      Human nose
      The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
      
      
  • Other operation
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
    s on nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    

• Operations on nasal sinuses

• Removal and restoration of teeth
  • Forceps extraction of tooth
    Tooth
    Teeth are small, calcified, whitish structures found in the jaws of many vertebrates that are used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or for defensive purposes. The roots of teeth are embedded in the Mandible bone or the Maxillary bone and are...
    
    
  • Surgical removal of tooth
    Tooth
    Teeth are small, calcified, whitish structures found in the jaws of many vertebrates that are used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or for defensive purposes. The roots of teeth are embedded in the Mandible bone or the Maxillary bone and are...
    
    
  • Restoration of tooth by filling
    Dental restoration
    A dental restoration or dental filling is a dental restorative material used to restore the function, integrity and morphology of missing tooth structure. The structural loss typically results from caries or external trauma. It is also lost intentionally during tooth preparation to improve the...
    
    
  • Restoration of tooth by inlay
  • Other dental restoration
    Dental restoration
    A dental restoration or dental filling is a dental restorative material used to restore the function, integrity and morphology of missing tooth structure. The structural loss typically results from caries or external trauma. It is also lost intentionally during tooth preparation to improve the...
    
    
  • Implantation of tooth
  • Prosthetic dental implant
  • Apicoectomy
    Apicoectomy
    A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy , is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material....
    
     and root canal
    Root canal
    A root canal is the space within the root of a tooth. It is part of a naturally occurring space within a tooth that consists of the pulp chamber , the main canal, and more intricate anatomical branches that may connect the root canals to each other or to the surface of the root.-Root canal anatomy:...
    
     therapy

• Other operations on teeth, gums, and alveoli
  • Incision of gum or alveolar bone
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on teeth, gums, and alveoli
  • Gingivoplasty
    Gingivoplasty
    Gingivoplasty is the process by which the gingiva are reshaped to correct deformities....
    
    
  • Other operation
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
    s on gum
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of dental lesion of jaw
    Jaw
    The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it and is part of the body plan of...
    
    
  • Alveoloplasty
  • Exposure of tooth
  • Application of orthodontic appliance
  • Other orthodontic operation
  • Other dental operations

• Operations on tongue
  Tongue
  The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
  
  
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on tongue
    Tongue
    The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of tongue
    Tongue
    The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
    
    
  • Partial glossectomy
    Glossectomy
    A glossectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the tongue. It is performed in order to curtail malignant growth such as oral cancer. Often only a portion of the tongue needs to be removed, in which case the procedure is called a hemiglossectomy....
    
    
  • Complete glossectomy
    Glossectomy
    A glossectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the tongue. It is performed in order to curtail malignant growth such as oral cancer. Often only a portion of the tongue needs to be removed, in which case the procedure is called a hemiglossectomy....
    
    
  • Radical glossectomy
    Glossectomy
    A glossectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the tongue. It is performed in order to curtail malignant growth such as oral cancer. Often only a portion of the tongue needs to be removed, in which case the procedure is called a hemiglossectomy....
    
    
  • Repair of tongue
    Tongue
    The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
    
     and glossoplasty
  • Other operations on tongue
    Tongue
    The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
    
    
    • Lingual frenotomy
    • Lingual frenectomy
    • Lysis
      Lysis
      Lysis refers to the breaking down of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity. A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate"....
      
       of adhesions of tongue
      Tongue
      The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
      
      
    • Other glossotomy
    • Other

• Operations on salivary glands and duct
  Duct (anatomy)
  In anatomy and physiology, a duct is a circumscribed channel leading from an exocrine gland or organ.-Types of ducts:Examples include:-Duct system:...
  
  s

• Other operations on mouth
  Mouth
  The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
  
   and face
  Face
  The face is a central sense organ complex, for those animals that have one, normally on the ventral surface of the head, and can, depending on the definition in the human case, include the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyelashes, eyes, nose, ears, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, temple, teeth, skin, and...
  
  
  • Drainage
    Drainage
    Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. Many agricultural soils need drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies.-Early history:...
    
     of face
    Face
    The face is a central sense organ complex, for those animals that have one, normally on the ventral surface of the head, and can, depending on the definition in the human case, include the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyelashes, eyes, nose, ears, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, temple, teeth, skin, and...
    
     and floor of mouth
  • Incision of palate
    Palate
    The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but, in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separate. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on oral cavity
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of bony palate
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of other parts of mouth
    Mouth
    The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
    
    
    • Labial frenectomy
      Labial frenectomy
      A labial frenectomy is a form of frenectomy performed on the lip.The labial frenulum often attaches to the center of the upper lip and between the upper two front teeth. This can cause a large gap and gum recession by pulling the gums off the bone. A labial frenectomy removes the labial frenulum...
      
      
    • Wide excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       of lesion
      Lesion
      A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
      
       of lip
      Lip
      Lips are a visible body part at the mouth of humans and many animals. Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech...
      
      
    • Other excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       of lesion
      Lesion
      A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
      
       or tissue of lip
      Lip
      Lips are a visible body part at the mouth of humans and many animals. Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech...
      
      
    • Other excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       of mouth
      Mouth
      The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
      
      
  • Plastic repair of mouth
    Mouth
    The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
    
    
  • Palatoplasty
    Palatoplasty
    Palatoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct or reconstruct the palate in a person with a cleft palate. The basic goals of the procedure are to close the abnormal opening between the nose and mouth, to help the patient develop normal speech, and to aid in swallowing, breathing and normal...
    
    
  • Operations on uvula
    Uvula
    The palatine uvula, usually referred to as simply the uvula , is the conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers .-Function in language:The uvula plays a role in the...
    
    
  • Other operations on mouth
    Mouth
    The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
    
     and face
    Face
    The face is a central sense organ complex, for those animals that have one, normally on the ventral surface of the head, and can, depending on the definition in the human case, include the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyelashes, eyes, nose, ears, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, temple, teeth, skin, and...
    
    

• Operations on tonsils and adenoids
  • Tonsillectomy
    Tonsillectomy
    A tonsillectomy is a 3,000-year-old surgical procedure in which the tonsils are removed from either side of the throat. The procedure is performed in response to cases of repeated occurrence of acute tonsillitis or adenoiditis, obstructive sleep apnea, nasal airway obstruction, snoring, or...
    
     without adenoidectomy
    Adenoidectomy
    Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids. They may be removed for several reasons, including impaired breathing through the nose and chronic infections or earaches. The surgery is less common for adults. It is most often done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia....
    
    
  • Tonsillectomy
    Tonsillectomy
    A tonsillectomy is a 3,000-year-old surgical procedure in which the tonsils are removed from either side of the throat. The procedure is performed in response to cases of repeated occurrence of acute tonsillitis or adenoiditis, obstructive sleep apnea, nasal airway obstruction, snoring, or...
    
     with adenoidectomy
    Adenoidectomy
    Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids. They may be removed for several reasons, including impaired breathing through the nose and chronic infections or earaches. The surgery is less common for adults. It is most often done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia....
    
    
  • Adenoidectomy
    Adenoidectomy
    Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids. They may be removed for several reasons, including impaired breathing through the nose and chronic infections or earaches. The surgery is less common for adults. It is most often done on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia....
    
     without tonsillectomy
    Tonsillectomy
    A tonsillectomy is a 3,000-year-old surgical procedure in which the tonsils are removed from either side of the throat. The procedure is performed in response to cases of repeated occurrence of acute tonsillitis or adenoiditis, obstructive sleep apnea, nasal airway obstruction, snoring, or...
    
    

• Operations on pharynx
  Pharynx
  The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and anterior to the esophagus and larynx. The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx , the oropharynx , and the laryngopharynx...
  
  

(30–34) Operations on the respiratory system

Respiratory system

The respiratory system is the anatomical system of an organism that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles...

 

• Excision of larynx
  Larynx
  The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
  
  
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx
    Larynx
    The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
    
    
  • Hemilaryngectomy
  • Other partial laryngectomy
    Laryngectomy
    Laryngectomy is the removal of the larynx and separation of the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. The laryngectomee breathes through an opening in the neck, a stoma. This procedure is usually performed in cases of laryngeal cancer...
    
    
  • Complete laryngectomy
    Laryngectomy
    Laryngectomy is the removal of the larynx and separation of the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. The laryngectomee breathes through an opening in the neck, a stoma. This procedure is usually performed in cases of laryngeal cancer...
    
    
  • Radical laryngectomy
    Laryngectomy
    Laryngectomy is the removal of the larynx and separation of the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. The laryngectomee breathes through an opening in the neck, a stoma. This procedure is usually performed in cases of laryngeal cancer...
    
    

• Other operations on larynx
  Larynx
  The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
  
   and trachea
  Vertebrate trachea
  In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
  
  
  • Injection of larynx
  • Temporary tracheostomy
  • Permanent tracheostomy
  • Other incision of larynx
    Larynx
    The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
    
     or trachea
    Vertebrate trachea
    In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on larynx
    Larynx
    The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
    
     and trachea
    Vertebrate trachea
    In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
    
    
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of trachea
    Vertebrate trachea
    In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
    
    
  • Repair of larynx
    Larynx
    The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
    
    
  • Repair and plastic operations on trachea
    Vertebrate trachea
    In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
    
    
  • Other operation
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
    s on larynx
    Larynx
    The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
    
     and trachea
    Vertebrate trachea
    In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
    
    

• Excision of lung
  Human lung
  The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
  
   and bronchus
  Bronchus
  A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
  
  
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    
  • Other excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
    
  • Segmental resection
    Segmental resection
    Segmental resection is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland. It may also be used to remove a tumor and normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung.- External links :* entry in the public domain NCI...
    
     of lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
    
  • Lobectomy
    Lobectomy
    Lobectomy means surgical excision of a lobe. This may refer to a lobe of the lung, a lobe of the thyroid , or a lobe of the brain ....
    
     of lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
    
  • Complete pneumonectomy
  • Radical dissection of thoracic structures
  • Other excision of lung

• Other operations on lung
  Human lung
  The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
  
   and bronchus
  Bronchus
  A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
  
  
  • Incision of bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    
  • Incision of lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
     and bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    
    • Bronchoscopy
      Bronchoscopy
      Bronchoscopy is a technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy. This allows the practitioner to examine the patient's airways for...
      
       through artificial stoma
      Stoma
      In botany, a stoma is a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used forgas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the opening...
      
      
    • Fiber-optic bronchoscopy
    • Other bronchoscopy
      Bronchoscopy
      Bronchoscopy is a technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy. This allows the practitioner to examine the patient's airways for...
      
      
    • Closed (endoscopic) biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of bronchus
      Bronchus
      A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
      
      
    • Open biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of bronchus
      Bronchus
      A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
      
      
    • Closed (percutaneous
      Percutaneous
      In surgery, percutaneous pertains to any medical procedure where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin, rather than by using an "open" approach where inner organs or tissue are exposed .The percutaneous approach is commonly used in vascular procedures...
      
      ) (needle) biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of lung
      Human lung
      The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
      
      
    • Closed endoscopic biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of lung
      Human lung
      The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
      
      
    • Open biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of lung
      Human lung
      The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
      
      
    • Other diagnostic procedure
      Medical diagnosis
      Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
      
      s on lung
      Human lung
      The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
      
       and bronchus
      Bronchus
      A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
      
      
  • Surgical collapse of lung
  • Repair and plastic operation on lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
     and bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    
  • Lung transplant
  • Combined heart-lung transplantation
  • Other operations on lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
     and bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    

• Operations on chest wall, pleura, mediastinum
  Mediastinum
  The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity...
  
  , and diaphragm
  • Incision of chest wall and pleura
    • Exploratory thoracotomy
      Thoracotomy
      Thoracotomy is an incision into the pleural space of the chest. It is performed by a surgeon, and, rarely, by emergency physicians, to gain access to the thoracic organs, most commonly the heart, the lungs, the esophagus or thoracic aorta, or for access to the anterior spine such as is necessary...
      
      
  • Incision of mediastinum
    Mediastinum
    The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on chest wall, pleura, mediastinum
    Mediastinum
    The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity...
    
    , and diaphragm
    Thoracic diaphragm
    In the anatomy of mammals, the thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm , is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration...
    
    
    • Transpleural thoracoscopy
      Thoracoscopy
      Thoracoscopy is a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity...
      
      
    • Mediastinoscopy
      Mediastinoscopy
      Mediastinoscopy is a procedure that enables visualization of the contents of the mediastinum, usually for the purpose of obtaining a biopsy. Mediastinoscopy is often used for staging of lymph nodes of lung cancer or for diagnosing other conditions affecting structures in the mediastinum such as...
      
      
    • Biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of chest wall
    • Pleural biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
      
    • Closed (percutaneous) (needle) biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of mediastinum
      Mediastinum
      The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity...
      
      
    • Open mediastinal biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
      
    • Biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of diaphragm
      Thoracic diaphragm
      In the anatomy of mammals, the thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm , is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration...
      
      
    • Other diagnostic procedures
      Medical diagnosis
      Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
      
       on chest wall, pleura, and diaphragm
      Thoracic diaphragm
      In the anatomy of mammals, the thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm , is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration...
      
      
    • Other diagnostic procedures
      Medical diagnosis
      Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
      
       on mediastinum
      Mediastinum
      The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity...
      
      
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of mediastinum
    Mediastinum
    The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of chest wall
  • Pleurectomy
  • Scarification of pleura
  • Repair of chest wall
    • Repair of pectus deformity
      Nuss procedure
      The Nuss procedure is a minimally-invasive procedure, invented by Dr. Donald Nuss for treating pectus excavatum. He developed it at Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, in Norfolk, Virginia...
      
      
  • Operations on diaphragm
    Thoracic diaphragm
    In the anatomy of mammals, the thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm , is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration...
    
    
  • Other operations on thorax
    • Thoracentesis
      Thoracentesis
      Thoracentesis , also known as thoracocentesis or pleural tap, is an invasive procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. A cannula, or hollow needle, is carefully introduced into the thorax, generally after administration of local anesthesia...
      
      
    • Injection into thoracic cavity
      Thoracic cavity
      The thoracic cavity is the chamber of the human body that is protected by the thoracic wall ....
      
      
      • Chemical pleurodesis
        Pleurodesis
        Pleurodesis is a medical procedure in which the pleural space is artificially obliterated. It involves the adhesion of the two pleura.- Uses :Pleurodesis is done to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax or recurrent pleural effusion...
        
        

Heart

• Operations on valve
  Valve
  A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically pipe fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category...
  
  s and septa
  Septum
  In anatomy, a septum is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.-In human anatomy:...
  
   of heart
  Human heart
  The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
  
  
  • Closed heart valvotomy
  • Open heart valvuloplasty without replacement
  • Replacement of heart valve
    Heart valve
    A heart valve normally allows blood flow in only one direction through the heart. The four valves commonly represented in a mammalian heart determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart...
    
    
  • Operations on structures adjacent to heart valve
    Heart valve
    A heart valve normally allows blood flow in only one direction through the heart. The four valves commonly represented in a mammalian heart determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart...
    
    s
  • Production of septal defect in heart
  • Repair of atrial and ventricular septa with prosthesis
    Prosthesis
    In medicine, a prosthesis, prosthetic, or prosthetic limb is an artificial device extension that replaces a missing body part. It is part of the field of biomechatronics, the science of using mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control...
    
