Classical/Romantic era transition composers (born 1770-1799)

Name	Date born	Date died	Nationality	Notable works
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...	1770	1827	German	regarded by many as the first Romantic era composer, famous for his nine symphonies, thirty-two piano sonata Piano sonata A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement , two movements , five or even more movements... s, sixteen string quartets, ten violin sonata Violin sonata A violin sonata is a musical composition for violin, which is nearly always accompanied by a piano or other keyboard instrument, or by figured bass in the Baroque period.-A:*Ella Adayevskaya**Sonata Greca for Violin or Clarinet and Piano... s and piano trios
Ferdinando Carulli Ferdinando Carulli Ferdinando Maria Meinrado Francesco Pascale Rosario Carulli was an Italian composer for classical guitar and the author of the first complete classical guitar method, which continues to be used today. He wrote a variety of works for classical guitar, including concertos and chamber works...	1770	1841	Italian	composer for the guitar Classical guitar The classical guitar is a 6-stringed plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones... , wrote concerto Concerto A concerto is a musical work usually composed in three parts or movements, in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra.The etymology is uncertain, but the word seems to have originated from the conjunction of the two Latin words... s and chamber music Chamber music Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part...
Anton Reicha	1770	1836	Czech	composer who experimented with irregular time signature Time signature The time signature is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats are in each measure and which note value constitutes one beat.... s, has significant works for wind quintet
Johann Wilhelm Wilms Johann Wilhelm Wilms Johann Wilhelm Wilms was a Dutch-German composer, best known for writing Wien Neêrlands Bloed, which served as the Dutch national anthem from 1815 to 1932....	1772	1847	Dutch-German	Best known for writing Wien Neêrlands Bloed Wien Neerlands Bloed Wien Neêrlands bloed was the national anthem of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1932.At the foundation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, it was decided that a national anthem was needed. The hymn Het Wilhelmus – which is the national anthem today – was already well known in the time of... , which served as the Dutch national anthem from 1815 to 1932.
Bernhard Henrik Crusell Bernhard Henrik Crusell Bernhard Henrik Crusell was a Swedish-Finnish clarinetist, composer and translator, "the most significant and internationally best-known Finnish-born classical composer and indeed, — the outstanding Finnish composer before Sibelius".-Early life and training:Crusell was born in Uusikaupunki ,...	1775	1838	Finnish	composer and clarinet Clarinet The clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name derives from adding the suffix -et to the Italian word clarino , as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed...  player
Johann Nepomuk Hummel Johann Nepomuk Hummel Johann Nepomuk Hummel or Jan Nepomuk Hummel was an Austrian composer and virtuoso pianist. His music reflects the transition from the Classical to the Romantic musical era.- Life :...	1778	1837	Austrian	composer and pianist, his music bridged the Classical era of music and Romantic era
Fernando Sor Fernando Sor Josep Ferran Sorts i Muntades was a Spanish classical guitarist and composer. While he is best known for his guitar compositions, he also composed music for a wide range of genres, including opera, orchestra, string quartet, piano, voice and ballet...	1778	1839	Spanish	composer for the classical guitar Classical guitar The classical guitar is a 6-stringed plucked string instrument from the family of instruments called chordophones...  who is credited with elevating the guitar to the level of concert instrument
Mauro Giuliani Mauro Giuliani Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani was an Italian guitarist, cellist and composer, and is considered by many to be one of the leading guitar virtuosi of the early 19th century.- Biography :...	1781	1828	Italian	composer and virtuoso Virtuoso A virtuoso is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability in the fine arts, at singing or playing a musical instrument. The plural form is either virtuosi or the Anglicisation, virtuosos, and the feminine form sometimes used is virtuosa...  guitarist Guitarist A guitarist is a musician who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar while singing.- Versatility :The guitarist controls an extremely...
Daniel Auber Daniel Auber Daniel François Esprit Auber was a French composer.-Biography:The son of a Paris print-seller, Auber was born in Caen in Normandy. Though his father expected him to continue in the print-selling business, he also allowed his son to learn how to play several musical instruments...	1782	1871	French	opera composer noted for La muette de Portici La muette de Portici La muette de Portici originally called Masaniello, ou La muette de Portici, is an opera in five acts by Daniel Auber, with a libretto by Germain Delavigne, revised by Eugène Scribe...
John Field John Field (composer) John Field was an Irish pianist, composer, and teacher. He was born in Dublin into a musical family, and received his early education there. The Fields soon moved to London, where Field studied under Muzio Clementi...	1782	1837	Irish	composer and pianist Pianist A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:... , notable for cultivating the nocturne Nocturne A nocturne is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night...
Niccolò Paganini Niccolò Paganini Niccolò Paganini was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer. He was one of the most celebrated violin virtuosi of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique...	1782	1840	Italian	composer and virtuoso violin Violin The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello.... ist, wrote the 24 Caprices 24 Caprices for Solo Violin (Paganini) The 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1 was written by Niccolò Paganini between 1802 and 1817 and published in 1819. They are also designated as M.S. 25 in Maria Rosa Moretti and Anna Sorrento's Catalogo tematico delle musiche di Niccolò Paganini, which was published in 1982...  for violin Violin The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello.... , five concerti for violin, string quartets and works for violin and guitar
Louis Spohr Louis Spohr Louis Spohr was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Born Ludewig Spohr, he is usually known by the French form of his name. Described by Dorothy Mayer as "The Forgotten Master", Spohr was once as famous as Beethoven. As a violinist, his virtuoso playing was admired by Queen Victoria...	1784	1859	German	composer, violinist and conductor, renowned for chamber music and compositions for violin and harp
George Pinto George Pinto George Pinto was an English composer and keyboard virtuoso.-Family:He was baptized at St. Mary's, Lambeth on February 11, 1786 as George Sanders. Accounts of Pinto's life and character are tenuous. There seems to be no surviving correspondence, nor did he have any descendants preserving a family...	1785	1806	English	composer, violinist and virtuoso pianist, known for his contribution to the piano repretoire
Carl Maria von Weber Carl Maria von Weber Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school....	1786	1826	German	composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant Romantic opera composers
Giacomo Meyerbeer Giacomo Meyerbeer Giacomo Meyerbeer was a noted German opera composer, and the first great exponent of "grand opera." At his peak in the 1830s and 1840s, he was the most famous and successful composer of opera in Europe, yet he is rarely performed today.-Early years:He was born to a Jewish family in Tasdorf , near...	1791	1864	German	composer for grand opera Grand Opera Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterised by large-scale casts and orchestras, and lavish and spectacular design and stage effects, normally with plots based on or around dramatic historic events...  (Il crociato in Egitto Il crociato in Egitto Il crociato in Egitto is an opera in two acts by Giacomo Meyerbeer, with a libretto by Gaetano Rossi. It was first performed at La Fenice theatre, Venice on 7 March, 1824. The part of Armando was sung by the famous castrato, Giovanni Battista Velluti; the opera was probably the last ever written... , Les Huguenots Les Huguenots Les Huguenots is a French opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer, one of the most popular and spectacular examples of the style of grand opera. The opera is in five acts and premiered in Paris in 1836. The libretto was written by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps.... , L'Africaine L'Africaine L'africaine is a grand opera, the last work of the composer Giacomo Meyerbeer. The French libretto was written by Eugène Scribe. The opera is about fictitious events in the life of the real historical person Vasco da Gama... )
Gioachino Rossini	1792	1868	Italian	prolific opera composer, best known for The Barber of Seville The Barber of Seville The Barber of Seville, or The Futile Precaution is an opera buffa in two acts by Gioachino Rossini with a libretto by Cesare Sterbini. The libretto was based on Pierre Beaumarchais's comedy Le Barbier de Séville , which was originally an opéra comique, or a mixture of spoken play with music...  and overtures to various other operas
Ignaz Moscheles Ignaz Moscheles Ignaz Moscheles was a Bohemian composer and piano virtuoso, whose career after his early years was based initially in London, and later at Leipzig, where he succeeded his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as head of the Conservatoire.-Sources:Much of what we know about Moscheles's life...	1794	1870	Bohemian	composer and piano virtuoso, head of the Leipzig Conservatory after Felix Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...
Franz Berwald Franz Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald was a Swedish Romantic composer who was generally ignored during his lifetime. He made his living as an orthopedic surgeon and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory....	1796	1868	Swedish	composer, little known in his lifetime, but his works, including his four symphonies are better known today
Gaetano Donizetti Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. His best-known works are the operas L'elisir d'amore , Lucia di Lammermoor , and Don Pasquale , all in Italian, and the French operas La favorite and La fille du régiment...	1797	1848	Italian	opera composer, known for Lucia di Lammermoor Lucia di Lammermoor Lucia di Lammermoor is a dramma tragico in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian language libretto loosely based upon Sir Walter Scott's historical novel The Bride of Lammermoor....  and L'elisir d'amore L'elisir d'amore L'elisir d'amore is an opera by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. It is a melodramma giocoso in two acts...  among others
Franz Schubert Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer.Although he died at an early age, Schubert was tremendously prolific. He wrote some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies , liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music...	1797	1828	Austrian	composer, regarded as the first significant lied Lied is a German word literally meaning "song", usually used to describe romantic songs setting German poems of reasonably high literary aspirations, especially during the nineteenth century, beginning with Carl Loewe, Heinrich Marschner, and Franz Schubert and culminating with Hugo Wolf... er writer, also known for his chamber music, piano works and symphonies

Early Romantic era composers (born 1800-1819)

• Vincenzo Bellini
  Vincenzo Bellini
  Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini was an Italian opera composer. His greatest works are I Capuleti ed i Montecchi , La sonnambula , Norma , Beatrice di Tenda , and I puritani...
  
   (1801–1835), Italian opera composer, known for I Puritani
  I puritani
  I puritani is an opera in three acts by Vincenzo Bellini. It was his last opera. Its libretto is by Count Carlo Pepoli, based on Têtes rondes et Cavaliers by Jacques-François Ancelot and Joseph Xavier Saintine, which is in turn based on Walter Scott's novel Old Mortality. It was first produced at...
  
  , Norma
  Norma (opera)
  Norma is a tragedia lirica or opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini with libretto by Felice Romani after Norma, ossia L'infanticidio by Alexandre Soumet. First produced at La Scala on December 26, 1831, it is generally regarded as an example of the supreme height of the bel canto tradition...
  
   and La sonnambula
  La sonnambula
  La sonnambula is an opera semiseria in two acts, with music in the bel canto tradition by Vincenzo Bellini to an Italian libretto by Felice Romani, based on a scenario for a ballet-pantomime by Eugène Scribe and Jean-Pierre Aumer called La somnambule, ou L'arrivée d'un nouveau seigneur.The first...
  
   among others
• Jean-Baptiste Duvernoy
  Jean-Baptiste Duvernoy
  Jean-Baptiste Duvernoy was a French pianist and composer during the Romantic period. He is best known for composing "Elementary Studies Op.176", which helps finger co-ordination. He is also known for "The School of Mechanism", Op...
  
   (1802–1880), French composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Eliza Flower
  Eliza Flower
  Eliza Flower was a British musician and composer. In addition to her own work, Flower became known for her friendships including those with William Johnson Fox, Robert Browning, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor.-Biography:...
  
   (1803–1846), English composer
• Adolphe Adam
  Adolphe Adam
  Adolphe Charles Adam was a French composer and music critic. A prolific composer of operas and ballets, he is best known today for his ballets Giselle and Le corsaire , his operas Le postillon de Lonjumeau , Le toréador and Si j'étais roi , and his Christmas...
  
