Dundee
Encyclopedia
Dundee is the fourth-largest city
in Scotland
and the 39th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands
on the north bank of the Firth of Tay
, which feeds into the North Sea
. Under the name of Dundee City, it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland.
The town developed into a burgh
in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the jute
industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
In mid-2008, the population of the City of Dundee was estimated to be 152,320. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined due to emigration
.
Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City, Many Discoveries', in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery
, Robert Falcon Scott
's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the University of Dundee
and the University of Abertay Dundee
. A £300 million master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre which started in 2001 is expected to be completed within a 30 year period.
place-name element dun, meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic dè, meaning 'fire'.
While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant, the source of Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion's charter, granting the earldom of Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon
) in the late 12th century. The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre, led to a period of prosperity and growth. The earldom was passed down to David's descendants amongst whom was John Balliol
, the town becoming a Royal Burgh
on the coronation of John as king in 1292. The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the First War of Independence
and recaptured by Robert the Bruce in early 1312. The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.
The burgh suffered considerably during the War of the Rough Wooing of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of Andrew Dudley
from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground. In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose
. The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces, led by George Monck in 1651. The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jacobite
cause when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart
standard on the Dundee Law
in 1689.
The economy of mediaeval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century. The introduction of two government acts in the mid eighteenth century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success. The textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-story mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on Osnaburg
linen produced for export. Expansion of the whaling
industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skillbase. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.
The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for the production of cheaper, tough fabrics. The discovery that the dry fibers of jute
could be lubricated with whale oil
(of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax. Interruption of Prussia
n flax imports during the Crimean War
and of cotton during the American Civil War
resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century. Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, lead to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.
The rise of the textiles industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries, and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand on port capacity. At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including Robert Falcon Scott
's Antarctic research vessel, the RRS Discovery
. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city. A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil
. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.
While the city's economy was dominated by the Jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were James Keiller's and sons
, established in 1795, which pioneered commercial marmalade
production, and the publishing firm DC Thomson & Co.
, which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the Tay Bridge disaster
. The first Tay rail bridge
was opened in 1879. It collapsed less than a year later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.
The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in Calcutta. This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period, but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like Timex and NCR, and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.
A £300 million master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30 year period between 2001 and 2031. The aims of the project will be to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; replacing the existing inner ring road with a
pair of east/west tree lined boulevards; a new civic square and a re-opened dock stretching from the Caird Hall and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge.
Dundee was granted Royal Burgh
status on the coronation of John Balliol
as King of Scotland in 1292. The city has two mottos— (Gift of God) and Prudentia et Candore (With Thought and Purity) although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.
Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of Longforgan
(which included Invergowrie
) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
. This placed Monifieth
and Invergowrie
in the unitary authorities of Angus
and Perth and Kinross
, largely reinstating the pre-1975 county
boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.
Dundee is one of 32 council areas of Scotland, represented by the Dundee City Council, a local authority composed of 29 elected councillor
s. Previously the city was a county of a city
and later a district
of the Tayside
region
. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the Lord Provost
, a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. Dundee House, the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street, opened in August 2011. This has replaced Tayside House which is due to be demolished in early 2012 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements.
The council was controlled by a minority coalition of Labour
and Liberal Democrats
of 12 councillors, with the support of the Conservatives
who had five. Although the Scottish National Party
(SNP) was the largest party on the council, with 11 councillors. Elections to the council are on a four year cycle, the most recent as of 2007 being on 3 May 2007. Previously, Councillors were elected from single-member wards
by the first past the post system of election, although this changed in the 2007 election, due to the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
. Eight new multi-member wards were introduced, each electing three or four councillors by single transferable vote
, to produce a form of proportional representation
.
The 2007 election resulted in no single party having overall control, with 13 Scottish National Party
, 10 Labour
, 3 Conservatives
, 2 Liberal Democrats
, and 1 Independent Councillors. A March 2009 by election in the Maryfield ward changed the balance to 14 Scottish National Party
, 9 Labour
, 3 Conservatives
, 2 Liberal Democrats
, and 2 Independent Councillors.
at Westminster, the city area and portions of the Angus
council area are divided in two constituencies
. The constituencies of Dundee East
and Dundee West
are as of 2010 represented by Stewart Hosie
(Scottish National Party
) and James McGovern
(Labour
), respectively. For elections to the Scottish Parliament
at Holyrood
, the city area is divided between three constituencies. The Dundee East (Holyrood) constituency
and the Dundee West (Holyrood) constituency
are entirely within the city area. The Angus South (Holyrood) constituency
includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area. All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region: Shona Robison
(SNP) is the Member of the Scottish Parliament
(MSP) for the Dundee East constituency; Joe Fitzpatrick
(SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency and Graeme Dey
(SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.
Dundee is also part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency
which elects seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s using the d'Hondt method
of party-list proportional representation
. Scotland returns two Labour
MEPs, two SNP
MEPs, one Conservative and Unionist
MEP and one Liberal Democrat
MEP, to the European Parliament
.
on the eastern, North Sea
Coast of Scotland. The city lies 36.1 miles (58 km) NNE
of Edinburgh
and 360.6 miles (580 km) NNW
of London
. The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape 8.3 miles (13 km) long by 2.5 miles (4 km) wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of 60 km2. The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation
of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the Dundee Law (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water burn, the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the Sidlaw Hills
, the most prominent hill being Craigowl Hill
(455 m).
The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two burns that are tributaries of the River Tay
. On the western-most boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the Invergowrie
burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin. The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of Strathmartine
and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between Barnhill
and Monifieth
. The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been culvert
ed over.
, and the predominant bedrock type is Old Red Sandstone
of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group. Differential weathering
of a series of igneous intrusions has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the Dundee Law
(a late Silurian
/early Devonian
Mafic
rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a Felsic
rock intrusion of similar age). To the east of the city, in Craigie and Broughty Ferry
, the bedrock geology is of extrusive rocks, including mafic lava
and tuff
.
The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the West and east of the city bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a brown forest soil type with some gleying
, the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.
Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the War of the Rough Wooing being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining. The area occupied by the mediaeval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation. Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (Lochee
), Scouring Burn (Blackness
) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills. The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.
Working class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas. Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in unsanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population. While gradual improvements and slum
clearance began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking Logie
housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect James Thomson
, whose legacy also includes the housing estate of Craigiebank
and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.
Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The mediaeval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre. The Tay Road Bridge
, completed in 1966 had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river. An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s. These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing in throughout the 1960s. Much of this, in particular the high rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, have been demolished since the 1990s or are scheduled for future demolition.
is Oceanic
(Köppen-Geiger
classification Cfb). Mean temperature and rainfall is typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with its sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maximums are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in Spring and Summer. The nearest official met office weather station is Mylnefield, Invergowrie
sited about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the City centre.
The absolute maximum of 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) was recorded in August 1995. The warmest month was July 2006, with an average temperature of 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) (mean maximum 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), mean minimum 12.3 °C (54.1 °F)). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach 25.2 °C (77.4 °F), and in total just 1.63 days should equal or exceed a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.
According to the 2001 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 154,674. A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 152,320 in 2008. The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%). The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.
The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Republic of Ireland, 1.33% from other European Union countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75 years old.
Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent
, which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong
/e/ in place of the diphthong
/ai/. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821. Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.
The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, and Poland, seeking refuge from the anti-Jewish pogroms in the 19th century, and later, World War II in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population, and has the third highest Asian population (~3,500) in Scotland after Glasgow and Edinburgh.
The city's universities draw a large number of students from abroad (mostly Irish and EU but with an increasing number from countries in the Far East
), and students account for 14.2% of the population, the highest proportion of the four largest Scottish cities.
The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. NCR Corporation
selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945, primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the 10th anniversary of the plant (known locally amongst Dundonians as "The Cash"), the 250,000th cash machine was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash register
s, and later ATMs, at several of its Dundee plants. The firm, developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers. Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers
was merged into Morphy Richards
and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a Michelin
tyre
-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade
on 30 April 1969.
Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984. In 1983, the first Sinclair
ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a sit-in
by workers protesting job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six month industrial dispute.
, Angus
and Perth and Kinross
commute to the city. In 2009, there were 30 employers who employed 300 or more staff. The largest employers in the city are NHS Tayside, Dundee City Council, University of Dundee
, Tesco
, D. C. Thomson & Co
and BT. Other employers include limited and private companies such as NCR Corporation
, Michelin
, SiTel, Alliance Trust, Norwich Union
, Royal Bank of Scotland
, Asda
, Strathtay Scottish
, Tayside Contracts, Tokheim, Scottish Citylink
, W H Brown Construction, C J Lang & Son, Joinery and Timber Creations, HBOS
, Debenhams
, Travel Dundee
, WL Gore and Associates
. The only sectors to see job increases between 2005 and 2009 were in education and human health and social work activities, while manufacturing and administration and support service activities both saw a significant decline. Average weekly earnings of full-time employers in Dundee in May 2010 was £482.80; men received £507.40 and women £418.80. Average earnings in Dundee have increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £482.80 in 2010.
The biomedical and biotechnology
sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology
and Video game development have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years. Rockstar North
, developer of Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto
series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones; an undergraduate of the University of Abertay Dundee
. Other game development studios in Dundee include Denki
, Ruffian Games
, Dynamo Games
, 4J Studios
, Cohort Studios
amongst others.
Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked 4th in Retail Rankings in Scotland. The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as Marks and Spencer, Monsoon
, Accessorize and Zara
. The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the 420000 sq ft (39,019.3 m²) Overgate Centre which is anchored by Debenhams
, H&M
, Next and Primark
and the 310000 sq ft (28,799.9 m²) Wellgate Centre by BHS, T.J. Hughes and Peacocks
.
which connects the city to the M90
and Perth
in the west, and Forfar
and Aberdeen
in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a dual carriageway
and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the Kingsway. East of the A90's Forfar Road junction, the Kingsway East continues as the A972
, and meets the A92
at the Scott Fyffe roundabout. Travelling east, the A92 connects the city to Arbroath
and Montrose
and to the south with Fife
via the Tay Road Bridge
.
The A930
links the city with coastal settlements to the east, including Broughty Ferry, Monifieth
and Carnoustie
. Progressing westward from where the A92 meets the Tay Road Bridge at the Riverside Roundabout, the A85
follows the southern boundary of the city along Riverside Drive and towards the A90 at the Swallow Roundabout. The A85 multiplexes with the A90 and diverges again at Perth.
Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the A991
Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The A923
Dundee to Dunkeld
road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the A929 links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.
Dundee has an extensive public bus transport system, with the Seagate bus station
serving as the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. National Express Dundee operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by Stagecoach Strathtay. The city's two railway stations are the main Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station
, which is situated near the waterfront and the much smaller Broughty Ferry Station
, which is located to the eastern end of the city. These are complemented by the stations at Invergowrie
, Balmossie
and Monifieth
. Passenger services at Dundee are provided by First ScotRail
, CrossCountry
and East Coast
. There are no freight services that serve the city since the Freightliner
terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.
There are also many intercity bus services offered by Megabus
, Citylink
and National Express
.
Dundee Airport
offers commercial flights to London City Airport
, Birmingham International Airport and Belfast City
. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport
, 59.2 miles (95.3 km) to the south.
The nearest international passenger seaport is Newcastle upon Tyne
.
Dundee is home to one independent school
, the High School of Dundee
, which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot
and monk
s of Lindores Abbey
. The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832-34. Early students included Thomas Thomson and Hector Boece
, as well as the brothers James, John and Robert Wedderburn
who were the authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis, used early in the Scottish Reformation
as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology. It was the earliest reformed school in Scotland, having adopted the new religion in 1554. According to Blind Harry
's largely apocryphal work The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace
, William Wallace
was also educated in Dundee.
Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 17,000.
The University of Dundee
became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews
during which time it was known initially as University College and latterly as Queen's College. Significant research in biomedical fields and oncology
is carried out in the "College of Life Sciences". The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art and Design and the teacher training college.
The University of Abertay Dundee
was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in computer games
technology.
Dundee College
is the city's umbrella further education
college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training.
The Al-Maktoum Institute was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2001. It is a research-led institution of higher education which offers postgraduate programmes of study (taught Masters and MPhil/PhD research) in the study of Islam
and multiculturalism
. It is an independent institution, with its degree programmes validated by the University of Aberdeen
. It is named after its patron, Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
.
The Church of Scotland
Presbytery
of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, 21 of which are in the city itself, with a further five in Broughty Ferry and Barnhill
, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges. Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's)
and the Steeple Church
, are the most prominent Church of Scotland
buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary, of which only the 15th century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland. Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to St Clement
, has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.
In the Middle Ages
Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans
(Blackfriars), and Franciscans (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation
, in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street and The Howff
burial ground respectively.
St. Paul's Cathedral
is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin
. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 8 congregations in the city (9, including Broughty Ferry), as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. The diocese was led by Bishop John Mantle until October 2010 when Bishop Mantle retired. The Diocese will be electing a new bishop in the Spring of 2011. St. Andrew's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic
Diocese of Dunkeld
, led by Bishop Vincent Paul Logan
. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area.
There are Methodist
, Baptist
, Congregationalist, Pentacostalist and Salvation Army
churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the Unitarian
s, the Society of Friends, the Jehovah's Witnesses
, Christadelphians
, and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
s are served by the Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque
in Brown Street built in 2000 to replace their former premises in Hilltown. There are also smaller mosques at Victoria Road and Dura Street.
A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century. There is a small Orthodox
synagogue
at Dudhope Park that was built in the 1960s, with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (5 km) to the east. Samye Dzong Dundee is a Buddhist
Temple based in Reform Street. There is also a Hindu
mandir and Sikh
gurdwara
that share a premises in Taylor's Lane situated in the West End
of the city, and there is a second gurdwara in Victoria Road.
Dundee is home to Scotland's only full-time repertory
ensemble, established in the 1930s. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor Brian Cox is a native of the city. The Dundee Repertory Theatre
, built in 1982 is the base for Scottish Dance Theatre
.
Dundee's principal concert
auditorium
, the Caird Hall
(named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird
) in the City Square regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra
. Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual Jazz
, Guitar
and Blues
Festivals. The Dundee Contemporary Arts
, which opened in 1999 in the city's cultural quarter, is home to both an art gallery and art house cinema.
The city's main museum and art gallery, McManus Galleries
is in Albert Square. The exhibits include a collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Britain's only full-time public observatory
, Mills Observatory
at the summit of the city's Balgay Hill
was gifted to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist, john mills in 1935. Sensation Science Centre
in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses through a series of interactive shows and exhibits. Verdant Works
is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill. A new £47 million pound centre for art and design known as the "V&A at Dundee" is to be built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay
for completion in 2014. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs for the area.
