Chervonohrad
Encyclopedia
- Chervonohrad should not be confused with the defunct town of CzerwonogródCzerwonogródChervonohorod or Chervone or "Red Town" is a former town in Zalischyky Raion, Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine, that was part of the municipal district of Nyrkiv and the Dzhurin River, with its 16-meter-high waterfall, the highest in the country...
.
Chervonohrad is a city located in the Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
) of western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. The city is designated as a separate raion
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
(district) within the oblast. It about 62 km north of Lviv
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
and 7 km from Sokal
Sokal
Sokal is a town located on the banks of the Bug River in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Sokal Raion , the city itself also ranks as a separate raion within the oblast.- History :...
. The population numbers 68,300 inhabitants.
Prior to 1953, the city was known as Krystynopol ' onMouseout='HidePop("4091")' href="/topics/Romanization_of_Ukrainian">translit.
Romanization of Ukrainian
The romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin letters. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, a variation of Cyrillic....
Krystynopil’). The German name for it was Krisnipolye. The city is known for mining that started in the 1950s. It passed from Poland to USSR after the territory exchange
1951 Polish-Soviet territorial exchange
The 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange or Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951 was a border adjustments signed in Moscow between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union regarding roughly of land, along their mutual border...
in 1951.
Municipality of Chervonohrad also includes the town of Sosnivka
Sosnivka
Sosnivka is a city in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. Population is 11,889 ....
and the settlement of urban type Hirnyk
Hirnyk
Hirnyk is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Population is 14,207 ....
.
Population
- 1939 —
- 1959 —
- 1970 —
- 1974 —
- 1981 —
- 1989 —
- 2001 —
- 2005 —
- 2010 —
Economics
Since 1951 the city became the center of newly emerged coal mining basin.Other enterprises, besides the mining works, include:
- a foundry producing iron-beton products
- wood processing plant
- dairy
- tailoring factory
- stockings factory
Education
- Branch of Lviv National Polytechnic UniversityLviv PolytechnicLviv Polytechnic National University is the largest scientific university in Lviv. Since its foundation in 1844, it was one of the most important centres of science and technological development in Central Europe. In the interbellum period, the Polytechnic was one of the most important technical...
- Mining College
History
In May 1685 the royal hetmanHetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
, Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
Voivode Feliks Kazimierz Potocki
Feliks Kazimierz Potocki
Feliks Kazimierz "Szczęsny" Potocki was a Polish noble, magnate and military leader.He was the son of Hetman and magnate Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki and Zofia Kalinowska, and brother of Hetman Andrzej Potocki. He married the daughter of Hetman and Marshal of the Crown Prince Jerzy Sebastian...
, bought himself a new piece of land - on the Bug River
Bug River
The Bug River is a left tributary of the Narew river flows from central Ukraine to the west, passing along the Ukraine-Polish and Polish-Belarusian border and into Poland, where it empties into the Narew river near Serock. The part between the lake and the Vistula River is sometimes referred to as...
. In 1692, he founded a city on the lands of the village Novyi Dvir (literally New Garden, Polish Nowy Dwór), which he named after the wife of the magnate, Krystyna (maiden last name Lubomirski
Lubomirski
Lubomirski family is a Polish szlachta family. The family used the "Szreniawa without a cross" arms and their motto was: Nil conscire sibi ....
, 1661–1699). Potocki made Krystonopil his family centre. He died here on September 22, 1702. His grandson Franz Salezy Potocki built a palace and founded (1763) a monastery of Basilians (barocco church of Saint George; prior to 1946 р. - mircale place with wonder icon of Mother of God).
In the 19th century, the "Krystonopil Apostol" and famous chronicle from 1763–1779, were kept in this city.
The Catholic order of Myrrh-bearing Sisters were founded in 1910 in Chervonohrad (then Krystynopol) by Fr. Yulian Datsii. The congregation was founded to gather funds to build a home for orphans and the poor. The first members of the congregation vowed to build two buildings: one for the people, one for the congregation. In 1913 the first convent arose, where 15 sisters lived.
Among the landmarks of the city is Count Potocki
Potocki
Potocki is the surname of a Polish noble family.-History:The Potocki family is a great artistocratic family originated from Potok in the Kraków Voivodeship; their family name derives from that place name. The family is heavily entwined with the cultural development and history of Poland's Eastern...
's Palace - the palatial home of count Potocki
Potocki
Potocki is the surname of a Polish noble family.-History:The Potocki family is a great artistocratic family originated from Potok in the Kraków Voivodeship; their family name derives from that place name. The family is heavily entwined with the cultural development and history of Poland's Eastern...
.
Krystynopol Jews
Presently there are 11-100 Jews residing in Chervonohrad. The earliest known Jewish community dates back to 1740. In 1931 the Jewish population was 2200. The Jewish cemetery dates from 18th century with the last known Hasidic burial in 1941. Chervonohrad Jews had been deported to the death camp in BelzecBelzec extermination camp
Belzec, Polish spelling Bełżec , was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for implementing Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust...
in September, 1942. The Jewish last name and rabbinical family Kristinopoler / Kristianpoller stem from the former name of the city - Krystynopol. Jewish immigrants to America from this city founded Krystenopoler Synagogue and First Krystenopoler Sick Benevolent Association Brith Isaac in New York. From Chervonohrad stem the Jewish descendants of Shlomo Turteltaub, who was born in Chervonohrad (then Krystynopol), circa 1900. This Jewish family branch is composed of two sub-branches: the Canadian and the Israeli. The Jewish cemetery is located in the town centre, at Shevs'ka Street.