Belarus (Białoruś)

• Ashmyany Oszmiana
• Astraviec
  Astraviec
  Astraviec is a city in the Hrodna Province of Belarus, an administrative center of the Astravets Raion.On 11 October 2011 an agreement was signed to build Belarus’ first nuclear power plant near the city, using two VVER reactors with active and passive safety systems. The first unit is planned to...
  
   Ostrowiec
• Babruysk
  Babruysk
  Babruysk or Bobruysk is a city in the Mahilyow Voblast of Belarus on the Berezina river. It is a large city in Belarus with a population of approximately 227,000 people . The name Babruysk probably originates from the Belarusian word babyor , many of which used to inhabit the Berezina...
  
   Bobrujsk
• Baranovichi
  Baranovichi
  Baranovichi , is a city in the Brest Province of western Belarus with a population of 173,000. It is a significant railway junction and home to a state university.-Overview:...
  
   Baranowicze
• Biaroza
  Biaroza
  Biaroza is a town of 31 000 inhabitants in Western Belarus in Brest voblast, center of the Biaroza rayon.- History :The village of Biaroza was first mentioned in 1477 as part of the Slonim paviet. In the 15th century, the village probably received the town charter. Between 1538 and 1600 it was...
  
   Bereza Kartuska
• Brasłaŭ Brasław
• Brest
  Brest, Belarus
  Brest , formerly also Brest-on-the-Bug and Brest-Litovsk , is a city in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the city of Terespol, where the Bug River and Mukhavets rivers meet...
  
   Brześć nad Bugiem/Brześć Litewski
• Drahichyn Drohiczyn
• Dziarzhynava Dzierżynowo
• Dzyarzhynsk
  Dzyarzhynsk
  Dzyarzhynsk or Dzerzhinsk; formerly "Koidanova" , in the Stoubcy district of Belarus, is a city with a history dating to the 11th century.-1st century–17th century:...
  
   Kojdanów
• Hantsavichy Hancewicze
• Hrodna
  Hrodna
  Grodno or Hrodna , is a city in Belarus. It is located on the Neman River , close to the borders of Poland and Lithuania . It has 327,540 inhabitants...
  
   Grodno
• Ivanava
  Ivanava
  Ivanava is a city in the Brest Province of Belarus, an administrative center of the Ivanava district.First mentioned in 14th century, initially it was a village named Porkhovo. In 1423 it was granted by the king Władysław Jagiełło to the cathedral in Lutsk. Renamed to Janów, in 1465 it was granted...
  
   Janów Poleski
• Kamyanyets Kamieniec Litewski
• Karelichy Korelicze
• Kobryn
  Kobryn
  Kobryn or Kobrin is a city in the Brest voblast of Belarus and the center of the Kobryn Raion. The city is located in the southwestern corner of Belarus where the Mukhavets River and Dnepr-Bug Canal meet. The city lies about 52 km east of the city of Brest. Kobryn is located at Latitude...
  
   Kobryń
• Lakhva
  Lakhva
  Lakhva is a small town in southern Belarus, with a population of approximately 2100. Lakhva is considered to have been the location of one of the first, and possibly the first, Jewish ghetto uprisings of the Second World War.-Geography:Lakhva is located in the Luninets district of the Brest...
  
   Łachwa
• Maladzyechna
  Maladzyechna
  Maladzyechna , is a city in the Minsk Voblast of Belarus, an administrative centre of the Maladzyechna district . It has 98,514 inhabitants and is located 72 km northwest of Minsk. Located on the Usha River, it has been a settlement since 1388 when it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania...
  
   Mołodeczno
• Mahilau
  Mogilev
  Mogilev is a city in eastern Belarus, about 76 km from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and 105 km from the border with Russia's Bryansk Oblast. It has more than 367,788 inhabitants...
  
   Mohylew
• Mazyr
  Mazyr
  Mazyr, also Mozyr is a city in the Homiel Province of Belarus on the Pripyat River about 210 km east of Pinsk and 100 km northwest of Chernobyl and is located at approximately . The population is 111,770 . The total urban area including Kalinkavičy across the river has a population of...
  
   Mozyr/Mozyrz
• Navahrudak Nowogródek
• Niasviž Nieśwież
• Orsha
  Orsha
  Orsha is a city in Belarus in Vitebsk voblast on the fork of the Dnieper and Arshytsa rivers.-Facts:*Location: *Population: 125,000 *Phone code: +375 216*Postal codes: 211030, 211381–211394, 211396–211398-History:...
  
   Orsza
• Pinsk
  Pinsk
  Pinsk , a town in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pripyat, at the confluence of the Strumen and Pina rivers. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk. It is a fertile agricultural center. It lies south-west of Minsk. The population is about 130,000...
  
   Pińsk
• Polatsk
  Polatsk
  Polotsk , is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. It is the center of Polotsk district in Vitsebsk Voblast. Its population is more than 80,000 people...
  
   Połock
• Shchuchyn Szczuczyn
• Smarhon
  Smarhoń
  Smarhoń is a city in Hrodna Voblast, Belarus. It is located at . It was the site of Smarhoń air base, now mostly abandoned. Smarhoń is located 107 km from the capital, Minsk....
  
   Smorgonie
• Svislach
  Svislach
  Svislach is a town in the South-West of Hrodna voblast, Belarus, an administrative center of the Svislach district.It is connected with Vaŭkavysk by a railroad branch and with Hrodna by a highway...
  
   Swisłocz
• Vaŭkavysk
  Vaukavysk
  Vawkavysk or Vaŭkavysk or Volkovysk is a town in the Hrodna Province of Belarus. It is the center of Vaŭkavysk district and has a population of around 48,000....
  
   Wołkowysk
• Vileyka
  Vileyka
  Vileyka – town in Republic of Belarus, the capital of the Vileyka Raion in the Minsk Voblast. It is located on the river Viliya, 100 km to northwest from Minsk. First documental record: 16 November 1460....
  
   Wilejka
• Vitsyebsk
  Vitebsk
  Vitebsk, also known as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk , is a city in Belarus, near the border with Russia. The capital of the Vitebsk Oblast, in 2004 it had 342,381 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth largest city...
  
   Witebsk

Belgium (Belgia)

• Antwerpen Antwerpia
• Brugge
  Bruges
  Bruges is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located in the northwest of the country....
  
   Brugia
• Brussel-Bruxelles
  Brussels
  Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
  
   Bruksela
• Gent
  Ghent
  Ghent is a city and a municipality located in the Flemish region of Belgium. It is the capital and biggest city of the East Flanders province. The city started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Lys and in the Middle Ages became one of the largest and richest cities of...
  
   Gandawa
• Oostende
  Ostend
  Ostend  is a Belgian city and municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke , Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast....
  
   Ostenda

Czech Republic (Czechy)

• České Budějovice
  Ceské Budejovice
  České Budějovice is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the South Bohemian Region and is the political and commercial capital of the region and centre of the Roman Catholic Diocese of České Budějovice and of the University of South Bohemia and the Academy of Sciences...
  
   Czeskie Budziejowice
• Hradec Králové
  Hradec Králové
  Hradec Králové is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, and electronics manufacture. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing – the best known being PETROF pianos...
  
   Hradec Królowej
• Jihlava
  Jihlava
  Jihlava is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is a centre of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava river on the ancient frontier between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, ca. 50 years older than Kutná Hora.Among the principal buildings are the...
  
   Igława
• Jičín
  Jicín
  Jičín is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It lies approximately 85 km northeast of Prague in the scenic region of the Bohemian Paradise under the Prachov Rocks ....
  
   Jiczyn
• Jihlava
  Jihlava
  Jihlava is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is a centre of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava river on the ancient frontier between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, ca. 50 years older than Kutná Hora.Among the principal buildings are the...
  
   Igława
• Karlovy Vary
  Karlovy Vary
  Karlovy Vary is a spa city situated in western Bohemia, Czech Republic, on the confluence of the rivers Ohře and Teplá, approximately west of Prague . It is named after King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded the city in 1370...
  
   Karlowe Wary
• Kopřivnice
  Koprivnice
  Kopřivnice is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has cca 23,500 inhabitants.- History :In 1850, both of the former villages, Drnholec nad Lubinou and Větřkovice, became a part of the political district of Nový Jičín within the judicial district Příbor...
  
   Koprzywnica
• Krnov
  Krnov
  Krnov is an Upper Silesian city in the northeastern Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region, the District of Bruntál, on the Opava River, near the Polish border....
  
   Karniów
• Kroměříž
  Kromeríž
  Kroměříž is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. The town's main landmark is the Baroque Kroměříž Bishop's Palace, where some scenes from Amadeus and Immortal Beloved were filmed...
  
   Kromierzyż
• Litoměřice
  Litomerice
  Litoměřice is a town at the junction of the rivers Elbe and Ohře in the north part of the Czech Republic, approximately 64 km northwest of Prague....
  
   Litomierzyce
• Mělník
  Melnik
  -Places:Bulgaria* Melnik, Bulgaria, a town in Bulgaria* Shiroka Melnishka Losa, a Bulgarian wine grape also known as MelnikCzech Republic* Mělník, a townUnited States* Melnik, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community...
  
   Mielnik
• Nový Jičín
  Nový Jicín
  Nový Jičín is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has ca. 26,500 inhabitants. The city is situated on the spurs of the Carpathian Mountains about from the Czech Republic's 3rd biggest city, Ostrava...
  
   Nowy Jiczyn
• Oderské vrchy Góry Odrzańskie
• Olomouc
  Olomouc
  Olomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. The city is located on the Morava river and is the ecclesiastical metropolis and historical capital city of Moravia. Nowadays, it is an administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and sixth largest city in the Czech Republic...
  