   (1803–1856), French composer best known for his ballet
  Ballet
  Ballet is a type of performance dance, that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form. The early portions preceded the invention of the proscenium stage and were presented in large chambers with...
  
   score Giselle
  Giselle
  Giselle is a ballet in two acts with a libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and Théophile Gautier, music by Adolphe Adam, and choreography by Jean Coralli and Jules Perrot. The librettist took his inspiration from a poem by Heinrich Heine...
  
  
• Hector Berlioz
  Hector Berlioz
  Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique and Grande messe des morts . Berlioz made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works; as a...
  
   (1803–1869), French composer famous for his programmatic symphony, the Symphonie Fantastique
  Symphonie Fantastique
  Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d'un Artiste...en cinq parties , Op. 14, is a program symphony written by the French composer Hector Berlioz in 1830. It is one of the most important and representative pieces of the early Romantic period, and is still very popular with concert audiences...
  
  
• Henri Herz
  Henri Herz
  Henri Herz was a pianist and composer, Austrian by birth, and French by domicile.Herz was born Heinrich Herz in Vienna...
  
   (1803–1888), Austrian composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Franz Lachner
  Franz Lachner
  Franz Paul Lachner was a German composer and conductor.Lachner was born in Rain am Lech to a musical family . He studied music with Simon Sechter and Maximilian, the Abbé Stadler. He conducted at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna. In 1834, he became Kapellmeister at Mannheim...
  
   (1803–1890), German composer and conductor, brother of Ignaz Lachner
  Ignaz Lachner
  Ignaz Lachner , was a German composer and conductor.Ignaz Lachner was born into a musical family at Rain am Lech. He was the second of the three famous Lachner brothers. Lachner's brothers Franz and Vinzenz, were also composers...
  
  
• Mikhail Glinka
  Mikhail Glinka
  Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka , was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music...
  
   (1804–1857), Russian nationalist composer, wrote operas such as A Life for the Tsar
  A Life for the Tsar
  A Life for the Tsar , as it is known in English, although its original name was Ivan Susanin is a "patriotic-heroic tragic opera" in four acts with an epilogue by Mikhail Glinka. The original Russian libretto, based on historical events, was written by Nestor Kukolnik, Georgy Fyodorovich Rozen,...
  
  
• Johann Strauss I
  Johann Strauss I
  Johann Strauss I , born in Vienna, was an Austrian Romantic composer famous for his waltzes, and for popularizing them alongside Joseph Lanner, thereby setting the foundations for his sons to carry on his musical dynasty...
  
   (1804–1849), Austrian dance music composer famous for the Radetzky March
  Radetzky March
  Radetzky March, Op. 228, is a march composed by Johann Strauss Sr. in 1848. It was dedicated to the Austrian Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, and became quite a popular march among soldiers....
  
  
• Fanny Mendelssohn
  Fanny Mendelssohn
  Fanny Cäcilie Mendelssohn , later Fanny Hensel, was a German pianist and composer, the sister of the composer Felix Mendelssohn and granddaughter of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn...
  
   (1805–1847), sister of Felix Mendelssohn
  Felix Mendelssohn
  Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...
  
  , German composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , remarkable for her vocal compositions and chamber music
• Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller
  Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller
  Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller, generally known as Friedrich Burgmüller was a German pianist and composer.-Biography:...
  
   (1806–1874), German composer and pianist, brother of Norbert Burgmüller
  Norbert Burgmüller
  Norbert Burgmüller was a German composer.-Life:Burgmüller was born in Düsseldorf, the youngest son in a musical family. His father, August Burgmüller, was the director of a theatre. His mother, Therese von Zandt, was a singer and piano teacher. He had two brothers, Franz and Friedrich, who was...
  
  
• Ignaz Lachner
  Ignaz Lachner
  Ignaz Lachner , was a German composer and conductor.Ignaz Lachner was born into a musical family at Rain am Lech. He was the second of the three famous Lachner brothers. Lachner's brothers Franz and Vinzenz, were also composers...
  
   (1807–1895), German conductor, composer and organist, a prolific composer, notable for his chamber music such as his string quartets and trios
• Michael William Balfe
  Michael William Balfe
  Michael William Balfe was an Irish composer, best-remembered for his opera The Bohemian Girl.After a short career as a violinist, Balfe pursued an operatic singing career, while he began to compose. In a career spanning more than 40 years, he composed 38 operas, almost 250 songs and other works...
  
   (1808–1870), Irish conductor and composer, remembered for his opera The Bohemian Girl
  The Bohemian Girl
  The Bohemian Girl is an opera composed by Michael William Balfe with a libretto by Alfred Bunn. The plot is loosely based on a Cervantes tale, La Gitanilla.The opera was first produced in London at the Drury Lane Theatre on November 27, 1843...
  
  
• Felix Mendelssohn
  Felix Mendelssohn
  Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...
  
   (1809–1847), brother of Fanny Mendelssohn
  Fanny Mendelssohn
  Fanny Cäcilie Mendelssohn , later Fanny Hensel, was a German pianist and composer, the sister of the composer Felix Mendelssohn and granddaughter of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn...
  
  , German conductor, music-director, composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , known for his Violin Concerto
  Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)
  Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 is his last large orchestral work. It forms an important part of the violin repertoire and is one of the most popular and most frequently performed violin concertos of all time...
  
   and the Wedding March
  Wedding March (Mendelssohn)
  Felix Mendelssohn's "Wedding March" in C major, written in 1842, is one of the best known of the pieces from his suite of incidental music to Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream...
  
   from A Midsummer Night's Dream, also wrote five symphonies including the Symphony No. 4
  Symphony No. 4 (Mendelssohn)
  The Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90, commonly known as the Italian, is an orchestral symphony written by German composer Felix Mendelssohn ....
  
   'Italian, and several short lyrical piano pieces or Songs without Words.

• Frédéric Chopin
  Frédéric Chopin
  Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist. He is considered one of the great masters of Romantic music and has been called "the poet of the piano"....
  
   (1810–1849), Polish composer and virtuoso pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , his output includes nocturne
  Nocturne
  A nocturne is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night...
  
  s, ballades, scherzo
  Scherzo
  A scherzo is a piece of music, often a movement from a larger piece such as a symphony or a sonata. The scherzo's precise definition has varied over the years, but it often refers to a movement which replaces the minuet as the third movement in a four-movement work, such as a symphony, sonata, or...
  
  s, etude
  Étude
  An étude , is an instrumental musical composition, most commonly of considerable difficulty, usually designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular technical skill. The tradition of writing études emerged in the early 19th century with the rapidly growing popularity of the piano...
  
  s, and a number of Polish dances such as mazurka
  Mazurka
  The mazurka is a Polish folk dance in triple meter, usually at a lively tempo, and with accent on the third or second beat.-History:The folk origins of the mazurek are two other Polish musical forms—the slow machine...
  
  s, polonaise
  Polonaise
  The polonaise is a slow dance of Polish origin, in 3/4 time. Its name is French for "Polish."The polonaise had a rhythm quite close to that of the Swedish semiquaver or sixteenth-note polska, and the two dances have a common origin....
  
  s, and waltz
  Waltz
  The waltz is a ballroom and folk dance in time, performed primarily in closed position.- History :There are several references to a sliding or gliding dance,- a waltz, from the 16th century including the representations of the printer H.S. Beheim...
  
  es (including the Minute Waltz
  Minute Waltz
  The Waltz in D flat major, Op. 64, No. 1, popularly known as the Minute Waltz, and also Valse du petit chien, is a waltz for solo piano by Frédéric Chopin. It is dedicated to the Countess Delfina Potocka.-History:...
  
  )
• Ferenc Erkel (1810–1893), Hungarian composer of grand opera
  Grand Opera
  Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterised by large-scale casts and orchestras, and lavish and spectacular design and stage effects, normally with plots based on or around dramatic historic events...
  
  
• Norbert Burgmüller
  Norbert Burgmüller
  Norbert Burgmüller was a German composer.-Life:Burgmüller was born in Düsseldorf, the youngest son in a musical family. His father, August Burgmüller, was the director of a theatre. His mother, Therese von Zandt, was a singer and piano teacher. He had two brothers, Franz and Friedrich, who was...
  
   (1810–1836), German composer, praised by Robert Schumann
  Robert Schumann
  Robert Schumann, sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most representative composers of the Romantic era....
  
  
• Robert Schumann
  Robert Schumann
  Robert Schumann, sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most representative composers of the Romantic era....
  
   (1810–1856), German composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , husband of Clara Schumann
  Clara Schumann
  Clara Schumann was a German musician and composer, considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era...
  
  , a significant lieder writer, a prolific composer, wrote many short piano pieces, four symphonies, concerti and chamber music
  Chamber music
  Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part...
  
  
• Wilhelm Taubert
  Wilhelm Taubert
  Carl Gottfried Wilhelm Taubert was a German pianist, composer, and conductor.Taubert studied under Ludwig Berger and Bernhard Klein . In 1831 he became assistant conductor and accompanist for Berlin court concerts...
  
   (1811-1891) German Pianist, Composer and Conductor whose early works received praise from Felix Mendelssohn
• Franz Liszt
  Franz Liszt
  Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...
  
   (1811–1886), Hungarian composer and a virtuoso pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , wrote a number of tone poems and extended piano technique, famous for his Hungarian Rhapsodies
  Hungarian Rhapsodies
  Hungarian Rhapsody redirects here. For the 1979 Hungarian film Hungarian Rhapsody . For the 1928 German film Ungarische Rhapsodie.The Hungarian Rhapsodies, S.244, R106, is a set of 19 piano pieces based on Hungarian folk themes, composed by Franz Liszt during 1846-1853, and later in 1882 and 1885...
  
   and other solo piano works, one of the most influential and distinguished pianist composers of the Romantic era
• Ferdinand Hiller
  Ferdinand Hiller
  Ferdinand Hiller was a German composer, conductor, writer and music-director.-Biography:Ferdinand Hiller was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Frankfurt am Main, where his father Justus was a merchant in English textiles – a business eventually continued by Ferdinand’s brother Joseph...
  
   (1811–1885), German composer, conductor, writer and music-director, close friend of Felix Mendelssohn
  Felix Mendelssohn
  Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...
  
  
• Ambroise Thomas
  Ambroise Thomas
  Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas was a French composer, best known for his operas Mignon and Hamlet and as Director of the Conservatoire de Paris from 1871 till his death.-Biography:"There is good music, there is bad music, and then there is Ambroise Thomas."- Emmanuel Chabrier-Early life...
  
   (1811–1896), French composer, best known for the operas Mignon
  Mignon
  Mignon is an opéra comique in three acts by Ambroise Thomas. The original French libretto was by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré, based on Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre. The Italian version was translated by Giuseppe Zaffira. The opera is mentioned in James Joyce's The Dead,...
  
   and Hamlet
  Hamlet (opera)
  Hamlet is an opéra in five acts by the French composer Ambroise Thomas, with a libretto by Michel Carré and Jules Barbier based on a French adaptation by Alexandre Dumas, père and Paul Meurice of Shakespeare's play Hamlet.- Ophelia mania in Paris:...
  
  
• Sigismond Thalberg
  Sigismond Thalberg
  Sigismond Thalberg was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century.- Descent and family background :...
  
   (1812–1871), Swiss composer and one of the most distinguished pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  s of the Romantic era
• Louis Antoine Jullien
  Louis Antoine Jullien
  Louis Antoine Jullien was a French conductor and composer of light music.Jullien was born in Sisteron, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, and was baptised Louis George Maurice Adolphe Roche Albert Abel Antonio Alexandre Noë Jean Lucien Daniel Eugène Joseph-le-brun Joseph-Barême Thomas Thomas Thomas-Thomas...
  
   (1812–1860), French eccentric conductor and composer of light music, king of promenade concerts in England
• Friedrich von Flotow
  Friedrich von Flotow
  Friedrich Adolf Ferdinand, Freiherr von Flotow was a German composer. He is chiefly remembered for his opera Martha, which was popular in the 19th century....
  
