This chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events during the Turkish War of Independence

Turkish War of Independence

The Turkish War of Independence was a war of independence waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was partitioned by the Allies following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I...

 (May 19, 1919– October 29, 1923). The timeline also includes the background events starting with the end of the First World War. The events are classified according to the campaigns and parties involved. Pictures are included for the significant events.

Legend
Groups	Members	Main Article
Nationals Turkish National Movement The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries which resulted in the creation and shaping of the Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I....	Turkish Revolutionaries	Establishment
	Mustafa Kemal Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
Central Powers Central Powers The Central Powers were one of the two warring factions in World War I , composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria...	Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	Kuva-i Inzibatiye Kuva-i Inzibatiye The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire in order to fight against the Turkish National Movement in the aftermath of World War I...
Joint actions by Allies of World War I Allies of World War I The Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire; Italy entered the war on their side in 1915...	Britain	Chanak Crisis Chanak Crisis The Chanak Crisis, also called Chanak Affair in September 1922 was the threatened attack by Turkish troops on British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale to guard the Dardanelles neutral zone. The Turkish troops had recently defeated Greek forces and recaptured İzmir...
	Greece	Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) The Greco–Turkish War of 1919–1922, known as the Western Front of the Turkish War of Independence in Turkey and the Asia Minor Campaign or the Asia Minor Catastrophe in Greece, was a series of military events occurring during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after World War I between May...
	Armenia Democratic Republic of Armenia The Democratic Republic of Armenia was the first modern establishment of an Armenian state...	Turkish-Armenian War Turkish-Armenian War The Turkish–Armenian War stemmed from an invasion of the Democratic Republic of Armenia by the Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement in the autumn of 1920...
	France	Franco-Turkish War Franco-Turkish War The Franco-Turkish War or Cilicia War was a series of conflicts fought between France and Turkish National Forces directed by Turkish Grand National Assembly from May 1920-October 1921 in the aftermath of World War I...
	Italy

1918

Date	Occurrence
1918, Oct 30	Signing of the Armistice of Mudros Armistice of Mudros The Armistice of Moudros , concluded on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I... , i) opening up the Straits, ii) guaranteeing access to the Black Sea Black Sea The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean... , iii) providing for Allied occupation of the fortresses along the Dardanelles Dardanelles The Dardanelles , formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It is one of the Turkish Straits, along with its counterpart the Bosphorus. It is located at approximately...  and Bosphorus, iv) foreseeing immediate demobilisation of Turkish troops, except where necessary to preserve order, v) placing Allies in control of all the railroads, vi) Article VII: giving the Allies "the right to occupy any strategic points in the event of any situation arising which threatens the security of the Allies".
1918, Oct 31	Mustafa Kemal Pasha takes over the command of the Yildirim Army Group Yildirim Army Group The Yildirim Army Group or Thunderbolt Army Group of the Ottoman Empire or Army Group F was one of the army groups of the Ottoman Army...  (Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.... n front) from Otto Liman von Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders Generalleutnant Otto Liman von Sanders was a German general who served as adviser and military commander for the Ottoman Empire during World War I.-Biography:... .
1918, Nov 01	Last congress of the Committee of Union and Progress Committee of Union and Progress The Committee of Union and Progress began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" in 1889 by the medical students İbrahim Temo, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti and Ali Hüseyinzade...  gathers in Istanbul
1918, Nov 02	Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, Cemal Pasha and others leading names of the Committee of Union and Progress Committee of Union and Progress The Committee of Union and Progress began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" in 1889 by the medical students İbrahim Temo, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti and Ali Hüseyinzade...  leave Istanbul.
1918, Nov 07	British troops occupy Musul Mosul Mosul , is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of the Ninawa Governorate, some northwest of Baghdad. The original city stands on the west bank of the Tigris River, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank, but the metropolitan area has now grown to encompass substantial... .
1918, Nov 08	Grand vizier Ahmed İzzet Pasha Ahmed İzzet Pasha Ahmed Izzet Pasha was an Ottoman general in World War I. He was also one of the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, and its last minister of Foreign Affairs.He was born in Bitola Macedonia into an Albanian family. His father was prominent civil servant of the area...  and his government demissions.
1918, Nov 09	British troops occupy İskenderun Iskenderun İskenderun is a city and urban district in the province of Hatay on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The current mayor is Yusuf Hamit Civelek .-Names:...  and the two sides of the Dardanelles Dardanelles The Dardanelles , formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It is one of the Turkish Straits, along with its counterpart the Bosphorus. It is located at approximately... .
1918, Nov 11	A new Ottoman government is formed under the Grand vizier Grand Vizier Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...  Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha was the last Ottoman grand vizier. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha held office four times, from 13 April 1909 to 5 May 1909 under Abdulhamid II, and then under Mehmed V Reşad... .
1918, Nov 12	A French brigade enters Istanbul to begin the Allied occupation of the city and its immediate dependencies (the two opposite peninsula Peninsula A peninsula is a piece of land that is bordered by water on three sides but connected to mainland. In many Germanic and Celtic languages and also in Baltic, Slavic and Hungarian, peninsulas are called "half-islands".... s). A fleet consisting of British, French, Italian and Greek ships embarks additional troops the next day.
1918, Nov 13	Mustafa Kemal Pasha arrived at Haydarpasha Station from Adana Adana Adana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia... .
