Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy -
  1. Owusu Sekyere II, Regent (1887–1888)
  2. Kwaku Dua III Asamu, Asantehene (1888–1896)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
  - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
• Dahomey - Glele
  Glele
  Badohou, who took the throne name Glele, is considered to be the tenth King of the Aja kingdom of Dahomey . He succeeded his father, Ghezo, and ruled from 1858 to 1889....
  
  , King of Dahomey (1856–1889)
• Ethiopia
  Ethiopian Empire
  The Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia, covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers, and included in its peripheries Zeila, Djibouti, Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia...
  
  - Yohannes IV
  Yohannes IV of Ethiopia
  Yohannes IV , born Lij Kassay Mercha Ge'ez, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1872 until his death.-Early life:...
  
  , Emperor of Ethiopia
  Emperor of Ethiopia
  The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
  
   (1871–1889)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
  - Hilary R. W. Johnson
  Hilary R. W. Johnson
  Hilary Richard Wright Johnson served as the 11th President of Liberia from 1884 to 1892. He was elected four times. He served as Secretary of State before his presidency, under the administration of Edward James Roye....
  
  , President of Liberia (1884–1892)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Umar bin Ali, Sokoto Caliph (1881–1891)
  • Grand Vizier - Muhammad Bukhari, Sokoto Grand Vizier
    Sokoto Grand Vizier
    The Wazirin Sakkwato, or "Sokoto Grand Vizier", was the Grand Vizier to the Sultan of Sokoto of the Fulani Empire, in fact rather suzerain of the Fulani Jihad states.-List of Grand Viziers:*Gidago dan Laima...
    
     (1886–1910)
• Zanzibar
  Zanzibar
  Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba...
  
  -
  1. Sayyid Barghash bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1870–1888)
  2. Sayyid Khalifah bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1888–1890)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Afghanistan
  Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
  
  - Abdur Rahman Khan
  Abdur Rahman Khan
  Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.The third son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government in Kabul after the disarray that followed the second...
  
  , King of Afghanistan (1880–1901)
• China (Qing Dynasty
  Qing Dynasty
  The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
  
  ) - Guangxu, Emperor of China
  Emperor of China
  The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
  
   (1875–1908)
• Japan
  Empire of Japan
  The Empire of Japan is the name of the state of Japan that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 to the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of...
  
  
  • Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan
    Emperor of Japan
    The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
    
     (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ito Hirobumi
       Ito Hirobumi
       Prince was a samurai of Chōshū domain, Japanese statesman, four time Prime Minister of Japan , genrō and Resident-General of Korea. Itō was assassinated by An Jung-geun, a Korean nationalist who was against the annexation of Korea by the Japanese Empire...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (1885–1888)
    2. Kuroda Kiyotaka
       Kuroda Kiyotaka
       , also known as , was a Japanese politician of the Meiji era. He was the second Prime Minister of Japan from 30 April 1888 to 25 October 1889.-As a Satsuma samurai:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (1888–1889)
• Korea
  Korea
  Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
  
  (Joseon Dynasty
  Joseon Dynasty
  Joseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
  
  ) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
  -
  1. Turki bin Said
     Turki bin Said, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
     Sayyid Turki bin Said, GCSI was Sultan of Muscat and Oman from January 30, 1871 to June 4, 1888. He was the fifth son of Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman.On Turki's death, he was succeeded by his second son, Faisal bin Turki....
     
     , Sultan of Oman
     Sultan of Oman
     -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
     
      (1871–1888)
  2. Faisal bin Turki
     Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
     Sayyid Faisal bin Turki, GCIE , historic spelling Fessul bin Turkee, ruled as Sultan of Muscat and Oman from June 4, 1888 - October 15, 1913. He succeeded his father Turki bin Said as Sultan...
     
     , Sultan of Oman
     Sultan of Oman
     -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
     
      (1888–1913)
• Umm al-Quwain
  Umm al-Quwain
  Umm al-Quwain is one of the emirates in the United Arab Emirates, located in the north of the country. The emirate was ruled until his death by Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mu'alla, who was a member of the UAE's Supreme Council since 1981. The emirate had 62,000 inhabitants in 2003 and has an area of 750...
  
  - Sheikh Ahmad I bin `Abd Allah Al Mu`alla, Emir (1873–1904)

Europe

• Andorra
  Andorra
  Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
  
  
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot
      Marie François Sadi Carnot
      Marie François Sadi Carnot was a French statesman and the fourth president of the Third French Republic. He served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894.-Early life:...
      
      , President of France (1887–1894)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic -
    1. Francesc Maestre, First Syndic of Andorra (1886–1888)
    2. Antoni Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1888–1897)
• Austria-Hungary
  Austria-Hungary
  Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
  
  - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria
  Emperor of Austria
  The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
  
   and King of Hungary
  King of Hungary
  The King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...
  