   (1812–1883), German composer, chiefly remembered for his opera Martha
  Martha
  Martha of Bethany is a biblical figure described in the Gospels of Luke and John. Together with her siblings Lazarus and Mary, she is described as living in the village of Bethany near Jerusalem...
  
  
• Stephen Heller
  Stephen Heller
  ----Stephen Heller was a Hungarian composer and pianist whose career spanned the period from Schumann to Bizet, and was an influence for later Romantic composers.-Biography:...
  
   (1813–1888), Hungarian composer, highly effected the late-Romantic composers
• Alexandre Dubuque
  Alexandre Dubuque
  Alexandre Dubuque, also Alexander and Dubuc , was a 19th century Russian-resident expatriate French pianist, composer and teacher.He was a student of John Field and later gave piano lessons to Mily Balakirev and Nikolai Zverev....
  
   (1812–1898), Russian-resident French composer, known for teaching
• Charles-Valentin Alkan
  Charles-Valentin Alkan
  Charles-Valentin Alkan was a French composer and one of the greatest virtuoso pianists of his day. His attachment to his Jewish origins is displayed both in his life and his work. He entered the Paris Conservatoire at the age of six, earning many awards, and as an adult became a famous virtuoso...
  
   (1813–1888), French composer and virtuoso pianist
• Ernst Haberbier
  Ernst Haberbier
  Ernst Haberbier was a German composer, pianist and music teacher.-Biography:Ernst Haberbier was born in 1813 in Königsberg. He studied the piano with his father who was an organist. When he was nineteen he left Königsberg and moved to Saint Petersburg. There he became famous as a concert pianist...
  
   (1813–1869), German composer of brilliant piano music
• Giuseppe Verdi
  Giuseppe Verdi
  Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century...
  
   (1813–1901), major Italian opera composer, best known for Nabucco
  Nabucco
  Nabucco is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on the Biblical story and the 1836 play by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois and Francis Cornue...
  
  , Rigoletto
  Rigoletto
  Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. It was first performed at La Fenice in Venice on March 11, 1851...
  
  , La Traviata
  La traviata
  La traviata is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La dame aux Camélias , a play adapted from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, fils. The title La traviata means literally The Fallen Woman, or perhaps more figuratively, The Woman...
  
   and Aida
  Aida
  Aida sometimes spelled Aïda, is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni, based on a scenario written by French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette...
  
  

• Richard Wagner
  Richard Wagner
  Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, theatre director, philosopher, music theorist, poet, essayist and writer primarily known for his operas...
  
   (1813–1883), major German opera composer (Der Ring des Nibelungen
  Der Ring des Nibelungen
  Der Ring des Nibelungen is a cycle of four epic operas by the German composer Richard Wagner . The works are based loosely on characters from the Norse sagas and the Nibelungenlied...
  
  , Lohengrin
  Lohengrin (opera)
  Lohengrin is a romantic opera in three acts composed and written by Richard Wagner, first performed in 1850. The story of the eponymous character is taken from medieval German romance, notably the Parzival of Wolfram von Eschenbach and its sequel, Lohengrin, written by a different author, itself...
  
  , Tristan und Isolde
  Tristan und Isolde
  Tristan und Isolde is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the romance by Gottfried von Straßburg. It was composed between 1857 and 1859 and premiered in Munich on 10 June 1865 with Hans von Bülow conducting...
  
  , Parsifal
  Parsifal
  Parsifal is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner. It is loosely based on Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, the 13th century epic poem of the Arthurian knight Parzival and his quest for the Holy Grail, and on Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval, the Story of the Grail.Wagner first conceived the work...
  
   among others), also famous for the widely used Bridal Chorus
  Bridal Chorus
  The "Bridal Chorus" "Treulich geführt", from the 1850 opera Lohengrin, by German composer Richard Wagner, is a march played for the bride's entrance at many formal weddings throughout the Western world...
  
   in marriages.
• Giuseppe Lillo
  Giuseppe Lillo
  Giuseppe Lillo was an Italian composer. He is best known for his operas which followed in the same vein of Gioachino Rossini. He also produced works for solo piano, a small amount of sacred music, and some chamber music....
  
   (1814-1863), Italian composer, best known for his operas amongst which is worth noting Odda di Bernaver and Caterina Howard
• Adolf von Henselt
  Adolf von Henselt
  Adolf von Henselt was a German composer and pianist.-Life:Henselt was born at Schwabach, in Bavaria. At the age of three he began to learn the violin, and at five the piano under Frau von Fladt...
  
   (1814–1889), German composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Robert Volkmann
  Robert Volkmann
  Friedrich Robert Volkmann was a German composer.-Life:He was born in Lommatzsch, Saxony, Germany. His father was a music director for a church, so he trained his son in music to prepare him as a successor...
  
   (1815–1883), German composer, companion of Johannes Brahms
  Johannes Brahms
  Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...
  
  
• William Sterndale Bennett
  William Sterndale Bennett
  Sir William Sterndale Bennett was an English composer. He ranks as the most distinguished English composer of the Romantic school-Biography:...
  
   (1816–1875), English composer, conductor, and editor
• Émile Prudent
  Émile Prudent
  Émile Racine Gauthier Prudent was a French pianist and composer.Born at Angoulême, he never knew his parents and was adopted at an early age by a piano tuner, who gave him his first musical instruction. At ten, he entered the Paris Conservatoire, winning a first prize in piano in 1833, and a...
  
   (February 3, 1817 – May 14, 1863), French pianist and composer
• Károly Thern
  Károly Thern
  Károly Thern was a Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor and arranger. He was among the second generation of composers who developed the language of Hungarian art music....
  
   (1817–1886), Hungarian composer, conductor and teacher
• Niels Gade (1817–1890), Danish composer, violin
  Violin
  The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
  
  ist and organist
  Organist
  An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists...
  
  
• Charles Gounod
  Charles Gounod
  Charles-François Gounod was a French composer, known for his Ave Maria as well as his operas Faust and Roméo et Juliette.-Biography:...
  
   (1818–1893), French composer, best known for his operas Faust
  Faust (opera)
  Faust is a drame lyrique in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré from Carré's play Faust et Marguerite, in turn loosely based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust, Part 1...
  
   and Roméo et Juliette
  Roméo et Juliette
  Roméo et Juliette is an opéra in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré, based on The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was first performed at the Théâtre Lyrique , Paris on 27 April 1867...
  
  
• Jacques Offenbach
  Jacques Offenbach
  Jacques Offenbach was a Prussian-born French composer, cellist and impresario. He is remembered for his nearly 100 operettas of the 1850s–1870s and his uncompleted opera The Tales of Hoffmann. He was a powerful influence on later composers of the operetta genre, particularly Johann Strauss, Jr....
  
   (1819–1880), French opera
  Opera
  Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
  
   and operetta
  Operetta
  Operetta is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. It is also closely related, in English-language works, to forms of musical theatre.-Origins:...
  
   composer, known for The Tales of Hoffmann and Orpheus in the Underworld
  Orpheus in the Underworld
  Orphée aux enfers is an opéra bouffon , or opéra féerie in its revised version, by Jacques Offenbach. The French text was written by Ludovic Halévy and later revised by Hector-Jonathan Crémieux....
  
  
• Franz von Suppé
  Franz von Suppé
  Franz von Suppé or Francesco Suppé Demelli was an Austrian composer of light operas who was born in what is now Croatia during the time his father was working in this outpost of the Austro-Hungarian Empire...
  
   (1819–1895), Austrian composer and conductor notable for his operettas
• Clara Schumann
  Clara Schumann
  Clara Schumann was a German musician and composer, considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era...
  
   (1819–1896), German composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , wife of Robert Schumann
  Robert Schumann
  Robert Schumann, sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most representative composers of the Romantic era....
  
  , one of the leading pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  s of the Romantic era

Middle Romantic era composers (born 1820-1839)

• Henri Vieuxtemps
  Henri Vieuxtemps
  Henri François Joseph Vieuxtemps was a Belgian composer and violinist. He occupies an important place in the history of the violin as a prominent exponent of the Franco-Belgian violin school during the mid-19th century....
  
   (1820–1881), Belgian composer and violin
  Violin
  The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
  
  ist
• Giovanni Bottesini
  Giovanni Bottesini
  Giovanni Bottesini was an Italian Romantic composer, conductor, and a double bass virtuoso.-Biography:Born in Crema, Lombardy, he was taught the rudiments of music by his father, an accomplished clarinetist and composer, at a young age and had played timpani in Crema with the Teatro Sociale before...
  
   (1821–1889), Italian conductor, composer and double bass
  Double bass
  The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, standup bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2...
  
   virtuoso
• Emilie Hammarskjöld
  Emilie Hammarskjöld
  Emilie Augusta Kristina Hammarskjöld, née Holmberg, was a Swedish composer, singer, pianist, music teacher and organist. She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.-Background:...
  
   (1821–1854), Swedish composer, consert pianist and organist
• Joachim Raff
  Joachim Raff
  Joseph Joachim Raff was a German-Swiss composer, teacher and pianist.-Biography:Raff was born in Lachen in Switzerland. His father, a teacher, had fled there from Württemberg in 1810 to escape forced recruitment into the military of that southwestern German state that had to fight for Napoleon in...
  
   (1822–1882), Swiss-born German composer, best known for eleven symphonies, most of them program music
• César Franck
  César Franck
  César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck was a composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher who worked in Paris during his adult life....
  
   (1822–1890), Belgian-born French composer, noted for his Symphony
  Symphony in D minor (Franck)
  The Symphony in D minor is the most famous orchestral work and the only symphony written by the 19th-century Belgian composer César Franck. After two years of work, the symphony was completed 22 August 1888. It was premiered at the Paris Conservatory on 17 February 1889 under the direction of ...
  
  , also a significant composer for the organ
• Édouard Lalo
  Édouard Lalo
  Édouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo was a French composer.-Biography:Lalo was born in Lille , in northernmost France. He attended that city's music conservatory in his youth. Then, beginning at age 16, Lalo studied at the Paris Conservatoire under Berlioz's old enemy François Antoine Habeneck...
  
   (1823–1892), French composer remembered for his Symphonie Espagnole
  Symphonie Espagnole
  The Symphonie espagnole in D minor, Op. 21, is a work for violin and orchestra by Édouard Lalo.-History:The work was written in 1874 for violinist Pablo de Sarasate, and premiered in Paris in February 1875....
  
   for violin and orchestra and his Cello Concerto
  Cello Concerto (Lalo)
  Édouard Lalo wrote his Cello Concerto in D minor in 1876, in collaboration with Parisian cellist Adolphe Fischer. The work was premiered the following year at the Cirque d'Hiver with Fischer as soloist.-Form:The concerto is written in three movements:...
  
  
• Theodor Kirchner
  Theodor Kirchner
  Fürchtegott Theodor Kirchner was a significant German composer and pianist of the Romantic era.-Musical career:...
  
   (1823-1903), German composer and pianist, he wrote over 1000 piano pieces.
• Anton Bruckner
  Anton Bruckner
  Anton Bruckner was an Austrian composer known for his symphonies, masses, and motets. The first are considered emblematic of the final stage of Austro-German Romanticism because of their rich harmonic language, complex polyphony, and considerable length...
  
   (1824–1896), Austrian composer of nine large-scale symphonies (one incomplete) and two more unacknowledged
• Bedřich Smetana
  Bedrich Smetana
  Bedřich Smetana was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style which became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood. He is thus widely regarded in his homeland as the father of Czech music...
  