1918, Nov 14	Joint French-Greek troops cross the Meriç River and occupy the town of Uzunköprü Uzunköprü Uzunköprü is a small town and a district of Edirne Province in northwestern Turkey.It is on the railway line from Istanbul towards Sofia, Belgrade and western Europe, and a frontier post on the Greek border.- Long Bridge :...  in Eastern Thrace as well as the railway axis till the train station of Hadımköy near Çatalca Çatalca Çatalca is a city and a rural district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is in Thrace, on the ridge between the Marmara and the Black Sea. Most people living in Çatalca are either farmers or those visiting vacation homes. Many families from Istanbul come to Çatalca during weekends to hike in the forests or...  on the outskirts of Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and... .
1918, Nov 14	First Kars Kars Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. The population of the city is 73,826 as of 2010.-Etymology:As Chorzene, the town appears in Roman historiography as part of ancient Armenia...  Congress organized by representatives of the Turkish-Muslim majority population in Kars region te define actions to be taken in view of the retreat of Ottoman forces.
1918, Nov 15	Ottoman Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...  troops withdraw from Baku Baku Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal... , which will be occupied by British troops in the following days, and also evacuate Musul Mosul Mosul , is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of the Ninawa Governorate, some northwest of Baghdad. The original city stands on the west bank of the Tigris River, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank, but the metropolitan area has now grown to encompass substantial...  occupied by the British after the armistice.
1918, Nov 18	Ottoman troops withdraw from Tabriz Tabriz Tabriz is the fourth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former...  (Tebriz).
1918, Nov 28	Kâzım Karabekir Kazim Karabekir Musa Kâzım Karabekir was a Turkish general and politician. He was commander of the Eastern Army in the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I and served as Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey before his death.-Early years:Karabekir was born in 1882 as the son of an Ottoman General,...  Pasha arrives to Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...  from Kars Kars Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. The population of the city is 73,826 as of 2010.-Etymology:As Chorzene, the town appears in Roman historiography as part of ancient Armenia... .
1918, Nov 30	Second Kars Kars Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. The population of the city is 73,826 as of 2010.-Etymology:As Chorzene, the town appears in Roman historiography as part of ancient Armenia...  Congress .
1918, Dec 1	The first "Association for Defense of National Rights (Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti)" -of Muslim Muslim A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...  subjects of the Ottoman Empire in view of the peace treaty to come- is founded in İzmir Izmir Izmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey... , to be followed by similar associations for Thrace Thrace Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. As a geographical concept, Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east...  and the Eastern Provinces in the following days.
1918, Dec 06	British troops based in Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....  occupy Kilis Kilis Kilis is a city in south-central Turkey on the border with Syria and capital of Kilis Province.- History and Population :Kilis was part of the vilayet of Aleppo of the Ottoman Empire until the First World War when it was given to Turkey and had a mixed population of Circassians, Turkomans and Arabs... ,
1918, Dec 07	French troops occupy Antakya Antakya Antakya is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern Turkey, near the border with Syria. The mayor is Lütfü Savaş.Known as Antioch in ancient times, the city has historical significance for Christianity, as it was the place where the followers of Jesus Christ were called Christians for the first... .
1918, Dec 17	French navy French Navy The French Navy, officially the Marine nationale and often called La Royale is the maritime arm of the French military. It includes a full range of fighting vessels, from patrol boats to a nuclear powered aircraft carrier and 10 nuclear-powered submarines, four of which are capable of launching...  embark troops in Mersin Mersin -Mersin today:Today, Mersin is a large city spreading out along the coast, with Turkey's second tallest skyscraper , huge hotels, an opera house, expensive real estate near the sea or up in the hills, and many other modern urban...  which will occupy the important port city.
1918, Dec 19	French troops occupy Tarsus Tarsus (city) Tarsus is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a population of 2.75 million...  and Ceyhan Ceyhan Ceyhan is a city in southeast Turkey and with 105,000 inhabitants it is the second largest city of Adana Province after the capital Adana. Ceyhan is the transportation hub for Middle Eastern, Central Asian and Russian oil and natural gas. It is situated on the Ceyhan River, from which it takes...  and face the first exchanges of fire in Dörtyol Dörtyol Dörtyol is a port city and oil terminus at the head of the Gulf of İskenderun, near the easternmost point of the Mediterranean coast. Dörtyol is located 26 km north of the city of Iskenderun in the province of Hatay in southeastern Turkey.-Geography:...  in one of the opening acts of what will later be termed the Cilicia War.
1918, Dec 20	French troops occupy Adana Adana Adana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia... , Çukurova Çukurova Çukurova , historically known as Cilicia, is a geographic, economic and cultural region in south-central Turkey, covering the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay... 's largest city with central importance for southern Turkey.
1918, Dec 21	Closure of the Ottoman Parliament by the sultan Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Mehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...  Vahideddin putting an end to its third term that was dominated by the Committee of Union and Progress Committee of Union and Progress The Committee of Union and Progress began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" in 1889 by the medical students İbrahim Temo, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti and Ali Hüseyinzade...  under a single party regime.
1918, Dec 21	"Adana Association for Defense of National Rights" is founded.
	French troops occupy Osmaniye Osmaniye -External links:...  and Islahiye Islahiye Islahiye is a town and district of Gaziantep Province in southeastern Turkey. It is a railway border crossing into Syria.The train station of Islahiye is the last stop on the railway to Damascus in Syria...  in a move that will extend till Pozantı Pozanti Pozantı is a small city and a large district in Adana Province of Turkey, on the main road from the city of Adana up across the Taurus Mountains. Pozantı stands in the foothills, at the bottom of a rare pass through these high mountains...  in Gülek Pass (Cilicia Gates) on December 27, thus acquiring control over Çukurova Çukurova Çukurova , historically known as Cilicia, is a geographic, economic and cultural region in south-central Turkey, covering the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay... . In the same days, British troops occupy Batum.