   Ołomuniec
• Opava
  Opava
  Opava is a city in the northern Czech Republic on the river Opava, located to the north-west of Ostrava. The historical capital of Czech Silesia, Opava is now in the Moravian-Silesian Region and has a population of 59,843 as of January 1, 2005....
  
   Opawa
• Ostrava
  Ostrava
  Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic and the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. Located close to the Polish border, it is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence. Ostrava was candidate for the...
  
   Ostrawa
• Plzeň Pilzno
• Praha
  Prague
  Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
  
   Praga
• Přerov
  Prerov
  Přerov is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic where the Bečva river flows through. Přerov is a statute town . It has population of about 47,373 to January 2, 2008. Přerov is about 22 km south west of Olomouc. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the...
  
   Przerów
• Příbram
  Príbram
  Příbram is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 35,147. The city is located on the Litavka river and the foothills of Brdy, 60 kilometers south-west of Prague, the country's capital...
  
   Przybram
• Prostějov
  Prostejov
  Prostějov is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Today the city is known for its fashion industry and special military forces based there....
  
   Prościejów
• Slavkov u Brna
  Slavkov u Brna
  Slavkov u Brna is a country town east of Brno in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Population: 5,900. The town is widely known for giving its name to the Battle of Austerlitz which actually took place several kilometres to the west of the town....
  
   Sławków
• Špindlerův Mlýn
  Špindleruv Mlýn
  Špindlerův Mlýn is a town in the Czech Republic in the Krkonoše. It received its name after a mill belonging to Spindler's family, where neighbours used to meet...
  
   Szpindlerowy Młyn
• Šumperk
  Šumperk
  Šumperk is a town and district in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is called "The Gate to Jeseníky mountains."- History :Šumperk was founded by German colonists in 1269. The German name Schönberg means "beautiful hill", and the name Šumperk is a Czech garbling of the original German...
  
   Szumperk
• Teplice
  Teplice
  Teplice , Teplice-Šanov until 1948 is a town in the Czech Republic, the capital of the Teplice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region. It is the state's second largest spa town ....
  
   Cieplice
• Ústí nad Labem
  Ústí nad Labem
  Ústí nad Labem is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Ústí nad Labem Region. The city is the 7th-most populous in the country.Ústí is situated in a mountainous district at the confluence of the Bílina and the Elbe Rivers, and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway junction...
  
   Ujście nad Łabą

Estonia

• Aluliina Marienburg
• Antsla
  Antsla
  Antsla is a town in Võru County, southern Estonia, it's the administrative centre of Antsla Parish. Town has a population of 1,650 ....
  
   Anzen
• Emajõgi
  Emajõgi
  The Emajõgi is a river in Estonia which flows from Lake Võrtsjärv through Tartu County into Lake Peipus, crossing the city of Tartu for 10 km. It has a length of 100 km...
  
   Ema
• Ermistu
  Ermistu
  Ermistu is a village in Tõstamaa Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It has a population of 55 .Lake Ermistu is located on the western side of the village....
  
   Ermes
• Haapsalu
  Haapsalu
  Haapsalu is a seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia. It's the administrative centre of Lääne County and has a population of 11,618 ....
  
   Hapsal
• Haljala
  Haljala
  Haljala is a small community in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Haljala Parish.-External links:*...
  
   Haljal
• Heinaste Andzel
• Helme
  Helme
  Helme may refer to:* Helme a long river in central Germany*Helme Parish, a rural municipality in Valga County, Estonia**Helme, a small borough in Helme Parish**Helme Castle in Helme...
  
   Helmet
• Hiiumaa
  Hiiumaa
  Hiiumaa is the second largest island belonging to Estonia. It is located in the Baltic Sea, north of the island of Saaremaa, a part of the West Estonian archipelago. Its largest town is Kärdla.-Name:...
  
   Dago
• Irboska Izborsk
• Jaanilinn Iwangorod
• Jõhvi
  Jõhvi
  Jõhvi is a town in north-eastern Estonia, and the capital of Ida-Viru County. The town is also an administrative centre of Jõhvi Parish. It is situated 50 km from the Russian border....
  
   Jewe
• Karksi
  Karksi
  Karksi is a village in Karksi Parish in Viljandi County in southern Estonia. It is located near the town Karksi-Nuia.-External links:* - Karksi Parish official site* - Global Gazetteer Version 2.1...
  
   Karkus
• Kirumpää Kirumpa
• Koivaliina Adsel
• Kolga-Jaani
  Kolga-Jaani
  Kolga-Jaani is a small borough in Viljandi County, central Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Kolga-Jaani Parish. Kolga-Jaani has a population of 417.-External links:*...
  
   Klasztor Świętego Jana
• Kuusalu
  Kuusalu
  Kuusalu is a small borough in Harju County, northern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Kuusalu Parish. Kuusalu has a population of 1,220 .-Notable people:*Eduard Ahrens , clergyman and linguist...
  
   Kusal
• Laiuse
  Laiuse
  Laiuse is a small borough in Estonia. It is located in Jõgeva County and is a part of Jõgeva Parish. is one of the oldest in Estonia, being established in 1822. Laiuse is the location of the medieval Laiuse church. The church was first mentioned in 1319...
  
   Lais
• Lemsalu Lemsal
• Liivi laht Zatoka Ryska
• Märjamaa
  Märjamaa
  Märjamaa is a borough in Rapla County, Estonia. It is the administrative center of Märjamaa Parish. Märjamaa had a population of 3,108 as of 1 January 2008.-External links:*...
  
   Merjama
• Navesti jõgi Nawast
• Narva
  Narva
  Narva is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.-Early history:...
  
   Narwa
• Narva laht odnoga narwska
• Otepää
  Otepää
  Otepää is a town in Valga County, southern Estonia, it's the administrative centre of Otepää Parish. Town has a population of 2,189 . Otepää is a popular skiing resort, popularly known as the "winter capital" of Estonia...
  
   Odenpal
• Oudova Godow
• Paldiski
  Paldiski
  Paldiski is a town and Baltic Sea port situated on the Pakri peninsula of north-western Estonia. Originally a Swedish settlement known as Rågervik, it became a Russian naval base in the 18th century. The Russians renamed it Балтийский Порт Paldiski is a town and Baltic Sea port situated on the...
  
   Bałtycki Port
• Peetri (Kareda) (near Suure-Jaani
  Suure-Jaani
  Suure-Jaani is a town in the northern part of the county of Viljandimaa in Southern Central Estonia, 25 kilometres north of the town of Viljandi. Suure-Jaani is the centre of Suure-Jaani rural municipality.-History:...
  
  ) Klasztor Świętego Piotra
• Peipsi järv jezioro Pejpus
• Petseri klooster Monaster Peczerski
• Paide
  Paide
  Paide is the capital of Järva County, Estonia.A castle built by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword is located here. The town was formally founded 30 September 1291 by Halt, master of the Livonian Order....
  
   Biały Kamień
• Pihkva järv jezioro Pelba
• Põltsamaa
  Põltsamaa
  -External links:...
  
   Iberpol
• Pärnu
  Pärnu
  Pärnu is a city in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea. It is a popular summer vacation resort with many hotels, restaurants, and large beaches. The Pärnu River flows through the city and drains into the Gulf of Riga...
  
   Parnawa
• Pärnu vojevoodkond Województwo parnawskie
• Raanitsa
  Raanitsa
  Raanitsa is a village in Kambja Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia....
  
   Neuhof
• Rannu
  Rannu
  Rannu is a small borough in Tartu County, Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Rannu Parish.-External links:*...
  
   Randem
• Ruhja Rujen
• Rõngu
  Rõngu
  Rõngu is a small borough in Tartu County, southern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Rõngu Parish....
  
   Ringem
• Räpina
  Räpina
  Räpina is a town in Põlva County, Estonia. The administrative centre of Räpina Parish, it has a population of 2,867 .-External links:*...
  
   Rapina
• Saarde
  Saarde
  Saarde is a settlement in Vastseliina Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia....
  
   Saara
• Saaremaa
  Saaremaa
  Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...
  
   Ozylia
• Salatsi Salis
• Salatsi jõgi Salis
• Soome laht Zatoka Fińska
• Tallinn
  Tallinn
  Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list...
  
   Rewel, Koływań
• Tartu
  Tartu
  Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the...
  
   Dorpat
• Tartu vojevoodkond województwo dorpackie
• Tarvanpää Wesenberg
• Valga Walk
• Vastemõisa
  Vastemõisa
  Vastemõisa is a village in Suure-Jaani Parish, Viljandi County in central Estonia. It has a population of 435 . Until 2005 when Vastemõisa Parish was merged to Suure-Jaani Parish Vastemõisa was the administrative centre of Vastemõisa Parish....
  
   Wast
• Vastseliina
  Vastseliina
  Vastseliina is a small borough in Vastseliina Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.Vastseliina is the birthplace of wrestler and 1924 Olympic Gold Medalist Eduard Pütsep....
  
   Nowogród Inflancki
• Vigala Fickel
• Viljandi
  Viljandi
  Viljandi is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 19,150 . It is the capital of Viljandi County. The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe....
  
   Felin
• Võrtsjärv
  Võrtsjärv
  Lake Võrtsjärv is a lake in southern Estonia with an area of 270 km² . It is the second largest lake of Estonia. The shallow lake is 33.7 m above sea level. The river Emajõgi flows from Lake Võrtsjärv to Lake Peipus.-External links:**...
  
   jezioro Wirckie
• Üksküla Ikskulla

France (Francja)

• Avignon
  Avignon
  Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
  
   Awinion
• Dunkerque Dunkierka
• Le Havre
  Le Havre
  Le Havre is a city in the Seine-Maritime department of the Haute-Normandie region in France. It is situated in north-western France, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Seine on the English Channel. Le Havre is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total...
  