   (1824–1884), Czech nationalist composer, perhaps best known for his cycle of symphonic poems, Má vlast
  Má vlast
  Má vlast is a set of six symphonic poems composed between 1874 and 1879 by the Czech composer Bedřich Smetana. While it is often presented as a single work in six movements and – with the exception of Vltava– is almost always recorded that way, the six pieces were conceived as individual works...
  
   and his opera The Bartered Bride
  The Bartered Bride
  The Bartered Bride is a comic opera in three acts by the Czech composer Bedřich Smetana, to a libretto by Karel Sabina. The opera is considered to have made a major contribution towards the development of Czech music. It was composed during the period 1863–66, and first performed at the...
  
  
• Carl Reinecke
  Carl Reinecke
  Carl Heinrich Carsten Reinecke was a German composer, conductor, and pianist.-Biography:Reinecke was born in Altona, Hamburg, Germany; until 1864 the town was under Danish rule. He studied with his father, Johann Peter Rudolph Reinecke, a music teacher...
  
   (1824-1910), German composer, conductor and pianist, best known for his attachment to classical forms and conducted Gewandhausorchester for nearly 35 years
• Jean-Baptiste Arban
  Jean-Baptiste Arban
  Joseph Jean-Baptiste Laurent Arban was a cornetist, conductor, composer, pedagogue and the first famed virtuoso of the cornet à piston or valved cornet...
  
   (1825–1889), French virtuoso cornetist, wrote the "Grande méthode complète pour cornet à pistons et de saxhorn" now referred to as the "Trumpeter's Bible"
• Johann Strauss II
  Johann Strauss II
  Johann Strauss II , also known as Johann Baptist Strauss or Johann Strauss, Jr., the Younger, or the Son , was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas...
  
   (1825–1899), Austrian composer known as "The Waltz King", composed The Blue Danube
  The Blue Danube
  The Blue Danube is the common English title of An der schönen blauen Donau, Op. 314 , a waltz by the Austrian composer Johann Strauss II, composed in 1866...
  
   and opera Die Fledermaus
  Die Fledermaus
  Die Fledermaus is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée.- Literary sources :...
  
  , son of the composer Johann Strauss I
  Johann Strauss I
  Johann Strauss I , born in Vienna, was an Austrian Romantic composer famous for his waltzes, and for popularizing them alongside Joseph Lanner, thereby setting the foundations for his sons to carry on his musical dynasty...
  
   and elder brother of Josef Strauss
  Josef Strauss
  Josef Strauss was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, the son of Johann Strauss I and Maria Anna Streim, and brother of Johann Strauss II and Eduard Strauss. His father wanted him to choose a career in the Austrian Habsburg military...
  
   and Eduard Strauss
  Eduard Strauss
  Eduard Strauss was an Austrian composer who, together with brothers Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss made up the Strauss musical dynasty. The family dominated the Viennese light music world for decades, creating many waltzes and polkas for many Austrian nobility as well as dance-music...
  
  
• Ivar Christian Hallström
  Ivar Christian Hallström
  Ivar Christian Hallström, born Stockholm, 5 June 1826, died in that city on 11 April 1901 was a Swedish composer, particularly of opera.Although he learnt the piano, Hallström was self-taught as a composer. He studied law in Uppsala and in 1853 was appointed librarian to Prince Oscar which assisted...
  
   (1826–1901), Swedish opera composer
• Josef Strauss
  Josef Strauss
  Josef Strauss was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, the son of Johann Strauss I and Maria Anna Streim, and brother of Johann Strauss II and Eduard Strauss. His father wanted him to choose a career in the Austrian Habsburg military...
  
   (1827–1870), Austrian composer and younger brother of Johann Strauss II
  Johann Strauss II
  Johann Strauss II , also known as Johann Baptist Strauss or Johann Strauss, Jr., the Younger, or the Son , was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas...
  
  
• Adolphe Blanc
  Adolphe Blanc
  Adolphe Blanc was a French composer of chamber music. At the age of 13 he was sent to study violin at the Paris Conservatoire...
  
   (1828–1885), French composer of chamber music
• Anton Rubinstein
  Anton Rubinstein
  Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein was a Russian-Jewish pianist, composer and conductor. As a pianist he was regarded as a rival of Franz Liszt, and he ranks amongst the great keyboard virtuosos...
  
   (1829–1894), Russian conductor, composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Louis Moreau Gottschalk
  Louis Moreau Gottschalk
  Louis Moreau Gottschalk was an American composer and pianist, best known as a virtuoso performer of his own romantic piano works...
  
   (1829–1869), American composer famous for performing his own romantic piano works
• Karl Goldmark
  Karl Goldmark
  Karl Goldmark, also known originally as Károly Goldmark and later sometimes as Carl Goldmark; May 18, 1830, Keszthely – January 2, 1915, Vienna) was a Hungarian composer.- Life and career :...
  
   (1830–1915), Hungarian composer
• Hans Guido Freiherr von Bülow (1830–1894), German conductor, composer and virtuoso pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Jan Gerard Palm
  Jan Gerard Palm
  Jan Gerard Palm was a 19th century composer. Palm is often referred to as the "father of Curaçao's classical music".-Biography:...
  
   (1831–1906), Curaçao born composer, best known for his mazurkas, waltzes, danzas, tumbas, fantasies, and serenades.
• August Söderman
  August Söderman
  August Söderman has traditionally been seen as the pre-eminent Swedish composer of the Romantic generation, known especially for his lieder and choral works, based on folk material, and for his theatre music, such as the incidental music to Ludvig Josephson's Marsk Stigs döttrar , 1866, or...
  
   (1832–1876), Swedish composer, best known for his lieder and choral works
• Alexander Borodin
  Alexander Borodin
  Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin was a Russian Romantic composer and chemist of Georgian–Russian parentage. He was a member of the group of composers called The Five , who were dedicated to producing a specifically Russian kind of art music...
  
   (1833–1887), Russian chemist and nationalist composer, wrote the opera Prince Igor
  Prince Igor
  Prince Igor is an opera in four acts with a prologue. It was composed by Alexander Borodin. The composer adapted the libretto from the East Slavic epic The Lay of Igor's Host, which recounts the campaign of Russian prince Igor Svyatoslavich against the invading Polovtsian tribes in 1185...
  
  

• Johannes Brahms
  Johannes Brahms
  Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...
  
   (1833–1897), German composer, one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period, famous for his working under and of being compared to Beethoven, and his most influential works include the four symphonies, Violin Concerto (Brahms)
  Violin Concerto (Brahms)
  Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77 is a violin concerto in three movements composed by Johannes Brahms in 1878 and dedicated to his friend, the violinist Joseph Joachim...
  
  , two piano concertos, and Double Concerto in A minor for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1887)
  Double Concerto (Brahms)
  The Double Concerto in A minor, Op. 102, by Johannes Brahms is a concerto for violin, cello and orchestra.- Origin of the work :The Double Concerto was Brahms' final work for orchestra. It was composed in the summer of 1887, and first performed on 18 October of that year in the Gürzenich in Köln,...
  
  , aside from his other orchestral works, numerous chamber music and piano music pieces and lieder.
• Amilcare Ponchielli
  Amilcare Ponchielli
  Amilcare Ponchielli was an Italian composer, largely of operas.-Biography:Born in Paderno Fasolaro, now Paderno Ponchielli, near Cremona, Ponchielli won a scholarship at the age of nine to study music at the Milan Conservatory, writing his first symphony by the time he was ten years old.Two years...
  
   (1834–1886), Italian opera composer known for La Gioconda
  La Gioconda (opera)
  La Gioconda is an opera in four acts by Amilcare Ponchielli set to an Italian libretto by Arrigo Boito, based on Angelo, tyran de Padoue, a play in prose by Victor Hugo, dating from 1835...
  
  
• Julius Reubke
  Julius Reubke
  Julius Reubke was a German composer, pianist and organist. In his short life — he died at the age of 24 — he composed the Sonata on the 94th Psalm, in C minor, which was and still is considered one of the greatest organ works in the repertoire.-Biography:Born in Hausneindorf, a small...
  
   (1834–1858), German piano and organ composer, known for Sonata on the 94th Psalm
  Sonata on the 94th Psalm
  The Sonata on the 94th Psalm in C minor is a sonata for solo organ by Julius Reubke, based on the text of Psalm 94. It is considered one of the pinnacles of the Romantic repertoire.It is in three movements:*I. Grave - Larghetto - Allegro con fuoco - Grave...
  
  
• Camille Saint-Saëns
  Camille Saint-Saëns
  Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns was a French Late-Romantic composer, organist, conductor, and pianist. He is known especially for The Carnival of the Animals, Danse macabre, Samson and Delilah, Piano Concerto No. 2, Cello Concerto No. 1, Havanaise, Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, and his Symphony...
  
   (1835–1921), French music critic, composer, pianist and an exceptional organist, renowned for his Organ Symphony
  Organ Symphony
  This page lists the best known Symphonies for solo Organ and Symphonies for Orchestra and Organ. Organ concertos are not listed here.- Edward Shippen Barnes :...
  
  , numerous concert pieces, pieces of chamber music, mélodie
  Mélodie
  Mélodie refers to French art songs of the mid-19th century to the present; it is the French equivalent of the German Lied. It is distinguished from a chanson, which is a folk or popular song.-Nature of the mélodie:...
  
  s, Danse Macabre
  Danse Macabre
  Dance of Death, also variously called Danse Macabre , Danza de la Muerte , Dansa de la Mort , Danza Macabra , Dança da Morte , Totentanz , Dodendans , is an artistic genre of late-medieval allegory on the universality of death: no matter one's...
  
   and The Carnival of the Animals
  The Carnival of the Animals
  Le carnaval des animaux is a musical suite of fourteen movements by the French Romantic composer Camille Saint-Saëns. The orchestral work has a duration between 22 and 30 minutes.-History:...
  
  
• Henryk Wieniawski
  Henryk Wieniawski
  Henryk Wieniawski was a Polish violinist and composer.-Biography:Henryk Wieniawski was born in Lublin, Congress Poland, Russian Empire. His father, Tobiasz Pietruszka, had converted to Catholicism. His talent for playing the violin was recognized early, and in 1843 he entered the Paris...
  
   (1835–1880), Polish composer and violinist, famous for two concertos and character pieces of exceptional difficulty
• Eduard Strauss
  Eduard Strauss
  Eduard Strauss was an Austrian composer who, together with brothers Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss made up the Strauss musical dynasty. The family dominated the Viennese light music world for decades, creating many waltzes and polkas for many Austrian nobility as well as dance-music...
  
   (1835–1916), Austrian composer and younger brother of Johann Strauss II
  Johann Strauss II
  Johann Strauss II , also known as Johann Baptist Strauss or Johann Strauss, Jr., the Younger, or the Son , was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas...
  
   and Josef Strauss
  Josef Strauss
  Josef Strauss was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, the son of Johann Strauss I and Maria Anna Streim, and brother of Johann Strauss II and Eduard Strauss. His father wanted him to choose a career in the Austrian Habsburg military...
  
  
• César Antonovich Cui (1835–1918), Russian army officer, music critic, composer in Russian Five
  The Five
  The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful or The Mighty Coterie , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev , César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin...
  
  
• Friedrich Baumfelder
  Friedrich Baumfelder
  Friedrich August Wilhelm Baumfelder was a German composer of classical music, conductor, and pianist. He started in the Leipzig Conservatory, and went on to become a well-known composer of his time. His many works were mostly solo salon music, but also included symphonies, piano concertos, operas,...
  
   (1836–1916), German piano, choral, and orchestra composer, in his day known for his 'Tirocinium musicae' and today known for his 'Melody in F major'
• Léo Delibes
  Léo Delibes
  Clément Philibert Léo Delibes was a French composer of ballets, operas, and other works for the stage...
  
   (1836–1891), one of the first significant ballet composers since the Baroque music
  Baroque music
  Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1760. This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era...
  