   (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe, Minister-President of Austria (1879–1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza
    Kálmán Tisza
    Kálmán Tisza de Borosjenő was the Hungarian prime minister between 1875 and 1890. He is credited for the formation of a consolidated Magyar government, the foundation of the new Liberal Party and major economic reforms that would both save and eventually lead to a government with popular...
    
    , Minister-President of Hungary (1875–1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II
    Leopold II of Belgium
    Leopold II was the second king of the Belgians. Born in Brussels the second son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie of Orléans, he succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865 and remained king until his death.Leopold is chiefly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free...
    
    , King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - August Beernaert, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1884–1894)
• Bulgaria
  Principality of Bulgaria
  The Principality of Bulgaria was a self-governing entity created as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The preliminary treaty of San Stefano between the Russian Empire and the Porte , on March 3, had originally proposed a significantly larger Bulgarian territory: its...
  
  
  • Monarch - Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Stefan Stambolov
    Stefan Stambolov
    Stefan Nikolov Stambolov was a Bulgarian politician, who served as Prime Minister and regent. He is considered one of the most important and popular "Founders of Modern Bulgaria", and is sometimes referred to as "the Bulgarian Bismarck".- Early years :Stambolov was born in Veliko Tarnovo...
    
     (1887–1894)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX
    Christian IX of Denmark
    Christian IX was King of Denmark from 16 November 1863 to 29 January 1906.Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish...
    
    , King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jakob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup, Prime Minister of Denmark
    Prime Minister of Denmark
    The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
    
     (1875–1894)
• France
  French Third Republic
  The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
  
  -
  • President - Marie François Sadi Carnot
    Marie François Sadi Carnot
    Marie François Sadi Carnot was a French statesman and the fourth president of the Third French Republic. He served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894.-Early life:...
    
    , President of France (1887–1894)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pierre Tirard
       Pierre Tirard
       Pierre Emmanuel Tirard was a French politician.He was born to French parents in Geneva, Switzerland. After studying in his native town, Tirard became a civil engineer. After five years of government service he resigned to become a jewel merchant...
       
       , President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1887–1888)
    2. Charles Floquet
       Charles Floquet
       -Biography:He was born at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port . He studied law in Paris, and was called to the bar in 1851. The coup d'état of that year aroused the strenuous opposition of Floquet, who had, while yet a student, given proof of his republican sympathies by taking part in the fighting of 1848...
       
       , President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1888–1889)
• German Empire
  German Empire
  The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
  
  -
  • Monarch -
    1. Wilhelm I, German Emperor
       Kaiser
       Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
       
        (1871–1888)
    2. Friedrich III, German Emperor
       Kaiser
       Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
       
        (1888)
    3. Wilhelm II, German Emperor
       Kaiser
       Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
       
        (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck
    Otto von Bismarck
    Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
    
    , Chancellor of Germany (1871–1890)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1888
• Greece
  Kingdom of Greece
  The Kingdom of Greece was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers...
  
  
  • Monarch - George I
    George I of Greece
    George I was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. Originally a Danish prince, George was only 17 years old when he was elected king by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the former king Otto. His nomination was both suggested and supported by the Great Powers...
    
    , King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister - Charilaos Trikoupis
    Charilaos Trikoupis
    Charilaos Trikoupis was a Greek politician who served as a Prime Minister of Greece seven times from 1875 until 1895....
    
    , Prime Minister of Greece (1886–1890)
• Italy
  Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
  The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
  
  
  • Monarch - Umberto I
    Umberto I of Italy
    Umberto I or Humbert I , nicknamed the Good , was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. He was deeply loathed in far-left circles, especially among anarchists, because of his conservatism and support of the Bava-Beccaris massacre in Milan...
    
    , King of Italy
    King of Italy
    King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
    
     (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi
    Francesco Crispi
    Francesco Crispi was a 19th-century Italian politician of Arbëreshë ancestry. He was instrumental in the unification of Italy and was its 17th and 20th Prime Minister from 1887 until 1891 and again from 1893 until 1896.-Sicily:Crispi’s paternal family came originally from the small agricultural...
    
    , Prime Minister of Italy
    Prime minister of Italy
    The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
    
     (1887–1891)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - William III
    William III of the Netherlands
    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duke of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866.-Early life:William was born in Brussels as son of William II of the Netherlands and...
    
    , King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Édouard Thilges, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1885–1888)
    2. Paul Eyschen
       Paul Eyschen
       Paul Eyschen was a Luxembourgish politician, statesman, lawyer, and diplomat. He was the eighth Prime Minister of Luxembourg, serving for twenty-seven years, from 22 September 1888 until his death, on 11 October 1915....
       
       , Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch - William III
    William III of the Netherlands
    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duke of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866.-Early life:William was born in Brussels as son of William II of the Netherlands and...
    