   Hawr
• Marseille
  Marseille
  Marseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...
  
   Marsylia
• Mulhouse
  Mulhouse
  Mulhouse |mill]] hamlet) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. With a population of 110,514 and 278,206 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2006, it is the largest city in the Haut-Rhin département, and the second largest in the Alsace region after...
  
   Miluza
• Nice
  Nice
  Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
  
   Nicea
• Orléans
  Orléans
  -Prehistory and Roman:Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire...
  
   Orlean
• Paris Paryż
• Strasbourg
  Strasbourg
  Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
  
   Strasburg ˈʃtʁasbʊʁk
• Toulon
  Toulon
  Toulon is a town in southern France and a large military harbor on the Mediterranean coast, with a major French naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur region, Toulon is the capital of the Var department in the former province of Provence....
  
   Tulon
• Toulouse
  Toulouse
  Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
  
   Tuluza
• Versailles
  Versailles
  Versailles , a city renowned for its château, the Palace of Versailles, was the de facto capital of the kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789. It is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and remains an important administrative and judicial centre...
  
   Wersal

Greece (Grecja)

• Athina
  Athens
  Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
  
   Ateny
• Kórinthos
  Corinth
  Corinth is a city and former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Corinth, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit...
  
   Korynt
• Ioannina
  Ioannina
  Ioannina , often called Jannena within Greece, is the largest city of Epirus, north-western Greece, with a population of 70,203 . It lies at an elevation of approximately 500 meters above sea level, on the western shore of lake Pamvotis . It is located within the Ioannina municipality, and is the...
  
   Janina
• Mykines
  Mykines
  Mykines is the western-most of the main 18 islands in the Faroe Islands. See also the only settlement on the island, Mykines.Only 11 people live in village Mykines all year around. The oldest inhabitant is 75 and the youngest is 6 years old....
  
   Mykeny
• Patras
  Patras
  Patras , ) is Greece's third largest urban area and the regional capital of West Greece, located in northern Peloponnese, 215 kilometers west of Athens...
  
   Patras
• Piraefs
  Piraeus
  Piraeus is a city in the region of Attica, Greece. Piraeus is located within the Athens Urban Area, 12 km southwest from its city center , and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf....
  
   Pireus
• Thessaloniki
  Thessaloniki
  Thessaloniki , historically also known as Thessalonica, Salonika or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the region of Central Macedonia as well as the capital of the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace...
  
   Saloniki

Hungary (Węgry)

• Budapest
  Budapest
  Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
  
   Budapeszt
• Debrecen
  Debrecen
  Debrecen , is the second largest city in Hungary after Budapest. Debrecen is the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar county.- Name :...
  
   Debreczyn
• Eger
  Eger
  Eger is the second largest city in Northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, historic buildings , and red and white wines.- Name :...
  
   Jagier
• Esztergom
  Esztergom
  Esztergom , is a city in northern Hungary, 46 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there....
  
   Ostrzyhom
• Komarom
  Komárom
  Komárom is a city in Hungary on the right bank of the Danube in Komárom-Esztergom county.The city of Komárom was formerly a separate suburban village called...
  
   Komarno
• Pécs
  Pécs
  Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
  
   Pecz, Pięciokościoły
• Szeged
  Szeged
  ' is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county town of Csongrád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary....
  
   Segedyn
• Szekesfehervar
  Székesfehérvár
  Székesfehérvár is a city in central Hungary and is the 9th largest in the country. Located around southwest of Budapest. It is inhabited by 101,973 people , with 136,995 in the Székesfehérvár Subregion. The city is the centre of Fejér county and the regional centre of Central Transdanubia...
  
   Białogród
• Vác
  Vác
  Vác is a town in Pest county in Hungary with approximately 35,000 inhabitants. The archaic spellings of the name are Vacz and Vacs.-Location:...
  
   Waców
• Miskolc
  Miskolc
  Miskolc is a city in northeastern Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 170,000 Miskolc is the fourth largest city of Hungary It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.- Geography :Miskolc is located...
  
   Miszkolc

Italy (Włochy)

• Ancona
  Ancona
  Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche region, in central Italy, with a population of 101,909 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region....
  
   Ankona
• Assisi
  Assisi
  - Churches :* The Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi is a World Heritage Site. The Franciscan monastery, il Sacro Convento, and the lower and upper church of St Francis were begun immediately after his canonization in 1228, and completed in 1253...
  
   Asyż
• Bologna
  Bologna
  Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
  
   Bolonia
• Catania
  Catania
  Catania is an Italian city on the east coast of Sicily facing the Ionian Sea, between Messina and Syracuse. It is the capital of the homonymous province, and with 298,957 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in Sicily and the tenth in Italy.Catania is known to have a seismic history and...
  
   Katania
• Firenze
  Florence
  Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
  
   Florencja
• Genova
  Genoa
  Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
  
   Genua
• Gorizia
  Gorizia
  Gorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
  
   Gorycja
• Lucca
  Lucca
  Lucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plainnear the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Lucca...
  
   Lukka
• Mantova
  Mantua
  Mantua is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the same name. Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family, made it one of the main artistic, cultural and notably musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole...
  
   Mantua
• Messina
  Messina, Italy
  Messina is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, Italy and the capital of the province of Messina. It has a population of about 250,000 inhabitants in the city proper and about 650,000 in the province...
  
   Mesyna
• Milan
  Milan
  Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
  
  o Mediolan
• Napoli
  Naples
  Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
  
   Neapol
• Padova Padwa
• Pisa
  Pisa
  Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa...
  
   Piza
• Ravenna
  Ravenna
  Ravenna is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and the second largest comune in Italy by land area, although, at , it is little more than half the size of the largest comune, Rome...
  
   Rawenna
• Roma
  Rome
  Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
  
   Rzym
• Siracusa
  Syracuse, Italy
  Syracuse is a historic city in Sicily, the capital of the province of Syracuse. The city is notable for its rich Greek history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture, and as the birthplace of the preeminent mathematician and engineer Archimedes. This 2,700-year-old city played a key role in...
  
   Syrakuzy
• Taranto
  Taranto
  Taranto is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base....
  
   Tarent
• Tarvisio
  Tarvisio
  Tarvisio is a town in the Province of Udine, in the northeastern part of the autonomous Friuli–Venezia Giulia region in Italy...
  
   Tarwis
• Trento
  Trento
  Trento is an Italian city located in the Adige River valley in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It is the capital of Trentino...
  
   Trydent
• Trieste
  Trieste
  Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
  
   Triest
• Torino
  Turin
  Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
  
   Turyn
• Venezia
  Venice
  Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
  
   Wenecja
• Verona
  Verona
  Verona ; German Bern, Dietrichsbern or Welschbern) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, with approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven chef-lieus of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third of North-Eastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona...
  
   Werona

Latvia (Łotwa)

• Ainaži
  Ainaži
  Ainaži is a harbour town in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. The town is located near the Estonian border on the site of an ancient Liv fishing village. Before 1917, it was known by its German name Haynasch ....
  
   Andzel
• Aizpute
  Aizpute
  Aizpute is a town in western Latvia's Aizpute municipality in the valley of Tebra River, northeast of Liepāja.-History:It was founded as the castle of Hasenpoth of a German Crusaders order in 1248 and was granted the Magdeburg rights in 1378....
  
   Hazenpot
• Alūksne
  Aluksne
  Alūksne is a town on the shores of Lake Alūksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. It is the seat of Alūksne municipality.- History :...
  
   Marienburg
• Bauska
  Bauska
  Bauska is a town in Bauska municipality, in the Zemgale region of southern Latvia. The town is situated at the confluence of the rivers Mūsa and Mēmele where they form the Lielupe River...
  
   Bowsk
• Cēsis
  Cesis
  Cēsis , is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Central Vidzeme Upland. Cēsis is on the Gauja River valley, and is built on a series of ridges above the river overlooking the woods below...
  
   Kieś, Weneden
• Daugavpils
  Daugavpils
  Daugavpils is a city in southeastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city gets its name. Daugavpils literally means "Daugava Castle". With a population of over 100,000, it is the second largest city in the country after the capital Riga, which is located some...
  
  Dyneburg
• Rīgas jūras līcis
  Gulf of Riga
  The Gulf of Riga, or Bay of Riga, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. According to C.Michael Hogan, a saline stratification layer is found at a depth of approximately seventy metres....
  
   Zatoka Ryska
• Ikšķile
  Ikškile
  Ikšķile is a town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Ikšķile municipality. It was the first capital of the catholic bishopric of Livonia, known by the German name of Üxküll. Saint Meinhard, known from the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, was the first bishop of Üxküll. In 1197 Berthold of...
  
   Ikskułła
• Ilukste
  Ilukste
  - History :Ilūkste was first mentioned in 1559, part of the estate lands of Count Kasper Zibergs.By 1795, thanks to its strategic location at the crossroads of Lithuania, Belarus and Daugavpils, Ilūkste became an important trade city and regional center, with 50 churches, 15 schools, and 150 taverns...
  
   Iłukszta
• Jēkabpils
  Jekabpils
  Jēkabpils is a city in Selonia, Latvia roughly halfway between Riga and Daugavpils. The Daugava River runs through the town, and the ancient valley, branches, and islands of the river are considered picturesque...
  
   Jakobsztat
• Jelgava
  Jelgava
  -Sports:The city's main football team, FK Jelgava, plays in the Latvian Higher League and won the 2009/2010 Latvian Football Cup.- Notable people :*August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein - linguist, folklorist, ethnographer...
  
   Mitawa
• Koknese
  Koknese
  Koknese is a historic town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Koknese municipality on the right bank of the Daugava River. It has a population of nearly 3,000.-History:...
  