The city's archives and records are mostly kept by two archives, Dundee City Archives, which are operated by Dundee City Council and the University of Dundee
's Archive Services. Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former Tayside Regional Council. the archive also holds the records of various people groups and organizations connected to the city. The Univerity's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the University and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the University such as D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
. Archive Services is also home to athe archives of several individuals, businesses and organizations based in Dundee and the surrounding area. The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute
and linen
industry in Dundee, records of other businesses including the archives of the Alliance Trust
and the department store G. L. Wilson, the records of the Brechin Diocese of the Scottish Episcopal Church
and the NHS Tayside
Archive. The same archive also holds the Michael Peto
collection which includes thousands of the famed photojournalist's photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.
Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Son Ltd established in 1905, which produces over 200 million magazines, newspapers and comics every year, which include The Beano
, The Dandy
and the The Press and Journal. Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include A. L. Kennedy
, Rosamunde Pilcher
, Kate Atkinson
, Thomas Dick
, Mary Shelley
, Mick McCluskey, John Burnside
and Neil Forsyth. The Dundee International Book Prize
is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. William McGonagall, regularly cited as the "world's worst poet", worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work The Tay Bridge Disaster. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.
DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF) among other important international Mountain film
festivals. The animator
, Jimmy MacDonald, the voice of Mickey Mouse
from 1946 until the early 1980s, was born in the city in 1906.
, Danny Wilson
and the Indie rock
bands The View
and The Law
are from Dundee.Ricky Ross
of Deacon Blue
and singer-songwriter
KT Tunstall
are former pupils of the High School of Dundee
, although Tunstall is not a native of the city. The Northern Irish
indie rock band Snow Patrol
was formed by students at the University of Dundee
,
Brian Molko
, lead singer of Placebo
, grew up in the city.
At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual blues
festival known as the Dundee Blues Bonanza.
broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre. STV North's Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an STV News Tayside opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, STV News at Six
. The city also has a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.
The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980. The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching Tay FM
for a younger audience and Tay AM
playing classic hits. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed Wave 102
.
The University of Dundee has also launched its student radio (internet based) which can be streamed online at www.discoverradio.org. Housed in the Dundee University Students Association building, the station has been broadcasting since September 2010 and includes live shows, music and chat about the city and university life.
and Dundee United
who play at Dens Park
and Tannadice Park
, respectively. Their stadiums are closer together than any senior football club pair in the UK. Dundee is one of only three British cities to have produced two European Cup
semi-finalists. Dundee lost to A.C. Milan
in 1963 and Dundee United lost to A.S. Roma
in 1984. Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in 1987. There are also seven junior football
teams in the area: Dundee North End
, East Craigie
, Lochee Harp
, Lochee United
, Dundee Violet
, Broughty Athletic
and Downfield
.
The city is also home to five rugby union
teams – Dundee High School Former Pupils
rugby club who play in the RBS Premiership Division One; Morgan Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Premiership Division Three; Harris Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Caledonian Division Two Midlands and Panmure R.F.C. and Stobswell R.F.C. both in the RBS Caledonian Division Three Midlands.
Dundee Stars, the main ice hockey
team, play at the Dundee Ice Arena
. The team joined the Elite League
in the 2010/2011 season. Other sports clubs operating in the city include Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Northern Lights floorball
club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics and Dundee Radio Controlled Car Club.
A new £24 million Olympia leisure centre with multi-storey car park which will replace the exiting facility, construction has begun and is progressing very well, the structure is complete and is scheduled for a completion date in early 2012.
. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater
reservoirs in Glen Isla
. Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc
, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.
Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council. There is a kerbside recycling
scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis. Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks. Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.
Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee. Items accepted include, steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. According to recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.
Law enforcement is provided by Tayside Police
. The headquarters of Tayside Police
are in West Bell Street. There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.
Healthcare
is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside
. Ninewells Hospital
, is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Primary Health Care in Dundee is supplied by a number of General Practices. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the Scottish Ambulance Service
which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife. There are two ambulance stations for the city; one on West School Road and the other at Ninewells Hospital.
Dundee maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with six twin cities
:
In addition, the Scottish Episcopalian
Diocese
of Brechin
(centred on St Paul's Cathedral
in Dundee) is twinned with the diocese of Iowa
, United States and the diocese of Swaziland
.
| date = 1 May 2005 | url = http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | accessdate =6 September 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 |archivedate = 27 April 2006}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8160624.stm | title = City promotes Emirates connection | work = BBC News | date = 21 July 2009 | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm | title = Dundee Stars join top UK league | work = BBC Sport | date = 28 April 2010 | accessdate=7 August 2011}} | title = Dragging a building into the 21st Century | work = Scottish Planner | page = 11 | date = July, 2010}} | title = Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan | url = http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp | accessdate =3 May 2011 | date = 19 February 2005 | work= The Scotsman | location=Edinburgh | first=Peter | last=Macmahon}} | title = Time running out for 'least liked' building Tayside House | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html | accessdate =18 August 2011 | date = 17 August 2011 | work = The Courier}} | title = Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided | work = The Courier | date = 4 May 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/13586/fate-of-whitfield-s-skarne-blocks-to-be-decided.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}} | date = 7 December 1966 | title = First Dundee computer next year | work = The Courier}} | title = Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down | work = The Courier | date = 14 September 2010 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}} |url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm | title = Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards | work = University of Dundee | year = 2009 | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week | work = The Courier | date = 5 March 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html| accessdate =16 May 2011}} | title = Tenants gone, soon multi too | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 2 March 2007 | url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm | accessdate =16 May 2011}} | url = http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | title = Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant | work = The Scotsman | date = 29 August 1993 | accessdate =8 July 2006 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | archivedate = 14 June 2006}}
| accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Employment: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Population: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml | title = Contact numbers for BBC Scotland | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/councillors/wardsbysurname/ | title = Councillors - Political Wards - by Councillor Surname | work = Dundee City Council | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4880844.stm | title = Cox may be ambassador for Dundee | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011 | date=5 April 2006}} | url = http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | title = The Diocese of Brechin | publisher = www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk/ | title = The Diocese of Dunkeld | publisher = www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} |url = http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=1168 | title = Dundee Football Club | publisher = www.scottishfootballleague.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm | title = Dundee Airport | publisher = Dundee City Council |year= 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060811190112/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm |archivedate = 11 August 2006}} | url = http://www.dundeebluesbonanza.co.uk/ | title = Dundee Blues Bonanza | accessdate =6 September 2006}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_77.pdf | title = Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001-2031 | publisher = Dundee City Council and Scottish Enterprise | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://www.searchforhope.org/dundee | title = Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia | publisher = www.searchforhope.org | accessdate =26 October 2010}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm | title = Dundee City Council Political Make-up | work = Dundee City Council website | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_119.pdf | title = Dundee Economic Profile | date = January 2011 | accessdate =24 February 2011}} | url = http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | title = Dundee Hebrew Congregation | publisher = www.scojec.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url =http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=319&Itemid=789 | title = Dundee HSFP Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecentralmosque.org.uk/home.htm | title = Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeemethodist.org.uk | title = Dundee Methodist Church | publisher = www.dundeemethodist.org.uk. | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk/ | title = Dundee Mountain Film Festival | publisher = www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk |accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.quakerscotland.org/dundee | title = Dundee Quaker Meeting | publisher = www.quakerscotland.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm | title = Dundee Scots | work = Wir Ain Leid | accessdate =27 April 2011}} | title = Dundee's Twins Around the World | publisher = Dundee City Council | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ | accessdate =4 July 2006}} | title = Dundee United Football Club, Team Profile | url = http://www.scotprem.com/content/default.asp?page=s10_2 | publisher = Scottish Premier Football League (SPL) | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeewaterfront.com/documents/waterfrontbrochure2_000.pdf | title = Dundee Waterfront Brochure | publisher = Dundee Waterfront | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro63.html |title = European Cup History, Season 1962–1963 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro84.html | title = European Cup History, Season 1983–1984 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | title = Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies | work = Boundary Commission for Scotland | url = http://www.bcomm-scotland.gov.uk | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90520090.pdf | title = General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade | work = Committee of Trade and Development | date = 12 December 1969 | accessdate =17 May 2011}} | title = GeoIndex Onshore | work = British Geological Survey | url = http://www.bgs.ac.uk/GeoIndex/ | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/Constituency%202011/con-angs.htm | title = Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South | publisher = Scottish Parliament | accessdate =7 May 2011}} | url = http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-scotland.html | title = Gurudwaras in Scotland | publisher = www.allaboutsikhs.com | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=304&Itemid=789 | title = Harris Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.hinducounciluk.org/newsite/affiliates.asp#Dundee | title = Hindu Council UK | publisher = www.hinducounciluk.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.historyshelf.org/secf/whale/08.php | title = Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships | accessdate =4 May 2011 | year = 2003 | work = HistoryShelf.org | publisher = East Lothian Council}} | url = http://www.mountainfilmalliance.org/ | title = International Alliance for Mountain Film | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/scotland/dundee.html | title = International Jewish Cemetery Project — Scotland | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = James McGovern, MP for Dundee West | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38863.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.mylocalservices.co.uk/Angus/Religious_Organisations/1733939/Jehovahs_Witnesses.html | title = Jehovah's Witnesses — Angus — Religious Organisations | publisher = www.mylocalservices.co.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://legends.disney.go.com/legends/detail?key=Jimmy+MacDonald | title = Jimmy MacDonald (Animator - Voice) Inducted 1933 | publisher = Walt Disney Company | accessdate =11 June 2011}} | title = Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/joe_fitzpatrick/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://dundee.samye.org/ | title = Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee) | publisher = dundee.samye.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | title = Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/kerbsiderecycling/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}} | title = Kingspark School | url = http://kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk/ | publisher = kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk | accessdate =3 February 2009}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/perth_tayside/article_1.shtml | title = Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee | work = Legacies | publisher = BBC | accessdate =9 July 2006}} | title = List of MEPs in Scotland | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/search.do?country=GB&zone=Scotland&language=EN | publisher = European Parliament | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | title = Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | title = Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2004/20040009.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/hbenviron/pdfs/logie.pdf | title = Logie Conservation Area | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-settlements-table2.pdf | title = Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Settlements in order of size | publisher = General Register for Scotland | year = 2008 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7881894.stm | title = Money for computer games centre | publisher = BBC News | date = 10 February 2009 | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=336&Itemid=789 | title = Morgan Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.constructingcommunities.com/Home/Media/Publications/10-12-15/Mansell_wins_%c2%a324_million_contract_to_build_major_landmark_in_Dundee.aspx | title = Mansell wins £24 million contract to build major landmark in Dundee | publisher = Mansell Construction | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |title = NME Interview with Placebo |publisher = NME
/PlaceboWorld | accessdate =17 July 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060415091720/http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |archivedate = 15 April 2006}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=305&Itemid=789 | title = Panmure RFC and Stobswell RFC Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.tayside.police.uk/Your-Community/Dundee |title=Policing in Dundee |accessdate=21 March 2011}} | work = Office for National Statistics | title = Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority | year = 2002 | url = http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7657 | accessdate =20 April 2010}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_85.pdf | title = Population Matters | accessdate =3 March 2009 | publisher = Dundee City Council}} | url = http://www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk/index.html | title = Presbytery of Dundee | publisher = www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | title = Primary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/primaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | title = Radio Tay's first day | url = http://retrodundee.blogspot.com/2008/11/radio-tays-first-day-1980.html | publisher = retrodundee.blogspot.com | accessdate =29 January 2009 }} | work = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: Canmore Database | title = Dundee, Stannergate | url = http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.newcandig_details_gis?inumlink=33477 | accessdate =22 April 2011}} |url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingcentres/ | title = Recycling Centres | publisher = Dundee City Council |accessdate =21 March 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingpoints/ | title = Recycling Points | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =21 March 2011}} | title = Regional mapped climate averages | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/regmapavge.html#escotland | accessdate =20 April 2011 | work = Met Office}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/dundee | title = Salvation Army Dundee | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/menzieshill | title = Salvation Army Menzieshill | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk |accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml | title = Scotland's Jewish Community | publisher = www.jgsgb.org.uk | accessdate =28 January 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080801015456/http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml |archivedate = 1 August 2008}} | url = http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |title = How we are organised |publisher = Scottish Ambulance Service |accessdate=21 March 2011}} |url = http://www.footballcentral.org/sfa/associations/scottish-junior-football-association/club-directory-a-k.cfm |title = Scottish Junior football teams A-K |publisher = Scottish Junior Football Association |accessdate =6 December 2009}} | title = Secondary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/secondaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | title = Sensation Science Centre | url = http://www.sensation.org.uk/index.php?p=117 | publisher = www.sensation.org.uk | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | title = Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/shona_robison/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | title = Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38317.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | last = Borges | first = Mario Mesquita | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Snow Patrol Biography | work = Yahoo! Music
| publisher = Yahoo!
| date = | url = http://music.yahoo.com/ar-296554-bio--Snow-Patrol | doi = | accessdate =6 September 2006 }} | title = Tannadice Park | url = http://scottishfootballarchive.co.uk/grounds/tannadice-park | publisher = scottishfootballarchive.co.uk | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dmadesign.org/ | title = The Complete History of DMA Design| accessdate =9 July 2006 | work = The DMA History Site}} | url = http://www.tbcdundee.org.uk | title = Trinity Baptist Church Dundee | publisher = www.tbcdundee.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url =http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1986/intro.html | title = UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987 | publisher = www.uefa.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://mosques.muslimsinbritain.org/show-browse.php?town=Dundee | title = UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | title = UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator | url = http://www.postcode.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8452055.stm | title = Dundee to get its own V&A museum | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011 | date=11 January 2010}} | publisher = Waste Aware Tayside | accessdate =3 June 2011 | title = Facts and Figures | url = http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp}} | url = http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | title = Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee | publisher = www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title=Aug 1995 Maximum | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 | title = Jul 2006 Mean | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title = 1971-2000 average warmest day | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 | title = 1971-2000 >25c days | accessdate =22 March 2011}}
Landranger Map | edition = B2 | year = 2007 | isbn = 0319229807}} | work = Soil Survey of Scotland | publisher = Macaulay Institute for Soil Research | location = Aberdeen | year = 1982 | title = Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland}} | last = Pont | first = T. | title = Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. | publisher = www.nls.uk | date=c1583-96 | url = http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | accessdate =22 April 2011}}
City status in the United Kingdom
City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the British monarch to a select group of communities. The holding of city status gives a settlement no special rights other than that of calling itself a "city". Nonetheless, this appellation carries its own prestige and, consequently, competitions...
in Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
and the 39th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands
Central Lowlands
The Central Lowlands or Midland Valley is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying land in southern Scotland. It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south...
on the north bank of the Firth of Tay
Firth of Tay
The Firth of Tay is a firth in Scotland between the council areas of Fife, Perth and Kinross, the City of Dundee and Angus, into which Scotland's largest river in terms of flow, the River Tay, empties....
, which feeds into the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
. Under the name of Dundee City, it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland.
