Ivanava
Encyclopedia
Ivanava is a city in the Brest Province of Belarus
, an administrative center of the Ivanava district.
First mentioned in 14th century, initially it was a village named Porkhovo. In 1423 it was granted by the king Władysław Jagiełło to the cathedral in Lutsk
. Renamed to Janów, in 1465 it was granted with city rights. A small town in Polesia
, it shared the fate of the region. On May 16, 1657 it was the seat of the martyr
dom of Saint Andrzej Bobola. Annexed by Russia during the Partitions of Poland
in 1795, the town did not develop much, mostly because of the proximity of much more populous town of Pinsk
. At the end of 19th century it had circa 3000 inhabitants, mostly peasants and workers in a local minor textile works.
Between 1915 and 1918 occupied by Germany, in 1919 it was transferred to Poland. During the Polish-Bolshevik War it was briefly occupied by the Russians between July and October 1920. After retaken by Poland, the town was the centre of mobilization of Gen. Jarosławcew's 3rd Volga Infantry Division, part of Gen. Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz's forces. Between the wars, the town remained a minor and rather non-notable centre of commerce in the area. In 1926 it was linked with the world by a new railroad. This however did not lead to fast development as the industry preferred other regions of Poland.
During the Polish Defensive War
of 1939, there was an armed unrest of local Jewish inhabitants against the Polish Army and Polish reffugees, and in support of the invading Soviet forces. Until June 27, 1941 the town was occupied by the Soviet Union
and then until July 1944 by Nazi
Germany
. During the German occupation most of the Jewish inhabitants of the area perished in the Holocaust. On January 22, 1943 30 locals were murdered as a reprisal for Ponury's action against the Gestapo
prison in Pinsk
. Occupied by the Soviet 61st Army, the town was annexed by the USSR to the Byelorussian SSR
.
A seat of a rayon
between 1954 and 1962 and again from 1965, since 1991 the town is part of Belarus
.
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
, an administrative center of the Ivanava district.
First mentioned in 14th century, initially it was a village named Porkhovo. In 1423 it was granted by the king Władysław Jagiełło to the cathedral in Lutsk
Lutsk
Lutsk is a city located by the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of the surrounding Lutskyi Raion within the oblast...
. Renamed to Janów, in 1465 it was granted with city rights. A small town in Polesia
Polesia
Polesia is one of the largest European swampy areas, located in the south-western part of the Eastern-European Lowland, mainly within Belarus and Ukraine but also partly within Poland and Russia...
, it shared the fate of the region. On May 16, 1657 it was the seat of the martyr
Martyr
A martyr is somebody who suffers persecution and death for refusing to renounce, or accept, a belief or cause, usually religious.-Meaning:...
dom of Saint Andrzej Bobola. Annexed by Russia during the Partitions of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
in 1795, the town did not develop much, mostly because of the proximity of much more populous town of Pinsk
Pinsk
Pinsk , a town in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pripyat, at the confluence of the Strumen and Pina rivers. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk. It is a fertile agricultural center. It lies south-west of Minsk. The population is about 130,000...
. At the end of 19th century it had circa 3000 inhabitants, mostly peasants and workers in a local minor textile works.
Between 1915 and 1918 occupied by Germany, in 1919 it was transferred to Poland. During the Polish-Bolshevik War it was briefly occupied by the Russians between July and October 1920. After retaken by Poland, the town was the centre of mobilization of Gen. Jarosławcew's 3rd Volga Infantry Division, part of Gen. Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz's forces. Between the wars, the town remained a minor and rather non-notable centre of commerce in the area. In 1926 it was linked with the world by a new railroad. This however did not lead to fast development as the industry preferred other regions of Poland.
During the Polish Defensive War
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
of 1939, there was an armed unrest of local Jewish inhabitants against the Polish Army and Polish reffugees, and in support of the invading Soviet forces. Until June 27, 1941 the town was occupied by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and then until July 1944 by Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. During the German occupation most of the Jewish inhabitants of the area perished in the Holocaust. On January 22, 1943 30 locals were murdered as a reprisal for Ponury's action against the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
prison in Pinsk
Pinsk
Pinsk , a town in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pripyat, at the confluence of the Strumen and Pina rivers. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk. It is a fertile agricultural center. It lies south-west of Minsk. The population is about 130,000...
. Occupied by the Soviet 61st Army, the town was annexed by the USSR to the Byelorussian SSR
Byelorussian SSR
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was one of fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union. It was one of the four original founding members of the Soviet Union in 1922, together with the Ukrainian SSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic...
.
A seat of a rayon
Rayon
Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally occurring polymers, it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic or artificial fiber. Rayon is known by the names viscose rayon and art silk in the textile industry...
between 1954 and 1962 and again from 1965, since 1991 the town is part of Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
.
External links
- Photos on Radzima.org
- Pre-war photos of Janów Poleski
- Janów on a lithography by Napoleon OrdaNapoleon OrdaNapoleon Orda was a Belarusian and Polish-Lithuanian musician, pianist, composer and artist.Napoleon Orda was born in the village of Varacevičy in the Pinsk district of Minsk guberniya in his father's manor. His father Michał Orda was an impoverished noble and the marshal of the powiat of Kobryn...
- Janów-Kamień Koszyrski railroad as of 1926