1918, Dec 30	Following a visit to Paris in November to present Greece's territorial claims to the Peace Conference to be opened, Venizelos Venizelos Venizelos is a Greek surname; it may refer to:* Eleftherios Venizelos , Greek politician* Sophoklis Venizelos , Greek politician, son of the above* Evangelos Venizelos , Greek politician, unrelated to the above...  reasserts these claims in a memorandum addressed to the British Premier, Lloyd George David Lloyd George David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor OM, PC was a British Liberal politician and statesman...  and covering all of Western Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey... , from opposite Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes is an island in Greece, located in the eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007, and also the island group's historical capital. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within...  (or Castellorizo) to the Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black... .

1919

Date	Occurrence
1919, Jan 03	British troops based in Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....  occupy Jerablus.
1919, Jan 09	End of the successive First and Second Ardahan Ardahan Ardahan is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border.-Ancient and medieval:In Ancient times the region was called Gogarene, which is assumed to derive from the name of Gugars, who were a Proto-Kartvelian tribe...  Congresses (opened January 3).
1919, Jan 12	The first cabinet of the Grand vizier Grand Vizier Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...  Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha was the last Ottoman grand vizier. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha held office four times, from 13 April 1909 to 5 May 1909 under Abdulhamid II, and then under Mehmed V Reşad...  demissions, and Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha was the last Ottoman grand vizier. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha held office four times, from 13 April 1909 to 5 May 1909 under Abdulhamid II, and then under Mehmed V Reşad...  presents a new government the next day.
1919, Jan 15	British troops based in Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....  occupy Antep. The British occupation forces will be replaced by French occupation forces towards the end of the year.
1919, Jan 18	End of the Great Kars Kars Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. The population of the city is 73,826 as of 2010.-Etymology:As Chorzene, the town appears in Roman historiography as part of ancient Armenia...  Congress (131 delegates) and the declaration of the founding of Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus.
1919, Jan 19	Paris Peace Conference Paris Peace Conference, 1919 The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the Allied victors following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 32 countries and nationalities...  opens.
	Ottoman troops start withdrawing from Batum.
1919, Feb 02	British troops based in Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....  occupy Maraş Maras In ancient Latvia, Māras or Māras diena was a festival, celebrated on August 15, held in honor of Māra, the Latvian goddess. It marked the midpoint between Jāņi and Miķeļi... . The British occupation forces will be replaced by French occupation forces towards the end of the year.
1919, Feb 08	French general Franchet d'Esperey ("desperate Frankey" as nicknamed among the British), commander-in-chief of allied occupation forces in Turkey arrives to Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and... .
1919, Feb 12	"Association for Defense of National Rights (Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti)" is founded in Trabzon Trabzon Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Iran in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast... , to be followed a parallel association in Samsun Samsun Samsun is a city of about half a million people on the north coast of Turkey. It is the provincial capital of Samsun Province and a major Black Sea port.-Name:...  and these two associations come together in a congress organized in Trabzon on February 23.
1919, Feb 21	Oltu Oltu Oltu is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is İbrahim Ziyrek . The population is 19,969 .-History:...  Congress by the Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus
	A number of Pontic Greek notables gather in Trabzon in parallel to the movements among the Turkish populations and take the decision to work towards the establishment of a Pontian Greek Republic in the vilayet of Trabzon. The first issue of the newspaper Pontos, a step in that direction, is published in Trabzon on March 4. Chrysanthos of Trebizonde, the Metropolitan of the Greek Orthodox populations of the region, goes to Paris on March 27 and presents a report to the Conference on May. 2

Date	Occurrence
1919, Feb 27	British troops based in Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....  occupy Birecik Birecik Birecik , also formerly known as Bir and during the Crusades as Bile, is a town and district of Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, on the River Euphrates.... . The British occupation forces will be replaced by French occupation forces towards the end of the year.
1919, Mar 03	The Grand vizier Grand Vizier Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...  Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha was the last Ottoman grand vizier. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha held office four times, from 13 April 1909 to 5 May 1909 under Abdulhamid II, and then under Mehmed V Reşad...  and his second government resigns.
1919, Mar 04	Damat Ferid Pasha Damat Ferid Pasha Damad Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of grand vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920...  is appointed as grand vizier and forms his first government.
1919, Mar 04	The representatives of Britain, the US, France and Italy open the discussions at the Paris Peace Conference on the envisaged mandates for Syria, Cilicia Cilicia In antiquity, Cilicia was the south coastal region of Asia Minor, south of the central Anatolian plateau. It existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Byzantine empire...  and Armenia Armenia Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia... .
1919, Mar 13	Kazım Karabekir Pasha is assigned to the command of the XV Corps XV Corps (Ottoman Empire) The XV Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I...  based in Erzurum Erzurum Erzurum is a city in Turkey. It is the largest city, the capital of Erzurum Province. The city is situated 1757 meters above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 361,235 in the 2000 census. .Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, served as NATO's southeastern-most air force post during the... .
1919, Mar 18	Two French gunboat Gunboat A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.-History:... s embark respective troops to the Black Sea Black Sea The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...  ports of Zonguldak Zonguldak Zonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its population, according to the 2009 census, was 108,792. It is an important port on the Black Sea because of the coal mining in Zonguldak Province...  and Karadeniz Ereğli Karadeniz Eregli Karadeniz Ereğli is a city and district in Zonguldak Province of Turkey, on the Black Sea shore at the mouth of the Kılıçsu River. Population is 98 545 as of 2009. The mayor is Halil Posbıyık .-Facts:...  commanding Turkey's coal mining Coal mining The goal of coal mining is to obtain coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United States,...  region.