   Kokenhuza
• Kraslava
  Kraslava
  Krāslava is a major town in Krāslava municipality, in the Latgalia region of eastern Latvia.-History:* Krāslava was an important hillfort on the waterway from Variags to Greeks since early Middle Ages, part of the orthodox Principality of Jersika in 13th century.* In 1558 was mentioned for the...
  
   Krasław
• Kuldīga
  Kuldiga
  Kuldīga is a town in western Latvia. It is the center of Kuldīga municipality with a population of approximately 13,500.Kuldīga was first mentioned in 1242. It joined the Hanseatic League in 1368...
  
   Goldynga
• Liepāja
  Liepaja
  Liepāja ; ), is a republican city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea directly at 21°E. It is the largest city in the Kurzeme Region of Latvia, the third largest city in Latvia after Riga and Daugavpils and an important ice-free port...
  
   Lipawa
• Limbaži
  Limbaži
  Limbaži is a town in the Vidzeme region of northern Latvia. Limbaži is located 90 km northeast of the capital Riga. The population is 8705 people. During the Middle Ages, as part of Livonia, Limbazi was a fortified town with stone walls, second in importance only to Riga.-Etymology:The name...
  
   Lemsal
• Ludza
  Ludza
  Ludza is a town in the Latgalia region of eastern Latvia. The population as of 2004 was 10,247.Until July 1, 2009 Ludza was the administrative centre of Ludza District...
  
   Lucyn
• Piltene
  Piltene
  -Population:Population : 40,000 -History:*September 1234: Bishopric of Courland established , consisting of three separate enclaves after numerous distributions of the Couronian lands among the Bishops of Courland, and of Riga, and the Teutonic Order.*1290: The cathedral chapter is incorporated...
  
   Piltyń
• Preili
  Preili
  -References:...
  
   Prele
• Rēzekne
  Rezekne
  In the 19th century, the population of Rēzekne was 2/3 Jewish. As a result of the Pale of Settlement many Jews settled in Latgalia and were confined to the cities. The remainder of the population included Poles, Germans, Russians, and an extreme minority of native Latgalians...
  
   Rzeżyca
• Riga
  Riga
  Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,...
  
   Ryga
• Rūjiena
  Rujiena
  -Notable people:Arturs Alberings, Prime Minister of Latvia from 7 May 1926 to 18 December, 1926.Gustav Klutsis Constructivist Photographer and Graphic DesignerMoses Wolf Goldberg, chemist, was born here in 1905.-External links:*...
  
   Rujen
• Salacgrīva
  Salacgriva
  Salacgrīva is a town in Limbaži County, in the Vidzeme region of northern Latvia. The town has a port, situated on the mouth of the Salaca river and the Gulf of Riga...
  
   Salis
• Valka
  Valka
  Valka is a town in northern Latvia, on the border with Estonia.Valka and the Estonian town Valga are twins, separated by the Estonian/Latvian border but using the slogan "One Town, Two States". The border dividing the Livonian town of Walk was marked out in 1920 by an international jury headed by...
  
   Wałk
• Valmiera
  Valmiera
  Valmiera is the largest city of the historical Vidzeme region, Latvia, with a total area of 18.1 km². It is the center of the Valmiera District. As of 2002, Valmiera had a population of 27,323, and in 2008 – 27,569....
  
   Wolmar
• Ventspils
  Ventspils
  Ventspils is a city in northwestern Latvia in the Courland historical region of Latvia, the sixth largest city in the country. As of 2006, Ventspils had a population of 43,806. Ventspils is situated on the Venta River and the Baltic Sea, and has an ice-free port...
  
   Windawa

Lithuania (Litwa)

• Alytus
  Alytus
  Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County. Its population in 2007 was 68,835. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. The major highways linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai, and...
  
   Olita
• Biržai
  Biržai
  Biržai is a city in northern Lithuania. Biržai is famous for its reconstructed Biržai Castle manor, and the whole region is renowned for its many traditional-recipe beer breweries.-Names:...
  
   Birża
• Druskininkai
  Druskininkai
  Druskininkai is a spa town on the Neman River in southern Lithuania, close to the borders of Belarus and Poland. The city of Druskininkai has a population of 18,233 and dates back as a spa resort to the 19th century.-Names:...
  
   Druskienniki
• Eišiškės
  Eišiškes
  Eišiškės ) is a city in southeastern Lithuania on the border with Belarus. It is situated on a small group of hills, surrounded by marshy valley of Verseka and Dumblė Rivers. Rivers divide the town into two parts; the northern part is called Jurzdika. As of January 2008, Eišiškės had a population...
  
   Ejszyszki
• Garliava
  Garliava
  Garliava , is a city in Lithuania, considered a suburb of Kaunas. Garliava is located south from the center of Kaunas. In 1809 Józef Godlewski built a Holy Trinity church and named it Godlewo in his own honour, although Lithuanians started calling it Garliava. This year is generally viewed as the...
  
   Godlewo
• Jonava
  Jonava
  Jonava is the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of ca 35,000.It is located in Kaunas County in central Lithuania, north east of Kaunas, the second-largest city in Lithuania. It is served by Kaunas International Airport. The largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states is...
  
   Jonawa
• Joniškis
  Joniškis
  Joniškis is a city in northern Lithuania with a population of about 11,150. It is located 40 kilometers north of Šiauliai and 14 kilometers south of the Lithuania–Latvia border...
  
   Janiszki
• Jurbarkas
  Jurbarkas
  Jurbarkas is a city in Tauragė County, Lithuania. It is on the right-hand shore of the Neman River at its confluence with the tributaries Mituva and Imsre...
  
   Jurbork
• Kaišiadorys
  Kaišiadorys
  Kaišiadorys is a city in central Lithuania. It is situated between Vilnius and Kaunas. Kaišiadorys is one of six Lithuanian diocese centres. It is home to the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Christ built in 1932. The Lithuanian Veterinary Institute is located there.-Etymology:Its name is...
  
   Koszedary
• Kalvarija
  Kalvarija
  This article describes a city in southwestern Lithuania. For other uses of the name, see Kalvarija and Kalvaria.Kalvarija This article describes a city in southwestern Lithuania. For other uses of the name, see Kalvarija and Kalvaria.Kalvarija This article describes a city in southwestern...
  
   Kalwaria
• Kaunas
  Kaunas
  Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania and has historically been a leading centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the center of a powiat in Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. During Russian Empire occupation...
  
   Kowno
• Kazlų Rūda
  Kazlu Ruda
  Kazlų Rūda is a city in Lithuania. It is located north from Marijampolė. The city is surrounded by forests, but a railway line crosses the city and divides it into almost equal parts. Former Soviet Army Kazlų Rūda airbase is 5 km northeast of Kazlų Rūda....
  
   Kozłowa Ruda
• Kėdainiai
  Kedainiai
  Kėdainiai is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania. It is located on the Nevėžis River. First mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, its population as of 2008 was 30,214. Its old town dates to the 17th century....
  
   Kiejdany
• Kelmė
  Kelme
  Kelmė is a city in central Lithuania. It has a population of around 11,000 and is the administrative center of the Kelmė district municipality.-History:Prior to World War II, Kelmė was home to a famous Rabbinical College, the Kelm Talmud Torah....
  
   Kielmy
• Klaipėda
  Klaipeda
  Klaipėda is a city in Lithuania situated at the mouth of the Nemunas River where it flows into the Baltic Sea. It is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaipėda County....
  
   Kłajpeda
• Kretinga
  Kretinga
  Kretinga is a city in the Klaipėda County, Lithuania. It is the capital of the Kretinga district municipality. It is located east of the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Palanga, and about north of Lithuania's 3rd largest city and principal seaport, Klaipėda.The population was listed as 21,423...
  
   Kretynga
• Kudirkos Naumiestis
  Kudirkos Naumiestis
  Kudirkos Naumiestis is in the Šakiai district municipality, Lithuania. It is located south-west of Šakiai.The settlement was first mentioned in 1561 as a village called Duoliebaičiai. In 1639 the town was renamed Vladislavovas by Cecilia Renata of Austria after her husband Władysław IV Vasa. He...
  
   Władysławów
• Kuršėnai
  Kuršenai
  Kuršėnai is the twenty-fifth largest city in Lithuania. According to the 2001 census, it had 14,197 residents.-Famous people:* Stasys Raštikis, Lithuanian army general* Donald Kagan, Yale Classics professor-References:...
  
   Kurszany
• Lazdijai
  Lazdijai
  Lazdijai is a city in Lithuania located about east of the border with Poland. In 1990 Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union, and new check points between the borders Poland and Lithuania were established and Lazdijai became the center that oversees and continues to regulate these...
  
   Łożdzieje
• Lentvaris
  Lentvaris
  Lentvaris is a city in eastern Lithuania, 9 km east form Trakai, an important center of transportation, because many roads and railroads cross here.Lake Lentvaris is located near the city.- History :...
  
   Landwarów
• Marcinkonys
  Marcinkonys
  Marcinkonys is a village in Varėna district, Lithuania, located south-east of Merkinė. It is the administrative center of the Dzūkija National Park and Čepkeliai Marsh. According to the 2001 census, it had 765 residents. The settlement is known since 1637, when it was a camp of foresters...
  
   Marcinkańce
• Marijampolė
  Marijampole
  Marijampolė is an industrial city and the capital of the Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The population of Marijampolė is 48,700...
  
   Mariampol
• Mažeikiai
  Mažeikiai
  Mažeikiai is a city in the north-western Lithuania, on the Venta River. It has a population of around 45,300, making it the eighth largest city in Lithuania. The city is the administrative center of Mažeikiai district municipality in Telšiai County. It is the largest city that does not have its...
  