  , known for Coppélia
  Coppélia
  Coppélia is a sentimental comic ballet with original choreography by Arthur Saint-Léon to a ballet libretto by Saint-Léon and Charles Nuitter and music by Léo Delibes. It was based upon two macabre stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann, Der Sandmann , and Die Puppe...
  
  , Sylvia
  Sylvia (ballet)
  Sylvia, originally Sylvia, ou La nymphe de Diane, is a full-length ballet in two or three acts, first choreographed by Louis Mérante to music by Léo Delibes in 1876. Sylvia is a typical classical ballet in many respects, yet it has many interesting features which make it unique...
  
  , and Lakmé
  Lakmé
  Lakmé is an opera in three acts by Léo Delibes to a French libretto by Edmond Gondinet and Philippe Gille. Delibes wrote the score during 1881–82 with its first performance on 14 April 1883 at the Opéra Comique in Paris. Set in British India in the mid 19th century, Lakmé is based on the 1880 novel...
  
  
• Bertha Tammelin
  Bertha Tammelin
  Bertha Carolina Mathilda Tammelin, née Bock was a Swedish actress, operatic mezzo soprano, pianist, composer and drama teacher.Bertha Tammelin was born to Karolina Bock and the musician of Kungliga Hovkapellet, C. Bock...
  
   (1836–1915), Swedish composer, consert pianist and opera singer
• Julius Weissenborn
  Julius Weissenborn
  Christian Julius Weissenborn was a bassoonist, teacher and composer. He was principal bassoonist of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra from 1857 - 1887. He taught at the Leipzig Conservatory beginning in 1882...
  
   (1837–1888), German bassoonist, composer and music teacher, famous for his Practical Bassoon School
• Émile Waldteufel
  Émile Waldteufel
  Émile Waldteufel was a French composer of dance music.-Life:Émile Waldteufel was born in Strasbourg to a Jewish Alsatian family of musicians....
  
   (1837–1915), French composer of light music
• Mily Balakirev
  Mily Balakirev
  Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev ,Russia was still using old style dates in the 19th century, and information sources used in the article sometimes report dates as old style rather than new style. Dates in the article are taken verbatim from the source and therefore are in the same style as the source...
  
   (1837–1910), Russian nationalist composer and leader of the Russian Five
  The Five
  The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful or The Mighty Coterie , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev , César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin...
  
  
• Georges Bizet
  Georges Bizet
  Georges Bizet formally Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer, mainly of operas. In a career cut short by his early death, he achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, became one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertory.During a...
  
   (1838–1875), French composer of the opera Carmen
  Carmen
  Carmen is a French opéra comique by Georges Bizet. The libretto is by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée, first published in 1845, itself possibly influenced by the narrative poem The Gypsies by Alexander Pushkin...
  
  
• Max Bruch
  Max Bruch
  Max Christian Friedrich Bruch , also known as Max Karl August Bruch, was a German Romantic composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertoire.-Life:Bruch was born in Cologne, Rhine Province, where he...
  
   (1838–1920), German composer, known for his Violin Concerto No. 1
  Violin Concerto No. 1 (Bruch)
  Max Bruch's Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 26, is one of the most popular violin concertos in the repertoire. It continues to be performed and recorded by many violinists and is arguably Bruch's most famous composition.- History :...
  
  , Scottish Fantasy
  Scottish Fantasy
  The Scottish Fantasy in E-flat major, Op. 46, is a composition for violin and orchestra by Max Bruch. Completed in 1880, it was dedicated to the virtuoso violinist Pablo de Sarasate.It is a four movement fantasy on Scottish folk melodies...
  
  , and Kol Nidrei for cello and orchestra
• Modest Mussorgsky
  Modest Mussorgsky
  Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky was a Russian composer, one of the group known as 'The Five'. He was an innovator of Russian music in the romantic period...
  
   (1839–1881), Russian nationalist composer known for his intensely nationalist works including his opera Boris Godunov
  Boris Godunov (opera)
  Boris Godunov is an opera by Modest Mussorgsky . The work was composed between 1868 and 1873 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is Mussorgsky's only completed opera and is considered his masterpiece. Its subjects are the Russian ruler Boris Godunov, who reigned as Tsar during the Time of Troubles,...
  
  , and Pictures at an Exhibition
  Pictures at an Exhibition
  Pictures at an Exhibition is a suite in ten movements composed for piano by Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky in 1874.The suite is Mussorgsky's most famous piano composition, and has become a showpiece for virtuoso pianists...
  
  , part of Russian Five
  The Five
  The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful or The Mighty Coterie , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev , César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin...
  
  
• John Knowles Paine
  John Knowles Paine
  John Knowles Paine , was the first American-born composer to achieve fame for large-scale orchestral music.-Life:He studied organ, orchestration, and composition in Germany and toured in Europe for three years...
  
   (1839–1906), first native-born American composer to acquire fame for his large-scale orchestral music

Late Romantic era composers (born 1840-1859)

• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский ; often "Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky" in English. His names are also transliterated "Piotr" or "Petr"; "Ilitsch", "Il'ich" or "Illyich"; and "Tschaikowski", "Tschaikowsky", "Chajkovskij"...
  
   (1840–1893), Russian composer, known for his ballets (The Nutcracker
  The Nutcracker
  The Nutcracker is a two-act ballet, originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The libretto is adapted from E.T.A. Hoffmann's story "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King". It was given its première at the Mariinsky Theatre in St...
  
  , Swan Lake
  Swan Lake
  Swan Lake ballet, op. 20, by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, composed 1875–1876. The scenario, initially in four acts, was fashioned from Russian folk tales and tells the story of Odette, a princess turned into a swan by an evil sorcerer's curse. The choreographer of the original production was Julius Reisinger...
  
  ), his operas (Eugene Onegin
  Eugene Onegin (opera)
  Eugene Onegin, Op. 24, is an opera in 3 acts , by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The libretto was written by Konstantin Shilovsky and the composer and his brother Modest, and is based on the novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin....
  
  ), the 1812 Overture
  1812 Overture
  The Year 1812, Festival Overture in E flat major, Op. 49, popularly known as the 1812 Overture or the Overture of 1812 is an overture written by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1880 to commemorate Russia's defense of Moscow against Napoleon's advancing Grande Armée at the Battle of...
  
  , his First Piano Concerto
  Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)
  The Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor, Op. 23 was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky between November 1874 and February 1875. It was revised in the summer of 1879 and again in December 1888. The first version received heavy criticism from Nikolai Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky's desired pianist....
  
  , his Violin Concerto
  Violin Concerto (Tchaikovsky)
  The Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35, written by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1878, is one of the best known of all violin concertos. It is also considered to be among the most technically difficult works for violin.-Instrumentation:...
  
   and his symphonies
• Johan Svendsen
  Johan Svendsen
  Johan Severin Svendsen was a Norwegian composer, conductor and violinist. Born in Christiania , Norway, he lived most his life in Copenhagen, Denmark....
  
   (1840–1911), Norwegian composer, conductor and violinist
• Emmanuel Chabrier
  Emmanuel Chabrier
  Emmanuel Chabrier was a French Romantic composer and pianist. Although known primarily for two of his orchestral works, España and Joyeuse marche, he left an important corpus of operas , songs, and piano music as well...
  
   (1841–1894), French composer who influenced Maurice Ravel
  Maurice Ravel
  Joseph-Maurice Ravel was a French composer known especially for his melodies, orchestral and instrumental textures and effects...
  
  , Les Six
  Les Six
  Les six is a name, inspired by The Five, given in 1920 by critic Henri Collet in an article titled "" to a group of six composers working in Montparnasse whose music is often seen as a reaction against the musical style of Richard Wagner and impressionist music.-Members:Formally, the Groupe des...
  
  , Jean Françaix
  Jean Françaix
  Jean René Désiré Françaix was a French neoclassical composer, pianist, and orchestrator, known for his prolific output and vibrant style.-Life:...
  
   and many other French composers, known for the opera L'étoile
• Antonín Dvořák
  Antonín Dvorák
  Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a Czech composer of late Romantic music, who employed the idioms of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. Dvořák’s own style is sometimes called "romantic-classicist synthesis". His works include symphonic, choral and chamber music, concerti, operas and many...
  
   (1841–1904), Czech composer, known for the "New World" Symphony
  Symphony No. 9 (Dvorák)
  The Symphony No. 9 in E Minor "From the New World", Op. 95, B. 178 , popularly known as the New World Symphony, was composed by Antonín Dvořák in 1893 during his visit to the United States from 1892 to 1895. It is by far his most popular symphony, and one of the most popular in the modern repertoire...
  
  
• Arrigo Boito
  Arrigo Boito
  Arrigo Boito , aka Enrico Giuseppe Giovanni Boito, pseudonym Tobia Gorrio, was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist and composer, best known today for his libretti, especially those for Giuseppe Verdi's operas Otello and Falstaff, and his own opera Mefistofele...
  
   (1842–1918), Italian composer and librettist, known as a composer for his opera Mefistofele
  Mefistofele
  Mefistofele is an opera in a prologue, four acts and an epilogue, the only completed opera by the Italian composer-librettist Arrigo Boito.-Composition history:...
  
  
• Jules Massenet
  Jules Massenet
  Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet was a French composer best known for his operas. His compositions were very popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and he ranks as one of the greatest melodists of his era. Soon after his death, Massenet's style went out of fashion, and many of his operas...
  
   (1842–1912), French composer best known for his operas Manon
  Manon
  Manon is an opéra comique in five acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Henri Meilhac and Philippe Gille, based on the 1731 novel L’histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut by the Abbé Prévost...
  
   and Werther
  Werther
  Werther is an opera in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Édouard Blau, Paul Milliet and Georges Hartmann based on the German epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe....
  
   and the Méditation for violin from the opera Thaïs
  Thaïs (opera)
  Thaïs is an opera in three acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Louis Gallet based on the novel Thaïs by Anatole France. It was first performed at the Opéra Garnier in Paris on 16 March 1894, starring the American soprano Sybil Sanderson, for whom Massenet had written the title role...
  
  
• Arthur Sullivan
  Arthur Sullivan
  Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO was an English composer of Irish and Italian ancestry. He is best known for his series of 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including such enduring works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado...
  
   (1842–1900), English composer known for his operetta
  Operetta
  Operetta is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. It is also closely related, in English-language works, to forms of musical theatre.-Origins:...
  
  s in collaboration with W. S. Gilbert
  W. S. Gilbert
  Sir William Schwenck Gilbert was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator best known for his fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, of which the most famous include H.M.S...
  
  
• Émile Bernard
  Émile Bernard (composer)
  Jean Émile Auguste Bernard was a French Romantic composer and organist. Bernard studied at the Paris Conservatoire; his organ teacher was François Benoist and his piano teacher was Antoine François Marmontel...
  
   (1843–1902), French composer and organist known for his Divertissement for Doubled Wind Quintet
• Edvard Grieg
  Edvard Grieg
  Edvard Hagerup Grieg was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, for his incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt , and for his collection of piano miniatures Lyric Pieces.-Biography:Edvard Hagerup Grieg was born in...
  
   (1843–1907), Norwegian composer known for his Piano Concerto
  Piano Concerto (Grieg)
  The Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 16, composed by Edvard Grieg in 1868, was the only concerto Grieg completed. It is one of his most popular works and among the most popular of all piano concerti.-Structure :The concerto is in three movements:...
  
  , Lyric Pieces
  Lyric Pieces
  Lyric Pieces is a collection of 66 short pieces for solo piano written by Edvard Grieg. They were published in 10 volumes, from 1867 to 1901...
  
   for the piano, and incidental music to Peer Gynt
  Peer Gynt
  Peer Gynt is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen, loosely based on the fairy tale Per Gynt. It is the most widely performed Norwegian play. According to Klaus Van Den Berg, the "cinematic script blends poetry with social satire and realistic scenes with surreal ones"...
  