The town developed into a burgh
Burgh
A burgh was an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United...
in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the jute
Jute
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, which has been classified in the family Tiliaceae, or more recently in Malvaceae....
industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
In mid-2008, the population of the City of Dundee was estimated to be 152,320. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined due to emigration
Emigration
Emigration is the act of leaving one's country or region to settle in another. It is the same as immigration but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state is termed migration. There are many reasons why people...
.
Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City, Many Discoveries', in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery
RRS Discovery
The RRS Discovery was the last traditional wooden three-masted ship to be built in Britain. Designed for Antarctic research, she was launched in 1901. Her first mission was the British National Antarctic Expedition, carrying Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton on their first, successful...
, Robert Falcon Scott
Robert Falcon Scott
Captain Robert Falcon Scott, CVO was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13...
's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the University of Dundee
University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on eastern coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland and with a small number of institutions elsewhere....
and the University of Abertay Dundee
University of Abertay Dundee
The University of Abertay Dundee, usually known simply as Abertay University, is a modern university in Dundee, Scotland.- History :The University of Abertay Dundee was created in 1994, under government legislation granting the title University to the Dundee Institute of Technology...
. A £300 million master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre which started in 2001 is expected to be completed within a 30 year period.
History
The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common CelticCeltic languages
The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family...
place-name element dun, meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic dè, meaning 'fire'.
While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant, the source of Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion's charter, granting the earldom of Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon
Earl of Huntingdon
Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. The title is associated with the ruling house of Scotland, and latterly with the Hastings family.-Early history:...
) in the late 12th century. The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre, led to a period of prosperity and growth. The earldom was passed down to David's descendants amongst whom was John Balliol
John of Scotland
John Balliol , known to the Scots as Toom Tabard , was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.-Early life:Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities include Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham...
, the town becoming a Royal Burgh
Royal burgh
A royal burgh was a type of Scottish burgh which had been founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter. Although abolished in 1975, the term is still used in many of the former burghs....
on the coronation of John as king in 1292. The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the First War of Independence
First War of Scottish Independence
The First War of Scottish Independence lasted from the invasion by England in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328...
and recaptured by Robert the Bruce in early 1312. The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.
The burgh suffered considerably during the War of the Rough Wooing of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of Andrew Dudley
Andrew Dudley
Sir Andrew Dudley, KG was an English soldier, courtier, and diplomat. A younger brother of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, he served in Henry VIII's navy and obtained court offices under Edward VI...
from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground. In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, who initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed...
. The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces, led by George Monck in 1651. The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jacobite
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...
cause when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
standard on the Dundee Law
Law, Dundee
Law, Dundee is an area located in the centre of Dundee, Scotland. Its predominant feature is an extinct volcano which gives it its name.-Geology:...
in 1689.
The economy of mediaeval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century. The introduction of two government acts in the mid eighteenth century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success. The textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-story mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on Osnaburg
Osnaburg
Osnaburg was a coarse type of plain textile fabric, named for the city of Osnabrück . Originally made from flax yarns, it has been made from either flax, tow or jute yarns, sometimes flax or tow warp with mixed or jute weft, and often entirely of jute...
linen produced for export. Expansion of the whaling
Whaling
Whaling is the hunting of whales mainly for meat and oil. Its earliest forms date to at least 3000 BC. Various coastal communities have long histories of sustenance whaling and harvesting beached whales...
industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skillbase. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.
The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for the production of cheaper, tough fabrics. The discovery that the dry fibers of jute
Jute
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, which has been classified in the family Tiliaceae, or more recently in Malvaceae....
could be lubricated with whale oil
Whale oil
Whale oil is the oil obtained from the blubber of various species of whales, particularly the three species of right whale and the bowhead whale prior to the modern era, as well as several other species of baleen whale...
(of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax. Interruption of Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n flax imports during the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
and of cotton during the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century. Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, lead to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.
The rise of the textiles industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries, and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand on port capacity. At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including Robert Falcon Scott
Robert Falcon Scott
Captain Robert Falcon Scott, CVO was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13...
's Antarctic research vessel, the RRS Discovery
RRS Discovery
The RRS Discovery was the last traditional wooden three-masted ship to be built in Britain. Designed for Antarctic research, she was launched in 1901. Her first mission was the British National Antarctic Expedition, carrying Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton on their first, successful...
. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city. A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil
Whale oil
Whale oil is the oil obtained from the blubber of various species of whales, particularly the three species of right whale and the bowhead whale prior to the modern era, as well as several other species of baleen whale...
. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.
While the city's economy was dominated by the Jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were James Keiller's and sons
Keiller's marmalade
Keiller's marmalade, named after its creator Janet Keiller, is believed to have been the first commercial brand of marmalade, produced in Dundee, Scotland....
, established in 1795, which pioneered commercial marmalade
Marmalade
Marmalade is a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus fruits, boiled with sugar and water. The benchmark citrus fruit for marmalade production in Britain is the "Seville orange" from Spain, Citrus aurantium var...
production, and the publishing firm DC Thomson & Co.
D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd
D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd, is a publishing company based in Dundee, Scotland, best known for producing The Dundee Courier, The Evening Telegraph, The Sunday Post, Oor Wullie, The Broons, The Beano, The Dandy and Commando comics...
, which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the Tay Bridge disaster
Tay Bridge disaster
The Tay Bridge disaster occurred on 28 December 1879, when the first Tay Rail Bridge, which crossed the Firth of Tay between Dundee and Wormit in Scotland, collapsed during a violent storm while a train was passing over it. The bridge was designed by the noted railway engineer Sir Thomas Bouch,...
. The first Tay rail bridge
Tay Rail Bridge
The Tay Bridge is a railway bridge approximately two and a quarter miles long that spans the Firth of Tay in Scotland, between the city of Dundee and the suburb of Wormit in Fife ....
was opened in 1879. It collapsed less than a year later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.
The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in Calcutta. This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period, but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like Timex and NCR, and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.
A £300 million master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30 year period between 2001 and 2031. The aims of the project will be to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; replacing the existing inner ring road with a
pair of east/west tree lined boulevards; a new civic square and a re-opened dock stretching from the Caird Hall and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge.
Governance
Royal burgh
A royal burgh was a type of Scottish burgh which had been founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter. Although abolished in 1975, the term is still used in many of the former burghs....
status on the coronation of John Balliol
John of Scotland
John Balliol , known to the Scots as Toom Tabard , was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.-Early life:Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities include Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham...
as King of Scotland in 1292. The city has two mottos— (Gift of God) and Prudentia et Candore (With Thought and Purity) although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.
Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
The Local Government Act 1973 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland, on May 16, 1975....
. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of Longforgan
Longforgan
Longforgan is a village and parish in the Carse of Gowrie, in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies west of Dundee on the main A90 road.-History:...
(which included Invergowrie
Invergowrie
Invergowrie is a village on the north bank of the River Tay to the west of Dundee. Although formerly incorporated as part of Dundee, it is located in Perth and Kinross....
) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
The Local Government etc. Act 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the current local government structure of 32 unitary authorities covering the whole of Scotland....
. This placed Monifieth
Monifieth
Monifieth is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is situated on the North bank of the Firth of Tay on the East Coast...
and Invergowrie
Invergowrie
Invergowrie is a village on the north bank of the River Tay to the west of Dundee. Although formerly incorporated as part of Dundee, it is located in Perth and Kinross....
in the unitary authorities of Angus
Angus
Angus is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City...
and Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross is one of 32 council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire, Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas. Perth is the administrative centre...
, largely reinstating the pre-1975 county
County council
A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries.-United Kingdom:...
boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.
Local government
Councillor
A councillor or councilor is a member of a local government council, such as a city council.Often in the United States, the title is councilman or councilwoman.-United Kingdom:...
s. Previously the city was a county of a city
Counties of Scotland
The counties of Scotland were the principal local government divisions of Scotland until 1975. Scotland's current lieutenancy areas and registration counties are largely based on them. They are often referred to as historic counties....
and later a district
Regions and districts of Scotland
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc Act 1994....
of the Tayside
Tayside
Tayside Region was a local government region of Scotland from 15 May 1975 to 31 March 1996. It was created by the 1973 Act following recommendations made by the 1969 Wheatley Report which attempted to replace the mishmash of counties, cities, burghs and districts, with a uniform two-tier system...
region
Regions and districts of Scotland
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc Act 1994....
. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the Lord Provost
Lord Provost
A Lord Provost is the figurative and ceremonial head of one of the principal cities of Scotland. Four cities, Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, have the right to appoint a Lord Provost instead of a provost...
, a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. Dundee House, the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street, opened in August 2011. This has replaced Tayside House which is due to be demolished in early 2012 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements.
The council was controlled by a minority coalition of Labour
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
and Liberal Democrats
Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom which supports constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation, wealth taxation, human rights laws, cultural liberalism, banking reform and civil liberties .The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the...
of 12 councillors, with the support of the Conservatives
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
who had five. Although the Scottish National Party
Scottish National Party
The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....
(SNP) was the largest party on the council, with 11 councillors. Elections to the council are on a four year cycle, the most recent as of 2007 being on 3 May 2007. Previously, Councillors were elected from single-member wards
Wards of the United Kingdom
A ward in the United Kingdom is an electoral district at sub-national level represented by one or more councillors. It is the primary unit of British administrative and electoral geography .-England:...
by the first past the post system of election, although this changed in the 2007 election, due to the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
The Local Governance Act 2004 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament which provided, inter alia, for the election of Councillors to the local authorities in Scotland by the Single Transferable Vote system....
. Eight new multi-member wards were introduced, each electing three or four councillors by single transferable vote
Single transferable vote
The single transferable vote is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or...
, to produce a form of proportional representation
Proportional representation
Proportional representation is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council. PR means that the number of seats won by a party or group of candidates is proportionate to the number of votes received. For example, under a PR voting system if 30% of voters support a particular...
.
The 2007 election resulted in no single party having overall control, with 13 Scottish National Party
Scottish National Party
The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....
, 10 Labour
Scottish Labour Party
The Scottish Labour Party is the section of the British Labour Party which operates in Scotland....
, 3 Conservatives
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
, 2 Liberal Democrats
Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom which supports constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation, wealth taxation, human rights laws, cultural liberalism, banking reform and civil liberties .The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the...
, and 1 Independent Councillors. A March 2009 by election in the Maryfield ward changed the balance to 14 Scottish National Party
Scottish National Party
The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....
, 9 Labour
Scottish Labour Party
The Scottish Labour Party is the section of the British Labour Party which operates in Scotland....
, 3 Conservatives
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
, 2 Liberal Democrats
Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom which supports constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation, wealth taxation, human rights laws, cultural liberalism, banking reform and civil liberties .The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the...
, and 2 Independent Councillors.
Westminster and Holyrood
For elections to the British House of CommonsBritish House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
at Westminster, the city area and portions of the Angus
Angus
Angus is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City...
council area are divided in two constituencies
United Kingdom constituencies
In the United Kingdom , each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly.Within the United Kingdom there are now five bodies with members elected by constituencies:...
. The constituencies of Dundee East
Dundee East (UK Parliament constituency)
-Elections in the 2000s:-Elections in the 1990s:-Elections in the 1980s:-Elections in the 1970s:-Elections in the 1950s:...
and Dundee West
Dundee West (UK Parliament constituency)
Dundee West is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first-past-the-post voting system....
are as of 2010 represented by Stewart Hosie
Stewart Hosie
Stewart Hosie is the Scottish National Party Member of Parliament for Dundee East. He is Deputy Leader and Chief Whip of the SNP Westminster Group and House of Commons party spokesperson on the Treasury and Economic matters...
(Scottish National Party
Scottish National Party
The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....
) and James McGovern
James McGovern (politician)
James McGovern is a Scottish Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament for Dundee West since 2005.-Early life:...
(Labour
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
), respectively. For elections to the Scottish Parliament
Scottish Parliament
The Scottish Parliament is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland, located in the Holyrood area of the capital, Edinburgh. The Parliament, informally referred to as "Holyrood", is a democratically elected body comprising 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament...
at Holyrood
Scottish Parliament Building
The Scottish Parliament Building is the home of the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, within the UNESCO World Heritage Site in central Edinburgh. Construction of the building commenced in June 1999 and the Members of the Scottish Parliament held their first debate in the new building on 7...
, the city area is divided between three constituencies. The Dundee East (Holyrood) constituency
Dundee East (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Dundee City East is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament . It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament by the first past the post method of election...
and the Dundee West (Holyrood) constituency
Dundee West (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Dundee West is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament . It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament by the first past the post method of election...
are entirely within the city area. The Angus South (Holyrood) constituency
Angus South (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Angus South is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament . It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament by the first past the post method of election...
includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area. All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region: Shona Robison
Shona Robison
Shona Robison is a Member of the Scottish Parliament for Dundee East. She was elected as a Scottish National Party candidate in the 2003 election...
(SNP) is the Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.-Methods of Election:MSPs are elected in one of two ways:...
(MSP) for the Dundee East constituency; Joe Fitzpatrick
Joe FitzPatrick
Joe FitzPatrick is a Scottish politician, and member for the Scottish National Party for Dundee West in the Scottish Parliament since May 2007, succeeding retiring Labour MSP Kate Maclean.-Life and career:...
(SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency and Graeme Dey
Graeme Dey
Graeme Dey is a Scottish politician. He is the current Member of the Scottish Parliament for the Scottish Parliament constituency of Angus South, elected at the 2011 election. Dey received 16,164 votes, representing 58.5% of the vote, a 38.3% majority....
(SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.
Dundee is also part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency
Scotland (European Parliament constituency)
Scotland constitutes a single constituency of the European Parliament. For 2009 it elects 6 MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.- Boundaries :...
which elects seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s using the d'Hondt method
D'Hondt method
The d'Hondt method is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt who described it in 1878...
of party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected...
. Scotland returns two Labour
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
MEPs, two SNP
Scottish National Party
The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....
MEPs, one Conservative and Unionist
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
MEP and one Liberal Democrat
Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom which supports constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation, wealth taxation, human rights laws, cultural liberalism, banking reform and civil liberties .The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the...
MEP, to the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...
.
Geography
Dundee sits on the north bank of the Firth of TayFirth of Tay
The Firth of Tay is a firth in Scotland between the council areas of Fife, Perth and Kinross, the City of Dundee and Angus, into which Scotland's largest river in terms of flow, the River Tay, empties....
on the eastern, North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
Coast of Scotland. The city lies 36.1 miles (58 km) NNE
Boxing the compass
Boxing the compass is the action of naming all thirty-two points of the compass in clockwise order. Such names are formed by the initials of the cardinal directions and their intermediate ordinal directions, and are very handy to refer to a heading in a general or colloquial fashion, without...
of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...
and 360.6 miles (580 km) NNW
Boxing the compass
Boxing the compass is the action of naming all thirty-two points of the compass in clockwise order. Such names are formed by the initials of the cardinal directions and their intermediate ordinal directions, and are very handy to refer to a heading in a general or colloquial fashion, without...
of London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape 8.3 miles (13 km) long by 2.5 miles (4 km) wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of 60 km2. The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation
Elevation
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface ....
of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the Dundee Law (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water burn, the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the Sidlaw Hills
Sidlaw Hills
The Sidlaws are a range of hills of volcanic origin in the counties of Perthshire and Angus in Scotland that extend for 30 miles from Kinnoull Hill, near Perth, northeast to Forfar. Law is a Lowland Scots word of Old English origin meaning a hill which rises sharply from the surrounding land...