    
  • Repair of atrial and ventricular septa with tissue graft
  • Other and unspecified repair of atrial and ventricular septa
  • Total repair of certain congenital cardiac anomalies
  • Other operations on valves and septa of heart
    • Creation of conduit between atrium and pulmonary artery
      Pulmonary artery
      The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood....
      
      
      • Fontan procedure
        Fontan procedure
        The Fontan procedure, or Fontan/Kreutzer procedure, is a palliative surgical procedure used in children with complex congenital heart defects. It involves diverting the venous blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary arteries without passing through the morphologic pulmonary ventricle...
        
        

• Operations on vessel
  Blood vessel
  The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
  
  s of heart
  Human heart
  The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
  
  
  • Removal of coronary artery obstruction and insertion of stent
    Stent
    In the technical vocabulary of medicine, a stent is an artificial 'tube' inserted into a natural passage/conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract, a disease-induced, localized flow constriction. The term may also refer to a tube used to temporarily hold such a natural conduit open to allow...
    
    (s)
  • Bypass
    Bypass surgery
    Bypass surgery refers to a class of surgeries involving rerouting a tubular body part.Types include:*Cardiopulmonary bypass*Partial ileal bypass surgery*Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery*Vascular bypass, e.g. Coronary artery bypass surgery...
    
     anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     for heart revascularization
  • Heart revascularization by arterial implant
  • Other heart revascularization
  • Other operations on vessels of heart

• Other operations on heart
  Human heart
  The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
  
   and pericardium
  Pericardium
  The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.-Layers:...
  
  
  • Pericardiocentesis
    Pericardiocentesis
    In medicine, pericardiocentesis is a procedure where fluid is aspirated from the pericardium .-Position:The patient undergoing pericardiocentesis is positioned supine with the head of the bed raised to a 30- to 60-degree angle.This places the heart in proximity to the chest wall for easier...
    
    
  • Cardiotomy
    Cardiotomy
    A cardiotomy is a procedure where an incision is made in the heart.It can be used for suction during heart surgery....
    
     and pericardiotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on heart
    Human heart
    The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
    
     and pericardium
    Pericardium
    The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.-Layers:...
    
    
  • Pericardiectomy
    Pericardiectomy
    Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. This operation is most commonly done to relieve constrictive pericarditis, or to remove a pericardium that is calcified and fibrous...
    
     and excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of heart
    Human heart
    The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
    
    
    • Pericardiectomy
      Pericardiectomy
      Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. This operation is most commonly done to relieve constrictive pericarditis, or to remove a pericardium that is calcified and fibrous...
      
      
    • Excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       of aneurysm of heart
      Aneurysm of heart
      An aneurysm of heart is a condition that can occur after a myocardial infarction due to the inadequate resistance of the new scar tissue to the systolic pressure....
      
      
    • Excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       or destruction of other lesion or tissue of heart
      Human heart
      The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
      
      , open approach
      • Maze procedure
    • Excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       or destruction of other lesion or tissue of heart
      Human heart
      The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
      
      , other approach
    • Partial ventriculectomy
      • Ventricular reduction surgery
  • Repair of heart and pericardium
    Pericardium
    The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.-Layers:...
    
    
  • Heart replacement procedures
    • Heart transplantation
      Heart transplantation
      A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplantation, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. As of 2007 the most common procedure was to take a working heart from a recently deceased organ donor and implant it into the...
      
      
    • Implantation
      Implant (medicine)
      An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Medical implants are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue...
      
       of total replacement heart system
      • Artificial heart
        Artificial heart
        An artificial heart is a mechanical device that replaces the heart. Artificial hearts are typically used in order to bridge the time to heart transplantation, or to permanently replace the heart in case transplantation is impossible...
        
        
  • Implantation
    Implant (medicine)
    An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Medical implants are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue...
    
     of heart and circulatory assist system
  • Insertion, revision, replacement, and removal of pacemaker
    Pacemaker
    An artificial pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses to regulate the beating of the heart.Pacemaker may also refer to:-Medicine:...
    
     leads; insertion of temporary pacemaker
    Pacemaker
    An artificial pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses to regulate the beating of the heart.Pacemaker may also refer to:-Medicine:...
    
     system; or revision of cardiac device pocket
  • Insertion, replacement, removal, and revision of pacemaker device
  • Other operations on heart
    Human heart
    The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cardiac cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body...
    
     and pericardium
    Pericardium
    The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.-Layers:...
    
    

Vessels

• Incision, excision
  Surgery
  Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
  
  , and occlusion
  Vascular occlusion
  Vascular occlusion is a sudden blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot. It differs from thrombosis in that it can be used to describe any form of blockage, not just one formed by a clot. When it occurs in a major vein, it can, in some cases, cause deep vein thrombosis. The condition is...
  
   of vessels
  • Incision of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
    • Thrombectomy
  • Endarterectomy
    Endarterectomy
    Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of soft/hardening deposits. It is carried out by separating the plaque from the arterial wall....
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on blood vessels
  • Resection
    Segmental resection
    Segmental resection is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland. It may also be used to remove a tumor and normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung.- External links :* entry in the public domain NCI...
    
     of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
     with anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
    
  • Resection
    Segmental resection
    Segmental resection is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland. It may also be used to remove a tumor and normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung.- External links :* entry in the public domain NCI...
    
     of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
     with replacement
  • Ligation
    Ligature (medicine)
    In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of thread tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel or another hollow structure to shut it off. With a blood vessel the surgeon will clamp the vessel perpendicular to the axis of the artery or vein with a hemostat,...
    
     and stripping of varicose veins
    Varicose veins
    Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and tortuous. The term commonly refers to the veins on the leg, although varicose veins can occur elsewhere. Veins have leaflet valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards . Leg muscles pump the veins to return blood to the heart, against the...
    
    
  • Other excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
  • Interruption of the vena cava
  • Other surgical occlusion of vessels
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
  • Puncture of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
    • Arterial catheterization
    • Umbilical vein catheterization
    • Venous catheterization, not elsewhere classified
    • Venous cutdown
      Venous cutdown
      Venous cutdown is an emergency procedure in which the vein is exposed surgically and then a cannula is inserted into the vein under direct vision. It is used to get vascular access in trauma and hypovolemic shock patients when peripheral cannulation is difficult or impossible. The saphenous vein is...
      
      
    • Venous catheterization for renal dialysis
    • Other puncture of artery
      Artery
      Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. This blood is normally oxygenated, exceptions made for the pulmonary and umbilical arteries....
      
      
    • Other puncture of vein
      Vein
      In the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart...
      
      

• Other operations on vessels
  Blood vessel
  The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
  
  
  • Systemic to pulmonary artery shunt
  • Intra-abdominal venous shunt
    • transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
      Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
      A Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt is an artificial channel within the liver that establishes communication between the inflow portal vein and the outflow hepatic vein...
      
       (TIPS)
  • Other shunt
    Shunt (medical)
    In medicine, a shunt is a hole or a small passage which moves, or allows movement of fluid from one part of the body to another. The term may describe either congenital or acquired shunts; and acquired shunts may be either biological or mechanical.* Cardiac shunts may be described as...
    
     or vascular bypass
  • Suture of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
  • Revision of vascular procedure
  • Other repair of vessels
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
  • Extracorporeal circulation and procedures auxiliary to heart surgery
    • Extracorporeal circulation auxiliary to open heart surgery
      Open Heart Surgery
      Open Heart Surgery was released on August 8, 2000 by rock band Virginwool. The band signed to Breaking/Atlantic Records after initially beginning signed to Universal Records. The album was produced and mixed by Brad Wood....
      
      
      • Cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Hypothermia
      Hypothermia
      Hypothermia is a condition in which core temperature drops below the required temperature for normal metabolism and body functions which is defined as . Body temperature is usually maintained near a constant level of through biologic homeostasis or thermoregulation...
      
       (systemic) incidental to open heart surgery
      Open Heart Surgery
      Open Heart Surgery was released on August 8, 2000 by rock band Virginwool. The band signed to Breaking/Atlantic Records after initially beginning signed to Universal Records. The album was produced and mixed by Brad Wood....
      
      
    • Cardioplegia
      Cardioplegia
      Cardioplegia is intentional and temporary cessation of cardiac activity, primarily for cardiac surgery.- Overview :The word cardioplegia means cardio-the heart and plegia- paralysis. Technically this means arresting or stopping the heart so that surgical procedures can be done in a still and...
      
      
    • Intraoperative cardiac pacemaker
    • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
      Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
      In intensive care medicine, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an extracorporeal technique of providing both cardiac and respiratory support oxygen to patients whose heart and lungs are so severely diseased or damaged that they can no longer serve their function...
      
       (ECMO)
    • Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass
  • Endovascular repair of vessel
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
  • Operations on carotid body
    Carotid body
    The carotid body is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork of the carotid artery ....
    
     and other vascular bodies
  • Other operations on vessels
    Blood vessel
    The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
    
    
    • Insertion of non-drug-eluting peripheral vessel stent(s)
    • Freeing of vessel
      Blood vessel
      The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
      
      
    • Injection of sclerosing agent into vein
      Vein
      In the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart...
      
      
    • Insertion of vessel-to-vessel cannula
      Cannula
      A cannula or canula is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of data...
      
      
    • Replacement of vessel-to-vessel cannula
      Cannula
      A cannula or canula is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of data...
      
      
    • Hemodialysis
      Hemodialysis
      In medicine, hemodialysis is a method for removing waste products such as creatinine and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies .Hemodialysis can be an outpatient or inpatient therapy...
      
      
      • Artificial kidney
        Artificial kidney
        Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also, more generally, refer to renal replacement therapies that are in use and/or in development...
        
        
      • Hemodiafiltration
      • Hemofiltration
        Hemofiltration
        In medicine, hemofiltration, also haemofiltration, is a renal replacement therapy similar to hemodialysis which is used almost exclusively in the intensive care setting...
        
        
      • Renal dialysis
    • Total body perfusion
    • Other perfusionge, not otherwise specified
    • Control of hemorrhage, not otherwise specified
    • Other operations on vessels
      Blood vessel
      The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and...
      
      

(40–41) Operations on the hemic and lymphatic system

Lymphatic system

The lymphoid system is the part of the immune system comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally toward the heart. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated...

 

• Operations on lymphatic system
  Lymphatic system
  The lymphoid system is the part of the immune system comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally toward the heart. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated...
  
  
  • Incision of lymphatic structures
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on lymphatic structures
  • Simple excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of lymphatic structure
    • Excision of deep cervical lymph node
    • Excision of internal mammary lymph node
    • Excision of axillary lymph node
    • Excision of inguinal lymph node
      Inguinal lymph node
      Inguinal lymph node is a type of lymph node in the inguinal region. It can refer to:* Superficial inguinal lymph nodes* Deep inguinal lymph nodes...
      
      
    • Simple excision of other lymphatic structure
      • Simple lymphadenectomy
        Lymphadenectomy
        Lymphadenectomy consists of the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes. It is almost always performed as part of the surgical management of cancer....
        
        
  • Regional lymph node
    Lymph node
    A lymph node is a small ball or an oval-shaped organ of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach/gut and linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as...
    
     excision
  • Radical excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of cervical lymph nodes
    Cervical lymph nodes
    Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck.-Classification:There are approximately 300 lymph nodes in the neck, and they can be classified in many different ways.Henri Rouvière produced an influential classification in 1938...
    
    
    • Radical neck dissection
      Neck dissection
      The neck dissection is a surgical procedure for control of neck lymph node metastasis from Squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated...
      
      , not otherwise specified
    • Radical neck dissection
      Neck dissection
      The neck dissection is a surgical procedure for control of neck lymph node metastasis from Squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated...
      
      , unilateral
    • Radical neck dissection
      Neck dissection
      The neck dissection is a surgical procedure for control of neck lymph node metastasis from Squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated...
      
      , bilateral
  • Radical excision of other lymph nodes
  • Operations on thoracic duct
    Thoracic duct
    In human anatomy, the thoracic duct of the lymphatic system is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. It is also known as the left lymphatic duct, alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, and Van Hoorne's canal....
    
    
  • Other operations on lymphatic structures

• Operations on bone marrow
  Bone marrow
  Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. In humans, bone marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in adults weighing 65 kg , bone marrow accounts for approximately 2.6 kg...
  
   and spleen
  Spleen
  The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
  
  
  • Bone marrow
    Bone marrow
    Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. In humans, bone marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in adults weighing 65 kg , bone marrow accounts for approximately 2.6 kg...
    
     or hematopoietic stem cell transplant
  • Puncture of spleen
    Spleen
    The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
    
    
  • Splenotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on bone marrow
    Bone marrow
    Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. In humans, bone marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in adults weighing 65 kg , bone marrow accounts for approximately 2.6 kg...
    
     and spleen
    Spleen
    The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of spleen
    Spleen
    The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
    
    
    • Marsupialization
      Marsupialization
      Marsupialization is the surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing the edges of the slit to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst. Sutured in this fashion, the cyst remains open and can drain freely...
      
       of splenic cyst
    • Excision
      Surgery
      Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
      
       of lesion
      Lesion
      A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
      
       or tissue of spleen
      Spleen
      The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
      
      
    • Partial splenectomy
      Splenectomy
      A splenectomy is a surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen.-Indications:The spleen, similar in structure to a large lymph node, acts as a blood filter. Current knowledge of its purpose includes the removal of old red blood cells and platelets, and the detection and fight...
      
      
  • Total splenectomy
    Splenectomy
    A splenectomy is a surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen.-Indications:The spleen, similar in structure to a large lymph node, acts as a blood filter. Current knowledge of its purpose includes the removal of old red blood cells and platelets, and the detection and fight...
    
    
  • Other operations on spleen
    Spleen
    The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
    
     and bone marrow
    Bone marrow
    Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. In humans, bone marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in adults weighing 65 kg , bone marrow accounts for approximately 2.6 kg...
    
    

(42–54) Operations on the digestive system 

• Operations on esophagus
  Esophagus
  The esophagus is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus and travels via peristalsis to the stomach...
  
  
  • Excision of esophagus
    Esophagus
    The esophagus is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus and travels via peristalsis to the stomach...
    
    
    • Esophagectomy
      Esophagectomy
      Esophagectomy or Oesophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus .-Purpose:...
      
      , not otherwise specified

• Incision and excision of stomach
  Stomach
  The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects , and molluscs. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication .The stomach is...
  
  
  • Gastrotomy
  • Gastrostomy
    Gastrostomy
    Gastrostomy refers to a surgical opening into the stomach. Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression....
    
    
    • Percutaneous (endoscopic) gastrostomy
      Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
      Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an endoscopic medical procedure in which a tube is passed into a patient's stomach through the abdominal wall, most commonly to provide a means of feeding when oral intake is not adequate. The procedure is an alternative to surgical gastrostomy insertion, and...
      
       (PEG)
  • Pyloromyotomy
    Pyloromyotomy
    Pyloromyotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus. It is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. It is also known as Ramstedt's Operation, after Conrad Ramstedt who first performed the procedure in 1911....
    
    
  • Local excision or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of stomach
  • Partial gastrectomy
    Gastrectomy
    A gastrectomy is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.-Indications:Gastrectomies are performed to treat cancer and perforations of the stomach wall....
    
     with anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     to esophagus
    Esophagus
    The esophagus is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus and travels via peristalsis to the stomach...
    