   Możejki
• Naujoji Akmenė
  Naujoji Akmene
  Naujoji Akmenė is a new town that was established in 1952 and is therefore one of the newest cities in Lithuania. Its name means the New Akmenė. It is an industrial base with concrete as its main product, with Public company Akmenės cementas producing 700,000 tonnes of concrete annually...
  
   Nowe Okmiany
• Pabradė
  Pabrade
  Pabradė is a city in Lithuania, in Švenčionys district municipality, on Žeimena river, 38 km south-west of Švenčionys.Pabradė is a busy place as the Vilnius–Daugavpils railway is close to the city. It was quite a small settlement until the 19th century, when the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg...
  
   Podbrodzie
• Palanga
  Palanga
  Palanga and beautiful sand dunes. Officially Palanga has the status of a city municipality and includes Šventoji, Nemirseta, Būtingė and other settlements, which are considered as part of the city of Palanga.-Legend:...
  
   Połąga
• Panevėžys
  Panevežys
  Panevėžys see also other names, is the fifth largest city in Lithuania. As of 2008, it occupied 50 square kilometers with 113,653 inhabitants. The largest multifunctional arena in Panevėžys is the Cido Arena...
  
   Poniewież
• Plungė
  Plunge
  Plungė is a city in Lithuania with 23,246 inhabitants. It has a crab stick factory which exports to many countries in Europe.Before World War II, Plunge had a large Jewish population.- History :...
  
   Płungiany
• Prienai
  Prienai
  Prienai is a city in Lithuania situated on the Neman River, south of Kaunas. In 2001 the city had 11,353 inhabitants. The name of the city is a derivative from a surname Prienas. Pociūnai Airport is associated with the city.-History:...
  
   Prieny
• Raseiniai
  Raseiniai
  Raseiniai is a city in Lithuania. It is located on the south eastern foothills of the Samogitians highland, some north from the Kaunas–Klaipėda highway.- Grand Duchy of Lithuania :...
  
   Rosienie
• Rokiškis
  Rokiškis
  Rokiškis is a city in northeastern Lithuania with population of about 16,000.-History:The legend of the founding of Rokiškis tells about a hunter called Rokas who had been hunting for hares . However, cities ending in "-kiškis" are quite popular in the region. The city was first mentioned in 1499...
  
   Rokiszki
• Senieji Trakai
  Senieji Trakai
  Senieji Trakai is a historic Lithuanian village located east of Trakai. According to the census of 2001, it has 1501 inhabitants – Lithuanians, Poles and Russians. The Saint Petersburg – Warsaw Railway passes through Senieji Trakai.The central part of the village is proclaimed an architectural...
  
   Stare Troki
• Šalčininkai
  Šalcininkai
  Šalčininkai is a city in Vilnius County, Lithuania, situated south-east of Vilnius, near the border with Belarus.Šalčininkai received its city rights in 1956 and is now a capital of the Šalčininkai district municipality. Šalčininkai features a multi-ethnic population of Poles , Lithuanians ,...
  
   Sołeczniki Wielkie
• Šiauliai
  Šiauliai
  Šiauliai , is the fourth largest city in Lithuania, with a population of 133,900. It is the capital of Šiauliai County. Unofficially, the city is the capital of Northern Lithuania.-Names:...
  
   Szawle
• Šilutė
  Šilute
  Šilutė is a city in the south of the Klaipėda County, Lithuania. The city was part of the Klaipėda Region and ethnographic Lithuania Minor. Šilutė was the interwar capital of Šilutė County and is currently the capital of Šilutė district municipality.-Name:...
  
   Szyłokarczma
• Širvintos
  Širvintos
  Širvintos is a city in Vilnius County in the eastern part of Lithuania. It is the administrative center of the Širvintos district municipality.The word Širvintos is the plural form of the name of the Širvinta River, which flows through the city....
  
   Szyrwinty
• Švenčionys
  Švencionys
  Švenčionys is a city located north of Vilnius in Lithuania. It is the capital of the Švenčionys district municipality. As of 2005, it had population of 5,658 of which about one-third is part of the Polish minority in Lithuania.- Name :...
  
   Święciany
• Tauragė
  Taurage
  Tauragė is an industrial city in Lithuania, and the capital of Tauragė County. In 2011, its population was 26,444. Tauragė is situated on the Jūra River, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast, and not far from the Baltic Sea coast....
  
   Taurogi
• Telšiai
  Telšiai
  Telšiai , is a city in Lithuania with about 35,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of Telšiai County and Samogitia region, and it is located on Lake Mastis.-Names:...
  
   Telsze
• Trakai
  Trakai
  Trakai is a historic city and lake resort in Lithuania. It lies 28 km west of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Because of its proximity to Vilnius, Trakai is a popular tourist destination. Trakai is the administrative centre of Trakai district municipality. The town covers 11.52 km2 of...
  
   (Nowe) Troki
• Turmantas
  Turmantas
  Turmantas is a town in the Zarasai district municipality, Lithuania. Located on the border with Latvia, it is a railway station on the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg railway. The village is known since 1798. It began growing after completion of the railway in 1862. As part of the Vilnius Region,...
  
   Turmont
• Ukmergė
  Ukmerge
  -Early history:Ukmergė was first mentioned as a settlement in 1333. It was essentially a wooden fortress that stood on a hill, near the confluence of the Vilkmergė River and the Šventoji River. Ukmergė was attacked by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order in 1333, 1365, 1378, 1386, and even...
  
   Wiłkomierz
• Utena
  Utena, Lithuania
  Utena is a city in north-east Lithuania. It is the administrative center of Utena district and Utena County. Utena is one of the oldest settlements of Lithuania. The name of the city is most probably derived from a hydronym. The name of the settlement has been known since 1261.Utena is an...
  
   Uciana
• Varėna
  Varena
  Varėna is a city in Dzūkija, Lithuania.-History:The town was founded in 1862 near the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway, south of Sena Varėna . At that time it was a small settlement, but following steady development it eventually became the center of the district in 1950. In the interbellum...
  
   Orany
• Varniai
  Varniai
  Varniai , is a city in the Telšiai County, western Lithuania. In the Middle Ages the city was known as Medininkai. It was established in the 14th century, on the bank of the Varnelė River, near an important Samogitian castle. It was the center of Samogitian Catholic church: after the baptism of...
  
   Wernie
• Vilkaviškis
  Vilkaviškis
  Vilkaviškis Until 1940 the city had a large Jewish Community which was annihilated by the Nazis and their local collaborators. The whole Jewish population was killed in a single day,, after the entry of the Germans into the city.-Names:...
  
   Wilkowyszki
• Vilnius
  Vilnius
  Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...
  
   Wilno
• Virbalis
  Virbalis
  Virbalis is a city in the Vilkaviškis district municipality, Lithuania. It is located west of Vilkaviškis.As German Wirballen, Polish Wierzbołów, or Russian Verzhbolovo , it is frequently mentioned in historical as well in modern literature...
  
   Wierzbołowo
• Visaginas
  Visaginas
  Visaginas is a city with municipal rights in eastern Lithuania, situated near the country's biggest lake, Drūkšiai. Its administrative boundaries are in the process of being defined. The Vilnius–Daugavpils railway runs alongside the town, providing convenient communication with Vilnius and...
  
   Wisaginia
• Vištytis
  Vištytis
  Vištytis is a town in southern Lithuania on Lake Vištytis, Marijampolė district. It is situated at the Russian border and is a capital of Vištytis elderate....
  
   Wisztyn
• Žagarė
  Žagare
  Žagarė is a city located in the Joniškis district, northern Lithuania, close to the border with Latvia. It has a population of about 2,000.-Names:Foreign renderings of the name include: , , .-History:The foundation of Žagarė dates back to the 12th century...
  
   Żagary
• Zarasai
  Zarasai
  Zarasai is a city in northeastern Lithuania, surrounded by many lakes and rivers: to the southwest of the city is Zarasas, north – Zarasaitis, southeast – Baltas, and east – Griežtas. Zarasaitis and Griežtas are connected by Laukesa rivulet....
  
   Jeziorosy

Moldova (Mołdawia)

• Bălţi
  Balti
  Balti can refer to:* Balti language, a language spoken in Baltistan in Pakistan and Ladakh in Kashmir* Balti people, Muslims of Ladakhi/Tibetan origin from Baltistan in Pakistan and Ladakh in Kashmir...
  
   Bielce
• Cahul
  Cahul
  -Demographics:According to the last Moldovan census from 2004 there were 35,488 people living within the city of Cahul and 1,317 people within Cotihana....
  
   Kaguł
• Camenca
  Camenca
  Camenca is a town in Transnistria, Moldova. It is composed of the town itself, population 10,323, and the village of Solnecinoe .Camenca is the seat of the Camenca sub-district....
  
   Kamionka
• Căuşeni
  Causeni
  Căuşeni is a city and the administrative center of Căuşeni District, Moldova.Its population at the 2004 census was 17,757, of which 14,807 Moldovans/Romanians, 960 Ukrainians, 1,521 Russians, 82 Gagauzians, 273 Bulgarians, 6 Jews, 3 Poles, 8 Gypsies, and 97 other/undeclared.-History:The 17th...
  
   Kauszany
• Chişinău
  Chisinau
  Chișinău is the capital and largest municipality of Moldova. It is also its main industrial and commercial centre and is located in the middle of the country, on the river Bîc...
  
   Kiszyniów
• Edineţ
  Edinet
  Edineț is a town in the north of Moldova. It is the administrative center of the eponymous district. The town is located 201 km north of the national capital, Chișinău. It is located at . The town administers also two suburban villages, Alexăndreni and Gordineştii Noi...
  
   Jedyńce
• Rîbniţa
  Rîbnita
  Rîbnița, also spelled Râbnița is a city in Moldova. The city is under the administration of the breakaway government of the Transnistria. According to the 2004 Census in Transnistria, it has a population of 53,648. Rîbniţa is situated in the northern half of Transnistria, on the left bank of the...
  