, the most prominent hill being Craigowl Hill
Craigowl Hill
Craigowl Hill is a summit towards the eastern end of the Sidlaw Hills in Angus, Scotland. Northeast of Kirkton of Auchterhouse and approximately eight kilometres north of Dundee, Craigowl Hill represents the highest point in the range.-External links:...
(455 m).
The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two burns that are tributaries of the River Tay
River Tay
The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland and the seventh-longest in the United Kingdom. The Tay originates in western Scotland on the slopes of Ben Lui , then flows easterly across the Highlands, through Loch Dochhart, Loch Lubhair and Loch Tay, then continues east through Strathtay , in...
. On the western-most boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the Invergowrie
Invergowrie
Invergowrie is a village on the north bank of the River Tay to the west of Dundee. Although formerly incorporated as part of Dundee, it is located in Perth and Kinross....
burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin. The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of Strathmartine
Strathmartine
Strathmartine is an area of Angus, Scotland . It is to the north of Dundee and the surrounding district is often referred to as "the Howe o Strathmartine". William Lorimer, the classicist, known for producing a translation of the New Testament in Lowland Scots was born in Strathmartine...
and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between Barnhill
Barnhill, Dundee
Barnhill is an area of Broughty Ferry, which is a suburb of the city of Dundee, Scotland. It is approximately 4½ miles east of Dundee City Centre. Until the late 19th century, Barnhill was a separate village.-Description:...
and Monifieth
Monifieth
Monifieth is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is situated on the North bank of the Firth of Tay on the East Coast...
. The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been culvert
Culvert
A culvert is a device used to channel water. It may be used to allow water to pass underneath a road, railway, or embankment. Culverts can be made of many different materials; steel, polyvinyl chloride and concrete are the most common...
ed over.
Geology
The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil anticlineAnticline
In structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core. The term is not to be confused with antiform, which is a purely descriptive term for any fold that is convex up. Therefore if age relationships In structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is...
, and the predominant bedrock type is Old Red Sandstone
Old Red Sandstone
The Old Red Sandstone is a British rock formation of considerable importance to early paleontology. For convenience the short version of the term, 'ORS' is often used in literature on the subject.-Sedimentology:...
of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group. Differential weathering
Differential weathering
Differential weathering is the difference in degree of discoloration, disintegration, etc., of rocks of different kinds exposed to the same environment...
of a series of igneous intrusions has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the Dundee Law
Law, Dundee
Law, Dundee is an area located in the centre of Dundee, Scotland. Its predominant feature is an extinct volcano which gives it its name.-Geology:...
(a late Silurian
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician Period, about 443.7 ± 1.5 Mya , to the beginning of the Devonian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya . As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the...
/early Devonian
Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic Era spanning from the end of the Silurian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya , to the beginning of the Carboniferous Period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Mya...
Mafic
Mafic
Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron; the term is a portmanteau of the words "magnesium" and "ferric". Most mafic minerals are dark in color and the relative density is greater than 3. Common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine,...
rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a Felsic
Felsic
The word "felsic" is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium....
rock intrusion of similar age). To the east of the city, in Craigie and Broughty Ferry
Broughty Ferry
Broughty Ferry is a suburb on the eastern side of the City of Dundee, on the shore of the Firth of Tay in eastern Scotland...
, the bedrock geology is of extrusive rocks, including mafic lava
Lava
Lava refers both to molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption and the resulting rock after solidification and cooling. This molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid at...
and tuff
Tuff
Tuff is a type of rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption. Tuff is sometimes called tufa, particularly when used as construction material, although tufa also refers to a quite different rock. Rock that contains greater than 50% tuff is considered...
.
The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the West and east of the city bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a brown forest soil type with some gleying
Gley soil
Gley soil in soil science is a type of hydric soil which exhibits a greenish-blue-grey soil color due to wetland conditions. On exposure to the air, gley colors are transformed to a mottled pattern of reddish, yellow or orange patches. During gley soil formation , the oxygen supply in the soil...
, the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.
Location
Urban environment
Very little of pre-ReformationScottish Reformation
The Scottish Reformation was Scotland's formal break with the Papacy in 1560, and the events surrounding this. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation; and in Scotland's case culminated ecclesiastically in the re-establishment of the church along Reformed lines, and politically in...
Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the War of the Rough Wooing being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining. The area occupied by the mediaeval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation. Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (Lochee
Lochee
Lochee is an area in the west of Dundee, Scotland. Until the 19th century, it was a separate town, but was eventually surrounded by the expanding Dundee...
), Scouring Burn (Blackness
Blackness, Dundee
Blackness is an area of the city of Dundee. Broadly, Blackness is located to the north of the city's West End and is centred around the Blackness Road, where a number of small, local shops are located...
) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills. The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.
Working class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas. Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in unsanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population. While gradual improvements and slum
Slum
A slum, as defined by United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security. According to the United Nations, the percentage of urban dwellers living in slums decreased from 47 percent to 37 percent in the...
clearance began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking Logie
Logie, Dundee
Logie is a residential area of the City of Dundee, Scotland. It is located north of Blackness Road, bounded by Blackness Road, Balgay Road, Scott Street and Glenagnes Road...
housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect James Thomson
James Thomson (architect)
James Thomson was the former City Engineer, City Architect, and Housing Director of Dundee, Scotland. He originally planned an immense Beaux Arts style Civic Centre covering the centre of Dundee...
, whose legacy also includes the housing estate of Craigiebank
Craigiebank, Dundee
Craigiebank is an area of eastern Dundee, Scotland. It borders three other areas of the city: West Ferry to the east, Pitkerro to the north, Baxter Park and East Port to the south-west. The councillor for the area is the Scottish National Party's John Corrigan....
and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.
Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The mediaeval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre. The Tay Road Bridge
Tay Road Bridge
The Tay Road Bridge is a bridge across the Firth of Tay from Newport-on-Tay in Fife to Dundee in Scotland. At around , it is one of the longest road bridges in Europe, and slopes gradually downward towards Dundee...
, completed in 1966 had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river. An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s. These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing in throughout the 1960s. Much of this, in particular the high rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, have been demolished since the 1990s or are scheduled for future demolition.
Climate
The climate, as is the case with the rest of North-West EuropeNorth-West Europe
North-West Europe is a term that refers to a northern area of Western Europe, although the exact area or countries it comprises varies.-Geographic definition:...
is Oceanic
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also called marine west coast climate, maritime climate, Cascadian climate and British climate for Köppen climate classification Cfb and subtropical highland for Köppen Cfb or Cwb, is a type of climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of some of the...
(Köppen-Geiger
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
classification Cfb). Mean temperature and rainfall is typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with its sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maximums are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in Spring and Summer. The nearest official met office weather station is Mylnefield, Invergowrie
Invergowrie
Invergowrie is a village on the north bank of the River Tay to the west of Dundee. Although formerly incorporated as part of Dundee, it is located in Perth and Kinross....
sited about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the City centre.
The absolute maximum of 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) was recorded in August 1995. The warmest month was July 2006, with an average temperature of 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) (mean maximum 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), mean minimum 12.3 °C (54.1 °F)). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach 25.2 °C (77.4 °F), and in total just 1.63 days should equal or exceed a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.
Demography
| City of Dundee | Scotland | |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 154,674 | 5,062,011 |
| Foreign born British nationality law British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom that concerns citizenship and other categories of British nationality. The law is complex because of the United Kingdom's former status as an imperial power.-History:... |
5.84% | 3.78% |
| Over 75 years old | 8.18% | 7.09% |
| Unemployed | 5.18% | 3.97% |
According to the 2001 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 154,674. A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 152,320 in 2008. The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%). The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.
The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Republic of Ireland, 1.33% from other European Union countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75 years old.
Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent
Accent (linguistics)
In linguistics, an accent is a manner of pronunciation peculiar to a particular individual, location, or nation.An accent may identify the locality in which its speakers reside , the socio-economic status of its speakers, their ethnicity, their caste or social class, their first language In...
, which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong
Monophthong
A monophthong is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation....
/e/ in place of the diphthong
Diphthong
A diphthong , also known as a gliding vowel, refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: That is, the tongue moves during the pronunciation of the vowel...
/ai/. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821. Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.
The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, and Poland, seeking refuge from the anti-Jewish pogroms in the 19th century, and later, World War II in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population, and has the third highest Asian population (~3,500) in Scotland after Glasgow and Edinburgh.
The city's universities draw a large number of students from abroad (mostly Irish and EU but with an increasing number from countries in the Far East
Far East
The Far East is an English term mostly describing East Asia and Southeast Asia, with South Asia sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons.The term came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 19th century,...
), and students account for 14.2% of the population, the highest proportion of the four largest Scottish cities.
Economy
NCR Corporation
NCR Corporation is an American technology company specializing in kiosk products for the retail, financial, travel, healthcare, food service, entertainment, gaming and public sector industries. Its main products are self-service kiosks, point-of-sale terminals, automated teller machines, check...
selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945, primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the 10th anniversary of the plant (known locally amongst Dundonians as "The Cash"), the 250,000th cash machine was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash register
Cash register
A cash register or till is a mechanical or electronic device for calculating and recording sales transactions, and an attached cash drawer for storing cash...
s, and later ATMs, at several of its Dundee plants. The firm, developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers. Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers
Clothes dryer
A clothes dryer or tumble dryer is a household appliance that is used to remove moisture from a load of clothing and other textiles, generally shortly after they are cleaned in a washing machine....
was merged into Morphy Richards
Morphy Richards
Morphy Richards is a business located in the Swinton Meadows Industrial Estate, Swinton, near Mexborough, South Yorkshire.-Product range:It specialises in the manufacture of toasters, hairdryers, bread makers, kettles and sandwich toasters and other appliances. In its early stage it also made...
and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a Michelin
Michelin
Michelin is a tyre manufacturer based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne région of France. It is one of the two largest tyre manufacturers in the world along with Bridgestone. In addition to the Michelin brand, it also owns the BFGoodrich, Kleber, Riken, Kormoran and Uniroyal tyre brands...
tyre
Tire
A tire or tyre is a ring-shaped covering that fits around a wheel rim to protect it and enable better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground...
-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade
Board of Trade
The Board of Trade is a committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, originating as a committee of inquiry in the 17th century and evolving gradually into a government department with a diverse range of functions...
on 30 April 1969.
Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984. In 1983, the first Sinclair
Sinclair Research Ltd
Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Sir Clive Sinclair in Cambridge. Originally incorporated in 1973 as Ablesdeal Ltd., it remained dormant until 1976, and did not adopt the name Sinclair Research until 1981....
ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a sit-in
Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of protest that involves occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment.-Process:In a sit-in, protesters remain until they are evicted, usually by force, or arrested, or until their requests have been met...
by workers protesting job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six month industrial dispute.
Modern day
Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with over 300,000 persons within 30 minutes drive of the city centre and around 630,000 people within one hour. Many people from North East FifeFife
Fife is a council area and former county of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire...
, Angus
Angus
Angus is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City...
and Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross is one of 32 council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire, Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas. Perth is the administrative centre...
commute to the city. In 2009, there were 30 employers who employed 300 or more staff. The largest employers in the city are NHS Tayside, Dundee City Council, University of Dundee
University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on eastern coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland and with a small number of institutions elsewhere....
, Tesco
Tesco
Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and the second-largest measured by profits...
, D. C. Thomson & Co
D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd
D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd, is a publishing company based in Dundee, Scotland, best known for producing The Dundee Courier, The Evening Telegraph, The Sunday Post, Oor Wullie, The Broons, The Beano, The Dandy and Commando comics...
and BT. Other employers include limited and private companies such as NCR Corporation
NCR Corporation
NCR Corporation is an American technology company specializing in kiosk products for the retail, financial, travel, healthcare, food service, entertainment, gaming and public sector industries. Its main products are self-service kiosks, point-of-sale terminals, automated teller machines, check...
, Michelin
Michelin
Michelin is a tyre manufacturer based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne région of France. It is one of the two largest tyre manufacturers in the world along with Bridgestone. In addition to the Michelin brand, it also owns the BFGoodrich, Kleber, Riken, Kormoran and Uniroyal tyre brands...
, SiTel, Alliance Trust, Norwich Union
Norwich Union
Norwich Union was the name given to insurance company Aviva's British arm before June 2009. It was originally established in 1797. It is the biggest life insurance provider in the United Kingdom, and has a strong position in motor insurance...
, Royal Bank of Scotland
Royal Bank of Scotland
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group is a British banking and insurance holding company in which the UK Government holds an 84% stake. This stake is held and managed through UK Financial Investments Limited, whose voting rights are limited to 75% in order for the bank to retain its listing on the...
, Asda
Asda
Asda Stores Ltd is a British supermarket chain which retails food, clothing, general merchandise, toys and financial services. It also has a mobile telephone network, , Asda Mobile...
, Strathtay Scottish
Strathtay Scottish
Stagecoach Strathtay is a Scottish bus operating company which covers the Dundee and Angus areas, and parts of Grampian. It is a subsidiary of the Stagecoach Group, which bought Strathtay Scottish Omnibuses Ltd from Traction Group in 2005...
, Tayside Contracts, Tokheim, Scottish Citylink
Scottish Citylink
Scottish Citylink Coaches Ltd is a long distance express coach operator in Scotland and the Republic of Ireland . The company was formed as a subsidiary of Scottish Transport Group in June 1985...
, W H Brown Construction, C J Lang & Son, Joinery and Timber Creations, HBOS
HBOS
HBOS plc is a banking and insurance company in the United Kingdom, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lloyds Banking Group having been taken over in January 2009...
, Debenhams
Debenhams
Debenhams plc is a British retailer operating under a department store format in the UK, Ireland and Denmark, and franchise stores in other countries. The Company was founded in the eighteenth century as a single store in London and has now grown to around 160 shops...
, Travel Dundee
Travel Dundee
National Express Dundee is a bus operator based in Dundee, Scotland and operates services mainly within Dundee City. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of National Express Group.-History:...
, WL Gore and Associates
WL Gore and Associates
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. is a manufacturing company specializing in products derived from fluoropolymers. It is a privately held corporation headquartered in Newark, Delaware, with operations around the globe...
. The only sectors to see job increases between 2005 and 2009 were in education and human health and social work activities, while manufacturing and administration and support service activities both saw a significant decline. Average weekly earnings of full-time employers in Dundee in May 2010 was £482.80; men received £507.40 and women £418.80. Average earnings in Dundee have increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £482.80 in 2010.