    
  • Partial gastrectomy
    Gastrectomy
    A gastrectomy is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.-Indications:Gastrectomies are performed to treat cancer and perforations of the stomach wall....
    
     with anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     to duodenum
    Duodenum
    The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum...
    
    
  • Partial gastrectomy
    Gastrectomy
    A gastrectomy is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.-Indications:Gastrectomies are performed to treat cancer and perforations of the stomach wall....
    
     with anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     to jejunum
    Jejunum
    The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum.The jejunum lies between the duodenum...
    
    
  • Other partial gastrectomy
    Gastrectomy
    A gastrectomy is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.-Indications:Gastrectomies are performed to treat cancer and perforations of the stomach wall....
    
    
  • Total gastrectomy
    Gastrectomy
    A gastrectomy is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.-Indications:Gastrectomies are performed to treat cancer and perforations of the stomach wall....
    
    

• Other operations on stomach
  Stomach
  The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects , and molluscs. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication .The stomach is...
  
  
  • Vagotomy
    Vagotomy
    A vagotomy is a surgical procedure that involves resection of the vagus nerve.-Applications:Truncal vagotomy is a treatment option for chronic duodenal ulcers...
    
    
  • Gastroenterostomy
    Gastroenterostomy
    A gastroenterostomy is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial gastrectomy...
    
     without gastrectomy
    Gastrectomy
    A gastrectomy is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.-Indications:Gastrectomies are performed to treat cancer and perforations of the stomach wall....
    
    
    • High gastric bypass
    • Percutaneous (endoscopic) gastrojejunostomy
    • Laparoscopic gastroenterostomy
      Gastroenterostomy
      A gastroenterostomy is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial gastrectomy...
      
      
    • Other gastroenterostomy
      Gastroenterostomy
      A gastroenterostomy is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial gastrectomy...
      
      

• Incision, excision, and anastomosis
  Anastomosis
  An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
  
   of intestine
  Intestine
  In human anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine...
  
  
  • Diagnostic procedures on small intestine
    Small intestine
    The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
    
    
    • Transabdominal endoscopy of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
    • Endoscopy
      Endoscopy
      Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope , an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ...
      
       of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
       through artificial stoma
    • Other endoscopy
      Endoscopy
      Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope , an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ...
      
       of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
      • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
        Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
        For other expansions of the initialism "OGD", see the disambiguation page.In medicine , esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum...
        
         (EGD)
    • Closed (endoscopic) biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
    • Open biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
    • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
      Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
      For other expansions of the initialism "OGD", see the disambiguation page.In medicine , esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum...
      
       (EGD) with closed biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
      
    • Other diagnostic procedures on small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
  • Diagnostic procedures on large intestine
    Large intestine
    The large intestine is the third-to-last part of the digestive system — — in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body...
    
    
    • Colonoscopy
      Colonoscopy
      Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected...
      
      
  • Partial excision of large intestine
    Large intestine
    The large intestine is the third-to-last part of the digestive system — — in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body...
    
    
    • Right hemicolectomy
  • Total intra-abdominal colectomy
    Colectomy
    Colectomy consists of the surgical resection of any extent of the large intestine .-History:Sir William Arbuthnot-Lane was one of the early proponents of the usefulness of total colectomies, although his overuse of the procedure called the wisdom of the surgery into question.-Indications:Some of...
    
    

• Other operations on intestine
  Intestine
  In human anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine...
  
  
  • Colostomy
    Colostomy
    A colostomy is a surgical procedure in which a stoma is formed by drawing the healthy end of the large intestine or colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place. This opening, in conjunction with the attached stoma appliance, provides an alternative channel...
    
    
  • Ileostomy
    Ileostomy
    An ileostomy is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine out onto the surface of the skin. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an external pouching system stuck to the skin...
    
    
  • Other enterostomy
  • Revision of intestinal stoma
  • Closure of intestinal stoma
  • Fixation of intestine
    Intestine
    In human anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine...
    
    
  • Other repair of intestine
    Intestine
    In human anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine...
    
    
  • Dilation and manipulation of intestine
    Intestine
    In human anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine...
    
    
  • Other operations on intestines
    • Myotomy
      Myotomy
      Myotomy describes a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut.A common example of a myotomy is the Heller myotomy....
      
       of sigmoid colon
      Sigmoid colon
      The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm...
      
      
    • Myotomy
      Myotomy
      Myotomy describes a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut.A common example of a myotomy is the Heller myotomy....
      
       of other parts of colon
    • Revision of anastomosis
      Anastomosis
      An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
      
       of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
      • jejunoileal bypass
        Jejunoileal bypass
        Jejunoileal Bypass was a surgical weight loss procedure performed from the 1950s through the 1970s in which all but 30 cm to 45 cm of the small bowel were detached and set to the side....
        
        
    • Revision of anastomosis
      Anastomosis
      An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
      
       of large intestine
      Large intestine
      The large intestine is the third-to-last part of the digestive system — — in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body...
      
      
    • Local perfusion
      Perfusion
      In physiology, perfusion is the process of nutritive delivery of arterial blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue. The word is derived from the French verb "perfuser" meaning to "pour over or through."...
      
       of small intestine
      Small intestine
      The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
      
      
    • Local perfusion
      Perfusion
      In physiology, perfusion is the process of nutritive delivery of arterial blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue. The word is derived from the French verb "perfuser" meaning to "pour over or through."...
      
       of large intestine
      Large intestine
      The large intestine is the third-to-last part of the digestive system — — in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body...
      
      
    • Transplant
      Organ transplant
      Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site on the patient's own body, for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or absent organ. The emerging field of regenerative medicine is allowing scientists and engineers to create organs to be...
      
       of intestine
      Intestine
      In human anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine...
      
      
    • Other

• Operations on appendix
  Vermiform appendix
  The appendix is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum , from which it develops embryologically. The cecum is a pouchlike structure of the colon...
  
  
  • Appendectomy

• Operations on rectum
  Rectum
  The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
  
  , rectosigmoid and perirectal tissue
  • Diagnostic procedures on rectum
    Rectum
    The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
    
    , rectosigmoid and perirectal tissue
    • Transabdominal proctosigmoidoscopy
    • Proctosigmoidoscopy through artificial stoma
    • Rigid proctosigmoidoscopy
    • Closed (endoscopic) biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of rectum
      Rectum
      The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
      
      
    • Open biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of rectum
      Rectum
      The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
      
      
    • Biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
       of perirectal tissue
    • Other diagnostic procedures on rectum
      Rectum
      The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
      
      , rectosigmoid and perirectal tissue

• Operations on anus
  Anus
  The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
  
  
  • Incision or excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of perianal tissue
  • Incision or excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of anal fistula
    Anal fistula
    Anal fistula, or fistula-in-ano, is an abnormal connection between the epithelialised surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin....
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on anus
    Anus
    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
    
     and perianal tissue
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of other lesion or tissue of anus
    Anus
    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
    
    
  • Procedures on hemorrhoids
    • Excision of hemorrhoids
      • Hemorrhoidectomy NOS
  • Division of anal sphincter
    • Left lateral anal sphincterotomy
    • Posterior anal sphincterotomy
    • Other anal sphincterotomy
      Anal sphincterotomy
      Anal sphincterotomy is a surgical procedure that involves treating mucosal fissures from the anal canal/sphincter. The word is formed from sphincter + otomy .-Procedure:# The surgery can be performed under any kind of anesthesia....
      
      
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of anus
    Anus
    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
    
    
  • Repair of anus
    Anus
    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
    
    
  • Other operations on anus
    Anus
    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
    
    

• Operations on liver
  Liver
  The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
  
  
  • Hepatotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on liver
    Liver
    The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
    
    
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of liver
    Liver
    The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
    
     tissue or lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
    
    • Marsupialization
      Marsupialization
      Marsupialization is the surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing the edges of the slit to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst. Sutured in this fashion, the cyst remains open and can drain freely...
      
       of lesion of liver
    • Partial hepatectomy
      Hepatectomy
      Hepatectomy consists on the surgical resection of the liver. While the term is often employed for the removal of the liver from a liver transplant recipient, this article will focus on partial resections of hepatic tissue.-History:...
      
      
    • Other destruction of lesion of liver
  • Lobectomy
    Lobectomy
    Lobectomy means surgical excision of a lobe. This may refer to a lobe of the lung, a lobe of the thyroid , or a lobe of the brain ....
    
     of liver
    Liver
    The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
    
    
  • Total hepatectomy
  • Liver transplant
  • Repair of liver
  • Other operations on liver
    Liver
    The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
    
    

• Operations on gallbladder
  Gallbladder
  In vertebrates the gallbladder is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver. In humans the loss of the gallbladder is usually easily tolerated....
  
   and biliary tract
  • Cholecystotomy and cholecystostomy
    Cholecystostomy
    A cholecystostomy is a procedure where a stoma is created in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube for drainage....
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on biliary tract
    • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
      Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
      Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems...
      
       (ERCP)
  • Cholecystectomy
    Cholecystectomy
    Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is the most common method for treating symptomatic gallstones. Surgical options include the standard procedure, called laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and an older more invasive procedure, called open cholecystectomy.-Open surgery:A...
    
    
  • Anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     of gallbladder
    Gallbladder
    In vertebrates the gallbladder is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver. In humans the loss of the gallbladder is usually easily tolerated....
    
     or bile duct
    Bile duct
    A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile.Bile, required for the digestion of food, is excreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct, which opens into the intestine.The...
    
    
  • Incision of bile duct
    Bile duct
    A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile.Bile, required for the digestion of food, is excreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct, which opens into the intestine.The...
    
     for relief of obstruction
  • Other incision of bile duct
    Bile duct
    A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile.Bile, required for the digestion of food, is excreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct, which opens into the intestine.The...
    
    
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion or tissue of biliary ducts and sphincter of Oddi
    Sphincter of Oddi
    The sphincter of ampulla or sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. It is named after Ruggero Oddi...
    
    
  • Repair of bile ducts
  • Other operations on biliary ducts and sphincter of Oddi
    Sphincter of Oddi
    The sphincter of ampulla or sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. It is named after Ruggero Oddi...
    
    
  • Other operations on biliary tract

• Operations on pancreas
  Pancreas
  The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
  
  
  • Pancreatotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on pancreas
    Pancreas
    The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
    
    
  • Local excision or destruction of pancreas
    Pancreas
    The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
    
     and pancreatic duct
    Pancreatic duct
    The pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung , is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the "exocrine pancreas"...
    
    
  • Marsupialization
    Marsupialization
    Marsupialization is the surgical technique of cutting a slit into a cyst and suturing the edges of the slit to form a continuous surface from the exterior to the interior of the cyst. Sutured in this fashion, the cyst remains open and can drain freely...
    
     of pancreatic cyst
  • Internal drainage of pancreatic cyst
  • Partial pancreatectomy
  • Total pancreatectomy
  • Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy
  • Transplant of pancreas
  • Other operations on pancreas
    Pancreas
    The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
    
    
    • Anastomosis
      Anastomosis
      An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
      
       of pancreas
      Pancreas
      The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
      
      

• Repair of hernia
  Hernia
  A hernia is the protrusion of an organ or the fascia of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it. A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm....
  
  
  • hernia repair

• Other operations on abdominal region
  • Laparotomy
    Laparotomy
    A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. It is also known as coeliotomy.- Terminology :...
    
    
  • Other operations of abdominal region
    • Percutaneous abdominal drainage
      • Paracentesis
        Paracentesis
        Paracentesis is a medical procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from a body cavity, most commonly the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen.A related procedure is thoracocentesis, which is needle drainage of the chest cavity...
        
        

(55–59) Operations on the urinary system

Urinary system

The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra.-Kidney:...

 

• Operations on kidney
  Kidney
  The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
  
  
  • Nephrotomy
    Nephrotomy
    Nephrotomy describes a surgical procedure in which the kidney is cut....
    
     and nephrostomy
    Nephrostomy
    A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system ....
    
    
    • Nephrostomy
      Nephrostomy
      A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system ....
      
      
  • Pyelotomy and pyelostomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    
  • Local excision or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    
  • Partial nephrectomy
  • Complete nephrectomy
  • Transplant of kidney
  • Nephropexy
    Nephropexy
    Nephropexy is the surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney .It was first performed by Eugen Hahn on 10 April 1881....
    
    
  • Other repair of kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    
  • Other operations on kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    

• Operations on ureter
  Ureter
  In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
  
  
  • Transurethral removal of obstruction from ureter
    Ureter
    In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
    
     and renal pelvis
    Renal pelvis
    The renal pelvis or pyelum is the funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney.In humans, the renal pelvis is the point of convergence of two or three major calyces...
    
    
  • Ureteral meatotomy
  • Ureterotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on ureter
    Ureter
    In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
    
    
    • Ureteroscopy
      Ureteroscopy
      Ureteroscopy is an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with an endoscope that is passed through the urethra, bladder, and then directly into the ureter...
      
      
  • Ureterectomy
  • Cutaneous uretero-ileostomy
  • Other external urinary diversion
    • Formation of other cutaneous ureterostomy
      Ureterostomy
      A ureterostomy is the creation of a stoma for a ureter or kidney.The procedure is performed to divert the flow of urine away from the bladder when the bladder is not functioning or has been removed.Indications may include:...
      
      
      • Ureterostomy
        Ureterostomy
        A ureterostomy is the creation of a stoma for a ureter or kidney.The procedure is performed to divert the flow of urine away from the bladder when the bladder is not functioning or has been removed.Indications may include:...
        
         NOS
  • Other anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     or bypass of ureter
    Ureter
    In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
    
    
    • Urinary diversion
      Urinary diversion
      Urinary diversion is any one of several surgical procedures to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway. It may be necessary for diseased or defective ureters, bladder or urethra, either temporarily or permanently...
      
       to intestine
      • Internal urinary diversion
        Urinary diversion
        Urinary diversion is any one of several surgical procedures to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway. It may be necessary for diseased or defective ureters, bladder or urethra, either temporarily or permanently...
        
         NOS
  • Repair of ureter
    Ureter
    In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
    
    
  • Other operations on ureter
    Ureter
    In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
    
    

• Operations on urinary bladder
  Urinary bladder
  The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. A hollow muscular, and distensible organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor...
  
  
  • Transurethral clearance of bladder
    Bladder
    Bladder usually refers to an anatomical hollow organBladder may also refer to:-Biology:* Urinary bladder in humans** Urinary bladder ** Bladder control; see Urinary incontinence** Artificial urinary bladder, in humans...
    
    
  • Cystotomy and cystostomy
  • Vesicostomy
  • Diagnostic procedures on bladder
  • Transurethral excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of bladder tissue
  • Other excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of bladder tissue
  • Partial cystectomy
  • Total cystectomy
  • Other repair of urinary bladder
    Urinary bladder
    The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. A hollow muscular, and distensible organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor...
    
    
  • Other operations on bladder

• Operations on urethra
  Urethra
  In anatomy, the urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids out of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine...
  