  
• Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
  Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
  Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five.The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful or The Mighty Coterie, refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev , César...
  
   (1844–1908), Russian composer and member of The Five
  The Five
  The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful or The Mighty Coterie , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev , César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin...
  
  , best known for Flight of the Bumblebee
  Flight of the Bumblebee
  "Flight of the Bumblebee" is an orchestral interlude written by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov for his opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan, composed in 1899–1900. The piece closes Act III, Tableau 1, during which the magic Swan-Bird changes Prince Gvidon Saltanovich into an insect so that he can fly away to...
  
   from The Tale of Tsar Saltan
  The Tale of Tsar Saltan (Rimsky-Korsakov)
  The Tale of Tsar Saltan is an opera in four acts with a prologue, seven scenes, by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The libretto was written by Vladimir Belsky, and is based on the poem of the same name by Aleksandr Pushkin...
  
  , Scheherazade
  Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)
  Sheherazade , Op. 35, is a symphonic suite composed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1888. Based on One Thousand and One Nights, sometimes known as The Arabian Nights, this orchestral work combines two features common to Russian music and of Rimsky-Korsakov in particular: dazzling, colourful...
  
  , and the Capriccio Espagnol
  Capriccio espagnol
  Capriccio espagnol, Op. 34, is the common Western title for an orchestral work based on Spanish folk melodies and written by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1887. Rimsky-Korsakov originally intended to write the work for a solo violin with orchestra, but later decided that a purely orchestral work...
  
  
• Pablo de Sarasate
  Pablo de Sarasate
  Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués was a Navarrese Spanish violinist and composer of the Romantic period.-Career:Pablo Sarasate was born in Pamplona, Navarre, the son of an artillery bandmaster...
  
   (1844–1908), Spanish virtuoso violinist and composer
• Charles-Marie Widor
  Charles-Marie Widor
  Charles-Marie Jean Albert Widor was a French organist, composer and teacher.-Life:Widor was born in Lyon, to a family of organ builders, and initially studied music there with his father, François-Charles Widor, titular organist of Saint-François-de-Sales from 1838 to 1889...
  
   (1844–1937), French composer, known for his works for the organ
  Organ (music)
  The organ , is a keyboard instrument of one or more divisions, each played with its own keyboard operated either with the hands or with the feet. The organ is a relatively old musical instrument in the Western musical tradition, dating from the time of Ctesibius of Alexandria who is credited with...
  
  
• Gabriel Fauré
  Gabriel Fauré
  Gabriel Urbain Fauré was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher. He was one of the foremost French composers of his generation, and his musical style influenced many 20th century composers...
  
   (1845–1924), French composer, known for his chamber music
  Chamber music
  Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part...
  
   and a requiem
  Requiem
  A Requiem or Requiem Mass, also known as Mass for the dead or Mass of the dead , is a Mass celebrated for the repose of the soul or souls of one or more deceased persons, using a particular form of the Roman Missal...
  
   among other pieces
• Ignaz Brüll
  Ignaz Brüll
  Ignaz Brüll was an Austrian pianist and composer.Ignaz Brüll was born the eldest son of a prosperous Jewish merchant family in the Moravian provincial town of Prostějov . In 1850 he moved with his parents to Vienna, which became the centre of his life and work...
  
   (1846–1907), Austrian composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Robert Fuchs
  Robert Fuchs
  Robert Fuchs was an Austrian composer and music teacher.As Professor of music theory at the Vienna Conservatory, Fuchs taught many notable composers, while he was himself a highly regarded composer in his lifetime....
  
   (1847–1927), Austrian composer and music teacher
• Ludwig Philipp Scharwenka (1847–1917), German-Polish composer and music teacher, brother of Xaver Scharwenka
  Xaver Scharwenka
  Franz Xaver Scharwenka was a German pianist, composer and teacher. He was the brother of Philipp Scharwenka , who was also a composer and teacher of music.- Life and career :...
  
  
• Henri Duparc (1848–1933), French composer, noted for seventeen mélodies
• Hubert Parry
  Hubert Parry
  Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet was an English composer, teacher and historian of music.Parry's first major works appeared in 1880. As a composer he is best known for the choral song "Jerusalem", the coronation anthem "I was glad" and the hymn tune "Repton", which sets the words...
  
   (1848–1918), English composer, wrote choral song Jerusalem
  And did those feet in ancient time
  "And did those feet in ancient time" is a short poem by William Blake from the preface to his epic Milton a Poem, one of a collection of writings known as the Prophetic Books. The date on the title page of 1804 for Milton is probably when the plates were begun, but the poem was printed c. 1808...
  
  
• Ernesto Köhler
  Ernesto Köhler
  Ernesto Köhler was a flautist and composer. He was taught the flute by his father, Venceslau Joseph Köhler, who was the first flute of the Duke of Modena's orchestra....
  
   (1849–1907), Italian flautist and composer, known by flautists for his instructional work Progress in Flute Playing
• Franz Xaver Scharwenka (1850–1924), Polish-German composer, pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
   and music teacher, brother of Philipp Scharwenka
  Philipp Scharwenka
  Ludwig Philipp Scharwenka was a German composer and teacher of music. He was the older brother of Xaver Scharwenka.- Early training :...
  
  
• Vincent d'Indy
  Vincent d'Indy
  Vincent d'Indy was a French composer and teacher.-Life:Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy was born in Paris into an aristocratic family of royalist and Catholic persuasion. He had piano lessons from an early age from his paternal grandmother, who passed him on to Antoine François Marmontel and...
  
   (1851–1931), French composer, teacher of Erik Satie
  Erik Satie
  Éric Alfred Leslie Satie was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th century Parisian avant-garde...
  
   and Darius Milhaud
  Darius Milhaud
  Darius Milhaud was a French composer and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and make use of polytonality...
  
   among others
• Francisco Tárrega
  Francisco Tárrega
  Francisco de Asís Tárrega y Eixea was an influential Spanish composer and guitarist of the Romantic period.-Biography:Tárrega was born on 21 November 1852, in Vila-real, Castelló, Spain...
  
   (1852–1909) Spanish composer and virtuoso classical guitarist
  Guitarist
  A guitarist is a musician who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar while singing.- Versatility :The guitarist controls an extremely...
  
  , known as the 'Father of modern classical guitar playing'
• Hans Huber
  Hans Huber (composer)
  Hans Huber was a composer from Switzerland.He was born in Eppenberg-Wöschnau . The son of an amateur musician, Huber became a chorister and showed an early talent for the piano. In 1870 he entered Leipzig Conservatory...
  
   (1852–1921), Swiss composer
• Ciprian Porumbescu
  Ciprian Porumbescu
  Ciprian Porumbescu was a Romanian composer born in Şipotele Sucevei in Bukovina . He was among the most celebrated Romanian composers of his time; his popular works include Crai nou, Trei culori, Song for the 1st of May, Ballad for violin and piano, and Serenada...
  
   (1853–1883), Romanian composer
• Engelbert Humperdinck
  Engelbert Humperdinck
  Engelbert Humperdinck was a German composer, best known for his opera, Hänsel und Gretel. Humperdinck was born at Siegburg in the Rhine Province; at the age of 67 he died in Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.-Life:After receiving piano lessons, Humperdinck produced his first composition...
  
   (1854–1921), German opera
  Opera
  Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
  
   composer influenced by Richard Wagner
  Richard Wagner
  Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, theatre director, philosopher, music theorist, poet, essayist and writer primarily known for his operas...
  
  , famous for Hänsel und Gretel
• Leoš Janáček
  Leoš Janácek
  Leoš Janáček was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and all Slavic folk music to create an original, modern musical style. Until 1895 he devoted himself mainly to folkloristic research and his early musical output was influenced by...
  
   (1854–1928), Czech composer, known for his operas Káťa Kabanová
  Káta Kabanová
  Káťa Kabanová is an opera in three acts, with music by Leoš Janáček to a libretto by Vincenc Červinka, based on The Storm, a play by Alexander Ostrovsky. The opera was also largely inspired by Janáček's love for Kamila Stösslová...
  
   and Jenůfa
  Jenufa
  Jenůfa is an opera in three acts by Leoš Janáček to a Czech libretto by the composer, based on the play Její pastorkyňa by Gabriela Preissová. It was first performed at the Brno Theater, Brno, 21 January 1904...
  
   and orchestral pieces Sinfonietta
  Sinfonietta (Janácek)
  The Sinfonietta is a very expressive and festive, late work for large orchestra by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček...
  
   and Taras Bulba
  Taras Bulba (rhapsody)
  Taras Bulba is a rhapsody for orchestra by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček. It was composed in 1918 and belongs to the most powerful of Janáček's scores. It is based on the novel by Gogol....
  
  
• Alfredo Catalani
  Alfredo Catalani
  Alfredo Catalani was an Italian operatic composer. He is best remembered for his operas Loreley and La Wally...
  
   (1854–1893), Italian composer, known for the operas Loreley
  Loreley (opera)
  Loreley is a three-act azione romantica opera by Alfredo Catalani, composed to a libretto by Angelo Zanardini, Giuseppe Depanis, Carlo D'Ormeville and others....
  
   and La Wally
  La Wally
  La Wally is a four-act opera by Alfredo Catalani, composed on a libretto by Luigi Illica, and first performed at La Scala, Milan on 20 January 1892....
  
  
• Moritz Moszkowski
  Moritz Moszkowski
  Moritz Moszkowski was a German Jewish composer, pianist, and teacher of Polish descent. Ignacy Paderewski said, "After Chopin, Moszkowski best understands how to write for the piano"...
  
   (1854–1925), German Jewish composer-pianist who wrote prolifically for the piano, also composed a piano concerto and a violin concerto
• John Philip Sousa
  John Philip Sousa
  John Philip Sousa was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches. Because of his mastery of march composition, he is known as "The March King" or the "American March King" due to his British counterpart Kenneth J....
  
   (1854–1932), American composer, "The March King"
• Ernest Chausson
  Ernest Chausson
  Amédée-Ernest Chausson was a French romantic composer who died just as his career was beginning to flourish.-Life:Ernest Chausson was born in Paris into a prosperous bourgeois family...
  
   (1855–1899), French composer influenced by Franck and Wagner, seen as a bridge from them to Claude Debussy
  Claude Debussy
  Claude-Achille Debussy was a French composer. Along with Maurice Ravel, he was one of the most prominent figures working within the field of impressionist music, though he himself intensely disliked the term when applied to his compositions...
  
  
• Julius Röntgen
  Julius Röntgen
  Julius Engelbert Röntgen was a German-Dutch composer of classical music.-Life:Julius Röntgen was born in Leipzig, Germany, to a family of musicians. His father, Engelbert Röntgen, was first violinist in the Gewandhaus orchestra in Leipzig; his mother, Pauline Klengel, was a pianist, the aunt of...
  
   (1855–1932), German-Dutch composer influenced by Brahms, close friend to Grieg
• Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev (1856–1915), Russian composer, pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
   and music teacher
• Edward Elgar
  Edward Elgar
  Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet OM, GCVO was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire. Among his best-known compositions are orchestral works including the Enigma Variations, the Pomp and Circumstance Marches, concertos...
  
   (1857–1934), English composer, wrote oratorio
  Oratorio
  An oratorio is a large musical composition including an orchestra, a choir, and soloists. Like an opera, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias...
  
  s, chamber music
  Chamber music
  Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part...
  
  , concerti and symphonies, most famous for his Enigma Variations
  Enigma Variations
  Variations on an Original Theme for orchestra , Op. 36, commonly referred to as the Enigma Variations, is a set of a theme and its fourteen variations written for orchestra by Edward Elgar in 1898–1899. It is Elgar's best-known large-scale composition, for both the music itself and the...
  
   and Pomp and Circumstance Marches
  Pomp and Circumstance Marches
  The "Pomp and Circumstance Marches" , Op. 39 are a series of marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar....
  