The biomedical and biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose...
sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology
Information technology
Information technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications...
and Video game development have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years. Rockstar North
Rockstar North
Rockstar North is a British video game developer based in Edinburgh, Scotland, best known for creating the Grand Theft Auto and Lemmings franchises in its earlier guise as DMA....
, developer of Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto
Grand Theft Auto (series)
Grand Theft Auto is a multi-award-winning British video game series created in the United Kingdom by Dave Jones, then later by brothers Dan Houser and Sam Houser, and game designer Zachary Clarke. It is primarily developed by Edinburgh based Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games...
series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones; an undergraduate of the University of Abertay Dundee
University of Abertay Dundee
The University of Abertay Dundee, usually known simply as Abertay University, is a modern university in Dundee, Scotland.- History :The University of Abertay Dundee was created in 1994, under government legislation granting the title University to the Dundee Institute of Technology...
. Other game development studios in Dundee include Denki
Denki
Denki is a 'digital toy factory', based in Dundee Scotland. The company is the creator of over 180 individual games, covering a range of platforms...
, Ruffian Games
Ruffian Games
Ruffian Games is a British video game developer founded in 2008. The developer was formed by two members, Billy Thomson and Gaz Liddon, of the video game developer Realtime Worlds. Ruffian Games originally consisted of members from Realtime Worlds and Xen Studios, among others...
, Dynamo Games
Dynamo Games
Dynamo Games Ltd is an independent video game developer and publisher based in Dundee, Scotland. Established in 2004, it is the first developer working exclusively on mobile platforms to win a gaming BAFTA award, and one of the first studios to develop titles for the Google Android mobile operating...
, 4J Studios
4J Studios
4J Studios is a video game developer based in Dundee, Scotland. The company has worked with a wide range of publishers including ZeniMax Media, Mojang AB, and Microsoft Game Studios...
, Cohort Studios
Cohort Studios
Cohort Studios was a Scottish games development and interactive entertainment studio based in Dundee.Formed in 2006 by Lol Scragg, Darran Thomas and Bruce McNeish, Cohort’s first project involved being contracted by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe to assist on MotorStorm for PlayStation 3...
amongst others.
Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked 4th in Retail Rankings in Scotland. The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as Marks and Spencer, Monsoon
Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
, Accessorize and Zara
Zara (clothing)
Zara is a Spanish clothing and accessories retailer based in Arteixo, Galicia, and founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera. It is the flagship chain store of the Inditex group; the fashion group also owns brands such as Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Oysho, Uterqüe, Stradivarius and...
. The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the 420000 sq ft (39,019.3 m²) Overgate Centre which is anchored by Debenhams
Debenhams
Debenhams plc is a British retailer operating under a department store format in the UK, Ireland and Denmark, and franchise stores in other countries. The Company was founded in the eighteenth century as a single store in London and has now grown to around 160 shops...
, H&M
H&M
H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB is a Swedish retail-clothing company, known for its fast-fashion clothing offerings for women, men, teenagers and children....
, Next and Primark
Primark
Primark is a clothing retailer, operating over 223 stores in Ireland , the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Belgium...
and the 310000 sq ft (28,799.9 m²) Wellgate Centre by BHS, T.J. Hughes and Peacocks
Peacocks (retailer)
Peacocks, is a fast fashion retailer based in Cardiff, Wales. The chain is owned by The Peacock Group plc and employs over 6,000 people. There are currently over 600 Peacocks stores in the United Kingdom and more than 200 in 12 overseas countries...
.
Landmarks
Gardyne's Land at 70–73 High Street is a complex of five buildings: a L-plan three-storey merchant's house from around 1560; lodgings from around 1640; a tenement from around 1790; billiard hall from around 1820 and a Victorian retail unit from around 1845. The merchant's house is the only domestic building surviving from the time, when Dundee was Scotland's second largest city. All of the buildings are Category A listed buildings. The buildings came to the attention of the Tayside Building Preservation Trust in 1995, a limited company with charitable status which exists to restore and reuse buildings of architectural or historic interest at risk in Tayside. Between 1997 and 2000, the buildings were acquired by the trust and funds were raised for the project. A first phase of wind and waterproof works commenced in 2000. Between 2000 and 2003, a professional team were appointed and plans were first drawn up and approved for conversion into hostel use. In April 2005, the project was handed over to Dundee City Council. The restoration of Gardyne's Land has received awards from the Dundee Civic Trust, Dundee Institute of Architects, the Royal Town planning institute, a Scottish award for quality in planning and regeneration and renewal magazine.Transport
Dundee is served by the A90 roadA90 road
The A90 road is a major north to south road in eastern Scotland, running from Edinburgh to Fraserburgh in Aberdeenshire.From Edinburgh, it travels west and over the Forth Road Bridge, before turning into the M90 motorway. At Perth, the M90 again becomes the A90, now running north east to Dundee...
which connects the city to the M90
M90 motorway
The M90 is a motorway in Scotland. It runs from Inverkeithing, at the north end of the Forth Road Bridge, to Perth, passing Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath and Kinross on the way...
and Perth
Perth, Scotland
Perth is a town and former city and royal burgh in central Scotland. Located on the banks of the River Tay, it is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire...
in the west, and Forfar
Forfar
Forfar is a parish, town and former royal burgh of approximately 13,500 people in Angus, located in the East Central Lowlands of Scotland. Forfar is the county town of Angus, which was officially known as Forfarshire from the 18th century until 1929, when the ancient name was reinstated, and...
and Aberdeen
Aberdeen
Aberdeen is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 25th most populous city, with an official population estimate of ....
in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a dual carriageway
Dual carriageway
A dual carriageway is a class of highway with two carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation...
and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the Kingsway. East of the A90's Forfar Road junction, the Kingsway East continues as the A972
A972 road
The A972 is a major road in Dundee, Scotland. It forms part of the dual carriageway known as the 'Kingsway', that runs through the northern part of Dundee. Its main function is to link the A90 road with the A92....
, and meets the A92
A92 road
The A92 is a major road in Fife and Angus, Scotland. It runs from Dunfermline to Stonehaven.Starting at its junction with the M90 motorway near Dunfermline, it runs north east past Cowdenbeath, Lochgelly, Kirkcaldy, Glenrothes, Ladybank and Newport-on-Tay...
at the Scott Fyffe roundabout. Travelling east, the A92 connects the city to Arbroath
Arbroath
Arbroath or Aberbrothock is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus in Scotland, and has a population of 22,785...
and Montrose
Montrose, Angus
Montrose is a coastal resort town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. It is situated 38 miles north of Dundee between the mouths of the North and South Esk rivers...
and to the south with Fife
Fife
Fife is a council area and former county of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire...
via the Tay Road Bridge
Tay Road Bridge
The Tay Road Bridge is a bridge across the Firth of Tay from Newport-on-Tay in Fife to Dundee in Scotland. At around , it is one of the longest road bridges in Europe, and slopes gradually downward towards Dundee...
.
The A930
A930 road
The A930 is a single carriageway road in Angus, Scotland. It runs from Dundee to Carnoustie.Starting at its junction with the A92 road in Craigie, Dundee, it runs east through West Ferry, Broughty Ferry, Barnhill and Monifieth. It then passes through countryside north of the Buddon Ness, past Barry...
links the city with coastal settlements to the east, including Broughty Ferry, Monifieth
Monifieth
Monifieth is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is situated on the North bank of the Firth of Tay on the East Coast...
and Carnoustie
Carnoustie
Carnoustie is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is situated at the mouth of the Barry Burn on the North Sea coast...
. Progressing westward from where the A92 meets the Tay Road Bridge at the Riverside Roundabout, the A85
A85 road
The A85 is a major road in Scotland. It runs east from Oban along the south bank of Loch Etive, through Lochawe and Tyndrum, Crianlarich, Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Crieff before passing through Perth, where it crosses the River Tay via Perth Bridge. Its name between the latter two locations is...
follows the southern boundary of the city along Riverside Drive and towards the A90 at the Swallow Roundabout. The A85 multiplexes with the A90 and diverges again at Perth.
Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the A991
A991 road
The A991 is a major road in Dundee, Scotland. It forms the Inner Ringroad that circles the perimeter of Dundee's city centre.-Route:At the southern section of the ringroad, where it is named South Marketgait, the A991 multiplexes with the A92 between the East Dock Street junction and the Riverside...
Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The A923
A923 road
The A923 is a major road in Angus and Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It runs from Dundee to Dunkeld. Parts of it between Coupar Angus and Dunkeld follow the route of the Old Military Road, built following the Jacobite Rebellion....
Dundee to Dunkeld
Dunkeld
Dunkeld is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It is about 15 miles north of Perth on the eastern side of the A9 road into the Scottish Highlands and on the opposite side of the Tay from the Victorian village of Birnam. Dunkeld and Birnam share a railway station, on the...
road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the A929 links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.
Seagate Bus Station
Seagate bus station serves the city of Dundee, Scotland.Located five minutes' walk from the city centre, it has bus links to many Scottish towns and cities as well as links to London and other major English cities....
serving as the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. National Express Dundee operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by Stagecoach Strathtay. The city's two railway stations are the main Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station
Dundee railway station
Dundee railway station serves the city of Dundee on the east coast of Scotland. The station has two through platforms and two terminal platforms...
, which is situated near the waterfront and the much smaller Broughty Ferry Station
Broughty Ferry railway station
Broughty Ferry railway station serves the suburb of Broughty Ferry in Dundee, Scotland. The station was opened on 6 October 1838 on the Dundee and Arbroath Railway...
, which is located to the eastern end of the city. These are complemented by the stations at Invergowrie
Invergowrie railway station
Invergowrie railway station is an unstaffed halt which serves the village of Invergowrie west of the city of Dundee, Scotland on the north bank of the Firth of Tay.-See also:...
, Balmossie
Balmossie railway station
Balmossie railway station is a railway station in Dundee, Scotland which serves the east of Broughty Ferry. The station was originally opened on 18 June 1962 as Balmossie Halt by British Rail Scottish Region and renamed as Balmossie on 16 May 1983....
and Monifieth
Monifieth railway station
Monifieth railway station serves the town of Monifieth near Dundee, Scotland. The station was opened on 6 October 1838 on the Dundee and Arbroath Railway...
. Passenger services at Dundee are provided by First ScotRail
First ScotRail
ScotRail Railways Ltd. is the FirstGroup-owned train operating company running domestic passenger trains within Scotland, northern England and the cross-border Caledonian Sleeper service to London using the brand ScotRail which is the property of the Scottish Government...
, CrossCountry
CrossCountry
CrossCountry is the brand name of XC Trains Ltd., a British train operating company owned by Arriva...
and East Coast
East Coast (train operating company)
East Coast is a British train operating company running high-speed passenger services on the East Coast Main Line between London, Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland...
. There are no freight services that serve the city since the Freightliner
Freightliner (UK)
Freightliner Group Limited is a rail freight and logistics company, founded in 1995 and now operating in the United Kingdom, Poland, and Australia. It is the second largest rail freight operator in the UK, after DB Schenker Rail .- History :...
terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.
There are also many intercity bus services offered by Megabus
Megabus (United Kingdom)
Megabus is a UK coach service operated by Stagecoach Group. It started in 2003 and as of February 2010 operated 19 UK coach routes serving 41 destinations in England, Scotland and Wales. Some services link with Megatrain services which are also operated by Stagecoach...
, Citylink
Scottish Citylink
Scottish Citylink Coaches Ltd is a long distance express coach operator in Scotland and the Republic of Ireland . The company was formed as a subsidiary of Scottish Transport Group in June 1985...
and National Express
National Express
National Express Coaches, more commonly known as National Express, is a brand and company, owned by the National Express Group, under which the majority of long distance bus and coach services in Great Britain are operated,...
.
Dundee Airport
Dundee Airport
-Road:The airport lies on the main A85 Riverside Drive, which links the city centre to the Kingsway and the A90, with the airport barely a couple of kilometers from the city centre itself. Taxis are available from outside the airport.-Bus:...
offers commercial flights to London City Airport
London City Airport
London City Airport is a single-runway airport. It principally serves the financial district of London and is located on a former Docklands site, east of the City of London, opposite the London Regatta Centre, in the London Borough of Newham in east London. It was developed by the engineering...
, Birmingham International Airport and Belfast City
George Best Belfast City Airport
George Best Belfast City Airport is a single-runway airport in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Situated adjacent to the Port of Belfast it is from Belfast City Centre. It shares the site with the Short Brothers/Bombardier aircraft manufacturing facility...
. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport
Edinburgh Airport
Edinburgh Airport is located at Turnhouse in the City of Edinburgh, Scotland, and was the busiest airport in Scotland in 2010, handling just under 8.6 million passengers in that year. It was also the sixth busiest airport in the UK by passengers and the fifth busiest by aircraft movements...
, 59.2 miles (95.3 km) to the south.
The nearest international passenger seaport is Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne...
.
Schools
Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and nine secondary state schools in the city. Of these, 11 primary and two secondary schools serve the city's Catholic population; the remainder are non-denominational. There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.Dundee is home to one independent school
Independent school
An independent school is a school that is independent in its finances and governance; it is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operations, nor reliant on taxpayer contributions, and is instead funded by a combination of tuition charges, gifts, and in some cases the...
, the High School of Dundee
High School of Dundee
The High School of Dundee is an independent, co-educational, day school in the city of Dundee, Scotland which provides both primary and secondary education to just over one thousand pupils...
, which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot
Abbot
The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery...
and monk
Monk
A monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, living either alone or with any number of monks, while always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose...
s of Lindores Abbey
Lindores Abbey
Lindores Abbey was a Tironensian abbey on the outskirts of Newburgh in Fife, Scotland. Now a much reduced and overgrown ruin, it lies on the southern banks of the River Tay, about north of the village of Lindores....
. The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832-34. Early students included Thomas Thomson and Hector Boece
Hector Boece
Hector Boece , known in Latin as Hector Boecius or Boethius, was a Scottish philosopher and first Principal of King's College in Aberdeen, a predecessor of the University of Aberdeen.-Biography:He was born in Dundee where he attended school...
, as well as the brothers James, John and Robert Wedderburn
James, John and Robert Wedderburn
James Wedderburn was a Scottish poet, the eldest son of James Wedderburn, merchant of Dundee , and of Janet Barry, sister of John Barry, vicar of Dundee...
who were the authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis, used early in the Scottish Reformation
Scottish Reformation
The Scottish Reformation was Scotland's formal break with the Papacy in 1560, and the events surrounding this. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation; and in Scotland's case culminated ecclesiastically in the re-establishment of the church along Reformed lines, and politically in...
as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology. It was the earliest reformed school in Scotland, having adopted the new religion in 1554. According to Blind Harry
Blind Harry
Blind Harry , also known as Harry, Hary or Henry the Minstrel, is renowned as the author of The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, also known as The Wallace...
