Uhniv
Encyclopedia
Uhniv is a city in the Lviv Oblast
(province
) of western Ukraine
. Population is 1,021 (2001).
Uhniv (or Uhnow, Uchnów or Hivniv) is the smallest city of Ukraine
aside couple of cities in the Zone of alienation
in the northern Ukraine. It is part of Sokal Raion
and is located 22 km from Belz
and 21 km from Rava Ruska. The capital of the district is Lviv
(Lwów). It is located almost on the Ukrainian-Polish border.
At the end of 2nd century AD the Goths
invaded Galicia. They conquered the Hivniv area and settled there. At the end of the 4th century the Huns conquered and replaced the Goths. In the middle of the 5th century the Slovenes took control of the area. In 1019 the area was conquered by Polish Crown; until 1462 the area was under ducal control. In that year Belz was established as a capital of voivodeship
(pol. województwo) under Polish rule - this district included the town that was later called Hivniv. The settlements in the Belz area belonged to various owners; some to the kingdom (these were called crown cities) and some individuals calles squires.
In that year (1462) King Casimir IV Jagiellon
gave town privileges
and the name Uhnów (Hivniv) to the place, so the village became an independent town, free of wider supervision. The inhabitants were not under the squires control but under the king's rule.
In 1477 several villages were included in the general area of Hivniv, This area was extended 1n 1595.
In 1914 there were more than 20 villages surrounding the town of Hivniv.
In 1497 the crusaders came to the district to help the Polish
king against Tutkish invaders. In 1548-9 the Tatars invaded; from 1648-1655 the area suffered from the Cossack uprising
under Bohdan Khmelnytsky
, hetman
of the Zaporozhian who joined forces with the Tartars against Poland.
In the following years many wars took place there, until the division of Poland
and the transfer of Galicia to Austrian rule. After World War II, along with the 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange, the Soviet Union
took control of the area.
In 1629 30 families.
In 1648-9 100 families.
In the "Tiet Hion" scrolls of Rabbi Shmuel Feivish, son of Rabbi Nathan Pytel wrote in 1658:
"From there the enemy went to Megirov
where there were about 100 families who escaped to Narol
(mentioned before). From there the enemy went to Potylicz - also about 100 families - who escaped to Narol. The enemy went to Rava-Ruska
which had 100 families and they also ran away to Narol... In Narol there were 600 householders, not counting refugees; altogether more than 5000 families. As a result of our many sins, a terrible decree was issued and more than 10,000 people were killed, including woman and children.
from there, the enemy advanced to Belz
which had about 200 families. In addition, Belz had more than 10,000 families who escaped from other towns because Belz was a very strong city. But some died of hunger. From there the enemy went to Uhnów (Hivniv) which had 100 families - they all were killed by their enemies. From there the enemy went to Tishvits which had 100 families and killed most of them. The enemy went to Sokal
which had 100 families who had behind a very thick wall which was built like a fortress and so were saved".
The Jewish community was rebuilt by Jews from the surrounding area. After calm restored, they came out of hiding, built new homes, and lived there until World War II
.
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
) of western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. Population is 1,021 (2001).
Uhniv (or Uhnow, Uchnów or Hivniv) is the smallest city of Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
aside couple of cities in the Zone of alienation
Zone of alienation
The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone, which is sometimes referred to as The Chernobyl Zone, The 30 Kilometer Zone, The Zone of Alienation, or simply The Zone The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone, which is sometimes referred to as The Chernobyl Zone, The 30 Kilometer Zone, The Zone of...
in the northern Ukraine. It is part of Sokal Raion
Sokal Raion
Sokal Raion is a raion in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Sokal. It has a population of 94 500.It was established in 1939.-External links:*...
and is located 22 km from Belz
Belz
Belz , a small city in the Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river and the Rzeczyca stream....
and 21 km from Rava Ruska. The capital of the district is Lviv
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
(Lwów). It is located almost on the Ukrainian-Polish border.