  
  • Suture of laceration of kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    
  • Closure of nephrostomy
    Nephrostomy
    A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system ....
    
     and pyelostomy
  • Closure of other fistula
    Fistula
    In medicine, a fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between two epithelium-lined organs or vessels that normally do not connect. It is generally a disease condition, but a fistula may be surgically created for therapeutic reasons.-Locations:Fistulas can develop in various parts of the...
    
     of kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    
  • Reduction of torsion of renal pedicle
  • Symphysiotomy
    Symphysiotomy
    Symphysiotomy is a surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided to widen the pelvis allowing childbirth when there is a mechanical problem.- Introduction :...
    
     for horseshoe kidney
    Horseshoe kidney
    Horseshoe kidney, also known as renal fusion or super kidney, is a congenital disorder affecting about 1 in 400 people. In this disorder, the patient's kidneys fuse together to form a horseshoe-shape during development in the womb...
    
    
  • Anastomosis
    Anastomosis
    An anastomosis is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology and geology....
    
     of kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    
  • Correction of ureteropelvic junction
  • Other

• Other operations on urinary tract

(60–64) Operations on the male genital organs 

• Operations on prostate
  Prostate
  The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
  
   and seminal vesicles
  • Incision of prostate
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on prostate
    Prostate
    The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
    
     and seminal vesicles
  • Transurethral prostatectomy
    • Transurethral (ultrasound) guided laser induced prostatectomy (TULIP)
    • Other transurethral prostatectomy
      • Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
  • Suprapubic prostatectomy
  • Retropubic prostatectomy
  • Radical prostatectomy
  • Other prostatectomy
    Prostatectomy
    A prostatectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. Abnormalities of the prostate, such as a tumour, or if the gland itself becomes enlarged for any reason, can restrict the normal flow of urine along the urethra....
    
    
  • Operations on seminal vesicles
  • Incision or excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of periprostatic tissue
  • Other operations on prostate
    Prostate
    The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
    
    

• Operations on scrotum
  Scrotum
  In some male mammals the scrotum is a dual-chambered protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles and divided by a septum. It is an extension of the perineum, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with curly...
  
   and tunica vaginalis
  Tunica vaginalis
  The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testis.It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the processus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum....
  
  

• Operations on testes

• Operations on spermatic cord
  Spermatic cord
  The spermatic cord is the name given to the cord-like structure in males formed by the ductus deferens and surrounding tissue that run from the abdomen down to each testicle.-Contents of spermatic cord:...
  
  , epididymis
  Epididymis
  The epididymis is part of the male reproductive system and is present in all male amniotes. It is a narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous...
  
  , and vas deferens
  Vas deferens
  The vas deferens , also called ductus deferens, , is part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation....
  
  
  • Vasectomy
    Vasectomy
    Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization and/or permanent birth control. During the procedure, the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, and then tied/sealed in a manner such to prevent sperm from entering into the seminal stream...
    
     and ligation
    Ligature (medicine)
    In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of thread tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel or another hollow structure to shut it off. With a blood vessel the surgeon will clamp the vessel perpendicular to the axis of the artery or vein with a hemostat,...
    
     of vas deferens
    Vas deferens
    The vas deferens , also called ductus deferens, , is part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation....
    
    
    • Vasectomy
      Vasectomy
      Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization and/or permanent birth control. During the procedure, the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, and then tied/sealed in a manner such to prevent sperm from entering into the seminal stream...
      
      
  • Repair of vas deferens
    Vas deferens
    The vas deferens , also called ductus deferens, , is part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation....
    
     and epididymis
    Epididymis
    The epididymis is part of the male reproductive system and is present in all male amniotes. It is a narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous...
    
    
    • Reconstruction of surgically divided vas deferens
      Vas deferens
      The vas deferens , also called ductus deferens, , is part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation....
      
      

• Operations on penis
  Penis
  The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
  
  
  • Circumcision
    Circumcision
    Male circumcision is the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin from the penis. The word "circumcision" comes from Latin and ....
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on the penis
    Penis
    The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
    
    
  • Local excision or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of penis
    Penis
    The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
    
    
  • Amputation of penis
  • Repair and plastic operation on penis
    Penis
    The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
    
    
  • Operations for sex transformation, not elsewhere classified
  • Other operations on male genital organs
    • Dorsal or lateral slit of prepuce
      Foreskin
      In male human anatomy, the foreskin is a generally retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect...
      
      
    • Incision of penis
      Penis
      The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
      
      
    • Division of penile adhesions
    • Fitting of external prosthesis of penis
      • Penile prosthesis
        Penile prosthesis
        A penile prosthesis is a medical device implanted in the penis requiring a surgical procedure. The device is often used for men with organic or treatment-resistant psychogenic impotence who suffer from erectile dysfunction...
        
         NOS
    • Insertion or replacement of non-inflatable penile prosthesis
      Penile prosthesis
      A penile prosthesis is a medical device implanted in the penis requiring a surgical procedure. The device is often used for men with organic or treatment-resistant psychogenic impotence who suffer from erectile dysfunction...
      
      
    • Removal of internal prosthesis of penis
    • Insertion or replacement of inflatable penile prosthesis
      Penile prosthesis
      A penile prosthesis is a medical device implanted in the penis requiring a surgical procedure. The device is often used for men with organic or treatment-resistant psychogenic impotence who suffer from erectile dysfunction...
      
      
    • Other operations on penis
      Penis
      The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
      
      
    • Other

(65–71) Operations on the female genital organs 

• Operations on ovary
  Ovary
  The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in anatomically female individuals are analogous to testes in anatomically male individuals, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.-Human anatomy:Ovaries...
  
  
  • Oophorotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on ovaries
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of ovarian lesion or tissue
  • Unilateral oophorectomy
    Oophorectomy
    Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. The surgery is also called ovariectomy, but this term has been traditionally used in basic science research describing the surgical removal of ovaries in laboratory animals...
    
    
  • Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
  • Bilateral oophorectomy
    Oophorectomy
    Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. The surgery is also called ovariectomy, but this term has been traditionally used in basic science research describing the surgical removal of ovaries in laboratory animals...
    
    
  • Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
  • Repair of ovary
    Ovary
    The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in anatomically female individuals are analogous to testes in anatomically male individuals, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.-Human anatomy:Ovaries...
    
    
  • Lysis
    Lysis
    Lysis refers to the breaking down of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity. A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate"....
    
     of adhesions of ovary
    Ovary
    The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in anatomically female individuals are analogous to testes in anatomically male individuals, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.-Human anatomy:Ovaries...
    
     and fallopian tube
    Fallopian tube
    The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction...
    
    
  • Other operations on ovary
    Ovary
    The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in anatomically female individuals are analogous to testes in anatomically male individuals, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.-Human anatomy:Ovaries...
    
    

• Operations on fallopian tubes
  • Salpingotomy and salpingostomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on fallopian tubes
  • Bilateral endoscopic destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes
  • Other bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes
  • Total unilateral salpingectomy
  • Total bilateral salpingectomy
  • Other salpingectomy
    Salpingectomy
    Salpingectomy refers to the surgical removal of a Fallopian tube.-Indications:The procedure was first performed by Lawson Tait in patients with a bleeding ectopic pregnancy; this procedure has since saved the lives of countless women...
    
    
  • Repair of fallopian tube
    Fallopian tube
    The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction...
    
    
  • Insufflation
    Insufflation
    In religious and magical practice, insufflation and exsufflation are ritual acts of blowing, breathing, hissing, or puffing that signify variously expulsion or renunciation of evil or of the devil , or infilling or blessing with good .In historical Christian practice, such blowing appears most...
    
     of fallopian tube
    Fallopian tube
    The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction...
    
    
  • Other operations on fallopian tubes

• Operations on cervix
  Cervix
  The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall...
  
  
  • Dilation of cervical canal, excludes Dilation and curettage
    Dilation and curettage
    Dilation and curettage refers to the dilation of the cervix and surgical removal of part of the lining of the uterus and/or contents of the uterus by scraping and scooping . It is a diagnostic gynecological procedure.D&C normally is referred to a procedure involving a curette, also called sharp...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures on cervix
    Cervix
    The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall...
    
    
  • Conization of cervix excluding electrical/cryo
  • Other excision or destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix
    Cervix
    The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall...
    
    

• Other incision and excision
  Surgery
  Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
  
   of uterus
  Uterus
  The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
  
  
  • Hysterotomy
    Hysterotomy
    A hysterotomy is an incision in the uterus, commonly combined with a laparotomy during a caesarean section. Hysterotomies are also performed during fetal surgery....
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on uterus
    Uterus
    The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
    
     and supporting structures
    • Hysteroscopy
      Hysteroscopy
      Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy with access through the cervix. It allows for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology and serves as a method for surgical intervention .-Method:...
      
      
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of uterus
    Uterus
    The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
    
    
  • Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy
  • Total abdominal hysterectomy
  • Vaginal hysterectomy
  • Radical abdominal hysterectomy
  • Radical vaginal hysterectomy
  • Pelvic exenteration
    Pelvic exenteration
    Pelvic exenteration is a radical surgical treatment that removes all organs from a person's pelvic cavity. The urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, and anus are removed....
    
    
  • Other and unspecified hysterectomy
    Hysterectomy
    A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus, usually performed by a gynecologist. Hysterectomy may be total or partial...
    
    

• Other operations on uterus
  Uterus
  The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
  
   and supporting structures
  • Dilation and curettage
    Dilation and curettage
    Dilation and curettage refers to the dilation of the cervix and surgical removal of part of the lining of the uterus and/or contents of the uterus by scraping and scooping . It is a diagnostic gynecological procedure.D&C normally is referred to a procedure involving a curette, also called sharp...
    
     of uterus
  • Excision or destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus and supporting structures
  • Repair of uterine supporting structures
  • Paracervical uterine denervation
  • Uterine repair
  • Aspiration curettage of uterus
    Uterus
    The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
    
    
  • Menstrual extraction
    Menstrual extraction
    Menstrual extraction was developed as a technique to help women gain and maintain control over their menstrual cycles and reproductive lives. It can be used as a method of very early termination of pregnancy and/or as a simple way to remove menstrual blood.-Early development:In 1971, a member of...
    
     or regulation
  • Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device
  • Other operations on uterus
    Uterus
    The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
    
    , cervix
    Cervix
    The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall...
    
    , and supporting structures

• Operations on vagina
  Vagina
  The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
  
   and rectouterine pouch
  • Culdocentesis
    Culdocentesis
    Culdocentesis refers to the extraction of fluid from the rectouterine pouch posterior to the vagina through a needle. It can be one diagnostic technique used in identifying pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy....
    
    
  • Incision of vagina
    Vagina
    The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
    
     and rectouterine pouch
    • Hymenotomy
      Hymenotomy
      A hymenotomy is a minor medical procedure involving the surgical removal or opening of the hymen. It is often performed on patients with imperforate hymens or septate hymens, or other situations where the hymen is unusually thick or rigid. In the case of a female with a hymen without any opening,...
      
      
    • Culdotomy
    • Lysis
      Lysis
      Lysis refers to the breaking down of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity. A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate"....
      
       of intraluminal adhesions of vagina
      Vagina
      The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
      
      
    • Other vaginotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on vagina
    Vagina
    The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
    
     and rectouterine pouch
  • Local excision or destruction of vagina and rectouterine pouch
  • Obliteration and total excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of vagina
    Vagina
    The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
    
    
    • Vaginectomy
      Vaginectomy
      Vaginectomy is a medical procedure to remove all or part of the vagina. It is usually used as a treatment for vaginal cancer. Vaginectomy is also used as part of some types of female-to-male sex reassignment surgery.-Cancer:...
      
      
  • Repair of cystocele
    Cystocele
    A cystocele is a medical condition that occurs when the tough fibrous wall between a woman's bladder and her vagina is torn by childbirth, allowing the bladder to herniate into the vagina. Urethroceles often occur with cystoceles....
    
     and rectocele
    Rectocele
    A rectocele results from a tear in the rectovaginal septum . Rectal tissue bulges through this tear and into the vagina as a hernia...
    
    
  • Vaginal construction and reconstruction
  • Other repair of vagina
    Vagina
    The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
    
    
  • Obliteration of vaginal vault
    Vaginal vault
    The vaginal vault is the expanded region of the vaginal canal at the internal end of the vagina.The vaginal vault may prolapse after a hysterectomy , leading to a prolapse of the vaginal vault or a vaginal vault prolapse....
    
    
  • Other operations on vagina
    Vagina
    The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
    
     and rectouterine pouch

• Operations on vulva
  Vulva
  The vulva consists of the external genital organs of the female mammal. This article deals with the vulva of the human being, although the structures are similar for other mammals....
  
   and perineum
  Perineum
  In human anatomy, the perineum is a region of the body including the perineal body and surrounding structures...
  
  
  • Incision of vulva
    Vulva
    The vulva consists of the external genital organs of the female mammal. This article deals with the vulva of the human being, although the structures are similar for other mammals....
    
     and perineum
    Perineum
    In human anatomy, the perineum is a region of the body including the perineal body and surrounding structures...
    
    
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on vulva
    Vulva
    The vulva consists of the external genital organs of the female mammal. This article deals with the vulva of the human being, although the structures are similar for other mammals....
    
    
  • Operations on Bartholin's gland
    Bartholin's gland
    The Bartholin's glands are two glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males...
    
    
  • Other local excision or destruction of vulva
    Vulva
    The vulva consists of the external genital organs of the female mammal. This article deals with the vulva of the human being, although the structures are similar for other mammals....
    
     and perineum
    Perineum
    In human anatomy, the perineum is a region of the body including the perineal body and surrounding structures...
    
    
  • Operations on clitoris
    Clitoris
    The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present only in female mammals. In humans, the visible button-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina. Unlike the penis, which is homologous to the clitoris, the clitoris does not...
    
    
  • Radical vulvectomy
    Vulvectomy
    Vulvectomy refers to a gynecological procedure in which the vulva is partly or completely removed. Usually performed as a last resort in certain cases of cancer, vulvar dysplasia, Human Papilloma Virus or FGM/C...
    
    
  • Other vulvectomy
    Vulvectomy
    Vulvectomy refers to a gynecological procedure in which the vulva is partly or completely removed. Usually performed as a last resort in certain cases of cancer, vulvar dysplasia, Human Papilloma Virus or FGM/C...
    
    
  • Repair of vulva
    Vulva
    The vulva consists of the external genital organs of the female mammal. This article deals with the vulva of the human being, although the structures are similar for other mammals....
    
     and perineum
    Perineum
    In human anatomy, the perineum is a region of the body including the perineal body and surrounding structures...
    
    
  • Other operations on vulva
    Vulva
    The vulva consists of the external genital organs of the female mammal. This article deals with the vulva of the human being, although the structures are similar for other mammals....
    
    
  • Other operations on female genital organs

(72–75) Obstetrical procedures

• Forceps
  Forceps
  Forceps or forcipes are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Forceps are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task. The term 'forceps' is used almost exclusively...
  
  , vacuum
  Vacuum
  In everyday usage, vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. The word comes from the Latin term for "empty". A perfect vacuum would be one with no particles in it at all, which is impossible to achieve in...
  
  , and breech delivery

• Other procedures inducing or assisting delivery
  Childbirth
  Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the birth of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus...
  
  
  • Artificial rupture of membranes
    Artificial rupture of membranes
    Artificial rupture of membranes can be used for labor induction.A sterile, plastic, thin hook is brushed against the membranes just inside the cervix, causing the fetal head to move down against the cervix, usually resulting in the contractions becoming stronger and eventually causing the membranes...
    