  
• Cécile Chaminade
  Cécile Chaminade
  Cécile Louise Stéphanie Chaminade was a French composer and pianist.-Biography:Born in Paris, she studied at first with her mother, then with Félix Le Couppey, Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard, Martin Pierre Marsick and Benjamin Godard, but not officially, since her father disapproved of her musical...
  
   (1857–1944), French composer and pianist
• Ruggero Leoncavallo
  Ruggero Leoncavallo
  Ruggero Leoncavallo was an Italian opera composer. His two-act work Pagliacci remains one of the most popular works in the repertory, appearing as number 20 on the Operabase list of the most-performed operas worldwide.-Biography:...
  
   (1858–1919), Italian opera composer known almost exclusively for Pagliacci
  Pagliacci
  Pagliacci , sometimes incorrectly rendered with a definite article as I Pagliacci, is an opera consisting of a prologue and two acts written and composed by Ruggero Leoncavallo. It recounts the tragedy of a jealous husband in a commedia dell'arte troupe...
  
  
• Giacomo Puccini
  Giacomo Puccini
  Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire...
  
   (1858–1924), Italian opera composer known forLa bohème
  La bohème
  La bohème is an opera in four acts,Puccini called the divisions quadro, a tableau or "image", rather than atto . by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on Scènes de la vie de bohème by Henri Murger...
  
  , Tosca
  Tosca
  Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900...
  
  , and Madama Butterfly
  Madama Butterfly
  Madama Butterfly is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. Puccini based his opera in part on the short story "Madame Butterfly" by John Luther Long, which was dramatized by David Belasco...
  
  
• Sergei Lyapunov
  Sergei Lyapunov
  Sergei Mikhailovich Lyapunov was a Russian composer and pianist.-Life:Lyapunov was born in Yaroslavl in 1859. After the death of his father, Mikhail Lyapunov, when he was about eight, Sergei, his mother, and his two brothers went to live in the larger town of Nizhny Novgorod...
  
   (1859–1924), Russian composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  

Romantic era/20th century transition composers (born 1860-1880)

• Isaac Albéniz
  Isaac Albéniz
  Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz y Pascual was a Spanish Catalan pianist and composer best known for his piano works based on folk music idioms .-Life:Born in Camprodon, province of Girona, to Ángel Albéniz and his wife Dolors Pascual, Albéniz...
  
   (1860–1909), Spanish composer, known for nationalist piano
  Piano
  The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...
  
   works such as Iberia
  Iberia (Albéniz)
  Iberia is a suite for piano composed between 1905 and 1909 by the Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz. It comprises four books of three pieces each; a complete performance lasts about an hour and a half....
  
   and a 'set of 12 piano pieces'
• Gustave Charpentier
  Gustave Charpentier
  Gustave Charpentier, , born in Dieuze, Moselle on 25 June 1860, died Paris, 18 February 1956) was a French composer, best known for his opera Louise.-Life and career:...
  
   (1860–1956), French composer best known for his opera Louise
  Louise (opera)
  Louise is an opera in four acts by Gustave Charpentier to an original French libretto by the composer, with some contributions by Saint-Pol-Roux, a symbolist poet and inspiration of the surrealists....
  
  

• Gustav Mahler
  Gustav Mahler
  Gustav Mahler was a late-Romantic Austrian composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation. He was born in the village of Kalischt, Bohemia, in what was then Austria-Hungary, now Kaliště in the Czech Republic...
  
   (1860–1911), Austrian composer, one of the most important late-Romantic/early-Modernist composers, his works include nine innovative large-scale and sometimes programmatic symphonies, and many lieder
• Edward MacDowell
  Edward MacDowell
  Edward Alexander MacDowell was an American composer and pianist of the Romantic period. He was best known for his second piano concerto and his piano suites "Woodland Sketches", "Sea Pieces", and "New England Idylls". "Woodland Sketches" includes his most popular short piece, "To a Wild Rose"...
  
   (1860–1908), American composer best known for his piano concerto
  Piano concerto
  A piano concerto is a concerto written for piano and orchestra.See also harpsichord concerto; some of these works are occasionally played on piano...
  
  s and piano suites, his works include his most popular short piece, "To a Wild Rose"
• Hugo Wolf
  Hugo Wolf
  Hugo Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovene origin, particularly noted for his art songs, or lieder. He brought to this form a concentrated expressive intensity which was unique in late Romantic music, somewhat related to that of the Second Viennese School in concision but utterly unrelated in...
  
   (1860–1903), Austrian composer of lied
  Lied
  is a German word literally meaning "song", usually used to describe romantic songs setting German poems of reasonably high literary aspirations, especially during the nineteenth century, beginning with Carl Loewe, Heinrich Marschner, and Franz Schubert and culminating with Hugo Wolf...
  
  er, influenced by Richard Wagner
  Richard Wagner
  Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, theatre director, philosopher, music theorist, poet, essayist and writer primarily known for his operas...
  
  
• Anton Arensky
  Anton Arensky
  Anton Stepanovich Arensky -Biography:Arensky was born in Novgorod, Russia. He was musically precocious and had composed a number of songs and piano pieces by the age of nine...
  
   (1861–1906), Russian composer, pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
   and music teacher
• Claude Debussy
  Claude Debussy
  Claude-Achille Debussy was a French composer. Along with Maurice Ravel, he was one of the most prominent figures working within the field of impressionist music, though he himself intensely disliked the term when applied to his compositions...
  
   (1862–1918), French composer, one of the most prominent figures working within the field of Impressionist music
  Impressionist music
  Impressionism in music was a tendency in European classical music, mainly in France, which appeared in the late nineteenth century and continued into the middle of the twentieth century. Similarly to its precursor in the visual arts, musical impressionism focuses on a suggestion and an atmosphere...
  
  , known for his compositions Clair de Lune (from Suite bergamasque
  Suite bergamasque
  The Suite bergamasque is one of the most famous piano suites by Claude Debussy. Debussy commenced the suite in 1890 at age 28, but he did not finish or publish it until 1905.-History:...
  
  ), Deux Arabesques
  Arabesques (Debussy)
  The Two Arabesques , L. 66, is a pair of arabesques composed by Claude Debussy. They are two of Debussy's earliest works, composed between the years 1888 and 1891, when he was still in his twenties....
  
  , and many others
• Frederick Delius
  Frederick Delius
  Frederick Theodore Albert Delius, CH was an English composer. Born in the north of England to a prosperous mercantile family of German extraction, he resisted attempts to recruit him to commerce...
  
   (1862–1934), English composer, used chromaticism
  Chromaticism
  Chromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale. Chromaticism is in contrast or addition to tonality or diatonicism...
  
   in many of his compositions
• Gabriel Pierné
  Gabriel Pierné
  Henri Constant Gabriel Pierné was a French composer, conductor, and organist.-Biography:Gabriel Pierné was born in Metz in 1863. His family moved to Paris to escape the Franco-Prussian War. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, gaining first prizes for solfège, piano, organ, counterpoint and fugue...
  
   (1863–1937), French composer, conductor, and organist
• Pietro Mascagni
  Pietro Mascagni
  Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni was an Italian composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece Cavalleria rusticana caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the Verismo movement in Italian dramatic music...
  
   (1863–1945), Italian opera composer, known for Cavalleria rusticana
  Cavalleria rusticana
  Cavalleria rusticana is an opera in one act by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, adapted from a play written by Giovanni Verga based on his short story. Considered one of the classic verismo operas, it premiered on May 17, 1890 at the Teatro...
  
  
• Ricardo Castro
  Ricardo Castro
  Ricardo Castro Herrera was a Mexican concert pianist and composer, considered the last romantic of the time of Porfirio Díaz.- Life :Castro's father, Vicente Castro, was a deputy congressman; his mother was María de Jesús Herrera...
  
   (1864–1907), Mexican composer, works include piano music

• Richard Strauss
  Richard Strauss
  Richard Georg Strauss was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include Der Rosenkavalier and Salome; his Lieder, especially his Four Last Songs; and his tone poems and orchestral works, such as Death and Transfiguration, Till...
  
   (1864–1949), German composer, known for Also sprach Zarathustra
  Also sprach Zarathustra (Richard Strauss)
  Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30 is a tone poem by Richard Strauss, composed in 1896 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical treatise of the same name. The composer conducted its first performance on 27 November 1896 in Frankfurt...
  
   ("Thus Spoke Zarathustra"), wrote many tone poems, opera
  Opera
  Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
  
  s and lieder
• Paul Dukas
  Paul Dukas
  Paul Abraham Dukas was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher. A studious man, of retiring personality, he was intensely self-critical, and he abandoned and destroyed many of his compositions...
  
   (1865–1935), French composer, known for his piece of program music
  Program music
  Program music or programme music is a type of art music that attempts to musically render an extra-musical narrative. The narrative itself might be offered to the audience in the form of program notes, inviting imaginative correlations with the music...
  
   The Sorcerer's Apprentice
  The Sorcerer's Apprentice
  The Sorcerer's Apprentice is the English name of a poem by Goethe, Der Zauberlehrling, written in 1797. The poem is a ballad in fourteen stanzas.-Story:...
  
  
• Alexander Glazunov
  Alexander Glazunov
  Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov was a Russian composer of the late Russian Romantic period, music teacher and conductor...
  
   (1865–1936), Russian composer, influenced by Wagner and Liszt
• Carl Nielsen
  Carl Nielsen
  Carl August Nielsen , , widely recognised as Denmark's greatest composer, was also a conductor and a violinist. Brought up by poor but musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he demonstrated his musical abilities at an early age...
  
   (1865–1931), Danish composer, renowned for his six symphonies and concerti
• Jean Sibelius
  Jean Sibelius
  Jean Sibelius was a Finnish composer of the later Romantic period whose music played an important role in the formation of the Finnish national identity. His mastery of the orchestra has been described as "prodigious."...
  
   (1865–1957), Finnish nationalist composer of seven symphonies, known for the symphonic poem
  Symphonic poem
  A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section in which the content of a poem, a story or novel, a painting, a landscape or another source is illustrated or evoked. The term was first applied by Hungarian composer Franz Liszt to his 13 works in this vein...
  
   Finlandia
  Finlandia (symphonic poem)
  Finlandia, Op. 26 is a symphonic poem by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The first version was written in 1899, and it was revised in 1900...
  
   and Violin Concerto
  Violin Concerto (Sibelius)
  The Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 47, was written by Jean Sibelius in 1904.-History:Sibelius originally dedicated the concerto to the noted violinist Willy Burmester, who promised to play the concerto in Berlin...
  
  
• Erik Satie
  Erik Satie
  Éric Alfred Leslie Satie was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th century Parisian avant-garde...
  
   (1866-1925), French composer and pianist
• Ferruccio Busoni
  Ferruccio Busoni
  Ferruccio Busoni was an Italian composer, pianist, editor, writer, piano and composition teacher, and conductor.-Biography:...
  
   (1866–1924), Italian composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , known for his opera Turandot
  Turandot (Busoni)
  Turandot is a 1917 opera with spoken dialogue and in two acts by Ferruccio Busoni. Busoni prepared his own libretto, in German, based on the play by Count Carlo Gozzi. The music for Busoni's opera is based on incidental music, and the associated Turandot Suite , which Busoni had written in 1905...
  
   and his many transcriptions and arrangements of Johann Sebastian Bach
  Johann Sebastian Bach
  Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate maturity...
  
  
• Samuel Maykapar
  Samuel Maykapar
  Samuil Moiseevich Maykapar was a Russian romantic composer, pianist, professor of music at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, and author of outstanding piano practice pieces that became international grand classics....
  