At the end of 2nd century AD the Goths
Goths
The Goths were an East Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin whose two branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe....
invaded Galicia. They conquered the Hivniv area and settled there. At the end of the 4th century the Huns conquered and replaced the Goths. In the middle of the 5th century the Slovenes took control of the area. In 1019 the area was conquered by Polish Crown; until 1462 the area was under ducal control. In that year Belz was established as a capital of voivodeship
Voivodeship
Voivodship is a term denoting the position of, or more commonly the area administered by, a voivod. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times in Poland, Romania, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia and Serbia....
(pol. województwo) under Polish rule - this district included the town that was later called Hivniv. The settlements in the Belz area belonged to various owners; some to the kingdom (these were called crown cities) and some individuals calles squires.
In that year (1462) King Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG of the House of Jagiellon was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.Casimir was the second son of King Władysław II Jagiełło , and the younger brother of Władysław III of Varna....
gave town privileges
Town privileges
Town privileges or city rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges were related to trading...
and the name Uhnów (Hivniv) to the place, so the village became an independent town, free of wider supervision. The inhabitants were not under the squires control but under the king's rule.
In 1477 several villages were included in the general area of Hivniv, This area was extended 1n 1595.
In 1914 there were more than 20 villages surrounding the town of Hivniv.
In 1497 the crusaders came to the district to help the Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
king against Tutkish invaders. In 1548-9 the Tatars invaded; from 1648-1655 the area suffered from the Cossack uprising
Zaporozhia Cossack uprisings
The Cossack uprisings were a series of military conflicts between the cossacks and the states claiming dominion over the territories the Cossacks lived in, namely the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Both states tried to exert control...
under Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky was a hetman of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state...
, hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
of the Zaporozhian who joined forces with the Tartars against Poland.
In the following years many wars took place there, until the division of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and the transfer of Galicia to Austrian rule. After World War II, along with the 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
took control of the area.
Jews of Hivniv
The Jewish community of Uhnow (Hivniv) goes back very far. There is little historical evidence of this since. The place is too small to be mentioned in Jewish or other records. But thanks to famous rabbis who are mentioned in various sources because of their importance, it is clear that a Jewish community existed there for at least 350 years and even had a rabbinical court and Judge.In 1629 30 families.
In 1648-9 100 families.
In the "Tiet Hion" scrolls of Rabbi Shmuel Feivish, son of Rabbi Nathan Pytel wrote in 1658:
"From there the enemy went to Megirov
Nemyriv (Lviv Oblast)
Niemirów is a village and a health resort 21 kilometres from Rava-Ruska in Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. Before the Polish September Campaign, until September 17, 1939, it was in Lwów Voivodeship . The current estimated population is 4000 .-See also:*Roztocze*Roztocze National Park...
where there were about 100 families who escaped to Narol
Narol
Narol is a town in Podkarpacie Voivodeship, in Lubaczów County, Poland. It had a population of 2,109 as of 2009. Narol is situated in the northeast of Podkarpackie region, in an area called Narolschyzna. The town of Narol regained the rank of 'city' in 1996....
(mentioned before). From there the enemy went to Potylicz - also about 100 families - who escaped to Narol. The enemy went to Rava-Ruska
Rava-Ruska
Rava-Ruska is a city in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine.It is located near the border with Poland, opposite the town of Hrebenne. It is located in the Zhovkva Raion at around . The current estimated population is 8,100 ....
which had 100 families and they also ran away to Narol... In Narol there were 600 householders, not counting refugees; altogether more than 5000 families. As a result of our many sins, a terrible decree was issued and more than 10,000 people were killed, including woman and children.
from there, the enemy advanced to Belz
Belz
Belz , a small city in the Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river and the Rzeczyca stream....
which had about 200 families. In addition, Belz had more than 10,000 families who escaped from other towns because Belz was a very strong city. But some died of hunger. From there the enemy went to Uhnów (Hivniv) which had 100 families - they all were killed by their enemies. From there the enemy went to Tishvits which had 100 families and killed most of them. The enemy went to Sokal
Sokal
Sokal is a town located on the banks of the Bug River in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Sokal Raion , the city itself also ranks as a separate raion within the oblast.- History :...
which had 100 families who had behind a very thick wall which was built like a fortress and so were saved".
The Jewish community was rebuilt by Jews from the surrounding area. After calm restored, they came out of hiding, built new homes, and lived there until World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.