   Rybnica
• Soroca
  Soroca
  Soroca is a Moldovan city situated on the Nistru river about 160 km north of Chişinău. It is the administrative center of Soroca District.- History :The city has its origin in the medieval Genoese trade post of Olchionia, or Alchona...
  
   Soroki
• Tighina
  Tighina
  Bender or Bendery, also known as Tighina is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Transnistria Republic since 1992...
  
   Bendery
• Tiraspol
  Tiraspol
  Tiraspol is the second largest city in Moldova and is the capital and administrative centre of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic . The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River...
  
   Tyraspol
• Ungheni
  Ungheni
  ----Ungheni is the seventh largest city in Moldova and, since 2003, the seat of Ungheni District.There is a bridge across the Prut and a border checkpoint to Romania. There is another border town with the same name in Romania , on the other side of the Prut River.- History :The first historical...
  
   Ungeny

Romania (Rumunia)

• Bistriţa
  Bistrita
  Bistrița is the capital city of Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistriţa River. The city has a population of approximately 80,000 inhabitants, and it administers six villages: Ghinda, Sărata, Sigmir, Slătiniţa, Unirea and Viişoara.-History:The earliest sign of...
  
   Bystrzyca, Bistritz
• Botoşani
  Botosani
  Botoșani is the capital city of Botoșani County, in northern Moldavia, Romania. Today, it is best known as the birthplace of many celebrated Romanians, including Mihai Eminescu and Nicolae Iorga.- Origin of the name :...
  
   Botoszany
• Brăila
  Braila
  Brăila is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County, in the close vicinity of Galaţi.According to the 2002 Romanian census there were 216,292 people living within the city of Brăila, making it the 10th most populous city in Romania.-History:A...
  
   Braiła
• Brașov
  Brasov
  Brașov is a city in Romania and the capital of Brașov County.According to the last Romanian census, from 2002, there were 284,596 people living within the city of Brașov, making it the 8th most populated city in Romania....
  
   Braszów, Kronstadt
• Bucureşti
  Bucharest
  Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....
  
   Bukareszt
• Cluj-Napoca
  Cluj-Napoca
  Cluj-Napoca , commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest , Budapest and Belgrade...
  
   Kluż, Klausenburg, Koloszwar
• Constanţa
  Constanta
  Constanța is the oldest extant city in Romania, founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region....
  
   Konstanca
• Craiova
  Craiova
  Craiova , Romania's 6th largest city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians and the River Danube . Craiova is the chief...
  
   Krajowa
• Făgăraş
  Fagaras
  Făgăraș is a city in central Romania, located in Braşov County . Another source of the name is alleged to derive from the Hungarian language word for "partridge" . A more plausible explanation is that the name is given by Fogaras river coming from the Pecheneg "Fagar šu", which means ash water...
  
   Fogarasz, Fugreschmarkt
• Galaţi
  Galati
  Galați is a city and municipality in Romania, the capital of Galați County. Located in the historical region of Moldavia, in the close vicinity of Brăila, Galați is the largest port and sea port on the Danube River and the second largest Romanian port....
  
   Gałacz, Galatz
• Iaşi
  Iasi
  Iași is the second most populous city and a municipality in Romania. Located in the historical Moldavia region, Iași has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life...
  
   Jassy
• Oradea
  Oradea
  Oradea is the capital city of Bihor County, in the Crișana region of north-western Romania. The city has a population of 204,477, according to the 2009 estimates. The wider Oradea metropolitan area has a total population of 245,832.-Geography:...
  
   Wielki Waradyn, Grosswardein
• Ploieşti
  Ploiesti
  Ploiești is the county seat of Prahova County and lies in the historical region of Wallachia in Romania. The city is located north of Bucharest....
  
   Ploeszti
• Rădăuţi
  Radauti
  Rădăuţi is a municipality in Suceava County, Romania with a population of 27,759 inhabitants.-Geography and demographics:Rădăuţi is situated in Bucovina, northern Moldavia, on a plain between the Suceava and Suceviţa rivers, north from Suceava, at 375 m altitude...
  
   Radowce, Radautz
• Sibiu
  Sibiu
  Sibiu is a city in Transylvania, Romania with a population of 154,548. Located some 282 km north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the river Olt...
  
   Sybin, Hermannstadt
• Sighișoara
  Sighisoara
  Sighişoara is a city and municipality on the Târnava Mare River in Mureş County, Romania. Located in the historic region Transylvania, Sighişoara has a population of 27,706 ....
  
   Sygiszoara, Schäßburg
• Suceava
  Suceava
  Suceava is the Suceava County seat in Bukovina, Moldavia region, in north-eastern Romania. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1388 to 1565.-History:...
  
   Suczawa
• Timişoara
  Timisoara
  Timișoara is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with an estimated population of 311,586 inhabitants , and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the...
  
   Timiszoara, Temeszwar, Temeschburg
• Tulcea
  Tulcea
  Tulcea is a city in Dobrogea, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea county, and has a population of 92,379 as of 2007. One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city.- History :...
  
   Tulcza

Russia/Kaliningrad Oblast (Rosja/Obwód Kaliningradzki)

• Baltiysk
  Baltiysk
  Baltiysk , prior to 1945 known by its German name Pillau , is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Bay from the Gdańsk Bay. Baltiysk...
  
   Piława
• Bagrationovsk
  Bagrationovsk
  Bagrationovsk is a town and the administrative center of Bagrationovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located south of Kaliningrad. Population: -History:...
  
   Pruska Iława/Iławka
• Chernyakhovsk
  Chernyakhovsk
  Chernyakhovsk is a town and the administrative center of Chernyakhovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Instruch and the Angrapa Rivers, forming the Pregolya...
  
   Wystruć
• Chernyshevskoye
  Chernyshevskoye
  Chernyshevskoye is a settlement in Nesterovsky District in the eastern part of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, on the border with Lithuania.Between Chernyshevskoye and Lithuanian Kybartai is an important 24-hour border crossing point on the A229 principal road and the railway route connecting...
  
   Ejtkuny
• Dobrovolsk Pilkały
• Domnovo Domnowo
• Druzhba
  Druzhba
  Druzhba may refer to:*1621 Druzhba, an asteroid*Druzhba pipeline, the world's longest oil pipeline stretching from Central Russia to Central Europe...
  
   Alembork
• Gusev
  Gusev
  Gusev is a town and the administrative center of Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Pissa and Krasnaya Rivers, near the border with Poland and Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk. Population: -History:...
  
   Gąbin
• Gvardeisk Tapiawa/Tapiewo
• Kaliningrad
  Kaliningrad
  Kaliningrad is a seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea...
  
   Królewiec
• Krasnolesye
  Krasnolesye
  Krasnolesye is a settlement in Nesterovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Krasnaya River close to the border with Poland, in the north of the Romincka Forest. East of Krasnolesye lies Lake Vistytis....
  
   Rominty Wielkie
• Kornevo Cynty
• Kutuzovo
  Kutuzovo
  Kutuzovo is the name of several rural localities in Russia:*Kutuzovo, Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Kutuzovsky Rural Okrug of Guryevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast...
  
   Szyrwinty
• Mamonovo
  Mamonovo
  Mamonovo , prior to 1945 known by its German name Heiligenbeil, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. Population: Mamonovo is named after a Soviet Commander, Nikolai Vasilyevich Mamonov , killed in action near Pułtusk on 26 October 1944, who was posthumously given the title Hero of the Soviet...
  
   Świętomiejsce/Święta Siekierka
• Mezhdurechye
  Mezhdurechye
  Mezhdurechye is the rural locality in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The village is located beyond the Arctic circle, on the Kola Peninsula. Located at a height of 43 m above sea level....
  
   Norkity
• Mokhovoye
  Mokhovoye
  Mokhovoye is a settlement in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the south-western corner of the Curonian Lagoon, near Zelenogradsk. It was important in early medieval history as a likely starting point of the Amber Route to the south...
  
   Wiskiauty
• Morskoye Pilkopy
• Neman
  Neman (town)
  Neman is a town and the administrative center of Nemansky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the historic Prussia region, east of the town of Sovetsk, on the steep southern bank of the Neman River, where it currently forms the border with the Klaipėda Region in...
  
   Ragneta
• Nesterov
  Nesterov
  Nesterov is a town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. Population: -History:In the Middle Ages, the area in Old Prussia had been settled by the Nadruvian tribe of the Baltic Prussians. It was conquered by the Teutonic Knights about 1276 and...
  
   Stołupiany
• Pavlovo Lochstädt
• Polessk
  Polessk
  Polessk , prior to 1945 known by its German name Labiau is a town and the administrative center of Polessky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. Population: 4,744 ....
  
   Labiawa/Labiewo
• Pravdinsk
  Pravdinsk
  Pravdinsk is a town and the administrative center of Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Lava River, approximately east of Bagrationovsk...
  
   Frydląd
• Primorsk
  Primorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
  Primorsk , prior to 1945 known by its German name Fischhausen, is an urban locality in Baltiysky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Vistula Lagoon. Population:...
  
   Rybaki
• Rybachy Rosity
• Ozyorsk
  Ozyorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
  Ozyorsk is a town and the administrative center of Ozyorsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Angrapa River, southeast of Chernyakhovsk near the border with the Polish Warmia-Masuria Voivodship. Population: -Notable residents:...
  
   Darkiejmy
• Slavsk
  Slavsk
  Slavsk, prior to 1945 known by its German name Heinrichswalde, is a town and the administrative center of Slavsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located to the west of Sovetsk. The town has a railway station on the Sovetsk-Kaliningrad railroad. Population:...
  