1919, Mar 22	Known to be inclined to armed resistance to any occupation attempt and in view of the projected landing of Greek troops, Nureddin Pasha Nureddin Pasha Nureddin Pasha , often called Bearded Nureddin , was a Turkish military officer, who served in the Ottoman Empire during World War I and in the Turkish army during the Greco-Turkish War...  is relieved from his posts as interim governor of İzmir and from the command of XVII Corps XVII Corps (Ottoman Empire) The XVII Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the World War I.- Order of Battle, October 17, 1912 :...  based in that city.
	British troops based in Syria Syria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....  occupy Urfa. The British occupation forces will be replaced by French occupation forces towards the end of the year.

Date	Occurrence
1919, Apr 12	The flagship of the Greek Navy, the cruiser Georgios Averof Greek cruiser Georgios Averof Georgios Averof is a Greek warship which served as the flagship of the Royal Hellenic Navy during most of the first half of the 20th Century...  docks in the port of İzmir in a show of force for Greece. .
1919, Apr 24	The Italian Italian people The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...  delegation, angry about the possibility of the Greek occupation of Western Anatolia, leaves Paris Peace Conference does not return to Paris until May. 5 Although Italy sends a warship to İzmir on April 30 as a show of force to prevent Greek occupation, the absence of the Italian delegation from the Conference ends up by facilitating Lloyd George's efforts to persuade France and the United States in Greece's favour.
	A large Italian force occupies Antalya Antalya Antalya is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern Turkey. With a population 1,001,318 as of 2010. It is the eighth most populous city in Turkey and country's biggest international sea resort.- History :... , the region around which will remain comparatively calm throughout the war.
	Mustafa Kemal Pasha was appointed the Inspector of the Ninth Army Troops.
1919, May 6	Largely as a result of British diplomacy, Paris Peace Conference authorizes Greek forces to land on Turkish territory.
1919, May 8	Greek troops based in Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Thessaloniki , historically also known as Thessalonica, Salonika or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the region of Central Macedonia as well as the capital of the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace...  are ordered to sail toward İzmir in view of occupation.
1919, May 11	Small Italian contingents occupy (rather symbolically, since the Ottoman administration is allowed to function intact) Fethiye Fethiye Fethiye is a city and district of Muğla Province in the Aegean region of Turkey with about 68,000 inhabitants .-History:... , Bodrum Bodrum Bodrum is a port city in Muğla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region of Turkey. It is located on the southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula, at a point that checks the entry into the Gulf of Gökova. The site was called Halicarnassus of Caria in ancient times and was famous for housing the...  and Marmaris Marmaris Marmaris is a port city and a tourist resort on the Mediterranean coast, located in southwest Turkey, in Muğla Province.Marmaris' main source of income is tourism. Little is left of the sleepy fishing village that Marmaris was just a few decades ago after a construction boom in the 1980s...  and the surrounding regions.
1919, May 12	Admiral Arthur Calthorpe Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe GCB, GCMG, CVO , sometimes known as Sir Somerset Calthorpe, was a British Royal Navy admiral and a member of the Gough-Calthorpe family.-Naval career:... , signatory to the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of Britain, arrives in İzmir, in his title of British High Commissioner, to supervise the imminent Greek occupation of the city.
1919, May 15	Greek forces land in İzmir and Greece launches its occupation of Western Anatolia. For the city's Turkish population, the day is marked by the "first bullet" fired by Hasan Tahsin Hasan Tahsin Hasan Tahsin Receb was an Ottoman Turk.A member of the Ottoman special Organization, he unsuccessfully tried to assassinate the Buxton Brothers: Noel Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton and Charles Roden Buxton in Romania during World War I.He was the first to open fire on the Greek soldiers that...  at the standard bearer at the head of the troops, the murder by bayonet Bayonet A bayonet is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped weapon designed to fit in, on, over or underneath the muzzle of a rifle, musket or similar weapon, effectively turning the gun into a spear...  coups of Colonel Fethi Bey for refusing to shout "Zito Venizelos" and the killing and wounding of unarmed Turkish soldiers in the city's principal casern, as well as of 300-400 civilians.
1919, May 16	Mustafa Kemal Pasha departs from Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...  on board the ship Bandırma SS Bandirma SS Bandırma was an Ottoman mixed-freight ship, which became famous for her historical role in taking Mustafa Kemal Pasha from Constantinople to Samsun in May 1919 that marked the establishment of the Turkish national movement.-The ship:The steamer Bandırma, built 1878 in Paisley, Scotland, was a... heading for Samsun Samsun Samsun is a city of about half a million people on the north coast of Turkey. It is the provincial capital of Samsun Province and a major Black Sea port.-Name:...  where he was appointed as Inspector of the Ninth Army Troops.
1919, May 16	Greek troops occupy the towns along Karaburun peninsula west of İzmir (Urla Urla Urla may refer to:* Urla, İzmir, a district of İzmir Province inf Turkey* Urla, Raipur - a town in Chhatisgarh, India... , Çeşme Çesme Çeşme is a coastal town and the center-town of the district of the same name in Turkey's western-most end, on a promontory on the tip of the peninsula which also carries the same name and which extends inland to form a whole with the wider Karaburun Peninsula... , Seferihisar Seferihisar Seferihisar is a coastal district and the center town of the same district in İzmir Province, in Turkey. Seferihisar district area borders on other İzmir districts of Urla to the west and Menderes to the east, and touches İzmir's western-most metropolitan district of Güzelbahçe in the north...  and Karaburun Karaburun Karaburun is a district and the center town of the same district in Turkey's İzmir Province. The district area roughly corresponds to the peninsula of the same name which spears north of the tourism resorts of neighboring Çeşme and its dependencies and west of the city of İzmir. In fact, the... )
1919, May 18	Greek troops occupy Söke Söke Söke is a town and a large district of Aydın Province in the Aegean region of western Turkey, south-west of the city of Aydın, near the Aegean coast. It had 68,020 population in 2010.- Geography :... , situated a hundred kilometers south of İzmir at a key location that commands the fertile Menderes River valley.