    
    • Induction of labor by artificial rupture of membranes
      Artificial rupture of membranes
      Artificial rupture of membranes can be used for labor induction.A sterile, plastic, thin hook is brushed against the membranes just inside the cervix, causing the fetal head to move down against the cervix, usually resulting in the contractions becoming stronger and eventually causing the membranes...
      
      
    • Other artificial rupture of membranes
      Artificial rupture of membranes
      Artificial rupture of membranes can be used for labor induction.A sterile, plastic, thin hook is brushed against the membranes just inside the cervix, causing the fetal head to move down against the cervix, usually resulting in the contractions becoming stronger and eventually causing the membranes...
      
      
      • Amniotomy
        Amniotomy
        An artificial rupture of membranes , also known as an amniotomy, may be performed by a midwife or obstetrician. This is usually performed using an amnihook or fingercot. It is intended to induce or accelerate labour.-Indications:...
        
        
  • Other surgical induction of labor
  • Internal and combined version and extraction
  • Failed forceps
  • Medical induction of labor
  • Manually assisted delivery
  • Episiotomy
    Episiotomy
    An episiotomy , also known as perineotomy, is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labor. The incision, which can be midline or at an angle from the posterior end of the vulva, is performed under local anaesthetic , and is sutured...
    
    
  • Operations on fetus to facilitate delivery
    Childbirth
    Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the birth of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus...
    
    
  • Other operations assisting delivery
    Childbirth
    Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the birth of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus...
    
    
  • External version
  • Replacement of prolapsed umbilical cord
  • Incision of cervix
    Cervix
    The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall...
    
     to assist delivery
    Childbirth
    Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the birth of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus...
    
    
  • Pubiotomy to assist delivery
    Childbirth
    Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the birth of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus...
    
    
    • Obstetrical symphysiotomy
      Symphysiotomy
      Symphysiotomy is a surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided to widen the pelvis allowing childbirth when there is a mechanical problem.- Introduction :...
      
      
  • Other

• Cesarean section and removal of fetus
  Fetus
  A fetus is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate after the embryonic stage and before birth.In humans, the fetal stage of prenatal development starts at the beginning of the 11th week in gestational age, which is the 9th week after fertilization.-Etymology and spelling variations:The...
  
  

• Other obstetric operations
  • Intra-amniotic injection for abortion
    Abortion
    Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced...
    
    
  • Diagnostic amniocentesis
    Amniocentesis
    Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for...
    
    
  • Intrauterine transfusion
  • Other intrauterine operations on fetus
    Fetus
    A fetus is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate after the embryonic stage and before birth.In humans, the fetal stage of prenatal development starts at the beginning of the 11th week in gestational age, which is the 9th week after fertilization.-Etymology and spelling variations:The...
    
     and amnion
    Amnion
    The amnion is a membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibians and fish , which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary role of this is the protection of the...
    
    
    • Amnioscopy
      • Fetoscopy
        Fetoscopy
        Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity...
        
        
      • Laparoamnioscopy
    • Fetal EKG (scalp)
    • Fetal blood sampling and biopsy
      Biopsy
      A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
      
      
      • Chorionic villus sampling
        Chorionic villus sampling
        Chorionic villus sampling , sometimes misspelled "chorionic villous sampling", is a form of prenatal diagnosis to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus. It entails sampling of the chorionic villus and testing it...
        
        
    • Other fetal monitoring
    • Other diagnostic procedures
      Medical diagnosis
      Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
      
       on fetus
      Fetus
      A fetus is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate after the embryonic stage and before birth.In humans, the fetal stage of prenatal development starts at the beginning of the 11th week in gestational age, which is the 9th week after fertilization.-Etymology and spelling variations:The...
      
       and amnion
      Amnion
      The amnion is a membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibians and fish , which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary role of this is the protection of the...
      
      
    • Correction of fetal defect
    • Amnioinfusion
      Amnioinfusion
      Amnioinfusion is a method of thinning thick meconium that has passed into the amniotic fluid.It can increase fetal space.It has been used to reduce meconium aspiration syndrome, though evidence of benefit is mixed....
      
      
    • Fetal pulse oximetry
  • Manual removal of retained placenta
    Retained placenta
    Retained placenta is a condition where all or part of the placenta or membranes are left behind in the uterus during the third stage of labour.-In humans:...
    
    
  • Repair of current obstetric laceration of uterus
  • Repair of other current obstetric laceration
  • Manual exploration of uterine cavity, postpartum
  • Obstetric tamponade of uterus
    Uterus
    The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
    
     or vagina
    Vagina
    The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...
    
    
  • Other obstetric operations

(76–84) Operations on the musculoskeletal system

Musculoskeletal system

A musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives animals the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems...

 

• Operations on facial bones
  Facial bones
  The facial skeleton, splanchnocranium or viscerocranium consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull.Most sources include:* Inferior nasal concha...
  
   and joints
  • Incision of facial bone without division
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on facial bones
    Facial bones
    The facial skeleton, splanchnocranium or viscerocranium consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull.Most sources include:* Inferior nasal concha...
    
     and joints
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of facial bone
  • Partial ostectomy
    Ostectomy
    An Ostectomy is a procedure involving the removal of bone.An example is femoral head ostectomy.In dentistry, ostectomy refers specifically to the removal of bone surrounding a tooth in an attempt to eliminate an adjacent periodontal pocket.-References:...
    
     of facial bone
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     and reconstruction of facial bones
    Facial bones
    The facial skeleton, splanchnocranium or viscerocranium consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull.Most sources include:* Inferior nasal concha...
    
    
  • Temporomandibular arthroplasty
  • Other facial bone repair and orthognathic surgery
    Orthognathic surgery
    Orthognathic surgery is surgery to correct conditions of the jaw and face related to structure, growth, sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems owing to skeletal disharmonies, or other orthodontic problems that cannot be easily treated with braces. Originally coined by Dr. Harold...
    
    
    • Augmentation genioplasty
      Genioplasty
      Genioplasty/Mentoplasty is a type of cosmetic surgery that is used to improve the appearance of a person's chin. This can take the form of chin height reduction or chin rounding by osteotomy, or chin augmentation using implants....
      
      
      • Mentoplasty
        Mentoplasty
        Mentoplasty is a term that refers to plastic surgery procedures for the chin. It comes from the Latin word mentum, which means chin, and the Greek verb plassein, which means "to form" or "to shape." Mentoplasty is also known as genioplasty, though mentoplasty is often used to refer to chin...
        
         NOS
  • Reduction of facial fracture
  • Other operations on facial bones
    Facial bones
    The facial skeleton, splanchnocranium or viscerocranium consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull.Most sources include:* Inferior nasal concha...
    
     and joints

• Incision, excision
  Surgery
  Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
  
  , and division of other bones
  • Sequestrectomy
  • Other incision of bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
     without division
  • Wedge osteotomy
  • Other division of bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
    
  • Biopsy
    Biopsy
    A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
    
     of bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     and repair of bunion
    Bunion
    A bunion is a deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe, often erroneously described as an enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the head of the big toe...
    
     and other toe deformities
  • Local excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     or tissue of bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
     for graft
    Bone grafting
    Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly....
    
    
  • Other partial ostectomy
    Ostectomy
    An Ostectomy is a procedure involving the removal of bone.An example is femoral head ostectomy.In dentistry, ostectomy refers specifically to the removal of bone surrounding a tooth in an attempt to eliminate an adjacent periodontal pocket.-References:...
    
    
  • Total ostectomy
    Ostectomy
    An Ostectomy is a procedure involving the removal of bone.An example is femoral head ostectomy.In dentistry, ostectomy refers specifically to the removal of bone surrounding a tooth in an attempt to eliminate an adjacent periodontal pocket.-References:...
    
    

• Other operations on bones, except facial bones
  Facial bones
  The facial skeleton, splanchnocranium or viscerocranium consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull.Most sources include:* Inferior nasal concha...
  
  
  • Bone graft
  • Application of external fixator device
  • Limb shortening procedures
  • Limb lengthening procedures
  • Other repair or plastic operations on bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
    
  • Internal fixation of bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
     without fracture reduction
  • Removal of implanted devices from bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
    
  • Osteoclasis
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on bone
    Bone
    Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
    
    , not elsewhere classified
  • Insertion of bone growth stimulator

• Reduction of fracture
  Bone fracture
  A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone...
  
   and dislocation
  Dislocation
  In materials science, a dislocation is a crystallographic defect, or irregularity, within a crystal structure. The presence of dislocations strongly influences many of the properties of materials...
  
  
  • Closed reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of fracture
    Bone fracture
    A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone...
    
     without internal fixation
  • Closed reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of fracture
    Bone fracture
    A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone...
    
     with internal fixation
  • Open reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of fracture
    Bone fracture
    A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone...
    
     without internal fixation
  • Open reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of fracture
    Bone fracture
    A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone...
    
     with internal fixation
  • Closed reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of separated epiphysis
    Epiphysis
    The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate...
    
    
  • Open reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of separated epiphysis
    Epiphysis
    The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate...
    
    
  • Debridement
    Debridement
    Debridement is the medical removal of a patient's dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue...
    
     of open fracture site
  • Closed reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of dislocation
    Dislocation
    In materials science, a dislocation is a crystallographic defect, or irregularity, within a crystal structure. The presence of dislocations strongly influences many of the properties of materials...
    
    
  • Open reduction
    Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
    Reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their...
    
     of dislocation
    Dislocation
    In materials science, a dislocation is a crystallographic defect, or irregularity, within a crystal structure. The presence of dislocations strongly influences many of the properties of materials...
    
    
  • Unspecified operation on bone injury

• Incision and excision
  Surgery
  Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
  
   of joint structures
  • Arthroscopy
    Arthroscopy
    Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision...
    
    
  • Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc
    Intervertebral disc
    Intervertebral discs lie between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. Each disc forms a cartilaginous joint to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.-Structure:...
    
    
    • Excision of intervertebral disc
      Intervertebral disc
      Intervertebral discs lie between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. Each disc forms a cartilaginous joint to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.-Structure:...
      
      
      • Diskectomy

• Repair and plastic operations on joint structures
  • Spinal fusion
    Spinal fusion
    Spinal fusion, also known as spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgical technique used to join two or more vertebrae. Supplementary bone tissue, either from the patient or a donor , is used in conjunction with the body's natural bone growth processes to fuse the vertebrae.Fusing of the...
    
    
  • Arthrodesis
    Arthrodesis
    Arthrodesis, also known as artificial ankylosis or syndesis, is the artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones via surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication, splints, or other normally-indicated treatments. The typical...
    
     and arthroereisis of foot
    Foot
    The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws...
    
     and ankle
    Ankle
    The ankle joint is formed where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot...
    
    
  • Arthrodesis
    Arthrodesis
    Arthrodesis, also known as artificial ankylosis or syndesis, is the artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones via surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication, splints, or other normally-indicated treatments. The typical...
    
     of other joint
  • Refusion of spine
  • Other repair of joint of lower extremity
    Human leg
    The human leg is the entire lower extremity or limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region; however, the precise definition in human anatomy refers only to the section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle.Legs are used for standing,...
    
    
  • Joint replacement
    Joint replacement
    Replacement arthroplasty [from Greek arthron, joint, limb, articulate, + -plassein, to form, mould, forge, feign, make an image of], or joint replacement surgery, is a procedure of orthopedic surgery in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopaedic prosthesis...
    
     of lower extremity
    Human leg
    The human leg is the entire lower extremity or limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region; however, the precise definition in human anatomy refers only to the section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle.Legs are used for standing,...
    
    
    • Total hip replacement
      Hip replacement
      Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi replacement. Such joint replacement orthopaedic surgery generally is conducted to relieve arthritis pain or fix severe...
      
      
    • Partial hip replacement
      Hip replacement
      Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi replacement. Such joint replacement orthopaedic surgery generally is conducted to relieve arthritis pain or fix severe...
      
      
    • Revision of hip replacement
      Hip replacement
      Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi replacement. Such joint replacement orthopaedic surgery generally is conducted to relieve arthritis pain or fix severe...
      
      , not otherwise specified
    • Total knee replacement
      Knee replacement
      Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve the pain and disability of osteoarthritis. It may be performed for other knee diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis...
      
      
    • Revision of knee replacement
      Knee replacement
      Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve the pain and disability of osteoarthritis. It may be performed for other knee diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis...
      
      , not otherwise specified
    • Total ankle replacement
      Ankle replacement
      Ankle replacement, or ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged articular surfaces of the human ankle joint with prosthetic components. This procedure is becoming the treatment of choice for patients, replacing the conventional use of arthrodesis, i.e. fusion of the bones...
      
      
    • Replacement of joint
      Joint
      A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.-Classification:...
      
       of foot
      Foot
      The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws...
      
       and toe
      Toe
      Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of...
      
      
    • Revision of joint replacement
      Joint replacement
      Replacement arthroplasty [from Greek arthron, joint, limb, articulate, + -plassein, to form, mould, forge, feign, make an image of], or joint replacement surgery, is a procedure of orthopedic surgery in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopaedic prosthesis...
      
       of lower extremity
      Human leg
      The human leg is the entire lower extremity or limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region; however, the precise definition in human anatomy refers only to the section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle.Legs are used for standing,...
      
      , not elsewhere classified
  • Other procedures on spine
    Vertebral column
    In human anatomy, the vertebral column is a column usually consisting of 24 articulating vertebrae, and 9 fused vertebrae in the sacrum and the coccyx. It is situated in the dorsal aspect of the torso, separated by intervertebral discs...
    
    
  • Arthroplasty
    Arthroplasty
    Arthroplasty is an operative procedure of orthopedic surgery performed, in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with something better or by remodeling or realigning the joint by osteotomy or some other procedure.-Background:Previously, a popular form of arthroplasty was...
    
     and repair of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    , finger
    Finger
    A finger is a limb of the human body and a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates....
    
    s and wrist
    Wrist
    In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand;...
    
    
  • Arthroplasty
    Arthroplasty
    Arthroplasty is an operative procedure of orthopedic surgery performed, in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with something better or by remodeling or realigning the joint by osteotomy or some other procedure.-Background:Previously, a popular form of arthroplasty was...
    
     and repair of shoulder
    Shoulder
    The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle , the scapula , and the humerus as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The major joint of the shoulder is the glenohumeral joint, which...
    
     and elbow
    Elbow
    The human elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint—the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm....
    
    
    • Total shoulder replacement
      Shoulder replacement
      Shoulder replacement is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the glenohumeral joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Such joint replacement surgery generally is conducted to relieve arthritis pain or fix severe physical joint damage....
      
      
    • Partial shoulder replacement
      Shoulder replacement
      Shoulder replacement is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the glenohumeral joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Such joint replacement surgery generally is conducted to relieve arthritis pain or fix severe physical joint damage....
      
      
    • Repair of recurrent dislocation of shoulder
    • Other repair of shoulder
      Shoulder
      The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle , the scapula , and the humerus as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The major joint of the shoulder is the glenohumeral joint, which...
      
      
    • Total elbow replacement
    • Other repair of elbow
      Elbow
      The human elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint—the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm....
      