   Jędrzychowo
• Slavskoye
  Slavskoye, Russia
  Slavskoye is a settlement in the Bagrationovsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located south of Kaliningrad.-History:In 1240, the Teutonic Knights founded a castle in the region of Natangia at the location of an Old Prussians settlement. In 1315 Kreuzburg received its town privileges...
  
   Krzyżbork/Krujzbork
• Sovetsk
  Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
  Sovetsk , known by its historical German name of Tilsit in East Prussia before 1946, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River. Population: -History of Tilsit:...
  
   Tylża
• Yantarny
  Yantarny
  Yantarny ) is an urban locality in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located about from Kaliningrad on the Sambian Peninsula. Population: -Pre-1945:...
  
   Palmniki
• Yasnaya Polyana Trakeny/Trakejny
• Yasnoye Kaukiejmy
• Ushakovo Pokarmin
• Vesyoloye Bałga
• Zheleznodorozhny
  Zheleznodorozhny, Kaliningrad Oblast
  Zheleznodorozhny , prior to 1946 known by its German name Gerdauen, is an urban locality in Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located southeast of Kaliningrad, near the border with Poland...
  
   Gierdawy
• Znamensk
  Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast
  Znamensk is a settlement in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Pregolya River at its confluence with the Lava River some 50 km east of Kaliningrad...
  
   Welawa

Slovakia (Słowacja)

• Banská Bystrica
  Banská Bystrica
  Banská Bystrica is a key city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain chains of the Low Tatras, the Veľká Fatra, and the Kremnica Mountains. With 81,281 inhabitants, Banská Bystrica is the sixth most populous municipality in Slovakia...
  
   Bańska Bystrzyca
• Bardejov
  Bardejov
  Bardejov is a town in North-Eastern Slovakia. It is situated in the Šariš region and has about 33,000 inhabitants. The spa town, mentioned for the first time in 1241, exhibits numerous cultural monuments in its completely intact medieval town center...
  
   Bardiów
• Bratislava
  Bratislava
  Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
  
   Bratysława
• Čadca
  Cadca
  Čadca is a district town in northern Slovakia, near the border with Poland and the Czech Republic.-Geography:It is located south of the Jablunkov Pass, surrounded by the Javorníky, Kysucké Beskydy and Turzovská vrchovina mountain ranges. It lies in the valley of the Kysuca river, around 30 km...
  
   Czadca
• Kežmarok
  Kežmarok
  Kežmarok is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia , on the Poprad River.-History:...
  
   Kieżmark
• Košice
  Košice
  Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary...
  
   Koszyce
• Levoča
  Levoca
  Levoča is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia with a population of 14,600. The town has a historic center with a well preserved town wall, a Renaissance church with the highest wooden altar in Europe, carved by Master Paul of Levoča, and many other Renaissance buildings.On 28 June 2009,...
  
   Lewocza
• Liptovský Mikuláš
  Liptovský Mikuláš
  Liptovský Mikuláš is a town in northern Slovakia, on the Váh River. It lies in the Liptov region, in Liptov Basin near the Low Tatra and Tatra mountains...
  
   Liptowski Mikulasz
• Námestovo
  Námestovo
  Námestovo is a town in northern Slovakia. It is the capital and largest town of Námestovo District in the Žilina Region. its population was 8,094.-Geography:...
  
   Namiestów
• Oravské Veselé
  Oravské Veselé
  Oravské Veselé is a village and municipality in Námestovo District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.-Geography:The municipality lies at an altitude of 755 metres and covers an area of 41.217km². It has a population of about 2794 people....
  
   Wesołe
• Piešťany
  Pieštany
  Piešťany is a town in Slovakia. It is located in the western part of the country within the Trnava Region and is the seat of its own district. It is the biggest and best known spa town in Slovakia and has around 30,000 inhabitants.-History:...
  
   Pieszczany
• Prešov
  Prešov
  Prešov Historically, the city has been known in German as Eperies , Eperjes in Hungarian, Fragopolis in Latin, Preszów in Polish, Peryeshis in Romany, Пряшев in Russian and Пряшів in Rusyn and Ukrainian.-Characteristics:The city is a showcase of Baroque, Rococo and Gothic...
  
   Preszów
• Ružomberok
  Ružomberok
  Ružomberok is a town in northern Slovakia, in the historical Liptov region. It has a population of around 30,000-Geography:...
  
   Rużomberk
• Spišská Nová Ves Nowa Wieś Spiska
• Spišské Podhradie
  Spišské Podhradie
  Spišské Podhradie is a town in Spiš in the Prešov Region of Slovakia. Its population is 3,826.Spišské Podhradie is situated at the foot of the hill of Spiš Castle. It had a Zipser German settlement, with its own church and priest, in 1174...
  
   Spiskie Podgrodzie
• Stará Ľubovňa
  Stará Lubovna
  Stará Ľubovňa is a town with approximately 16,000 inhabitants in northeastern Slovakia. The town consists of the districts Podsadek and Stará Ľubovňa.-Geography:...
  
   Stara Lubowla
• Spišská Stará Ves Stara Wieś Spiska
• Topoľčany
  Topolcany
  Topoľčany .The name Topoľčany was assumed to be derived from topoľ, Slovak for poplar tree. Groves of these trees were once abundant on the banks of the Nitra River...
  
   Topolczany
• Trenčín
  Trencín
  Trenčín is a city in western Slovakia of the central Váh River valley near the Czech border, around from Bratislava. It has a population of more than 56,000, which makes it the ninth largest municipality of the country and is the seat of the Trenčín Region and the Trenčín District...
  
   Trenczyn
• Trnava
  Trnava
  Trnava is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river. It is the capital of a kraj and of an okres . It was the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric . The city has a historic center...
  
   Trnawa
• Trstená
  Trstená
  Trstená is a city in Tvrdošín District, Žilina Region, central Slovakia....
  
   Trzciana
• Tvrdošín
  Tvrdošín
  Tvrdošín ; ; ) is a town in central Slovakia.-Geography:The town is located at the confluence of the Orava and Oravica rivers, from the Polish borders and cca. from Dolný Kubín. It consists of the boroughs of Krásna Hôrka, Medvedzie, and Tvrdošín....
  
   Twardoszyn
• Žilina
  Žilina
  Žilina is a city in north-western Slovakia, around from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of approximately 85,000, an important industrial center, the largest city on the Váh river, and the seat of a...
  
   Żylina
• Zvolen
  Zvolen
  Zvolen |Slatina]] rivers, close to Banská Bystrica. With its ancient castle, the town has a historical center, which represents the seat of an okres .-History:...
  
   Zwoleń

Spain (Hiszpania)

• Cádiz
  Cádiz
  Cadiz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the homonymous province, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia....
  
   Kadyks
• Cantabria
  Cantabria
  Cantabria is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community , on the south by Castile and León , on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea.Cantabria...
  
   Kantabria
• Cartagena
  Cartagena, Spain
  Cartagena is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia, by the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Spain. As of January 2011, it has a population of 218,210 inhabitants being the Region’s second largest municipality and the country’s 6th non-Province capital...
  
   Kartagena
• Córdoba
  Córdoba, Spain
  -History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...
  
   Kordowa
• Granada
  Granada
  Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...
  
   Grenada
• Madrid
  Madrid
  Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
  
   Madryt
• Pamplona
  Pamplona
  Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...
  
    Pampeluna
• Salamanca
  Salamanca
  Salamanca is a city in western Spain, in the community of Castile and León. Because it is known for its beautiful buildings and urban environment, the Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. It is the most important university city in Spain and is known for its contributions to...
  
   Salamanka
• Sevilla Sewilla
• Valencia Walencja
• Zaragoza
  Zaragoza
  Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
  
   Saragossa

Switzerland (Szwajcaria)

• Basel
  Basel
  Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
  
   Bazylea
• Bern
  Berne
  The city of Bern or Berne is the Bundesstadt of Switzerland, and, with a population of , the fourth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 43 municipalities, has a population of 349,000. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000...
  
   Berno
• Fribourg
  Fribourg
  Fribourg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and the district of Sarine. It is located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss plateau, and is an important economic, administrative and educational center on the cultural border between German and French Switzerland...
  
   Fryburg
• Genève
  Geneva
  Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
  
   Genewa
• Lausanne
  Lausanne
  Lausanne is a city in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and is the capital of the canton of Vaud. The seat of the district of Lausanne, the city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva . It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura mountains to its north-west...
  
   Lozanna
• Luzern
  Lucerne
  Lucerne is a city in north-central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of that country. Lucerne is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and the capital of the district of the same name. With a population of about 76,200 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and...
  
   Lucerna
• Schaffhausen
  Schaffhausen
  Schaffhausen is a city in northern Switzerland and the capital of the canton of the same name; it has an estimated population of 34,587 ....
  
  Szafuza
• Zürich
  Zürich
  Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
  
   Zurych
• Solothurn
  Solothurn
  The city of Solothurn is the capital of the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. The city also comprises the only municipality of the district of the same name.-Pre-roman settlement:...
  
   Solura

Ukraine (Ukraina)

• Bershad’
  Bershad
  Bershad , is a small city in the Vinnytsia Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Bershadsky Raion .The population is around 13,300 ....
  
   Berszada
• Berezhany
  Berezhany
  Berezhany is a city located in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Berezhanskyi Raion , and rests about 100 km from Lviv and 50 km from the oblast capital, Ternopil. The city has a population of about 20,000, and is about 400 m above sea level...
  
   Brzeżany
• Boryslav
  Boryslav
  Boryslav is a city located on the Tysmenytsia River , in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. The city is designated as a separate raion within the oblast....
  