    , King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jan Heemskerk
       Jan Heemskerk
       Jan Heemskerk Abrahamszoon was a Dutch politician, who became the prime minister of the Netherlands in 1874 until 1877, and again in 1883, until 1888. His son, Theo Heemskerk was also prime minister, in the period 1908-1913.-History:Heemskerk was born in Amsterdam in 1818...
       
       , Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers
       Prime Minister of the Netherlands
       The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
       
        (1874–1877, 1883–1888)
    2. Aeneas Mackay, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers
       Prime Minister of the Netherlands
       The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
       
        (1888–1891)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  Ottoman Empire
  The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
  
  - Abdülhamit II, Sultan (1876–1909)
• Portugal
  Kingdom of Portugal
  The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
  
  - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
• Russia
  Russian Empire
  The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
  
  - Alexander III
  Alexander III of Russia
  Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov , historically remembered as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on .-Disposition:...
  
  , Tsar of Russia (1881–1894)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII
    Alfonso XIII of Spain
    Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
    
    , King of Spain (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina
    Maria Christina of Austria
    Maria Christina of Austria was Queen consort of Spain as the second wife of King Alfonso XII of Spain...
    
     (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister - Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
    Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
    Práxedes Mariano Mateo Sagasta y Escolar was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister on eight occasions between 1870 and 1902—always in charge of the Liberal Party—as part of the turno pacifico, alternating with the Liberal-Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas...
    
    , Prime Minister of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
• Sweden -
  • Monarch - Oscar II
    Oscar II of Sweden
    Oscar II , baptised Oscar Fredrik was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.-Early life:At his birth in Stockholm, Oscar...
    
    , King of Sweden (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Robert Themptander
     Robert Themptander
     Robert Themptander was a politician, public official, Finance Minister, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1884 to 1888 during the reign of King Oscar II, and Governor of Stockholm District from 1888 to 1896.-Biography:...
     
     , Prime Minister of Sweden
     Prime Minister of Sweden
     The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
     
      (1884–1888)
  2. Gillis Bildt
     Gillis Bildt
     Didrik Anders Gillis Bildt was a Swedish parliamentarian, military officer, baron and prime minister 1888–1889.-Family:...
     
     , Prime Minister of Sweden
     Prime Minister of Sweden
     The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
     
      (1888–1889)
• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it....
  
  -
  • Monarch - Victoria
    Victoria of the United Kingdom
    Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
    
     (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada -
  • Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada
    Prime Minister of Canada
    The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
    
     (1878–1891)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
  - Bernardo Soto Alfaro
  Bernardo Soto Alfaro
  Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro was President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889.He took office when his father-in-law, President Próspero Fernández, died in office in 1885, and in a gesture of national conciliation following the fiercely disputed election for his successor, decided to hold himself apart...
  
  , President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz
  Porfirio Díaz
  José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican-American War volunteer and French intervention hero, an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N...
  
  , President of Mexico
  President of Mexico
  The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
  
   (1884–1911)
• United States - Grover Cleveland
  Grover Cleveland
  Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents...
  
  , President of the United States
  President of the United States
  The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
  
   (1885–1889)

Oceania

• Hawaii
  Kingdom of Hawaii
  The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
  
  - Kalākaua
  Kalakaua
  Kalākaua, born David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and sometimes called The Merrie Monarch , was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of Hawaii...
  
  , King of Hawaii  (1874–1891)
• Niue
  Niue
  Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
  
  - Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
• Samoa
  Samoa
  Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
  
  - Malietoa Laupepa
  Malietoa Laupepa
  Susuga Malietoa Laupepa was the ruler of Samoa in the late 19th century.-Personal life: Laupepa was born in 1841 in Sapapali'i, Savaii, Samoa. His father was King Malietoa Moli and mother was Fa’alaituio Fuatino Su’a. He was raised in Malie, received a religious education at Malua Seminary and...
  
  , Malietoa
  Malietoa
  Malietoa is a state dynasty and chiefly title in Samoa. Literally translated as "great warrior," the title's origin comes from the final words of the Tongan warriors as they were fleeing on the beach to their boats, "Malie To`a, Malie tau"....
  
   (1880–1898)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
  -
  • Monarch - George Tupou I
    George Tupou I of Tonga
    George Tupou I, King of Tonga , originally known as Tāufaāhau I with some extra names: Tupou Maeakafaua Ngininginiofolanga , but took the name Siaosi when baptised in 1831...
    