      
  • Other operations on joint
    Joint
    A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.-Classification:...
    
     structures

• Operations on muscle
  Muscle
  Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
  
  , tendon
  Tendon
  A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
  
  , and fascia
  Fascia
  A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
  
   of hand
  Hand
  A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
  
  
  • Incision of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    , and bursa of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Division of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
     of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of lesion
    Lesion
    A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
    
     of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
     of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Other excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of soft tissue
    Soft tissue
    In anatomy, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being bone. Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels .It is sometimes...
    
     of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Suture of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
     of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Transplantation
    Organ transplant
    Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site on the patient's own body, for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or absent organ. The emerging field of regenerative medicine is allowing scientists and engineers to create organs to be...
    
     of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
     and tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
     of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Reconstruction of thumb
    Thumb
    The thumb is the first digit of the hand. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position , the thumb is the lateral-most digit...
    
    
  • Plastic operation on hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
     with graft
    Medical grafting
    Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another person, without bringing its own blood supply with it. Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed. A similar technique where tissue is transferred with the blood supply intact...
    
     or implant
    Implant (medicine)
    An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Medical implants are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue...
    
    
  • Other plastic operations on hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Other operations on muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
     of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    

• Operations on muscle
  Muscle
  Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
  
  , tendon
  Tendon
  A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
  
  , fascia
  Fascia
  A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
  
  , and bursa
  Bursa (anatomy)
  A bursa is a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid . It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement...
  
  , except hand
  • Incision of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    , and bursa
    • Exploration
      Exploration
      Exploration is the act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery of resources or information. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans...
      
       of tendon sheath
      Tendon sheath
      A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.It has two layers:* synovial sheath* fibrous tendon sheathFibroma of the tendon sheath has been described....
      
      
    • Myotomy
      Myotomy
      Myotomy describes a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut.A common example of a myotomy is the Heller myotomy....
      
      
    • Bursotomy
    • Other incision of soft tissue
      Soft tissue
      In anatomy, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being bone. Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels .It is sometimes...
      
      
  • Division of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    
    • Achillotenotomy
    • Adductor tenotomy of hip
    • Other tenotomy
      Tenotomy
      A tenotomy is a surgical act which involves the division of a tendon.When it involves the Achilles tendon, it is called a "Achillotenotomy".It has been used in the treatment of cerebral palsy.It has also been used for hammer toe....
      
      
    • Fasciotomy
      Fasciotomy
      Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure . Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compartment syndrome. It is also sometimes used to treat chronic compartment stress syndrome...
      
      
    • Other division of soft tissue
      Soft tissue
      In anatomy, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being bone. Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels .It is sometimes...
      
      
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    , and bursa, including that of hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
    
    
  • Excision of lesion of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    , and bursa
  • Other excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    
  • Bursectomy
    Bursectomy
    A bursa is a small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction. Bursectomy refers to the removal of one of these structures, usually due to chronic inflammation or infection....
    
    
  • Suture of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    
  • Reconstruction of muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
     and tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    
  • Other plastic operations on muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , and fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    
  • Other operations on muscle
    Muscle
    Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
    
    , tendon
    Tendon
    A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other...
    
    , fascia
    Fascia
    A fascia is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches...
    
    , and bursa

• Other procedures on musculoskeletal system
  Musculoskeletal system
  A musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives animals the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems...
  
  
  • Amputation
    Amputation
    Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
    
     of upper limb
    Upper limb
    The upper limb or upper extremity is the region in an animal extending from the deltoid region to the hand, including the arm, axilla and shoulder.-Definition:...
    
    
  • Amputation
    Amputation
    Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
    
     of lower limb
    Lower limb
    The lower limb is a limb of the body.According to Terminologia Anatomica, it includes the pelvic girdle, buttocks, hip, and thigh, as well as the components distal to the knee.-References:...
    
    
    • Lower limb amputation, not otherwise specified
    • Amputation
      Amputation
      Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
      
       of toe
      Toe
      Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of...
      
      
    • Amputation
      Amputation
      Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
      
       through foot
      Foot
      The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws...
      
      
    • Disarticulation
      Disarticulation
      In medical terminology, disarticulation is the separation of two bones at their joint, either naturally by way of injury or by a surgeon during amputation....
      
       of ankle
      Ankle
      The ankle joint is formed where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot...
      
      
    • Amputation
      Amputation
      Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
      
       of ankle
      Ankle
      The ankle joint is formed where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot...
      
       through malleoli of tibia and fibula
    • Other amputation
      Amputation
      Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
      
       below knee
      Knee
      The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the fibula and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest joint in the human body and is very complicated. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus , which permits flexion and extension as...
      
      
    • Disarticulation
      Disarticulation
      In medical terminology, disarticulation is the separation of two bones at their joint, either naturally by way of injury or by a surgeon during amputation....
      
       of knee
      Knee
      The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the fibula and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest joint in the human body and is very complicated. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus , which permits flexion and extension as...
      
      
    • Amputation
      Amputation
      Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
      
       above knee
      Knee
      The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the fibula and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest joint in the human body and is very complicated. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus , which permits flexion and extension as...
      
      
    • Disarticulation
      Disarticulation
      In medical terminology, disarticulation is the separation of two bones at their joint, either naturally by way of injury or by a surgeon during amputation....
      
       of hip
    • Abdominopelvic amputation
      • Hemipelvectomy
        Hemipelvectomy
        A hemipelvectomy is a high level pelvic amputation. Along with hip disarticulations, hemipelvectomies are the rarest of lower extremity amputations. In some cases, an internal hemipelvectomy can be performed, which is a limb-sparing procedure. A complete hemipelvectomy, however, is the...
        
        
  • Reattachment of extremity
  • Revision of amputation stump
  • Implantation
    Implant (medicine)
    An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Medical implants are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue...
    
     or fitting of prosthetic limb device
  • Implantation
    Implant (medicine)
    An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Medical implants are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue...
    
     of other musculoskeletal devices and substances
    • Insertion of interbody spinal fusion device
    • Insertion of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein
      Bone morphogenetic protein
      Bone morphogenetic proteins are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens . Originally discovered by their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue...
      
      
    • Implantation of internal limb lengthening device with kinetic distraction
    • Implantation of other internal limb lengthening device
    • Insertion of bone void filler
    • Insertion of (cement) spacer
      Spacer
      Spacer may refer to:* Spacer , in Isaac Asimov's Robot Series* Rebar spacer, in concrete construction* Spacer, alias for flesh tunnel, a type of body piercing* Spacer, element in HTML Webpage designIn science and medicine:...
      
      
    • Removal of (cement) spacer
      Spacer
      Spacer may refer to:* Spacer , in Isaac Asimov's Robot Series* Rebar spacer, in concrete construction* Spacer, alias for flesh tunnel, a type of body piercing* Spacer, element in HTML Webpage designIn science and medicine:...
      
      
    • Implantation of interspinous process decompression device
    • Insertion of other spinal devices
  • Replacement of spinal disc
  • Adjunct codes for external fixator devices
  • Other operations on musculoskeletal system
    Musculoskeletal system
    A musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives animals the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems...
    
    

(85–86) Operations on the integumentary system

Integumentary system

The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages...

 

• Operations on the breast
  Breast
  The breast is the upper ventral region of the torso of a primate, in left and right sides, which in a female contains the mammary gland that secretes milk used to feed infants.Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues...
  
  
  • Mastotomy
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on breast
    Breast
    The breast is the upper ventral region of the torso of a primate, in left and right sides, which in a female contains the mammary gland that secretes milk used to feed infants.Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues...
    
    
  • Excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     or destruction of breast tissue
    • Local excision of lesion
      Lesion
      A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
      
       of breast
      Breast
      The breast is the upper ventral region of the torso of a primate, in left and right sides, which in a female contains the mammary gland that secretes milk used to feed infants.Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues...
      
      
      • Lumpectomy
        Lumpectomy
        Lumpectomy is a common surgical procedure designed to remove a discrete lump, usually a benign tumor or breast cancer, from an affected man or woman's breast...
        
        
  • Reduction mammoplasty and subcutaneous mammectomy
  • Mastectomy
    Mastectomy
    Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely. Mastectomy is usually done to treat breast cancer; in some cases, women and some men believed to be at high risk of breast cancer have the operation prophylactically, that is, to prevent cancer...
    
    
  • Augmentation mammoplasty
  • Mastopexy
  • Total reconstruction of breast
  • Other repair and plastic operations on breast
    Breast
    The breast is the upper ventral region of the torso of a primate, in left and right sides, which in a female contains the mammary gland that secretes milk used to feed infants.Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues...
    
    
  • Other operations on the breast
    Breast
    The breast is the upper ventral region of the torso of a primate, in left and right sides, which in a female contains the mammary gland that secretes milk used to feed infants.Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues...
    
    

• Operations on skin
  Human skin
  The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
  
   and subcutaneous tissue
  Subcutaneous tissue
  The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
  
  
  • Incision of skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    
    • ( Aspiration
      Aspiration
      Aspiration may refer to:In linguistics:*Aspirated consonant, a plosive pronounced with a strong burst of air*Debuccalization, the conversion of a consonant to [h] or [ʔ]*Voiceless glottal fricative In engine technology:...
      
       of skin
      Human skin
      The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
      
       and subcutaneous tissue
      Subcutaneous tissue
      The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
      
      
    • ( Injection or tattooing of skin lesion or defect
    • ( Incision of pilonidal sinus or cyst
      Cyst
      A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division on the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.- Locations :* Acne...
      
      
    • ( Other incision with drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue
      Subcutaneous tissue
      The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
      
      
    • ( Incision with removal of foreign body
      Foreign body
      A foreign body is any object originating outside the body. In machinery, it can mean any unwanted intruding object.Most references to foreign bodies involve propulsion through natural orifices into hollow organs....
      
       or device from skin and subcutaneous tissue
      Subcutaneous tissue
      The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
      
      
    • ( Insertion of totally implantable infusion pump
      Infusion pump
      An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication or nutrients into a patient's circulatory system. It is generally used intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used....
      
      
    • ( Insertion of totally implantable vascular access device (VAD)
    • ( Other incision of skin
      Human skin
      The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
      
       and subcutaneous tissue
      Subcutaneous tissue
      The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
      
      
      • Escharotomy
        Escharotomy
        An escharotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat full thickness circumferential burns. Since full thickness burns are characterized by tough, leathery eschar, an escharotomy is used primarily to combat compartment syndrome...
        
        
  • Diagnostic procedures
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     on skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    
  • Excision or destruction of lesion or tissue of skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    
  • Other local excision or destruction of lesion or tissue of skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    
  • Radical excision
    Surgery
    Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
    
     of skin lesion
  • Suture or other closure of skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    
  • Free skin graft
    • Free skin graft, not otherwise specified
    • Full-thickness skin graft to hand
      Hand
      A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
      
      
    • Other skin graft to hand
      Hand
      A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
      
      
    • Full-thickness skin graft to other sites
    • Hair transplant
    • Heterograft to skin
      Human skin
      The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
      
      
    • Homograft to skin
      Human skin
      The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
      
      
  • Pedicle grafts or flap
    Flap (surgery)
    Flap surgery is a technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery where any type of tissue is lifted from a donor site and moved to a recipient site with an intact blood supply. This is similar to but different from a graft, which does not have an intact blood supply and therefore relies on growth...
    
    s
  • Other repair and reconstruction of skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    
  • Other operations on skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and subcutaneous tissue
    Subcutaneous tissue
    The hypodermis, also called the hypoderm, subcutaneous tissue, or superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages...
    
    

Diagnostic radiology

• Diagnostic radiology
  Radiology
  Radiology is a medical specialty that employs the use of imaging to both diagnose and treat disease visualized within the human body. Radiologists use an array of imaging technologies to diagnose or treat diseases...
  
  
  • Soft tissue
    Soft tissue
    In anatomy, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being bone. Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels .It is sometimes...
    
     x-ray of thorax
  • Other x-ray of thorax
  • X-ray
    X-ray
    X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
    
     of urinary system
    Urinary system
    The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra.-Kidney:...
    
    
    • Computerized axial tomography of kidney
      Kidney
      The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
      
      
      • CAT scan of kidney
        Kidney
        The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
        
        
    • Other nephrotomogram
    • Intravenous pyelogram
      Intravenous pyelogram
      An intravenous pyelogram is a radiological procedure used to visualize abnormalities of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.-Procedure:...
      
      
      • Diuretic infusion pyelogram
    • Retrograde pyelogram
      Retrograde pyelogram
      Retrograde Pyelogram is a urologic procedure where the physician injects contrast into the ureter in order to visualize the ureter and kidney. The flow of contrast is opposite the usual flow of urine, hence the retrograde name.Reasons for performing a retrograde pyelogram include identification of...
      
      
    • Percutaneous pyelogram
    • Retrograde cystourethrogram
    • Other cystogram
    • Ileal conduitogram
    • Other x-ray
      X-ray
      X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
      
       of the urinary system
      Urinary system
      The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra.-Kidney:...
      
      
      • KUB x-ray

• Other diagnostic radiology and related techniques
  • Soft tissue
    Soft tissue
    In anatomy, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being bone. Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels .It is sometimes...
    
     x-ray of abdomen
  • Other x-ray of abdomen
  • Skeletal x-ray of extremities and pelvis
  • Other x-ray
    X-ray
    X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
    
    
  • Arteriography using contrast material
  • Angiocardiography
    Angiocardiography
    Angiocardiography is a technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic veins and arteries. A liquid radiocontrast agent, typically containing iodine, is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays. To avoid dilution, the radiopaque material is...
    
     using contrast material
  • Phlebography
  • Diagnostic ultrasound
  • Thermography
    Thermography
    Infrared thermography, thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of infrared imaging science. Thermal imaging cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum and produce images of that radiation, called thermograms...
    
    
  • Other diagnostic imaging
    • Diagnostic imaging, not elsewhere classified
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
       of brain
      Human brain
      The human brain has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is over three times larger than the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size. Estimates for the number of neurons in the human brain range from 80 to 120 billion...
      
       and brain stem
      Brain stem
      In vertebrate anatomy the brainstem is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves...
      
      
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
       of chest
      Chest
      The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. It is sometimes referred to as the thorax or the bosom.-Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids:...
      
       and myocardium
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
       of spinal canal
      Spinal canal
      The spinal canal is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae...
      
      
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
       of musculoskeletal
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
       of pelvis, prostate
      Prostate
      The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
      
      , and bladder
      Bladder
      Bladder usually refers to an anatomical hollow organBladder may also refer to:-Biology:* Urinary bladder in humans** Urinary bladder ** Bladder control; see Urinary incontinence** Artificial urinary bladder, in humans...
      
      
    • Other intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
      
    • Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
      
       of other and unspecified sites
    • Bone mineral density studies

Interview

Interview

An interview is a conversation between two people where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.- Interview as a Method for Qualitative Research:"Definition" -...

, evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation is systematic determination of merit, worth, and significance of something or someone using criteria against a set of standards.Evaluation often is used to characterize and appraise subjects of interest in a wide range of human enterprises, including the arts, criminal justice,...

, consultation, and examination

• Interview
  Interview
  An interview is a conversation between two people where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.- Interview as a Method for Qualitative Research:"Definition" -...
  
  , evaluation
  Evaluation
  Evaluation is systematic determination of merit, worth, and significance of something or someone using criteria against a set of standards.Evaluation often is used to characterize and appraise subjects of interest in a wide range of human enterprises, including the arts, criminal justice,...
  