   (1867–1938), Russian composer
• Umberto Giordano
  Umberto Giordano
  Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano was an Italian composer, mainly of operas.He was born in Foggia in Puglia, southern Italy, and studied under Paolo Serrao at the Conservatoire of Naples...
  
   (1867–1948), Italian opera
  Opera
  Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
  
   composer
• Enrique Granados
  Enrique Granados
  Enrique Granados y Campiña was a Spanish pianist and composer of classical music. His music is in a uniquely Spanish style and, as such, representative of musical nationalism...
  
   (1867–1916), Spanish composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , known for his piano works and chamber music
• Wilhelm Peterson-Berger
  Wilhelm Peterson-Berger
  Olof Wilhelm Peterson-Berger was a Swedish composer and music critic...
  
   (1867–1942), Swedish composer, wrote symphonies, operas, vocal and piano music
• Amy Beach
  Amy Beach
  Amy Marcy Cheney Beach was an American composer and pianist. She was the first successful American female composer of large-scale art music. Most of her compositions and performances were under the name Mrs. H.H.A. Beach.-Early years:Beach was born Amy Marcy Cheney in Henniker, New Hampshire into...
  
   (1867–1944), American composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Vittorio Monti
  Vittorio Monti
  Vittorio Monti was an Italian composer, violinist, and conductor.Monti was born in Naples, where he studied violin and composition at the Conservatorio di San Pietro a Majella...
  
   (1868–1922), Italian composer, violin
  Violin
  The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
  
  ist, and conductor
• Zygmunt Stojowski
  Zygmunt Stojowski
  Zygmunt Denis Antoni Jordan de Stojowski was a Polish pianist and composer.-Life:Born near the city of Kielce, Stojowski began his musical training with his mother, and with Polish composer Władysław Żeleński. In Kraków, as a seventeen-year-old student, he made his debut as a concert pianist...
  
   (1869/70–1946), Polish composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Julius Conus
  Julius Conus
  Julius Conus was a Russian violinist and composer.Conus was born in Moscow on to a distinguished musical family of French extraction who had migrated to Russia at the time of the Napoleonic Wars. His father was the piano teacher Eduard Conus, and his brothers were the composer and music teacher...
  
   (1869–1942), Russian composer and violin
  Violin
  The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
  
  ist
• Franz Lehár
  Franz Lehár
  Franz Lehár was an Austrian-Hungarian composer. He is mainly known for his operettas of which the most successful and best known is The Merry Widow .-Biography:...
  
   (1870–1948), Hungarian composer, mainly known for his operettas
• Guillaume Lekeu
  Guillaume Lekeu
  Guillaume Lekeu was a Belgian composer of classical music.- Life :Lekeu, who was born in Verviers, Belgium, took his first lessons at the conservatoire in that city. In 1879, his parents moved to Poitiers, France. There, he finished school while he continued his music studies autodidactically...
  
   (1870–1894), Belgian (Wallon) composer, known for his violin sonata
• Henry Kimball Hadley
  Henry Kimball Hadley
  Henry Kimball Hadley was an American composer and conductor.-Life:Hadley was born into a musical family in Somerville, Massachusetts...
  
   (1871–1937), American composer and conductor, composed the opera Cleopatra's Night
  Cleopatra's Night
  Cleopatra's Night is a short opera in two acts by American composer Henry Kimball Hadley. Its libretto is by Alice Leal Pollock based on a story by French author Théophile Gautier. The opera premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on January 31, 1920...
  
  
• Oreste Ravanello
  Oreste Ravanello
  Oreste Ravanello was an Italian composer and organist.- Biography :Oreste Ravanello studied organ and composition at the Liceo Musicale in Venice before he was appointed organist of the San Marco Cathedral at the age of seventeen...
  
   (1871–1938), Italian composer, known for works for choir, and for organ
• Alexander Zemlinsky
  Alexander von Zemlinsky
  Alexander Zemlinsky or Alexander von Zemlinsky was an Austrian composer, conductor, and teacher.-Early life:...
  
   (1871–1942), Austrian composer and music teacher, his students include Schoenberg
  Arnold Schoenberg
  Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School...
  
   and Korngold
  Erich Wolfgang Korngold
  Erich Wolfgang Korngold was an Austro-Hungarian film and romantic music composer. While his compositional style was considered well out of vogue at the time he died, his music has more recently undergone a reevaluation and a gradual reawakening of interest...
  
  
• Ralph Vaughan Williams
  Ralph Vaughan Williams
  Ralph Vaughan Williams OM was an English composer of symphonies, chamber music, opera, choral music, and film scores. He was also a collector of English folk music and song: this activity both influenced his editorial approach to the English Hymnal, beginning in 1904, in which he included many...
  
   (1872–1958), English composer, his works include nine symphonies, Fantasia on Greensleeves, and other orchestral poems
• Hugo Alfvén
  Hugo Alfvén
  was a Swedish composer, conductor, violinist, and painter.- Violinist :Alfvén was born in Stockholm and studied at the Music Conservatory there from 1887 to 1891 with the violin as his main instrument, receiving lessons from Lars Zetterquist. He also took private composition lessons from Johan...
  
   (1872–1960), Swedish composer, known for Swedish Rhapsody, works include choral music, and five symphonies
• Alexander Scriabin
  Alexander Scriabin
  Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin was a Russian composer and pianist who initially developed a lyrical and idiosyncratic tonal language inspired by the music of Frédéric Chopin. Quite independent of the innovations of Arnold Schoenberg, Scriabin developed an increasingly atonal musical system,...
  
   (1872–1915), Russian, known for his harmonically adventurous piano sonata
  Piano sonata
  A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement , two movements , five or even more movements...
  
  s and theatrical, orchestral works

• Sergei Rachmaninoff
  Sergei Rachmaninoff
  Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, one of the last great representatives of Romanticism in Russian classical music...
  
   (1873–1943), Russian composer, conductor and virtuoso pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  , wrote three symphonies, four piano concerto
  Piano concerto
  A piano concerto is a concerto written for piano and orchestra.See also harpsichord concerto; some of these works are occasionally played on piano...
  
  s, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
  Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
  The Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini in A minor, Op. 43 is a concertante work written by Sergei Rachmaninoff. It is written for solo piano and symphony orchestra, closely resembling a piano concerto. The work was written at Villa Senar, according to the score, from July 3 to August 18, 1934...
  
   and solo piano music
• Max Reger
  Max Reger
  Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger was a German composer, conductor, pianist, organist, and academic teacher.-Life:...
  
   (1873–1916), prolific German composer, known for his Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart
  Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart
  The Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart, Op. 132, is a set of variations for orchestra composed in 1914 by Max Reger; the composer conducted the premiere in Berlin on February 5, 1915.-Description:...
  
  
• Reynaldo Hahn
  Reynaldo Hahn
  Reynaldo Hahn was a Venezuelan, naturalised French, composer, conductor, music critic and diarist. Best known as a composer of songs, he wrote in the French classical tradition of the mélodie....
  
   (1874–1947), Venezuelan composer, known for his strikingly beautiful and unabashedly tonal melodies
• Arnold Schoenberg
  Arnold Schoenberg
  Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School...
  
   (1874–1951), Austrian composer, whose early works (e.g. "Verklarte Nacht
  Verklärte Nacht
  Verklärte Nacht , Op. 4, is a string sextet in one movement composed by Arnold Schoenberg in 1899 and his earliest important work...
  
  ") are influenced by Mahler, but subsequently developed atonalism and serialism with such watershed works as "Moses und Aron
  Moses und Aron
  Moses und Aron is a three-act opera by Arnold Schoenberg with the third act unfinished. The German libretto was by the composer after the Book of Exodus.-Compositional history:...
  
  "
• Franz Schmidt
  Franz Schmidt
  Franz Schmidt was an Austrian composer, cellist and pianist of Hungarian descent and origin.- Life :Schmidt was born in Pozsony , in the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . His father was half Hungarian and his mother entirely Hungarian...
  
   (1874–1939), Austrian composer, influenced by Bruckner and Brahms
• Maurice Ravel
  Maurice Ravel
  Joseph-Maurice Ravel was a French composer known especially for his melodies, orchestral and instrumental textures and effects...
  
   (1875–1937), French composer, despite a limited number of compositions, famous for his virtuosic piano music such as "Gaspard de la nuit
  Gaspard de la nuit
  Gaspard de la nuit: Trois poèmes pour piano d'après Aloysius Bertrand is a piece for solo piano by Maurice Ravel, written in 1908. It has three movements, each based on a poem by Aloysius Bertrand...
  
  ", and orchestral showpieces most notably "Bolero
  Bolero
  Bolero is a form of slow-tempo Latin music and its associated dance and song. There are Spanish and Cuban forms which are both significant and which have separate origins.The term is also used for some art music...
  
  ", his musical style strongly influenced by the Russian Five
  The Five
  The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful or The Mighty Coterie , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev , César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin...
  
  
• Reinhold Glière
  Reinhold Glière
  Reinhold Moritzevich Glière was a Russian and Soviet composer of German–Polish descent.- Biography :Glière was born in Kiev, Ukraine...
  
   (1875–1956), Russian composer, his works reflect Romantic era
• Mieczysław Karłowicz (1876–1909), Polish composer, his style is of late Romantic era and nationalist character
• Manuel de Falla
  Manuel de Falla
  Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish Andalusian composer of classical music. With Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados and Joaquín Turina he is one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century....
  
   (1876–1946), Spanish composer, best known for The Three-Cornered Hat
  El Sombrero de Tres Picos
  The Three-Cornered Hat is a ballet composed by Manuel de Falla, commissioned in its development by Sergei Diaghilev and performed in its completed form in 1919....
  
  
• Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
  Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
  Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari was an Italian composer and teacher. He is best known for his comic operas such as Il segreto di Susanna...
  
   (1876–1948), Italian composer and music teacher, known for his comic operas
• Ernő Dohnányi
  Erno Dohnányi
  Ernő Dohnányi was a Hungarian conductor, composer, and pianist. He used the German form of his name Ernst von Dohnányi for most of his published compositions....
  
   (1877–1960), Hungarian conductor, composer and pianist
  Pianist
  A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
  
  
• Franz Schreker
  Franz Schreker
  Franz Schreker was an Austrian composer, conductor, teacher and administrator. Primarily a composer of operas, his style is characterized by aesthetic plurality , timbral experimentation, strategies of extended tonality and...
  
   (1878–1934), Austrian conductor, composer and music teacher, primarily a composer of operas
• Ottorino Respighi
  Ottorino Respighi
  Ottorino Respighi was an Italian composer, musicologist and conductor. He is best known for his orchestral "Roman trilogy": Fountains of Rome ; Pines of Rome ; and Roman Festivals...
  
   (1879–1936), Italian composer, known for symphonic poem
  Symphonic poem
  A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section in which the content of a poem, a story or novel, a painting, a landscape or another source is illustrated or evoked. The term was first applied by Hungarian composer Franz Liszt to his 13 works in this vein...
  
  s The Fountains of Rome
  Fontane di Roma
  Fontane di Roma is a 1916 work by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi, now considered part of the Roman Trilogy of symphonic poems along with Feste Romane and Pini di Roma. Each of the four sections is meant to depict one of Rome’s fountains during different periods of the day and night...
  
   and The Pines of Rome
  Pini di Roma
  Pines of Rome is a symphonic poem written in 1924 by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi and, together with Fontane di Roma and Feste Romane, forms what is sometimes loosely referred to as his "Roman trilogy"...
  
  
• Nikolai Medtner
  Nikolai Medtner
  Nikolai Karlovich Medtner was a Russian composer and pianist.A younger contemporary of Sergei Rachmaninoff and Alexander Scriabin, he wrote a substantial number of compositions, all of which include the piano...
  
   (1880–1951), Russian composer, known for his piano sonata
  Piano sonata
  A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement , two movements , five or even more movements...
  
  s and concerti