's largely apocryphal work The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace
The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace
The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, also known as The Wallace, is a long "romantic biographical" poem by the fifteenth century Scottish makar of the name Blind Harry probably at some time in the decade before 1488...
, William Wallace
William Wallace
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight and landowner who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence....
was also educated in Dundee.
Colleges and universities
The University of Dundee
University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on eastern coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland and with a small number of institutions elsewhere....
became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews, informally referred to as "St Andrews", is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the English-speaking world after Oxford and Cambridge. The university is situated in the town of St Andrews, Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It was founded between...
during which time it was known initially as University College and latterly as Queen's College. Significant research in biomedical fields and oncology
Oncology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with cancer...
is carried out in the "College of Life Sciences". The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art and Design and the teacher training college.
The University of Abertay Dundee
University of Abertay Dundee
The University of Abertay Dundee, usually known simply as Abertay University, is a modern university in Dundee, Scotland.- History :The University of Abertay Dundee was created in 1994, under government legislation granting the title University to the Dundee Institute of Technology...
was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in computer games
Computer Games
"Computer Games" is a single by New Zealand group, Mi-Sex released in 1979 in Australia and New Zealand and in 1981 throughout Europe. It was the single that launched the band, and was hugely popular, particularly in Australia and New Zealand...
technology.
Dundee College
Dundee College
Dundee College is a further education and higher education college in the city of Dundee, Scotland and was established in 1985 by the merger of Dundee College of Commerce and Kingsway Technical College....
is the city's umbrella further education
Further education
Further education is a term mainly used in connection with education in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is post-compulsory education , that is distinct from the education offered in universities...
college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training.
The Al-Maktoum Institute was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2001. It is a research-led institution of higher education which offers postgraduate programmes of study (taught Masters and MPhil/PhD research) in the study of Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
and multiculturalism
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is the appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultures, applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, usually at the organizational level, e.g...
. It is an independent institution, with its degree programmes validated by the University of Aberdeen
University of Aberdeen
The University of Aberdeen, an ancient university founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland, is a British university. It is the third oldest university in Scotland, and the fifth oldest in the United Kingdom and wider English-speaking world...
. It is named after its patron, Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum is the Deputy Ruler of Dubai and the Minister of Finance and Industry of the United Arab Emirates . He is the second son of the late ruler, Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum ....
.
Christian groups
Church of Scotland
The Church of Scotland, known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is a Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the Scottish Reformation....
Presbytery
Presbyterian polity
Presbyterian polity is a method of church governance typified by the rule of assemblies of presbyters, or elders. Each local church is governed by a body of elected elders usually called the session or consistory, though other terms, such as church board, may apply...
of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, 21 of which are in the city itself, with a further five in Broughty Ferry and Barnhill
Barnhill, Dundee
Barnhill is an area of Broughty Ferry, which is a suburb of the city of Dundee, Scotland. It is approximately 4½ miles east of Dundee City Centre. Until the late 19th century, Barnhill was a separate village.-Description:...
, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges. Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's)
Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's)
Dundee Parish Church is located in the east section of Dundee's "City Churches", the other being occupied by the Steeple Church. Both are congregations in the Church of Scotland, although with differing styles of worship....
and the Steeple Church
Steeple Church
The Steeple Church occupies the western part of the historic "City Churches" building in Dundee, Scotland. It is a congregation of the Church of Scotland. It has lively, vibrant worship and attracts some university students....
, are the most prominent Church of Scotland
Church of Scotland
The Church of Scotland, known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is a Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the Scottish Reformation....
buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary, of which only the 15th century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland. Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to St Clement
Pope Clement I
Starting in the 3rd and 4th century, tradition has identified him as the Clement that Paul mentioned in Philippians as a fellow laborer in Christ.While in the mid-19th century it was customary to identify him as a freedman of Titus Flavius Clemens, who was consul with his cousin, the Emperor...
, has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.
In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
(Blackfriars), and Franciscans (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation
Scottish Reformation
The Scottish Reformation was Scotland's formal break with the Papacy in 1560, and the events surrounding this. It was part of the wider European Protestant Reformation; and in Scotland's case culminated ecclesiastically in the re-establishment of the church along Reformed lines, and politically in...
, in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street and The Howff
The Howff
The Howff is a burial ground in the city of Dundee, Scotland. Established in 1564, it has one of the most important collections of tombstones in Scotland, and is protected as a category A listed building.-History:...
burial ground respectively.
St. Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee
St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the city of Dundee, Scotland. It is the Cathedral and administrative centre of the Diocese of Brechin in the Scottish Episcopal Church.-Castle:...
is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin
Diocese of Brechin (Episcopalian)
The Diocese of Brechin is in the east of Scotland, and is the smallest of the seven dioceses of the Scottish Episcopal Church. It covers the City of Dundee, Angus and southern Aberdeenshire. It stretches from Muchalls in the north east down to Dundee in the south, and across to Glencarse in the...
. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 8 congregations in the city (9, including Broughty Ferry), as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. The diocese was led by Bishop John Mantle until October 2010 when Bishop Mantle retired. The Diocese will be electing a new bishop in the Spring of 2011. St. Andrew's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
Diocese of Dunkeld
Diocese of Dunkeld
The Diocese of Dunkeld was one of the 13 historical dioceses of Scotland preceding the abolition of Episcopacy in 1689.-History:It is thought that the diocese was constituted as far back as the middle of the ninth century. The first occupant was styled Bishop of Fortriu, the name by which the...
, led by Bishop Vincent Paul Logan
Vincent Paul Logan
Vincent Paul Logan is the ninth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld, which was restored by Pope Leo XIII on 4 March 1878. Bishop Logan is one of eight Catholic bishops in Scotland.Vincent Logan was born in Bathgate, West Lothian on 30 June 1941, the second youngest of five brothers...
. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area.
There are Methodist
Methodism
Methodism is a movement of Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement within Anglicanism. His younger brother...
, Baptist
Baptist
Baptists comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers , and that it must be done by immersion...
, Congregationalist, Pentacostalist and Salvation Army
Salvation Army
The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian church known for its thrift stores and charity work. It is an international movement that currently works in over a hundred countries....
churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the Unitarian
Unitarianism
Unitarianism is a Christian theological movement, named for its understanding of God as one person, in direct contrast to Trinitarianism which defines God as three persons coexisting consubstantially as one in being....
s, the Society of Friends, the Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The religion reports worldwide membership of over 7 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance of over 12 million, and annual...
, Christadelphians
Christadelphians
Christadelphians is a Christian group that developed in the United Kingdom and North America in the 19th century...
, and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Non-Christian groups
MuslimMuslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
s are served by the Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque
Mosque
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...
in Brown Street built in 2000 to replace their former premises in Hilltown. There are also smaller mosques at Victoria Road and Dura Street.
A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century. There is a small Orthodox
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism , is the approach to Judaism which adheres to the traditional interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Sanhedrin and subsequently developed and applied by the later authorities known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and...
synagogue
Synagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
at Dudhope Park that was built in the 1960s, with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (5 km) to the east. Samye Dzong Dundee is a Buddhist
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
Temple based in Reform Street. There is also a Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
mandir and Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
gurdwara
Gurdwara
A Gurdwara , meaning the Gateway to the Guru, is the place of worship for Sikhs, the followers of Sikhism. A Gurdwara can be identified from a distance by tall flagpoles bearing the Nishan Sahib ....
that share a premises in Taylor's Lane situated in the West End
West End, Dundee
The West End is an area of the city of Dundee, Scotland. Bordered to the south by the River Tay, to the north by Blackness and to the east by the city centre, the West End is primarily an affluent residential area surrounding its main commercial thoroughfare, Perth Road, and the main campus of the...
of the city, and there is a second gurdwara in Victoria Road.
Culture
Repertory
Repertory or rep, also called stock in the United States, is a term used in Western theatre and opera.A repertory theatre can be a theatre in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation...
ensemble, established in the 1930s. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor Brian Cox is a native of the city. The Dundee Repertory Theatre
Dundee Repertory Theatre
Dundee Repertory Theatre or Dundee Rep is a theatre and arts company in the city of Dundee, Scotland. It operates as both a producing house - staging at least six of its own productions each year, and a receiving house - hosting work from visiting companies throughout Scotland and the United...
, built in 1982 is the base for Scottish Dance Theatre
Scottish Dance Theatre
Scottish Dance Theatre is a British contemporary dance company based at Dundee Repertory Theatre, Scotland.-The company:Scottish Dance Theatre is led by Artistic Director Janet Smith, who is a vital contributor to its choreographic repertoire...
.
Dundee's principal concert
Concert
A concert is a live performance before an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band...
auditorium
Auditorium
An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances at venues such as theatres. For movie theaters, the number of auditoriums is expressed as the number of screens.- Etymology :...
, the Caird Hall
Caird Hall
The Caird Hall is the principal concert auditorium in Dundee, Scotland.Built between 1914 and 1923 and named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird, the Caird Hall regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra....
(named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird
James Key Caird
Sir James Key Caird, 1st Baronet was a Scottish jute baron and mathematician. He was one of the city's most successful entrepreneurs, who used the latest technology in his Ashton and Craigie Mills. James Caird was born in Dundee, and was the son of Edward Caird who had founded the firm of Caird ...
) in the City Square regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra
Royal Scottish National Orchestra
The Royal Scottish National Orchestra is Scotland's national symphony orchestra. Based in Glasgow, the 89-member professional orchestra also regularly performs in Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee, and abroad. Formed in 1891 as the Scottish Orchestra, the company has performed full-time since 1950,...
. Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual Jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
, Guitar
Guitar
The guitar is a plucked string instrument, usually played with fingers or a pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with...
and Blues
Blues
Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the "Deep South" of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads...
Festivals. The Dundee Contemporary Arts
Dundee Contemporary Arts
Dundee Contemporary Arts is an art centre in the city of Dundee, Scotland which houses two contemporary art galleries, a two-screen cinema, a print studio, a visual research centre and a café bar.- History :...
, which opened in 1999 in the city's cultural quarter, is home to both an art gallery and art house cinema.
The city's main museum and art gallery, McManus Galleries
McManus Galleries
McManus Galleries is a Gothic Revival-style building, located in the centre of Dundee, Scotland. The building houses a museum and art gallery with a collection of fine and decorative art as well as a natural history collection....
is in Albert Square. The exhibits include a collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Britain's only full-time public observatory
Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geology, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed...
, Mills Observatory
Mills Observatory
The Mills Observatory in Dundee, Scotland, is the only full-time public astronomical observatory in the UK . Built in 1935, the observatory is classically styled in sandstone and has a distinctive 7 m dome, which houses a Victorian refracting telescope, a small planetarium, and display areas...
at the summit of the city's Balgay Hill
Balgay
Balgay is a suburb in the west end of Dundee, Scotland. The name, derived from Gaelic, seems to mean 'stead of the marsh/wind' . During the 17th century, Balgay House was built and now this has become incorporated into Royal Victoria Hospital. Balgay Hill and Victoria Park were acquired by Dundee...
was gifted to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist, john mills in 1935. Sensation Science Centre
Sensation Science Centre
Sensation is a science centre located in Dundee, Scotland, and is part of the Scottish Science Centres Network.The centre is a registered non-profit organization that is funded by the public and donations from local corporate sponsors....
in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses through a series of interactive shows and exhibits. Verdant Works
Verdant Works
Verdant Works is a former jute mill in the Blackness area of Dundee, Scotland. It was purchased in 1991 by the Dundee Heritage Trust. The Trust restored the buildings and opened them in 1996 as a museum dedicated to textile industry, an industry that once dominated the city's economy.-Historic...
is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill. A new £47 million pound centre for art and design known as the "V&A at Dundee" is to be built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay
River Tay
The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland and the seventh-longest in the United Kingdom. The Tay originates in western Scotland on the slopes of Ben Lui , then flows easterly across the Highlands, through Loch Dochhart, Loch Lubhair and Loch Tay, then continues east through Strathtay , in...
for completion in 2014. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs for the area.
The city's archives and records are mostly kept by two archives, Dundee City Archives, which are operated by Dundee City Council and the University of Dundee
University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on eastern coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland and with a small number of institutions elsewhere....
's Archive Services. Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former Tayside Regional Council. the archive also holds the records of various people groups and organizations connected to the city. The Univerity's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the University and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the University such as D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson CB FRS FRSE was a Scottish biologist, mathematician, and classics scholar. A pioneering mathematical biologist, he is mainly remembered as the author of the 1917 book On Growth and Form, written largely in Dundee in 1915...
. Archive Services is also home to athe archives of several individuals, businesses and organizations based in Dundee and the surrounding area. The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute
Jute
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, which has been classified in the family Tiliaceae, or more recently in Malvaceae....
and linen
Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather....
industry in Dundee, records of other businesses including the archives of the Alliance Trust
Alliance Trust
Alliance Trust plc is a publicly-traded investment and financial services company, headquartered in Dundee, Scotland. Established in 1888, the firm operates the largest investment trust in Britain. Alliance Trust is the tenth-largest company based in Scotland...
and the department store G. L. Wilson, the records of the Brechin Diocese of the Scottish Episcopal Church
Scottish Episcopal Church
The Scottish Episcopal Church is a Christian church in Scotland, consisting of seven dioceses. Since the 17th century, it has had an identity distinct from the presbyterian Church of Scotland....
and the NHS Tayside
NHS Tayside
NHS Tayside is one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. It provides healthcare services in the Angus, City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross areas. NHS Tayside is headquartered in Clepington Road, Dundee...
Archive. The same archive also holds the Michael Peto
Michael Peto
Michael Peto was an internationally recognized Hungarian-British photojournalist of the twentieth century. Emigrating to London before World War II through business, in the postwar years he became one of a generation of Hungarian artists working abroad. During the war, he worked for the British...
collection which includes thousands of the famed photojournalist's photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.
The Beano
The Beano is a British children's comic, published by D.C. Thomson & Co and is arguably their most successful.The comic first appeared on 30 July 1938, and was published weekly. During the Second World War,The Beano and The Dandy were published on alternating weeks because of paper and ink...
, The Dandy
The Dandy
The Dandy is a long running children's comic published in the United Kingdom by D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. The first issue was printed in 1937 and it is the world's third longest running comic, after Detective Comics and Il Giornalino...
and the The Press and Journal. Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include A. L. Kennedy
A. L. Kennedy
Alison Louise Kennedy is a Scottish writer of novels, short stories and non-fiction. She is known for a characteristically dark tone, a blending of realism and fantasy, and for her serious approach to her work...
, Rosamunde Pilcher
Rosamunde Pilcher
Rosamunde Pilcher OBE is a British author of romance novels and mainstream women's fiction. Early in her career she was also published under the pen name Jane Fraser. Pilcher retired from writing in 2000.-Early years:...