  , consultation, and examination

• • Diagnostic interview
    Interview
    An interview is a conversation between two people where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.- Interview as a Method for Qualitative Research:"Definition" -...
    
    , consultation, and evaluation
    Evaluation
    Evaluation is systematic determination of merit, worth, and significance of something or someone using criteria against a set of standards.Evaluation often is used to characterize and appraise subjects of interest in a wide range of human enterprises, including the arts, criminal justice,...
    
    
  • Anatomic and physiologic measurements and manual examinations—nervous system
    Nervous system
    The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous...
    
     and sense organs
    • Electroencephalogram
  • Anatomic and physiologic measurements and manual examinations -- genitourinary system
    Genitourinary system
    In anatomy, the genitourinary system or urogenital system is the organ system of the reproductive organs and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra...
    
    
    • Urinary manometry
    • Cystometrogram
    • Urethral sphincter electromyogram
    • Uroflowmetry (UFR)
    • Urethral pressure profile (UPP)
    • Gynecological examination
    • Other nonoperative genitourinary system
      Genitourinary system
      In anatomy, the genitourinary system or urogenital system is the organ system of the reproductive organs and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra...
      
       measurements
  • Other anatomic and physiologic measurements and manual examinations
  • Cardiac stress tests, pacemaker
    Artificial pacemaker
    A pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart...
    
     and defibrillator checks
  • Other nonoperative cardiac and vascular
    Vascular
    Vascular in zoology and medicine means "related to blood vessels", which are part of the circulatory system. An organ or tissue that is vascularized is heavily endowed with blood vessels and thus richly supplied with blood....
    
     diagnostic procedures
  • Circulatory monitoring
  • General physical examination
    Physical examination
    Physical examination or clinical examination is the process by which a doctor investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease. It generally follows the taking of the medical history — an account of the symptoms as experienced by the patient...
    
    
  • Autopsy
    Autopsy
    An autopsy—also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy , autopsia cadaverum, or obduction—is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present...
    
    

• (-) Microscopic examination
  • fourth-digit codes:
  • 1 bacterial smear
  • 2 culture
    Culture
    Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
    
    
  • 3 culture
    Culture
    Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
    
     and sensitivity
    Sensitivity
    Stimulus|Sensitivity may refer to:* Sensitivity , the ability to react to a stimulus* Sensitivity , the strength of physical or emotional reaction in people* Sensitivity , variations in process dynamics and control systems...
    
    
  • 4 parasitology
    Parasitology
    Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question, but by their way of life...
    
    
  • 5 toxicology
    Toxicology
    Toxicology is a branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms...
    
    
  • 6 cell block and Papanicolaou smear
  • 9 other microscopic examination
  • specimen from nervous system
    Nervous system
    The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous...
    
     and of spinal fluid
  • specimen from endocrine gland, not elsewhere classified
  • specimen from eye
    Human eye
    The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth...
    
    
  • specimen from ear
    Ear
    The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system....
    
    , nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
    
    , throat
    Throat
    In vertebrate anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx...
    
    , and larynx
    Larynx
    The larynx , commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume...
    
    
  • specimen from trachea
    Vertebrate trachea
    In tetrapod anatomy the trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus...
    
    , bronchus
    Bronchus
    A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles....
    
    , pleura, lung
    Human lung
    The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about in...
    
    , and other thoracic specimen, and of sputum
    Sputum
    Sputum is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways. It is usually used for microbiological investigations of respiratory infections....
    
    
  • blood
    Blood
    Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells....
    
    
  • specimen from spleen
    Spleen
    The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
    
     and of bone marrow
    Bone marrow
    Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. In humans, bone marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in adults weighing 65 kg , bone marrow accounts for approximately 2.6 kg...
    
    
  • specimen from lymph node
    Lymph node
    A lymph node is a small ball or an oval-shaped organ of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach/gut and linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as...
    
     and of lymph
    Lymph
    Lymph is considered a part of the interstitial fluid, the fluid which lies in the interstices of all body tissues. Interstitial fluid becomes lymph when it enters a lymph capillary...
    
    
  • specimen from upper gastrointestinal tract and of vomitus
  • specimen from lower gastrointestinal tract and of stool
    Human feces
    Human feces , also known as a stool, is the waste product of the human digestive system including bacteria. It varies significantly in appearance, according to the state of the digestive system, diet and general health....
    
    
  • specimen from liver
    Liver
    The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
    
    , biliary tract, and pancreas
    Pancreas
    The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
    
    
  • peritoneal and retroperitoneal specimen
  • specimen from kidney
    Kidney
    The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
    
    , ureter
    Ureter
    In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
    
    , perirenal and periureteral tissue
  • specimen from bladder
    Bladder
    Bladder usually refers to an anatomical hollow organBladder may also refer to:-Biology:* Urinary bladder in humans** Urinary bladder ** Bladder control; see Urinary incontinence** Artificial urinary bladder, in humans...
    
    , urethra
    Urethra
    In anatomy, the urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids out of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine...
    
    , prostate
    Prostate
    The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
    
    , seminal vesicle
    Seminal vesicle
    The seminal vesicles or vesicular glands are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of male mammals...
    
    , perivesical tissue, and of urine
    Urine
    Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body that is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products, many rich in nitrogen, that require elimination from the bloodstream...
    
     and semen
    Semen
    Semen is an organic fluid, also known as seminal fluid, that may contain spermatozoa. It is secreted by the gonads and other sexual organs of male or hermaphroditic animals and can fertilize female ova...
    
    
  • specimen from female genital tract
  • specimen from musculoskeletal system
    Musculoskeletal system
    A musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives animals the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems...
    
     and of joint fluid
  • specimen from skin
    Human skin
    The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
    
     and other integument
  • specimen from operative wound
  • specimen from other site
  • specimen from unspecified site

Nuclear medicine

Nuclear medicine

In nuclear medicine procedures, elemental radionuclides are combined with other elements to form chemical compounds, or else combined with existing pharmaceutical compounds, to form radiopharmaceuticals. These radiopharmaceuticals, once administered to the patient, can localize to specific organs...

• Nuclear medicine
  Nuclear medicine
  In nuclear medicine procedures, elemental radionuclides are combined with other elements to form chemical compounds, or else combined with existing pharmaceutical compounds, to form radiopharmaceuticals. These radiopharmaceuticals, once administered to the patient, can localize to specific organs...
  
  
  • Radioisotope scan and function study
  • Other radioisotope scan
  • Therapeutic radiology and nuclear medicine
    Nuclear medicine
    In nuclear medicine procedures, elemental radionuclides are combined with other elements to form chemical compounds, or else combined with existing pharmaceutical compounds, to form radiopharmaceuticals. These radiopharmaceuticals, once administered to the patient, can localize to specific organs...
    
    
  • Stereotactic radiosurgery

Physical therapy

Physical therapy

Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...

, respiratory therapy

Respiratory therapy

Respiratory therapy is a healthcare profession in which specialists work with patients suffering from either acute or chronic respiratory problems. These specialists are termed Respiratory Therapists in most places internationally but may also be referred to as Respiratory Scientists or...

, rehabilitation

Physical therapy

Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...

, and related procedures

• Physical therapy
  Physical therapy
  Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
  
  , respiratory therapy
  Respiratory therapy
  Respiratory therapy is a healthcare profession in which specialists work with patients suffering from either acute or chronic respiratory problems. These specialists are termed Respiratory Therapists in most places internationally but may also be referred to as Respiratory Scientists or...
  
  , rehabilitation
  Physical therapy
  Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
  
  , and related procedures
  • Diagnostic
    Medical diagnosis
    Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder , and to the opinion reached by this process...
    
     physical therapy
    Physical therapy
    Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
    
    
  • Physical therapy
    Physical therapy
    Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
    
     exercises
    Exercises
    - 30th Anniversary Bonus Tracks:-Band members:*Dan McCafferty - vocals*Darrell Sweet - drums, backing vocals*Pete Agnew - bass guitar, acoustic guitar, backing vocals*Manny Charlton - guitar, 12-string guitar, backing vocals-Additional musicians:...
    
    
  • Other physical therapy
    Physical therapy
    Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
    
     musculoskeletal manipulations
  • Other physical therapy
    Physical therapy
    Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
    
     therapeutic procedures
    • Assisted exercise in pool
    • Whirlpool treatment
    • Other hydrotherapy
      Hydrotherapy
      Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy, involves the use of water for pain-relief and treating illness. The term hydrotherapy itself is synonymous with the term water cure as it was originally marketed by practitioners and promoters in the 19th century...
      
      
    • Diathermy
      Diathermy
      In the natural sciences, the term diathermy means "electrically induced heat" and is commonly used for muscle relaxation. It is also a method of heating tissue electromagnetically or ultrasonically for therapeutic purposes in medicine.-Surgical uses:...
      
      
    • Other heat therapy
      Heat therapy
      Heat therapy, also called thermotherapy, is the application of heat to the body for pain relief and health. It can take the form of a hot cloth, hot water, ultrasound, heating pad, hydrocollator packs, whirlpool baths, cordless FIR heat therapy wrap, and many others. It can be beneficial to those...
      
      
    • Cardiac retraining
    • Prenatal training
    • Combined physical therapy
      Physical therapy
      Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
      
       without mention of the components
    • Other physical therapy
      Physical therapy
      Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...
      
      
  • Skeletal traction and other traction
    Traction (orthopedics)
    In orthopedic medicine, traction refers to the set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system.There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction....
    
    
  • Other immobilization
    Immobilization
    Immobilization in soil science is when organic matter decomposes and is absorbed by micro-organisms, therefore preventing it being accessible to plants. Immobilization is the opposite of mineralization....
    
    , pressure
    Pressure
    Pressure is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.- Definition :...
    
    , and attention to wound
    • Application of neck support
      • Application of cervical collar
        Cervical collar
        A cervical collar is an orthopedic medical device used to support a patient's neck and head. It is also used by emergency personnel for victims of traumatic head or neck injuries, and can be used to treat chronic medical conditions....
        
        
      • Application of Minerva jacket
  • Osteopathic manipulative treatment
  • Speech
    Speech
    Speech is the human faculty of speaking.It may also refer to:* Public speaking, the process of speaking to a group of people* Manner of articulation, how the body parts involved in making speech are manipulated...
    
     and reading rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the blind
  • Other rehabilitation therapy
    • Recreation therapy
    • Educational therapy
      Educational Therapy
      Educational Therapy is a form of therapy used to treat individuals with learning differences, disabilities, and challenges. This form of therapy offers a wide range of intensive interventions that are designed to remediate learning problems. These interventions are individualized and unique to the...
      
      
    • Occupational therapy
      Occupational therapy
      Occupational therapy is a discipline that aims to promote health by enabling people to perform meaningful and purposeful activities. Occupational therapists work with individuals who suffer from a mentally, physically, developmentally, and/or emotionally disabling condition by utilizing treatments...
      
      
    • Music therapy
      Music therapy
      Music therapy is an allied health profession and one of the expressive therapies, consisting of an interpersonal process in which a trained music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients to improve or maintain their...
      
      
    • Vocational rehabilitation
    • Rehabilitation, not elsewhere classified
  • Respiratory therapy
    Respiratory therapy
    Respiratory therapy is a healthcare profession in which specialists work with patients suffering from either acute or chronic respiratory problems. These specialists are termed Respiratory Therapists in most places internationally but may also be referred to as Respiratory Scientists or...
    
    

Procedures related to the psyche

Psyche (psychology)

The word psyche has a long history of use in psychology and philosophy, dating back to ancient times, and has been one of the fundamental concepts for understanding human nature from a scientific point of view. The English word soul is sometimes used synonymously, especially in older...

• Procedures related to the psyche
  Psyche (psychology)
  The word psyche has a long history of use in psychology and philosophy, dating back to ancient times, and has been one of the fundamental concepts for understanding human nature from a scientific point of view. The English word soul is sometimes used synonymously, especially in older...
  
  
  • Psychologic evaluation and testing
    • Administration of intelligence test
      • Administration of Stanford-Binet
      • Administration of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
        Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
        The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale intelligence quotient tests are the primary clinical instruments used to measure adult and adolescent intelligence. The original WAIS was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler, as a revision of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale...
        
        
      • Administration of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
        Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
        The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , developed by Dr. David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing...
        
        
    • Administration of psychologic test
      • Administration of Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test
      • Administration of Benton Visual Retention Test
        Benton Visual Retention Test
        The Benton Visual Retention Test is an individually administered test for ages 8-adult that measures visual perception and visual memory . It can also be used to help identify possible learning disabilities. The child is shown 10 designs, one at a time, and asked to reproduce each one as exactly...
        
        
      • Administration of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
        Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
        The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is one of the most frequently used personality tests in mental health. The test is used by trained professionals to assist in identifying personality structure and psychopathology....
        
        
      • Administration of Wechsler Memory Scale
        Wechsler Memory Scale
        The Wechsler Memory Scale is a neuropsychological test designed to measure different memory functions in a person. It can be used with people from age 16 through 90. The current version is the fourth edition which was published in 2009 and which was designed to be used with the WAIS-IV...
        
        
    • Character analysis
    • Other psychologic evaluation and testing
    • Psychologic mental status determination, not otherwise specified
  • Psychiatric interviews, consultations, and evaluations
    • Psychiatric mental status determination
    • Routine psychiatric visit, not otherwise specified
    • Psychiatric commitment evaluation
    • Other psychiatric interview
      Psychiatric interview
      The psychiatric interview refers to the set of tools that a mental health worker uses to complete a psychiatric assessment.The goals of the psychiatric interview are:...
      
       and evaluation
  • Psychiatric somatotherapy
    • Narcoanalysis
    • Lithium therapy
    • Neuroleptic therapy
    • Chemical shock therapy
    • Other psychiatric drug therapy
    • Subconvulsive electroshock therapy
    • Other electroshock therapy
      • Electroconvulsive therapy
        Electroconvulsive therapy
        Electroconvulsive therapy , formerly known as electroshock, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect. Its mode of action is unknown...
        
         (ECT)
    • Other psychiatric somatotherapy
  • Individual psychotherapy
    Psychotherapy
    Psychotherapy is a general term referring to any form of therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client or patient; family, couple or group...
    
    
    • Psychoanalysis
      Psychoanalysis
      Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, mostly by some of Freud's former students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav...
      
      
    • Hypnotherapy
      Hypnotherapy
      Hypnotherapy is a therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.The word "hypnosis" is an abbreviation of James Braid's term "neuro-hypnotism", meaning "sleep of the nervous system"....
      
      
    • Behavior therapy
      • Aversion therapy
        Aversion therapy
        Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort...
        
        
      • Behavior modification
        Behavior modification
        Behavior modification is the use of empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques to increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors, such as altering an individual's behaviors and reactions to stimuli through positive and negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior and/or the reduction of...
        
        
      • Desensitization therapy
      • Extinction therapy
      • Relaxation training
      • Token economy
        Token economy
        A token economy is a system of behavior modification based on the systematic positive reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforcers. Token economy is based on the principles of operant conditioning and can be situated within...
        
        
    • Other individual psychotherapy
      Psychotherapy
      Psychotherapy is a general term referring to any form of therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client or patient; family, couple or group...
      
      
    • Biofeedback
      Biofeedback
      Biofeedback is the process of becoming aware of various physiological functions using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will...
      