1919, May 19	Mustafa Kemal Pasha sets foot in Samsun Samsun Samsun is a city of about half a million people on the north coast of Turkey. It is the provincial capital of Samsun Province and a major Black Sea port.-Name:... .
1919, May 21	Greek troops occupy Menemen Menemen Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey as well as the district's central town. The district extends on a fertile plain formed by the alluvial soil carried by the Gediz River...  and Torbalı Torbali Torbalı is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey.An ancient Ionian city, famous for its wines and religious sites, it has three sancuaries in marble dedicated to the Roman Emperor Augustus and his foster child Germanicus, in an ancient theatre which dominates the valley. Pieces of art found during... , towards the north and the southeast at proximity of İzmir Izmir Izmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey... .
	In line with a wave of demonstrations around Turkey to protest against Greece's occupation of İzmir, the largest of these public meetings is held in Sultanahmet Square in Istanbul.
1919, May 23	Greek troops occupy Selçuk Selçuk Selçuk is the central town of Selçuk district, İzmir Province in Turkey, 2 km northeast of Ephesus.Its original Greek name, Agios Theológos referred to John the Theologian. Under the Ottoman Empire, it was known as Ayasoluk...  to the south, Bayındır Bayindir Bayındır is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey and the central town of the district which is situated in the valley of the Küçük Menderes. Its name in antiquity was Caystrus. Its present name derives from the first Turkish settlers in the region who were members of the Bayındır clan, one of the...  to the east and Foça Foça Foça is town and district in Turkey's İzmir Province.The town of Foça is situated at about north by northwest of İzmir city center. The district also has a township with own municipality named Yenifoça , also along the shore and at a distance of from Foça proper...  to the north of İzmir.
1919, May 23	Aristidis Stergiadis Aristidis Stergiadis Aristidis Stergiadis was the Hellenic high-commissioner, or governor-general, of Smyrna from 1919 to 1922. He was selected for the post by Prime Minister Venizelos, who was a fellow Cretan. He is considered one of the darkest figures in modern Greek history... , the Greek High Commissioner for Ionia Ionia Ionia is an ancient region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey, the region nearest İzmir, which was historically Smyrna. It consisted of the northernmost territories of the Ionian League of Greek settlements... , who had arrived in İzmir on May 21, authorises orders for the occupation of Aydın, Manisa and Turgutlu.
1919, May 25	Greek troops occupy Manisa Manisa Manisa is a large city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province.Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port city and the regional metropolitan center of İzmir and by its fertile hinterland rich in... .
1919, May 27	Greek troops occupy Aydın Aydin Aydın is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey's Aegean Region. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast... . Although Menderes (Meander Meander A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse. A meander is formed when the moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks and widens its valley. A stream of any volume may assume a meandering course, alternately eroding sediments from the outside of a bend and depositing them on the... ) valley was not, strictly speaking, mandated for an occupation by Greek troops, Italian Navy Italian Navy Italian Navy may refer to:* Pre-unitarian navies of the Italian states* Regia Marina, the Royal Navy of the Kingdom of Italy * Italian Navy , the navy of the Italian Republic... 's movements off the coast of Kuşadası Kusadasi Kuşadası is a resort town on Turkey's Aegean coast and the center of the seaside district of the same name in Aydın Province. Kuşadası lies at a distance of to the south from the region's largest metropolitan center of İzmir, and from the provincial seat of Aydın situated inland. Its primary...  orient the Greek high command towards becoming the first power to establish an influence in this region. A feel-pulse nature prevails during these first Greek advances.
1919, May 29	Greek troops occupy Kasaba Kasaba Kasaba or Kasabaköy is a small town 17 kilometres from Kastamonu, Turkey. Its population in 1905 was about 23,000, but the village has shrunk to only a few dozen households. The town does not occupy any ancient site of importance but there is a mosque, the Mahmut Bey Camii, built by a...  (Turgutlu Turgutlu Turgutlu is a very large town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. According to the 2009 census, population of the district is 140,753 of which 115930 live in the city of Turgutlu.The district covers an area of and the city lies at an elevation of... ), Tire and Ayvalık Ayvalik Ayvalık is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey. It is a district of the Balıkesir Province.It was alternatively called by the town's formerly indigenous Greek population, although the use of the name Ayvalık was widespread for centuries among both the Turks and the Greeks...  where the Turkish side fires the "first bullets" by regular troops. Forces under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel (later minister) Ali Çetinkaya Ali Çetinkaya Ali Çetinkaya, also known as "Kel" Ali Bey was an Ottoman Army officer and Turkish politician who served eight terms in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, including a period in 1939–40 as his country's first Minister of Transport.He was born in Kara Hisâr-i Sâhib as a son of Ahmed Efendi...  check their enemy before retreating.
1919, Jun 01	Greek troops occupy Ödemiş Ödemis Ödemiş is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. North of Ödemiş, which is 113 km southeast of İzmir, are the ruins of Hypaiapa...  after a six hour exchange of fire in the Circassian village of Hacıilyas, ten kilometers west of Ödemiş, which prides itself for being the spot where the "first bullets" by irregular forces, soon to form into militias, were fired. The village, burned in whole by the Greek army after the fighting is named İlkkurşun since ("first bullet" in Turkish).
1919, Jun 03	Greek troops occupy Nazilli Nazilli Nazilli is the second largest town in Aydın Province in the Aegean region of western Turkey, east of the city of Aydın, on the road to Denizli.- Etymology :... , that they evacuate on June 19 following a number of raids on Greek positions by Turkish irregulars and subsequent Greek reprisals.