, Kate Atkinson
Kate Atkinson
Kate Atkinson MBE is an English author.She was born in York, and studied English Literature at the University of Dundee, gaining her Masters Degree in 1974. She subsequently studied for a doctorate in American Literature. She has often spoken publicly about the fact that she failed at the viva ...
, Thomas Dick
Thomas Dick
Reverend Thomas Dick , was a Scottish church minister, science teacher and writer, known for his works on astronomy and practical philosophy, combining science and Christianity, and defusing the tension between the two.-Early life:Thomas was brought up in the strict tenets of the presbyterian...
, Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley was a British novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus . She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley...
, Mick McCluskey, John Burnside
John Burnside
John Burnside is a Scottish writer, born in Dunfermline.-Background:Burnside studied English and European Languages at Cambridge College of Arts and Technology. A former computer software engineer, he has been a freelance writer since 1996...
and Neil Forsyth. The Dundee International Book Prize
Dundee International Book Prize
The Dundee International Book Prize is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. It is organised in Dundee, Scotland....
is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. William McGonagall, regularly cited as the "world's worst poet", worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work The Tay Bridge Disaster. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.
Cinema
The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF) among other important international Mountain film
Mountain film
A mountain film is a film genre that focuses on mountaineering and especially the battle of man against nature. In addition to mere adventure, the protagonists who return from the mountain come back changed, usually gaining wisdom and enlightenment....
festivals. The animator
Animator
An animator is an artist who creates multiple images that give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence; the images are called frames and key frames. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, video games, and the internet. Usually, an...
, Jimmy MacDonald, the voice of Mickey Mouse
Mickey Mouse
Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at The Walt Disney Studio. Mickey is an anthropomorphic black mouse and typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves...
from 1946 until the early 1980s, was born in the city in 1906.
Music
Popular music groups such as the 1970s soul-funk outfit Average White Band, the Associates, the band Spare SnareSpare Snare
Spare Snare is a band from Dundee, ScotlandFounded in the very early 90s the band have released 9 albums to date, mostly on their own Chute Records. They have also recorded 4 John Peel Sessions. In the 1995 John Peel Festive 50, the band were number 32 with Bugs. Spare Snare have been cited as an...
, Danny Wilson
Danny Wilson (band)
Danny Wilson were a New Wave group formed in Dundee, Scotland.-History:Having been initially formed in the early 80's performing under the names Perfect Strangers and then Dream Kitchen, brothers Gary Clark and Kit Clark formed a band with friend Ged Grimes in 1984, initially under the name...
and the Indie rock
Indie rock
Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1980s. Indie rock is extremely diverse, with sub-genres that include lo-fi, post-rock, math rock, indie pop, dream pop, noise rock, space rock, sadcore, riot grrrl and emo, among others...
bands The View
The View (band)
The View are a Scottish indie rock band. They incorporate various styles such as punk, pop, alternative rock, pop punk, powerpop, folk, and acoustic in their music....
and The Law
The Law (Scotland band)
The Law are an indie rock band from Dundee in Scotland. Their debut album "A Measure Of Wealth" was released in September 2009 through their own record label Local Boy Records . The first single to precede the album, "Don't Stop, Believe", was released on 20 July 2009...
are from Dundee.Ricky Ross
Ricky Ross (musician)
Ricky Ross, born Richard Alexander Ross is a Scottish singer-songwriter and broadcaster, most famously for his work with the rock band, Deacon Blue.-Biography:...
of Deacon Blue
Deacon Blue
Deacon Blue are a Scottish pop band formed in Glasgow during 1985. Their name was taken from the title of the Steely Dan song "Deacon Blues". The band consists of vocalist Ricky Ross and Lorraine McIntosh, keyboard player James Prime and drummer Dougie Vipond....
and singer-songwriter
Singer-songwriter
Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose and sing their own musical material including lyrics and melodies. As opposed to contemporary popular music singers who write their own songs, the term singer-songwriter describes a distinct form of artistry, closely associated with the...
KT Tunstall
KT Tunstall
Kate Victoria "KT" Tunstall is a Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist from St Andrews, Scotland. She broke into the public eye with a 2004 live solo performance of her song "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree" on Later... with Jools Holland...
are former pupils of the High School of Dundee
High School of Dundee
The High School of Dundee is an independent, co-educational, day school in the city of Dundee, Scotland which provides both primary and secondary education to just over one thousand pupils...
, although Tunstall is not a native of the city. The Northern Irish
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
indie rock band Snow Patrol
Snow Patrol
Snow Patrol are an alternative rock band from Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland. Formed at the University of Dundee in 1994 as an indie rock band, the band is now based in Glasgow...
was formed by students at the University of Dundee
University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on eastern coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland and with a small number of institutions elsewhere....
,
Brian Molko
Brian Molko
Brian Molko is a songwriter, lead vocalist, and guitarist of the band Placebo. He is known in particular for his high-pitched vocals, androgynous appearance, and unique, Sonic Youth-influenced guitar style and tuning.-Early life:Born to an American father of French-Italian heritage and a Scottish...
, lead singer of Placebo
Placebo (band)
Placebo are a British rock band from London, England, formed in 1994 by singer and guitarist Brian Molko and bass guitarist Stefan Olsdal. The band was joined by drummer Robert Schultzberg, who was later replaced by Steve Hewitt after conflicts with Molko. Hewitt left the band in October 2007 and...
, grew up in the city.
At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual blues
Blues
Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the "Deep South" of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads...
festival known as the Dundee Blues Bonanza.
Television and radio
Dundee is home to one of 11 BBC ScotlandBBC Scotland
BBC Scotland is a constituent part of the British Broadcasting Corporation, the publicly-funded broadcaster of the United Kingdom. It is, in effect, the national broadcaster for Scotland, having a considerable amount of autonomy from the BBC's London headquarters, and is run by the BBC Trust, who...
broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre. STV North's Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an STV News Tayside opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, STV News at Six
STV News at Six
STV News at Six is a Scottish regional news programme, covering the two STV franchise areas of Northern and Central Scotland, produced by STV Central in the Central region and STV North in the Northern region.The programmes were launched on Monday 23 March 2009, replacing Scotland Today in...
. The city also has a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.
The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980. The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching Tay FM
Tay FM
Tay FM is an Independent Local Radio station commercial local radio station serving Dundee, Perth and the general Tayside area in Scotland. The station is owned & operated by Bauer Radio and forms part of Bauer's Place Network of stations...
for a younger audience and Tay AM
Tay AM
Tay AM is an Independent Local Radio station commercial local radio station serving Dundee, Perth and the general Tayside area in Scotland. The station provides adult contemporary music and classic hits, with chat, competitions, local, national and international news and sport including local...
playing classic hits. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed Wave 102
Wave 102
Wave 102 is a radio station broadcasting to the city of Dundee in Scotland.The station broadcasts a mixed music format and broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week....
.
The University of Dundee has also launched its student radio (internet based) which can be streamed online at www.discoverradio.org. Housed in the Dundee University Students Association building, the station has been broadcasting since September 2010 and includes live shows, music and chat about the city and university life.
Sports and Recreation
Dundee has two professional football teams; DundeeDundee F.C.
Dundee Football Club, founded in 1893, are a football club based in the city of Dundee, Scotland. They are nicknamed The Dee or The Dark Blues and play their home matches at Dens Park. Their shirt colour is dark blue. Dundee currently play in the Scottish First Division, having been relegated from...
and Dundee United
Dundee United F.C.
Dundee United Football Club is a Scottish professional football club located in the city of Dundee. Formed in 1909, originally as Dundee Hibernian, the club changed to the present name in 1923...
who play at Dens Park
Dens Park
Dens Park is a football stadium located on Dens Road in Dundee, Scotland. The stadium is the home of Dundee F.C. and has a capacity of 12,085...
and Tannadice Park
Tannadice Park
Tannadice Park, usually referred to as Tannadice, is a football stadium located on Tannadice Street in the Scottish city of Dundee. The stadium is home of Dundee United F.C. and has a capacity of 14,209.-Early days :...
, respectively. Their stadiums are closer together than any senior football club pair in the UK. Dundee is one of only three British cities to have produced two European Cup
European Champion Clubs' Cup
The European Champion Clubs' Cup, also known as Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens, or simply the European Cup, is a trophy awarded annually by UEFA to the football club that wins the UEFA Champions League...
semi-finalists. Dundee lost to A.C. Milan
A.C. Milan
Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to as A.C. Milan or simply Milan , is a professional Italian football club based in Milan, Lombardy, that plays in the Serie A. Milan was founded in 1899 by English lace-maker Herbert Kilpin and businessman Alfred Edwards among others...
in 1963 and Dundee United lost to A.S. Roma
A.S. Roma
Associazione Sportiva Roma, commonly referred to as simply Roma, is a professional Italian football club based in Rome. Founded by a merger in 1927, Roma have participated in the top-tier of Italian football for all of their existence but one season in the early 50s...
in 1984. Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in 1987. There are also seven junior football
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
teams in the area: Dundee North End
Dundee North End F.C.
Dundee North End Football Club are a Scottish junior football club based in the city of Dundee. Formed in 1895 and nicknamed the Dokens, they play their home games at North End Park which has room for around 2,000 spectators and is within the vicinity of the grounds of both Dundee and Dundee...
, East Craigie
East Craigie F.C.
East Craigie F.C. are a Scottish football club based in Dundee. Their home ground is Craigie Park. Founded in 1880, they are one of the oldest Junior clubs still in existence....
, Lochee Harp
Lochee Harp F.C.
Lochee Harp Football Club are a Scottish Junior football club based in the Lochee area of the city of Dundee. Formed in 1904 and nicknamed "the Harp", they play their home games at Beechwood Park, which has room for around 1,800 spectators...
, Lochee United
Lochee United F.C.
Lochee United Football Club are a Scottish junior football club from the Lochee area of Dundee. Formed in 1892, they play their home games at Thomson Park, which has room for 3,200 spectators, 170 of whom can be seated. Lochee's colours are blue shirts, blue shorts and white socks...
, Dundee Violet
Dundee Violet F.C.
Dundee Violet F.C. are a Scottish football club based in the city of Dundee. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the East Region North Division...
, Broughty Athletic
Broughty Athletic F.C.
Broughty Athletic F.C. is a Scottish football club based in Broughty Ferry, a suburb of the city of Dundee. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the East Region Premier League....
and Downfield
Downfield F.C.
Downfield F.C. are a Scottish junior football club based in the Downfield area of Dundee. Their home ground is Downfield Park.Up until the end of the 2005–06 season, they played in the Tayside Premier League of the Scottish Junior Football Association's Eastern Region.The SJFA restructured...
.
The city is also home to five rugby union
Rugby union
Rugby union, often simply referred to as rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand...
teams – Dundee High School Former Pupils
Dundee HSFP
Dundee High Rugby are a rugby union team that play their home games at the Mayfield Playing Fields, Dundee, Scotland.The team was founded in 1880 by former pupils of the High School of Dundee, and currently play in the Premiership Division One, having been promoted from Scottish Premiership...
rugby club who play in the RBS Premiership Division One; Morgan Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Premiership Division Three; Harris Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Caledonian Division Two Midlands and Panmure R.F.C. and Stobswell R.F.C. both in the RBS Caledonian Division Three Midlands.
Dundee Stars, the main ice hockey
Ice hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
team, play at the Dundee Ice Arena
Dundee Ice Arena
Dundee Ice Arena is a multi-purpose ice rink arena located in the Camperdown district of Dundee. The arena has a capacity of 2,300 seats making it the third largest ice rink arena by capacity in Scotland after the Braehead Arena and Fife Ice Arena. It hosts a number of events such as Dundee Stars...
. The team joined the Elite League
Elite Ice Hockey League
Several competitions fall under the jurisdiction of the Elite League. In 2006–07, the EIHL ran a total of four competitions: the league, playoffs, Challenge Cup and Knockout Cup. The league consists of a single division, each team playing three home games and three away games against the other...
in the 2010/2011 season. Other sports clubs operating in the city include Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Northern Lights floorball
Floorball
Floorball, a type of floor hockey, is an indoor team sport which was developed in the 1970s in Sweden. Floorball is most popular in areas where the sport has developed the longest, such as the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. The game is played...
club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics and Dundee Radio Controlled Car Club.
A new £24 million Olympia leisure centre with multi-storey car park which will replace the exiting facility, construction has begun and is progressing very well, the structure is complete and is scheduled for a completion date in early 2012.
Public services
Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish WaterScottish Water
Scottish Water is a statutory corporation in Scotland that provides water and sewerage services. Unlike in England and Wales, water and sewerage provision in Scotland continues as a public corporation accountable to the public through the Scottish Government....
. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater
Backwater Reservoir
Backwater Reservoir is a reservoir in north west Angus, Scotland.The project was initiated by the Dundee Corporation Waterworks in 1964 and absorbed into the newly created East of Scotland Water Board in 1968, before final completion and the official opening by Queen Elizabeth II on October 9, 1969...
reservoirs in Glen Isla
River Isla, Perthshire
The River Isla is a tributary of the River Tay in Angus and Perthshire, Scotland. It runs for 46 miles through Glen Isla and Strathmore .-External links:*...
. Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc
Scottish Hydro Electric
Scottish Hydro plc was a Public Electricity Supplier formed on 1 August 1989 after a change of name from North of Scotland Electricity plc on that date...
, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.
Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council. There is a kerbside recycling
Recycling
Recycling is processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse...
scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis. Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks. Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.
Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee. Items accepted include, steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. According to recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.
Law enforcement is provided by Tayside Police
Tayside Police
Tayside Police is the territorial police force covering the Scottish council areas of Angus, City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross . The total area covered by the force is with a population of 388,000....
. The headquarters of Tayside Police
Tayside Police
Tayside Police is the territorial police force covering the Scottish council areas of Angus, City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross . The total area covered by the force is with a population of 388,000....
are in West Bell Street. There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.
Healthcare
Health care
Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans. Health care is delivered by practitioners in medicine, chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers...
is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside
NHS Tayside
NHS Tayside is one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. It provides healthcare services in the Angus, City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross areas. NHS Tayside is headquartered in Clepington Road, Dundee...
. Ninewells Hospital
Ninewells Hospital
Ninewells Hospital is one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe, based on the western edge of Dundee, Scotland. It is internationally renowned for introducing laparoscopic surgery to the UK as well as being a leading centre in developing fields such as the management of cancer, medical...
, is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Primary Health Care in Dundee is supplied by a number of General Practices. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the Scottish Ambulance Service
Scottish Ambulance Service
The Scottish Ambulance Service is part of NHS Scotland, and serves all of Scotland. It is a Special Health Board funded directly by the Scottish Government Health Department....
which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife. There are two ambulance stations for the city; one on West School Road and the other at Ninewells Hospital.
Twin cities
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
:
- OrléansOrléans-Prehistory and Roman:Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire...
, France (1946) - ZadarZadarZadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
, Croatia (1959) - WürzburgWürzburgWürzburg is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located at the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian....
, BavariaBavariaBavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
, Germany (1962) - Alexandria, VirginiaAlexandria, VirginiaAlexandria is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of 2009, the city had a total population of 139,966. Located along the Western bank of the Potomac River, Alexandria is approximately six miles south of downtown Washington, D.C.Like the rest of northern Virginia, as well as...
, United States (1974) - NablusNablusNablus is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 126,132. Located in a strategic position between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a Palestinian commercial and cultural center.Founded by the...
, Palestinian territories (1980) - DubaiDubaiDubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi...
, United Arab Emirates
In addition, the Scottish Episcopalian
Scottish Episcopal Church
The Scottish Episcopal Church is a Christian church in Scotland, consisting of seven dioceses. Since the 17th century, it has had an identity distinct from the presbyterian Church of Scotland....
Diocese
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...
of Brechin
Diocese of Brechin
The pre-Reformation Diocese of Brechin or Diocese of Angus was one of the thirteen historical dioceses of Scotland. The diocese was believed to have been founded by Bishop Samson in 1153, and based at the cathedral in Brechin, Angus...
(centred on St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee
St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the city of Dundee, Scotland. It is the Cathedral and administrative centre of the Diocese of Brechin in the Scottish Episcopal Church.-Castle:...
in Dundee) is twinned with the diocese of Iowa
Iowa
Iowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...
, United States and the diocese of Swaziland
Swaziland
Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...
.
See also
- Brittle Bone SocietyBrittle Bone SocietyThe Brittle Bone Society is the only UK wide charity dedicated to providing support to people affected by osteogenesis Imperfecta .-Background:The Brittle Bone Society was established in 1968 in Dundee by Margaret Grant, who has OI...
, a UK charity established in 1968 in Dundee - Alexander C. LambAlexander Crawford LambAlexander Crawford Lamb was a Scottish hotelier, art collector, antiquarian and writer. He amassed a considerable collection of paintings, literary works, china, furniture antiquities and other ephemera and memorabilia. His most notable literary achievement was the publication of a massive volume...
and references to the Lamb Collection which is held in the City Museum and the Local History Centre of Dundee Central Library.
News
| url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm | title = Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 28 February 2005 | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | last = Didcock | first = Barry | coauthors = | title = Almost Famous | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = Sunday HeraldSunday Herald
The Sunday Herald is a Scottish Sunday newspaper launched on 7 February 1999. The ABC audited circulation in April 2011 showed sales of 31,123.From the start it has combined a centre-left stance with support for Scottish devolution...
| date = 1 May 2005 | url = http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | accessdate =6 September 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 |archivedate = 27 April 2006}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8160624.stm | title = City promotes Emirates connection | work = BBC News | date = 21 July 2009 | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm | title = Dundee Stars join top UK league | work = BBC Sport | date = 28 April 2010 | accessdate=7 August 2011}} | title = Dragging a building into the 21st Century | work = Scottish Planner | page = 11 | date = July, 2010}} | title = Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan | url = http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp | accessdate =3 May 2011 | date = 19 February 2005 | work= The Scotsman | location=Edinburgh | first=Peter | last=Macmahon}} | title = Time running out for 'least liked' building Tayside House | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html | accessdate =18 August 2011 | date = 17 August 2011 | work = The Courier}} | title = Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided | work = The Courier | date = 4 May 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/13586/fate-of-whitfield-s-skarne-blocks-to-be-decided.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}} | date = 7 December 1966 | title = First Dundee computer next year | work = The Courier}} | title = Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down | work = The Courier | date = 14 September 2010 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}} |url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm | title = Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards | work = University of Dundee | year = 2009 | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week | work = The Courier | date = 5 March 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html| accessdate =16 May 2011}} | title = Tenants gone, soon multi too | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 2 March 2007 | url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm | accessdate =16 May 2011}} | url = http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | title = Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant | work = The Scotsman | date = 29 August 1993 | accessdate =8 July 2006 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | archivedate = 14 June 2006}}
Websites
|| title = A Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_69.pdf | accessdate =25 April 2011 | publisher = Dundee City Council}} | url = http://www.almi.abdn.ac.uk | title = Al-Maktoum Institute | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Notif0805B.htm |title=A list of ambulance stations in Scotland |publisher=isdscotland |year=2005 |accessdate=21 March 2011}} | url = http://www.aogscotland.org.uk/ChurchDirectory.htm#EastCoast | title = Assemblies of God Scotland | publisher = www.aogscotland.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | title = Blue Bin Paper Collections | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/bluebin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}} | url = http://www.episcopalchurch.org/81799_92921_ENG_HTM.htm | title = Brechin-Iowa-Swaziland: Walking together in companionship | publisher = Episcopal Life Online | accessdate =26 February 2009}} | title = Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/brownbin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009 }} | url = http://www.lds.org.uk/contact-us/ward-locator/search-by-map/details/dundee-bingham-ward/| title = The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints search | publisher = www.lds.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ | title = College of Life Sciences Research Biocentre | publisher = University of DundeeUniversity of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on eastern coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland and with a small number of institutions elsewhere....
| accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Employment: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null | title = Comparative Population: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml | title = Contact numbers for BBC Scotland | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/councillors/wardsbysurname/ | title = Councillors - Political Wards - by Councillor Surname | work = Dundee City Council | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4880844.stm | title = Cox may be ambassador for Dundee | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011 | date=5 April 2006}} | url = http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | title = The Diocese of Brechin | publisher = www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk/ | title = The Diocese of Dunkeld | publisher = www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} |url = http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=1168 | title = Dundee Football Club | publisher = www.scottishfootballleague.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm | title = Dundee Airport | publisher = Dundee City Council |year= 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060811190112/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm |archivedate = 11 August 2006}} | url = http://www.dundeebluesbonanza.co.uk/ | title = Dundee Blues Bonanza | accessdate =6 September 2006}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_77.pdf | title = Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001-2031 | publisher = Dundee City Council and Scottish Enterprise | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://www.searchforhope.org/dundee | title = Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia | publisher = www.searchforhope.org | accessdate =26 October 2010}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm | title = Dundee City Council Political Make-up | work = Dundee City Council website | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_119.pdf | title = Dundee Economic Profile | date = January 2011 | accessdate =24 February 2011}} | url = http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | title = Dundee Hebrew Congregation | publisher = www.scojec.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url =http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=319&Itemid=789 | title = Dundee HSFP Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecentralmosque.org.uk/home.htm | title = Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeemethodist.org.uk | title = Dundee Methodist Church | publisher = www.dundeemethodist.org.uk. | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk/ | title = Dundee Mountain Film Festival | publisher = www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk |accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.quakerscotland.org/dundee | title = Dundee Quaker Meeting | publisher = www.quakerscotland.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm | title = Dundee Scots | work = Wir Ain Leid | accessdate =27 April 2011}} | title = Dundee's Twins Around the World | publisher = Dundee City Council | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ | accessdate =4 July 2006}} | title = Dundee United Football Club, Team Profile | url = http://www.scotprem.com/content/default.asp?page=s10_2 | publisher = Scottish Premier Football League (SPL) | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeewaterfront.com/documents/waterfrontbrochure2_000.pdf | title = Dundee Waterfront Brochure | publisher = Dundee Waterfront | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro63.html |title = European Cup History, Season 1962–1963 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro84.html | title = European Cup History, Season 1983–1984 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | title = Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies | work = Boundary Commission for Scotland | url = http://www.bcomm-scotland.gov.uk | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90520090.pdf | title = General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade | work = Committee of Trade and Development | date = 12 December 1969 | accessdate =17 May 2011}} | title = GeoIndex Onshore | work = British Geological Survey | url = http://www.bgs.ac.uk/GeoIndex/ | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/Constituency%202011/con-angs.htm | title = Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South | publisher = Scottish Parliament | accessdate =7 May 2011}} | url = http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-scotland.html | title = Gurudwaras in Scotland | publisher = www.allaboutsikhs.com | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=304&Itemid=789 | title = Harris Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.hinducounciluk.org/newsite/affiliates.asp#Dundee | title = Hindu Council UK | publisher = www.hinducounciluk.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.historyshelf.org/secf/whale/08.php | title = Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships | accessdate =4 May 2011 | year = 2003 | work = HistoryShelf.org | publisher = East Lothian Council}} | url = http://www.mountainfilmalliance.org/ | title = International Alliance for Mountain Film | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/scotland/dundee.html | title = International Jewish Cemetery Project — Scotland | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = James McGovern, MP for Dundee West | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38863.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.mylocalservices.co.uk/Angus/Religious_Organisations/1733939/Jehovahs_Witnesses.html | title = Jehovah's Witnesses — Angus — Religious Organisations | publisher = www.mylocalservices.co.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://legends.disney.go.com/legends/detail?key=Jimmy+MacDonald | title = Jimmy MacDonald (Animator - Voice) Inducted 1933 | publisher = Walt Disney Company | accessdate =11 June 2011}} | title = Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/joe_fitzpatrick/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://dundee.samye.org/ | title = Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee) | publisher = dundee.samye.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | title = Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/kerbsiderecycling/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}} | title = Kingspark School | url = http://kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk/ | publisher = kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk | accessdate =3 February 2009}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/perth_tayside/article_1.shtml | title = Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee | work = Legacies | publisher = BBC | accessdate =9 July 2006}} | title = List of MEPs in Scotland | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/search.do?country=GB&zone=Scotland&language=EN | publisher = European Parliament | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | title = Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | title = Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2004/20040009.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/hbenviron/pdfs/logie.pdf | title = Logie Conservation Area | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-settlements-table2.pdf | title = Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Settlements in order of size | publisher = General Register for Scotland | year = 2008 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7881894.stm | title = Money for computer games centre | publisher = BBC News | date = 10 February 2009 | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=336&Itemid=789 | title = Morgan Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.constructingcommunities.com/Home/Media/Publications/10-12-15/Mansell_wins_%c2%a324_million_contract_to_build_major_landmark_in_Dundee.aspx | title = Mansell wins £24 million contract to build major landmark in Dundee | publisher = Mansell Construction | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |title = NME Interview with Placebo |publisher = NME
NME
The New Musical Express is a popular music publication in the United Kingdom, published weekly since March 1952. It started as a music newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s, changing from newsprint in 1998. It was the first British paper to include a singles...
/PlaceboWorld | accessdate =17 July 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060415091720/http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |archivedate = 15 April 2006}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func=showResultsRank&p=305&Itemid=789 | title = Panmure RFC and Stobswell RFC Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.tayside.police.uk/Your-Community/Dundee |title=Policing in Dundee |accessdate=21 March 2011}} | work = Office for National Statistics | title = Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority | year = 2002 | url = http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7657 | accessdate =20 April 2010}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_85.pdf | title = Population Matters | accessdate =3 March 2009 | publisher = Dundee City Council}} | url = http://www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk/index.html | title = Presbytery of Dundee | publisher = www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | title = Primary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/primaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | title = Radio Tay's first day | url = http://retrodundee.blogspot.com/2008/11/radio-tays-first-day-1980.html | publisher = retrodundee.blogspot.com | accessdate =29 January 2009 }} | work = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: Canmore Database | title = Dundee, Stannergate | url = http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.newcandig_details_gis?inumlink=33477 | accessdate =22 April 2011}} |url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingcentres/ | title = Recycling Centres | publisher = Dundee City Council |accessdate =21 March 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingpoints/ | title = Recycling Points | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =21 March 2011}} | title = Regional mapped climate averages | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/regmapavge.html#escotland | accessdate =20 April 2011 | work = Met Office}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/dundee | title = Salvation Army Dundee | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/menzieshill | title = Salvation Army Menzieshill | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk |accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml | title = Scotland's Jewish Community | publisher = www.jgsgb.org.uk | accessdate =28 January 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080801015456/http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml |archivedate = 1 August 2008}} | url = http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |title = How we are organised |publisher = Scottish Ambulance Service |accessdate=21 March 2011}} |url = http://www.footballcentral.org/sfa/associations/scottish-junior-football-association/club-directory-a-k.cfm |title = Scottish Junior football teams A-K |publisher = Scottish Junior Football Association |accessdate =6 December 2009}} | title = Secondary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/secondaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | title = Sensation Science Centre | url = http://www.sensation.org.uk/index.php?p=117 | publisher = www.sensation.org.uk | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | title = Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/shona_robison/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | title = Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38317.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | last = Borges | first = Mario Mesquita | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Snow Patrol Biography | work = Yahoo! Music
Yahoo! Music
Yahoo! Music, owned by Yahoo!, is the provider of a variety of music services, including Internet radio, music videos, news, artist information, and original programming...
| publisher = Yahoo!
Yahoo!
Yahoo! Inc. is an American multinational internet corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine , Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping ,...
| date = | url = http://music.yahoo.com/ar-296554-bio--Snow-Patrol | doi = | accessdate =6 September 2006 }} | title = Tannadice Park | url = http://scottishfootballarchive.co.uk/grounds/tannadice-park | publisher = scottishfootballarchive.co.uk | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dmadesign.org/ | title = The Complete History of DMA Design| accessdate =9 July 2006 | work = The DMA History Site}} | url = http://www.tbcdundee.org.uk | title = Trinity Baptist Church Dundee | publisher = www.tbcdundee.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url =http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1986/intro.html | title = UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987 | publisher = www.uefa.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://mosques.muslimsinbritain.org/show-browse.php?town=Dundee | title = UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | title = UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator | url = http://www.postcode.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8452055.stm | title = Dundee to get its own V&A museum | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011 | date=11 January 2010}} | publisher = Waste Aware Tayside | accessdate =3 June 2011 | title = Facts and Figures | url = http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp}} | url = http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | title = Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee | publisher = www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1995&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title=Aug 1995 Maximum | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year=2006&indexid=TG&stationid=1630 | title = Jul 2006 Mean | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1630 | title = 1971-2000 average warmest day | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1630 | title = 1971-2000 >25c days | accessdate =22 March 2011}}
Maps
| title = Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath | work = Ordnance SurveyOrdnance Survey
Ordnance Survey , an executive agency and non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom, is the national mapping agency for Great Britain, producing maps of Great Britain , and one of the world's largest producers of maps.The name reflects its creation together with...
Landranger Map | edition = B2 | year = 2007 | isbn = 0319229807}} | work = Soil Survey of Scotland | publisher = Macaulay Institute for Soil Research | location = Aberdeen | year = 1982 | title = Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland}} | last = Pont | first = T. | title = Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. | publisher = www.nls.uk | date=c1583-96 | url = http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | accessdate =22 April 2011}}
External links
- Dundee City Council
- Dundee Guide
- Dundee Information Website
- Dundee and Angus information portal
- Heraldry of Dundee Burgh, District and City
- Dundonian for beginners
- Dundee Dialect
- InDundee listings
- Memorial inscriptions from the city's oldest cemetery
- Dundee in 3d
- Dundee Mountain Film Festival
- National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE (selection of archive films about Dundee)
- Photographs of Dundee, Old and New
- Dundee, Dundee City Center Tourism Guide