      
  • Other psychotherapy
    Psychotherapy
    Psychotherapy is a general term referring to any form of therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client or patient; family, couple or group...
    
     and counselling
    • Group therapy
      Group therapy
      Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group...
      
       for psychosexual dysfunction
    • Family therapy
      Family therapy
      Family therapy, also referred to as couple and family therapy, family systems therapy, and family counseling, is a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the systems of...
      
      
    • Psychodrama
      Psychodrama
      Psychodrama is a method of psychotherapy in which clients utilize spontaneous dramatization, role playing and dramatic self-presentation to investigate and gain insight into their lives. Developed by Jacob L. Moreno, M.D. psychodrama includes elements of theater, often conducted on a stage where...
      
      
    • Other group therapy
      Group therapy
      Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group...
      
      
    • Drug addiction counselling
    • Alcoholism counselling
    • Other counselling
  • Referral for psychologic rehabilitation
  • Alcohol and drug rehabilitation
    Drug rehabilitation
    Drug rehabilitation is a term for the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment, for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and so-called street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines...
    
     and detoxification

Ophthalmologic and otologic diagnosis and treatment

• Ophthalmologic and otologic diagnosis and treatment
  • General and subjective eye examination
    Eye examination
    An eye examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist, optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes....
    
    
    • Limited eye examination
      Eye examination
      An eye examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist, optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes....
      
      
    • Comprehensive eye examination
      Eye examination
      An eye examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist, optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes....
      
      
    • Extended ophthalmologic work-up
    • Eye examination
      Eye examination
      An eye examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist, optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes....
      
       under anesthesia
      Anesthesia
      Anesthesia, or anaesthesia , traditionally meant the condition of having sensation blocked or temporarily taken away...
      
      
    • Visual field study
    • Color vision study
    • Dark adaptation study
    • Eye examination
      Eye examination
      An eye examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist, optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes....
      
      , not otherwise specified
  • Examinations of form and structure of eye
    Eye examination
    An eye examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist, optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes....
    
    
    • Fundus photography
    • Fluorescein angiography
      Fluorescein angiography
      Intravenous Fluorescein angiography or fluorescent angiography is a technique for examining the circulation of the retina using the dye tracing method...
      
       or angioscopy
      Angioscopy
      Angioscopy is a medical technique for visualizing the interior of blood vessels. In this technique, a flexible fiberoptic catheter inserted directly into an artery. It can be helpful in diagnosing e.g. arterial embolism....
      
       of eye
      Eye
      Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement...
      
      
    • Ultrasound
      Ultrasound
      Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing. Ultrasound is thus not separated from "normal" sound based on differences in physical properties, only the fact that humans cannot hear it. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is...
      
       study of eye
      Eye
      Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement...
      
      
    • X-ray
      X-ray
      X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
      
       study of eye
      Eye
      Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement...
      
      
    • Ocular motility study
    • P32
      Phosphorus-32
      Phosphorus-32 is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus. The nucleus of phosphorus-32 contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons, one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus, phosphorus-31...
      
       and other tracer
      Radioactive tracer
      A radioactive tracer, also called a radioactive label, is a substance containing a radioisotope that is used to measure the speed of chemical processes and to track the movement of a substance through a natural system such as a cell or tissue...
      
       studies of eye
      Eye
      Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement...
      
      
  • Objective functional tests of eye
    Eye
    Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement...
    
    
    • Electroretinogram (ERG)
    • Electro-oculogram (EOG)
    • Visual evoked potential (VEP)
    • Electronystagmogram (ENG)
    • Electromyogram of eye (EMG)
    • Tonography, provocative tests, and other glaucoma
      Glaucoma
      Glaucoma is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve suffers damage, permanently damaging vision in the affected eye and progressing to complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye...
      
       testing
  • Special vision
    Visual system
    The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which enables organisms to process visual detail, as well as enabling several non-image forming photoresponse functions. It interprets information from visible light to build a representation of the surrounding world...
    
     services
  • Nonoperative procedures related to hearing
    Hearing (sense)
    Hearing is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations through an organ such as the ear. It is one of the traditional five senses...
    
    
    • Audiometry
      Audiometry
      Audiometry is the testing of hearing ability, involving thresholds and differing frequencies. Typically, audiometric tests determine a subject's hearing levels with the help of an audiometer, but may also measure ability to discriminate between different sound intensities, recognize pitch, or...
      
      
    • Clinical test of hearing
      Hearing test
      A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is most often performed by an audiologist using an audiometer. An audiometer is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies. There are other hearing tests as well, e.g...
      
      
    • Audiological evaluation
      Audiology
      Audiology is the branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Its practitioners, who treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage are audiologists. Employing various testing strategies Audiology (from Latin , "to hear"; and from Greek , -logia) is...
      
      
    • Clinical vestibular function tests
    • Rotation tests
    • Other nonoperative procedures related to hearing
      Hearing (sense)
      Hearing is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations through an organ such as the ear. It is one of the traditional five senses...
      
      

Nonoperative intubation

Intubation

Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic or rubber tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs...

 and irrigation

Irrigation

Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...

• Nonoperative intubation
  Intubation
  Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic or rubber tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs...
  
   and irrigation
  Irrigation
  Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
  
  
  • Nonoperative intubation
    Intubation
    Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic or rubber tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs...
    
     of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
    Respiratory tract
    In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy involved with the process of respiration.The respiratory tract is divided into 3 segments:*Upper respiratory tract: nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and throat or pharynx...
    
    s
    • Insertion of nasopharyngeal airway
      Nasopharyngeal airway
      In medicine, a nasopharyngeal airway, also known as an NPA or a nasal trumpet because of its flared end, a type of airway adjunct, is a tube that is designed to be inserted into the nasal passageway to secure an open airway. When a patient becomes unconscious, the muscles in the jaw commonly relax...
      
      
    • Insertion of oropharyngeal airway
      Oropharyngeal airway
      An oropharyngeal airway is a medical device called an airway adjunct used to maintain a patent airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from covering the epiglottis, which could prevent the person from breathing...
      
      
    • Insertion of esophageal obturator airway
    • Insertion of endotracheal tube
    • Other intubation
      Intubation
      Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic or rubber tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs...
      
       of respiratory tract
      Respiratory tract
      In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy involved with the process of respiration.The respiratory tract is divided into 3 segments:*Upper respiratory tract: nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and throat or pharynx...
      
      
    • Insertion of Sengstaken tube
      • Esophageal tamponade
    • Insertion of other (naso-)gastric tube
    • Insertion of (naso-)intestinal tube
      • Miller-Abbott tube
        Miller-Abbott tube
        A Miller–Abbott tube is a tube used to treat obstructions in the small intestine through intubation. It was developed in 1934 by William Osler Abbott and Thomas Grier Miller. The device is around long and has a distal balloon at one end. It is made up of two tubes, one for inflating the ballon...
        
         (for decompression)
    • Insertion of rectal tube
  • Other nonoperative insertion
  • Nonoperative dilation and manipulation
  • Nonoperative alimentary tract irrigation
    Irrigation
    Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
    
    , cleaning, and local instillation
    • Gastric cooling
    • Gastric freezing
    • Gastric lavage
      Gastric lavage
      Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or Gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach. It has been used for over 200 years as a means of eliminating poisons from the stomach. Such devices are normally used on a person who has ingested a poison or...
      
      
    • Other irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of (naso-)gastric tube
    • Gastric gavage
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of gastrostomy
      Gastrostomy
      Gastrostomy refers to a surgical opening into the stomach. Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression....
      
       or enterostomy
    • Proctoclysis
    • Removal of impacted feces
  • Nonoperative irrigation
    Irrigation
    Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
    
    , cleaning, and local instillation of other digestive
    Digestion
    Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones....
    
     and genitourinary organs
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of cholecystostomy
      Cholecystostomy
      A cholecystostomy is a procedure where a stoma is created in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube for drainage....
      
       and other biliary tube
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of pancreatic tube
    • Digestive tract instillation, except gastric gavage
    • Vaginal douche
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of nephrostomy
      Nephrostomy
      A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system ....
      
       and pyelostomy
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of ureterostomy
      Ureterostomy
      A ureterostomy is the creation of a stoma for a ureter or kidney.The procedure is performed to divert the flow of urine away from the bladder when the bladder is not functioning or has been removed.Indications may include:...
      
       and ureteral catheter
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of cystostomy
    • Irrigation
      Irrigation
      Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
      
       of other indwelling urinary catheter
    • Other genitourinary instillation
  • Other nonoperative irrigation
    Irrigation
    Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
    
     and cleaning
  • Enteral infusion of concentrated nutritional substances
  • Other continuous invasive mechanical ventilation
    Mechanical ventilation
    In medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by a physician, respiratory therapist or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows...
    
    

Replacement and removal of therapeutic appliances/nonoperative removal of foreign body or calculus

Calculus

Calculus is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of modern mathematics education. It has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus, which are related by the fundamental theorem...

• Replacement and removal of therapeutic appliances
  • Nonoperative replacement of gastrointestinal appliance
  • Nonoperative replacement of musculoskeletal and integumentary system
    Integumentary system
    The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages...
    
     appliance
    Appliance
    Appliance may refer to:* Home appliance, household machines, using electricity or some other energy input** Small appliances** Major appliances...
    
    
  • Other nonoperative replacement
  • [Nonoperative removal of therapeutic device from head and neck
  • Nonoperative removal of therapeutic device from thorax
  • Nonoperative removal of therapeutic device from digestive system
  • Nonoperative removal of therapeutic device from urinary system
    Urinary system
    The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra.-Kidney:...
    
    
  • Nonoperative removal of therapeutic device from genital system
  • Other nonoperative removal of therapeutic device

• Nonoperative removal of foreign body or calculus
  Calculus
  Calculus is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of modern mathematics education. It has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus, which are related by the fundamental theorem...
  
  
  • Removal of intraluminal foreign body
    Foreign body
    A foreign body is any object originating outside the body. In machinery, it can mean any unwanted intruding object.Most references to foreign bodies involve propulsion through natural orifices into hollow organs....
    
     from digestive system without incision
  • Removal of intraluminal foreign body
    Foreign body
    A foreign body is any object originating outside the body. In machinery, it can mean any unwanted intruding object.Most references to foreign bodies involve propulsion through natural orifices into hollow organs....
    
     from other sites without incision
  • Removal of other foreign body
    Foreign body
    A foreign body is any object originating outside the body. In machinery, it can mean any unwanted intruding object.Most references to foreign bodies involve propulsion through natural orifices into hollow organs....
    
     without incision
  • Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Other nonoperative procedures

• Other nonoperative procedures
  • Transfusion of blood and blood components
  • Injection
    Injection (medicine)
    An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
    
     or infusion
    Infusion
    An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
    
     of therapeutic or prophylactic substance
  • Injection
    Injection (medicine)
    An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
    
     or infusion
    Infusion
    An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
    
     of other therapeutic or prophylactic substance
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       or infusion
      Infusion
      An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
      
       of platelet inhibitor
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       of antibiotic
      Antibiotic
      An antibacterial is a compound or substance that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria.The term is often used synonymously with the term antibiotic; today, however, with increased knowledge of the causative agents of various infectious diseases, antibiotic has come to denote a broader range of...
      
      
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       of other anti-infective
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       of steroid
      Steroid
      A steroid is a type of organic compound that contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other. Examples of steroids include the dietary fat cholesterol, the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.The core...
      
      
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       of other hormone
      Hormone
      A hormone is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism. Only a small amount of hormone is required to alter cell metabolism. In essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one...
      
      
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       or infusion
      Infusion
      An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
      
       of cancer
      Cancer
      Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
      
       chemotherapeutic substance
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       of tranquilizer
      Tranquilizer
      A tranquilizer, or tranquilliser , is a drug that induces tranquility in an individual.The term "tranquilizer" is imprecise, and is usually qualified, or replaced with more precise terms:...
      
      
    • Iontophoresis
      Iontophoresis
      Iontophoresis is a technique using a small electric charge to deliver a medicine or other chemical through the skin. It is basically an injection without the needle...
      
      
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       or infusion
      Infusion
      An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
      
       of biological response modifier (BRM) as an antineoplastic agent
    • Injection
      Injection (medicine)
      An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
      
       or infusion
      Infusion
      An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
      
       of other therapeutic or prophylactic substance
  • Prophylactic vaccination
    Vaccination
    Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop adaptive immunity to a disease. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by many pathogens...
    
     and inoculation
    Inoculation
    Inoculation is the placement of something that will grow or reproduce, and is most commonly used in respect of the introduction of a serum, vaccine, or antigenic substance into the body of a human or animal, especially to produce or boost immunity to a specific disease...
    
     against certain bacterial diseases
  • Prophylactic vaccination
    Vaccination
    Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop adaptive immunity to a disease. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by many pathogens...
    
     and inoculation
    Inoculation
    Inoculation is the placement of something that will grow or reproduce, and is most commonly used in respect of the introduction of a serum, vaccine, or antigenic substance into the body of a human or animal, especially to produce or boost immunity to a specific disease...
    
     against certain viral diseases
  • Other vaccination
    Vaccination
    Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop adaptive immunity to a disease. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by many pathogens...
    
     and inoculation
    Inoculation
    Inoculation is the placement of something that will grow or reproduce, and is most commonly used in respect of the introduction of a serum, vaccine, or antigenic substance into the body of a human or animal, especially to produce or boost immunity to a specific disease...
    
    
  • Conversion of cardiac rhythm
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
      Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
      Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency procedure which is performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest. It is indicated in those who are unresponsive...
      
      , not otherwise specified
    • Atrial cardioversion
    • Other electric countershock of heart
    • Closed chest cardiac massage
    • Carotid sinus stimulation
    • Other conversion of cardiac rhythm
  • Therapeutic apheresis
    Apheresis
    Apheresis is a medical technology in which the blood of a donor or patient is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation...
    
     or other injection, administration, or infusion
    Infusion
    An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with desired chemical compounds or flavors in water or oil.-History:The first recorded use of essential oils was in the 10th or 11th century by the Persian polymath Avicenna, possibly in The Canon of Medicine.-Preparation techniques:An infusion is very...
    
     of other therapeutic or prophylactic substance
  • Miscellaneous physical procedures
    • Hypothermia
      Hypothermia
      Hypothermia is a condition in which core temperature drops below the required temperature for normal metabolism and body functions which is defined as . Body temperature is usually maintained near a constant level of through biologic homeostasis or thermoregulation...
      
       (central) (local)
    • Ultraviolet light therapy
    • Other phototherapy
    • Isolation
      Isolation (psychology)
      Isolation is a defence mechanism in psychoanalytic theory, whereby the person "isolates" the unpleasant idea from the normal emotional response. For example, describing a murder in graphic details without an emotional involvement invokes isolation....
      
      
    • Hyperthermia for treatment of cancer
      Hyperthermia therapy
      Hyperthermia therapy is a type of medical treatment in which body tissue is exposed to slightly higher temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anti-cancer drugs...
      
      
    • Non-invasive placement of bone growth stimulator
    • Therapeutic photopheresis
      Photopheresis
      In medicine, photopheresis or extracorporeal photopheresis is a form of apheresis and photodynamic therapy in which blood is treated with photoactivable drugs which are then activated with ultraviolet light....
      
      
  • Other miscellaneous procedures

External links

• Tabular index of codes