1919, Jun 05	A small Greek expeditionary force acting beyond orders occupies the inland city of Akhisar Akhisar Akhisar is a county district and its town center in Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Western Turkey... , clearly outside the mandated region, leading to public protests and a telegramme from the regional Turkish army command stationed in Balıkesir Balikesir Balıkesir is the capital city of Balıkesir Province. Balıkesir is in the Marmara region of Turkey and has a population of 265,747 inhabitants. Old name is Karesi or Karasi.- History :...  to the Allied representatives. The commander Yusuf İzzet Pasha Yusuf Izzet Pasha Yusuf Izzet Pasha was a general of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army.-Sources:...  also puts his troops in movement against the overspreading Greeks.

Date	Occurrence
1919, Jun 09	Called back by the High Commissioner Stergiadis Aristidis Stergiadis Aristidis Stergiadis was the Hellenic high-commissioner, or governor-general, of Smyrna from 1919 to 1922. He was selected for the post by Prime Minister Venizelos, who was a fellow Cretan. He is considered one of the darkest figures in modern Greek history... , Greek troops evacuate Akhisar, and the commanding officer will be imprisoned for twenty days for undisciplinary action.
1919, Jun 12	Greek troops occupy Bergama Bergama Bergama is a populous district, as well as the center city of the same district, in İzmir Province in western Turkey. By excluding İzmir's metropolitan area, it is one of the prominent districts of the province in terms of population and is largely urbanized at the rate of 53,6 per cent... .
1919, Jun 14	Ambushed in Bergama Bergama Bergama is a populous district, as well as the center city of the same district, in İzmir Province in western Turkey. By excluding İzmir's metropolitan area, it is one of the prominent districts of the province in terms of population and is largely urbanized at the rate of 53,6 per cent...  by Yusuf İzzet Pasha Yusuf Izzet Pasha Yusuf Izzet Pasha was a general of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army.-Sources:... 's troops and the locally organized Turkish Revolutionaries, Greek forces retreat in disorder to Menemen Menemen Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey as well as the district's central town. The district extends on a fertile plain formed by the alluvial soil carried by the Gediz River... .
1919, Jun 17	Menemen massacre Menemen massacre The Menemen Massacre occurred on June 16-17, 1919, during the Greek occupation of the town of Menemen, in western Turkey, shortly after Greek forces had landed and occupied the nearby city of Smyrna. The Ottoman prefect of Menemen, Kemal Bey, and the six gendarmes accompanying him were...  following the killing of the prefect Kemal Bey and the six Turkish gendarmes accompanying him the day before. Different sources cite 200 to 1000 Turkish deaths in this single day, with the exact figure re-confirmed as being closer to the latter estimate, with no wounded among either the Greek troops or the Greek minority of Menemen Menemen Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey as well as the district's central town. The district extends on a fertile plain formed by the alluvial soil carried by the Gediz River... .
1919, Jun 19	Greek troops evacuate Nazilli in the south, while they take back Bergama in the north.
1919, Jun 21	Amasya Circular Amasya Circular Amasya Circular was a joint circular issued on 22 June 1919 in Amasya by Fahri Yaver-i Hazret-i Şehriyari Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pasha , Hüseyin Rauf Bey , Miralay Refet Bey and Mirliva Ali Fuad Pasha...  issued after a meeting in Amasya Amasya - History :Its location in this steep valley makes the city a mountain stronghold, easy to defend, and thus Amasya has had a long and prominent history.-Antiquity:...  by the commanders Mustafa Kemal, Rauf Orbay Rauf Orbay Hüseyin Rauf Orbay was a Turkish naval officer and statesman, born in Istanbul.As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his actions as the captain of the cruiser Hamidiye during the First Balkan War... , Ali Fuat Cebesoy Ali Fuat Cebesoy Ali Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım...  and Refet Bele Refet Bele Refet Bele was an officer of the Ottoman Army and the general of the Turkish Army.-External links:...  calling for a national movement to against the occupying powers.
1919, Jun 27	The fight around Aydın Aydin Aydın is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey's Aegean Region. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast... . The Greek troops carrying out reconnaissance patrols around Aydın and burning villages, are repulsed by irregular forces under Yörük Ali, in an ambush at Malgaç train station and the efe Efe The Efe were the leaders of Turkish irregular soldiers and guerillas from the Aegean Region of Anatolia, called the Zeibeks and Kızan. There are many theories about the origins of the word Efe....  pursue the Greek troops till the outskirts of the city.
1919, Jun 28	In Balıkesir Balikesir Balıkesir is the capital city of Balıkesir Province. Balıkesir is in the Marmara region of Turkey and has a population of 265,747 inhabitants. Old name is Karesi or Karasi.- History :... , the first of five congresses to be held in that city unites in a large forum the representatives of the Turkish revolutionaries of western Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...  to define the actions to be taken against the occupation. A larger meeting is decided to be organized in Alaşehir Alasehir Alaşehir, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia , i.e. " brotherly love" is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay , at the foot of the Bozdağ... .
1919, Jun 29	Battle of Aydın Battle of Aydin The Battle of Aydın , was a series of wide-scale armed conflicts during the initial stage of the Greco-Turkish War in and around the city of Aydın in western Turkey... . Fires break out in one of the Turkish quarters of the city (Cuma quarter) and a massacre of civilians ensues, machine-gunned for no reason by the Greek troops. The Greek troops evacuate the city which will be controlled for four days by the efe Efe The Efe were the leaders of Turkish irregular soldiers and guerillas from the Aegean Region of Anatolia, called the Zeibeks and Kızan. There are many theories about the origins of the word Efe....  under the leadership of Yörük Ali. The Greek quarter is burned in its turn and some among the Aydın Greek minority were killed or robbed during these four days while others survived thanks to the protection of Colonel Şefik Bey. Efe Efe The Efe were the leaders of Turkish irregular soldiers and guerillas from the Aegean Region of Anatolia, called the Zeibeks and Kızan. There are many theories about the origins of the word Efe....  retreat back to the mountains after reportedly several thousands of casualties for each side.