   Borysław
• Brailiv Brahiłów
• Bratslav
  Bratslav
  Bratslav |Breslov]] as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is a townlet in Ukraine, located in the Nemyriv Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river. It is a medieval European city having dramatically lost its importance during 19th-20th centuries...
  
   Bracław
• Buchach
  Buchach
  Buchach is a small city located on the Strypa River in the Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine...
  
   Buczacz
• Chernivtsi
  Chernivtsi
  Chernivtsi is the administrative center of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. The city is situated on the upper course of the River Prut, a tributary of the Danube, in the northern part of the historic region of Bukovina, which is currently divided between Romania and Ukraine...
  
   Czerniowce
• Chernihiv
  Chernihiv
  Chernihiv or Chernigov is a historic city in northern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chernihiv Oblast , as well as of the surrounding Chernihivskyi Raion within the oblast...
  
   Czernihów
• Chervonohrad
  Chervonohrad
  Chervonohrad is a city located in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. The city is designated as a separate raion within the oblast. It about 62 km north of Lviv and 7 km from Sokal. The population numbers 68,300 inhabitants....
  
   Krystynopol
• Chornobyl Czarnobyl
• Dobromyl
  Dobromyl
  Dobromyl is a city in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It is located at around , some 5 kilometers to the border with Poland. Population: 5,000 ....
  
   Dobromil
• Drohobych
  Drohobych
  Drohobych is a city located at the confluence of the Tysmenytsia River and Seret, a tributary of the former, in the Lviv Oblast , in western Ukraine...
  
   Drohobycz
• Dunaiyv Dunajów
• Gaysyn Hajsyn
• Hlyniany
  Hlyniany
  Hlyniany is a small city in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. Population is 3,378 .The Jewish population was 2,418 in 1910.- References :...
  
   Gliniany
• Horodok
  Horodok
  Horodok may refer to:*Horodok, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine*Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine*Horodok -See also:*Gorodok, name of several rural localities in Russia*Haradok, a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus...
  
   Gródek Jagielloński
• Ivano-Frankivsk
  Ivano-Frankivsk
  Ivano-Frankivsk is a historic city located in the western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast , and is designated as its own separate raion within the oblast, municipality....
  
   Stanisławów
• Ivano-Frankove Janów
• Kamianka-Buzka
  Kamianka-Buzka
  Kamianka-Buzka is a city in the Lviv Oblast, of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kamianka-Buzkyi Raion . The city was previously known as Kamianka Strumilowa, and was a district city in Galicia...
  
   Kamionka Strumiłowa
• Kharkiv
  Kharkiv
  Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
  
   Charków
• Khmil'nyk
  Khmilnyk
  Khmilnyk is a resort town in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. The population is 27,900 .The town is situated in the upper part of the river Southern Buh, northeast of Vinnytsia. It is one of the oldest towns of Podillia.-Early history:...
  
   Chmielnik
• Khmel'nyts'kyi Płoskirów
• Khyriv
  Khyriv
  Khyriv is a small town in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine.It housed a Jesuit college, Zakład Naukowo-Wychowawczy Ojców Jezuitów w Chyrowie, then in Poland.Population is 4,590 ....
  
   Chyrów
• Kiev
  Kiev
  Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
  
   Kijów
• Ladyzhin Ładyżyn
• Lutsk
  Lutsk
  Lutsk is a city located by the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of the surrounding Lutskyi Raion within the oblast...
  
   Łuck
• Lviv
  Lviv
  Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
  
   Lwów
• Mohyliv-Podilskyi
  Mohyliv-Podilskyi
  Mohyliv-Podilskyi is a city in the Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion of the Vinnytsia Oblast , Ukraine. It is located at , on the border with Bessarabia, Moldova.-History:The first mention of the town dates from 1595...
  
   Mohylów Podolski
• Mostyska
  Mostyska
  Mostyska is a city in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. It is administrative center of the Mostyska Raion. Population is 9,150 . There is a break of gauge where the railway systems of the two countries meet...
  
   Mościska
• Mykolayiv Mikołajów
• Nemyriv
  Nemyriv
  Nemyriv is a historic city in the Vinnytsia Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Nemyriv Raion . Nemyriv is one of the eldest cities in Vinnytska oblast, Ukraine...
  
   Niemirów
• Peremyshliany
  Peremyshliany
  Peremyshliany is a town in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. It is administrative center of the Peremyshliany Raion. Population is 7,565 .It had a Jewish population of 2,934 in 1900.-Famous natives:* Naftule Brandwein, klezmer musician* bl...
  
   Przemyślany
• Pidhirtsy Podhorce
• Pyatnichany Pietniczany
• Rivne
  Rivne
  Rivne or Rovno is a historic city in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Rivne Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Rivne Raion within the oblast...
  
   Równe
• Roznyatov Rożniatów
• Sambir
  Sambir
  Sambir is a city in the Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Sambir Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast. It is located at around , close to the border with Poland.-History:...
  
   Sambor
• Sharhorod
  Sharhorod
  Sharhorod is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It is located at ....
  
   Szarogród
• Staryi Sambir
  Staryi Sambir
  Staryi Sambir is a city in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine, close to the border with Poland. It is the administrative center of the Starosambirskyi Raion , and is located at around .The current estimated population is around 5,700 ....
  
   Stary Sambor
• Ternopil
  Ternopil
  Ternopil , is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical region of Galicia...
  
   Tarnopol
• Tomashpil'
  Tomashpil
  Tomashpil in the eastern part of Podolian highlands, in the Vinnytsia region of Central Ukraine. It has population of ca 6.000 inhabitants. Tomashpil is situated on the banks of the river Rusava....
  
   Tomaszpol
• Trostyanets Trościaniec
• Tul'chyn
  Tulchyn
  Tulchin , Latin Tulcinum, ) is a small city in the Vinnytsya Oblast of western Ukraine, former Podolia. It is the administrative center of the Tulchynsky Raion , and was the chief centre of the Southern Society of the Decembrists, Pavel Pestel was located there during planning of the rebellion...
  
   Tulczyn
• Tyvriv
  Tyvriv
  Tyvriv is a town in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. Geographically it is in eastern Podolia on the shore of Southern Bug. It is the administrative center of the Tyvrivskyi Raion ....
  
   Tywrów
• Uhniv
  Uhniv
  Uhniv is a city in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. Population is 1,021 .Uhniv is the smallest city of Ukraine aside couple of cities in the Zone of alienation in the northern Ukraine. It is part of Sokal Raion and is located 22 km from Belz and 21 km from Rava Ruska. The capital of...
  
   Uhnów
• Uzhhorod
  Uzhhorod
  Uzhhorod or Uzhgorod is a city located in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. It is the administrative center of the Zakarpattia Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Uzhhorodskyi Raion within the oblast...
  
   Użhorod
• Vynnytsia Winnica
• Yampil
  Yampil
  Yampil Capital city of Yampilskiy Rayon located in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine....
  
   Jampol
• Yavoriv
  Yavoriv
  Yavoriv is a city located in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Yavoriv Raion and rests approximately 50 km west of the oblast capital, Lviv....
  
   Jaworów
• Zaporizhia
  Zaporizhia
  Zaporizhia or Zaporozhye [formerly Alexandrovsk ] is a city in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative center of the Zaporizhia Oblast...
  
   Zaporoże
• Zboriv
  Zboriv
  Zboriv is a small town in Ternopil Oblast, west Ukraine. It is located in the historical region of Galicia. The population is 7,400 . It is administrative center of the Zboriv Raion....
  
   Zborów
• Zhovkva
  Zhovkva
  Zhovkva is a city in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine, north of Lviv. It is the administrative center of the Zhovkivskyi Raion . The current estimated population is 13,500.-History:...
  
   Żółkiew
• Zhydachiv
  Zhydachiv
  Zhydachiv is a city in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zhydachivskyi Raion , and is located at around ....
  
   Żydaczów
• Zhytomyr
  Zhytomyr
  Zhytomyr is a city in the North of the western half of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zhytomyr Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Zhytomyr Raion...
  
   Żytomierz
• Zolochiv
  Zolochiv
  Zolochiv is a town located in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zolochiv Raion ....
  
   Złoczów

United States (Stany Zjednoczone)

• New York City Nowy Jork
• New Orleans Nowy Orlean
• Philadelphia Filadelfia
• Washington, D.C. Waszyngton, Dystrykt Kolumbii

• California
  California
  California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
  
   Kalifornia
• Florida
  Florida
  Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
  
   Floryda
• Hawaii
  Hawaii
  Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
  
   Hawaje
• Louisiana
  Louisiana
  Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...
  
   Luizjana
• Mississippi
  Mississippi
  Mississippi is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi...
  
   Missisipi
• New Mexico
  New Mexico
  New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
  
   Nowy Meksyk
• North Carolina
  North Carolina
  North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...
  
   Karolina Północna
• North Dakota
  North Dakota
  North Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Canada to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th-largest state by area in the U.S....
  
   Dakota Północna
• Pennsylvania
  Pennsylvania
  The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
  
   Pensylwania
• South Carolina
  South Carolina
  South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...
  
   Karolina Południowa
• South Dakota
  South Dakota
  South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over...
  
   Dakota Południowa
• Texas
  Texas
  Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
  
   Teksas
• Virginia
  Virginia
  The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...
  
   Wirginia
• West Virginia
  West Virginia
  West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east...
  
   Wirginia Zachodnia

See also

• List of European exonyms
• Names of Belarusian places in other languages
  Names of Belarusian places in other languages
  This page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in Belarusian and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.-Minsk Region:-Brest Region:-Homiel Region:-Hrodna Region:...
  
  
• Names of Lithuanian places in other languages
  Names of Lithuanian places in other languages
  This page lists some names of places in Lithuania, as they are called in Lithuanian, and as they are called or were formerly called in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Lithuanian territory.- Cities :- Towns :...