    , King of Tonga (1845–1893)
  • Prime Minister - Shirley Waldemar Baker
    Shirley Waldemar Baker
    Shirley Waldemar Baker was a missionary and premier of Tonga.-Early life:Baker was born in London, England of a Devonshire family. He studied medicine, went to Australia in 1852 as a stowaway. He worked as a farm hand, miner and apothecary's assistant on the goldfields in Victoria...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
    , (1880–1890)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
  - Miguel Juárez Celman, President of Argentina
  President of Argentina
  The President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
  
   (1886–1890)
• Bolivia
  Bolivia
  Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
  
  -
  1. Gregorio Pacheco
     Gregorio Pacheco
     Gregorio Pacheco Leyes was the constitutional President of Bolivia from 1884 to 1888. A native of Potosí, Pacheco won a disputed election that was a virtual three-way tie between him, Conservative leader Aniceto Arce, and Liberal chief Eliodoro Camacho. Pacheco was a wealthy man and the country's...
     
     , President of Bolivia
     President of Bolivia
     The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
     
      (1884–1888)
  2. Aniceto Arce
     Aniceto Arce
     Aniceto Arce Ruiz was President of Bolivia from 1888 until 1892. The Aniceto Arce Province is named after him. Arce was a native of Tarija but was educated as a lawyer and resided most of his life in Sucre, where he became one of the country's foremost silver-mining tycoons...
     
     , President of Bolivia
     President of Bolivia
     The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
     
      (1888–1892)
• Empire of Brazil - Pedro II
  Pedro II of Brazil
  Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
  
  , Emperor of Brazil (1831–1889)
• Chile
  Chile
  Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
  
  - José Manuel Balmaceda
  José Manuel Balmaceda
  José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández was the 11th President of Chile from September 18, 1886 to August 29, 1891. Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile...
  
  , President of Chile
  President of Chile
  The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
  
   (1886–1891)
• Colombia
  Colombia
  Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
  
  - Rafael Núñez
  Rafael Núñez (politician)
  Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo was a Colombian author, lawyer, journalist and politician, who was elected President of Colombia in 1880 and in 1884. Rafael Núñez was born in Cartagena de Indias, on September 28, 1825. He died in Cartagena on September 18, 1894.-Early life:Little is known about the...
  
  , President of Colombia (1887–1894)
  1. Eliseo Payán
     Eliseo Payán
     José Eliseo Payán Hurtado was a Colombian lawyer, politician, and military officer. Payán as Vice President of Colombia assumed the Presidency of Colombia due to the absence of President Rafael Núñez in 1887.- Biographic data :...
     
     , acting President of Colombia (1887–1888)
  2. Carlos Holguín Mallarino
     Carlos Holguín Mallarino
     Carlos Holguín Mallarino was a Colombian lawyer, journalist and statesman who became President of Colombia between 1888 and 1892, acting in the absence of President Rafael Núñez.- Biographic data :...
     
     , acting President of Colombia (1888–1892)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
  -
  1. José Plácido Caamaño
     José Plácido Caamaño
     José María Plácido Caamaño y Gómez-Cornejo was President of Ecuador 23 November 1883 to 1 July 1888....
     
     , President of Ecuador (1883–1888)
  2. Antonio Flores Jijón
     Antonio Flores Jijón
     Juan Antonio María Flores y Jijón de Vivanco was President of Ecuador 17 August 1888 to 30 June 1892.He was a member of the Progressive Party, a Liberal Catholic party....
     
     , President of Ecuador (1888–1892)
• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
  - Patricio Escobar
  Patricio Escobar
  -His life:He was born in San José de los Arroyos on March 17, 1843. His parents were José Escobar and Ana Bella Cáceres. He was married first with Ignacia Garcete and later with Estalación E. The General Escobar was a hero in War of Paraguay against the Triple Alliance.He was a private in the base...
  
  , President of Paraguay
  President of Paraguay
  The President of Paraguay is according to the Paraguayan Constitution the Chief of the Executive branch of the Government of Paraguay...
  
   (1886–1890)
• Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
  - Andrés Avelino Cáceres
  Andrés Avelino Cáceres
  Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray was three times President of Peru during the 19th century, from 1884 to 1885, then from 1886 to 1890, and again from 1894 to 1895...
  
  , President of Peru (1886–1890)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
  - Máximo Tajes
  Máximo Tajes
  -Background:Tajes came from a military background. He was a member of the Colorado Party , which ruled the country almost uninterruptedly for a century....
  
  , President of Uruguay (1886–1890)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
  -
  1. Hermógenes López
     Hermógenes López
     Hermógenes López was a Venezuelan soldier, farmer and acting president of his country between 1887 and 1888, after the resignation of General Antonio Guzmán Blanco as cause of his voluntary exile in Paris.There is no such information about his childhood, only that was limited to elementary...
     
     , interim President of Venezuela (1887–1888)
  2. Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl
     Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl
     Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl was President of Venezuela from 1888 to 1890. He was the first civilian president who was elected by constitutional procedures in 50 years, and the only one who could finish his term properly, until 74 years later.Elected by Antonio Guzmán like his successor, Rojas tried to...
     
     , President of Venezuela (1888–1892)