1919, Jul 4	Reinforced Greek forces take back control of Aydın, burning another Turkish quarter in reprisal.
1919, Jul 15	Grand vizier Grand Vizier Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...  ad interim and Sheikh ul-Islam Sheikh ul-Islam Shaykh al-Islām is a title of superior authority in the issues of Islam....  Ürgüp Ürgüp Ürgüp is a town and district of Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Located in the historical region of Cappadocia, and near the cave Churches of Göreme, it is renowned for its nightlife and for its good adjustment to tourism, making it a popular night stop for Cappadocia... lü Mustafa Sabri Efendi sends a telegram to Paris Peace Conference formally accusing the Greeks to have committed atrocities in İzmir and its surroundings and requesting the Conference to send a commission of inquiry to the region, since "The Council was not without responsibility, seeing that it had sent the Greeks to İzmir."
1919, Jul 21	Erzurum Congress Erzurum Congress Erzurum Congress was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern Turkey, in accordance with the previously issued Amasya Circular...  uniting representatives from Turkey's Eastern Anatolia provinces in Erzurum Erzurum Erzurum is a city in Turkey. It is the largest city, the capital of Erzurum Province. The city is situated 1757 meters above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 361,235 in the 2000 census. .Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, served as NATO's southeastern-most air force post during the...  under the chairmanship of Mustafa Kemal and Kazım Karabekir. The Congress lasts till August 7, 1919.
1919, Aug 16	A large-scale eight-day congress of Turkish revolutionaries of western Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...  is held in Alaşehir Alasehir Alaşehir, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia , i.e. " brotherly love" is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay , at the foot of the Bozdağ...  which defines further actions to be taken against the occupation and elects the representatives to be sent to Sivas for the national congress in preparation.
1919, Sep 04	Sivas Congress Sivas Congress Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, that united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, which was defunct at the time in practical terms...  unites representatives from all over Turkey in Sivas. The congress lasts 8 days and calls for national unity. Concurrent to the congress, Ali Galip Incident in Malatya Malatya Malatya ) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of its eponymous province.-Overview:The city site has been occupied for thousands of years. The Assyrians called the city Meliddu. Following Roman expansion into the east, the city was renamed in Latin as Melitene...  poses a momentary threat for the national cause and the danger will be avoided thanks to prompt arrival of forces from Diyarbakır Diyarbakır Diyarbakır is one of the largest cities in southeastern Turkey... .
	Damat Ferid Pasha Damat Ferid Pasha Damad Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of grand vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920...  is removed from office by the sultan Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Mehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...  Vahideddin, putting an end to his first period of vizierate.
1919, Sep 06	A new Ottoman government is formed under the new grand vizier Ali Rıza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha was one the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 14 October 1919 and 2 March 1920.... .
1919, Oct 22	Amasya Protocole between the Delegation of Representatives (Heyet-i Temsiliye) assigned by Sivas Congress and headed by Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Minister of Marine (later grand vizier himself) Hulusi Salih Pasha Hulusi Salih Pasha Salih Hulusi Pasha also known as Salih Hulusi Kezrak, was one of the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 8 March 1920 and 2 April 1920... , representing the short-lived Ottoman government of Ali Rıza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha was one the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 14 October 1919 and 2 March 1920.... , in an effort to seek ways for preserving independence through joint efforts.
1919, Oct 29	French troops occupy Maraş Maras In ancient Latvia, Māras or Māras diena was a festival, celebrated on August 15, held in honor of Māra, the Latvian goddess. It marked the midpoint between Jāņi and Miķeļi...  and replace the British troops stationed in the city, despite manifest opposition to the replacement by the city's inhabitants.
1919, Oct 30	French troops occupy Urfa and replace the British troops stationed in the city triggering almost immediate resistance and starting the Battle of Urfa Battle of Urfa The Battle of Urfa was an uprising in the spring of 1920 against the French army occupying the city of Urfa by the Turkish National Forces. The French garrison of Urfa held out for two months until it sued for negotiations with the Turks for safe conduct out of the city... .
1919, Oct 31	Sütçü İmam Incident Sütçü Imam Incident The Sütçü İmam incident also known as Uzun Oluk incident is a term used in modern Turkish historiography to refer to the purportedly first armed action against the French occupying forces in Marash on October 31, 1919...  in Maraş. Two days after the French forces take the city's control, the incident, termed after the defender of three Turkish women who were being harassed and molested in the street by French Armenian Legion French Armenian Legion The Armenian Legion, established with the French-Armenian Agreement , was a foreign legion unit within French Army. The Armenian legion was established under the goals of the Armenian national liberation movement and was an armed unit besides the Armenian volunteer units and Armenian militia during...  auxiliaries, and who shoots one of the molesters in the skirmish. The incident triggers a series of events that will lead the Turkish majority of Maraş to rise against the occupation forces with wholescale urban warfare to be launched in two months' time with the Battle of Maraş Battle of Maras The Battle of Marash was a battle that took place in the early winter of 1920 between the French forces occupying the city of Marash in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish National Forces linked to Mustafa Kemal Pasha... .
1919, Nov 05	French troops occupy Antep and replace the British troops stationed in the city.
1919, Nov 07	Crossing Nestos River, Greek troops start taking over the city and the region of Xanthi Xanthi Xanthi ; is a city in Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the Xanthi peripheral unit of the periphery of East Macedonia and Thrace.-History:...  (İskeçe) from Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... , in the framework of the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine.
1919, Nov 21	French troops tentatively occupy Mardin Mardin Mardin is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for its Arabic-like architecture, and for its strategic location on a rocky mountain overlooking the plains of northern Syria.-History:...  for one day and retreat from the city towards the evening of the same day, faced with propects of a potentially bitter resistance by the population to a full occupation attempt.
1919, Dec 27	Mustafa Kemal Pasha arrives to Ankara Ankara Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million.... .

1920

Date	Occurrence
1920, Jan 12	The newly elected members of the Ottoman Parliament, composed in their sweeping majority of candidates of "Association for Defense of National Rights for Anatolia and Roumelia (Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti)", headed by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who himself remained in Ankara Ankara Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million.... , open the fourth (and last) term of the Parliament.
1920, Jan 20	Mehmet Kamil Incident shakes the city of Antep and the Battle of Antep starts with ambushes on French forces along the roads Antep-Maraş and Antep-Kilis Kilis Kilis is a city in south-central Turkey on the border with Syria and capital of Kilis Province.- History and Population :Kilis was part of the vilayet of Aleppo of the Ottoman Empire until the First World War when it was given to Turkey and had a mixed population of Circassians, Turkomans and Arabs...  hindering French troop movements. The battle will last a year and take place simultaneously between opposite forces holding different quarters in the city or those stationed along the roads, where additional French troops will try to force their way into the city.
1920, Jan 21	Start of wholescale urban warfare in Maraş Maras In ancient Latvia, Māras or Māras diena was a festival, celebrated on August 15, held in honor of Māra, the Latvian goddess. It marked the midpoint between Jāņi and Miķeļi...  (Battle of Maraş Battle of Maras The Battle of Marash was a battle that took place in the early winter of 1920 between the French forces occupying the city of Marash in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish National Forces linked to Mustafa Kemal Pasha... ) with the Turkish Revolutionaries facing French troops, French Colonial Forces French Colonial Forces The French Colonial Forces , commonly called La Coloniale, was a general designation for the military forces that garrisoned in the French colonial empire from the late 17th century until 1960. They were recruited from mainland France or from the French settler and indigenous populations of the...  units and the French Armenian Legion French Armenian Legion The Armenian Legion, established with the French-Armenian Agreement , was a foreign legion unit within French Army. The Armenian legion was established under the goals of the Armenian national liberation movement and was an armed unit besides the Armenian volunteer units and Armenian militia during...  auxiliaries. The battle will earn Maraş the title of "Kahraman" - heroic (Kahramanmaraş Kahramanmaras -Industry:Kahramanmaraş's industry is mainly based on textile and ice cream. Kahramanmaraş is one of the biggest textile industry cities of Turkey. Companies like Kipaş, İskur, Arsan and Bozkurt are one of the richest companies in the city...  meaning "Maraş the Heroic")
1920, Jan 28	The Ottoman Parliament, gathered in a secret session, ratifies the decisions adopted in Erzurum Congress Erzurum Congress Erzurum Congress was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern Turkey, in accordance with the previously issued Amasya Circular...  and Sivas Congress Sivas Congress Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, that united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, which was defunct at the time in practical terms...  and the publishes the Misak-ı Milli Misak-i Millî Misak-ı Millî is the set of six important decisions made by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament. Parliament met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions on 12 February 1920...  (National Oath) document constituting the basis of principle of Turkey's frontiers.
1920, Feb 12	French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Maraş Maras In ancient Latvia, Māras or Māras diena was a festival, celebrated on August 15, held in honor of Māra, the Latvian goddess. It marked the midpoint between Jāņi and Miķeļi...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1920, Mar 03	Grand vizier Ali Rıza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha Ali Riza Pasha was one the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 14 October 1919 and 2 March 1920....  demissions.
1920, Mar 08	The new Ottoman government is formed under grand vizier Hulusi Salih Pasha Hulusi Salih Pasha Salih Hulusi Pasha also known as Salih Hulusi Kezrak, was one of the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 8 March 1920 and 2 April 1920... .
1920, Mar 16	Officialization of the Occupation of Constantinople. The premises of the Ottoman Parliament is raided by the Allied forces, as well as other key locations across Istanbul in a large-scale military operation. A number of deputies and other key personalities are arrested the same day or in the following days, and sent to exile in Malta Malta Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...  (Malta exiles Malta exiles Malta exiles is the term for politicians, high ranking soldiers , administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire who were sent into exile on Malta after the armistice of Mudros during the Occupation of İstanbul by the Allied forces... ).
1920, Mar 18	Last session of the last Ottoman Parliament, with the arrested deputies missing, a black cloth covering the pulpit in a gesture to remind of their forced absence. Many of the remaining members soon leave for Ankara to constitute the core of the new assembly.
1920, Mar 19	Declaration by Mustafa Kemal Pasha in view of convening a national assembly with extraordinary powers in Ankara, stressing the need to undertake elections at the latest within fifteen days to constitute the members of the new assembly, with members of the dispersed Ottoman Parliament free to join.
1920, Apr 02	Grand vizier Hulusi Salih Pasha Hulusi Salih Pasha Salih Hulusi Pasha also known as Salih Hulusi Kezrak, was one of the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 8 March 1920 and 2 April 1920...  demissions.
1920, Apr 05	The sultan Mehmed VI Vahideddin, under pressure from the Allies, closes the Ottoman Parliament officially, and Damat Ferid Pasha Damat Ferid Pasha Damad Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of grand vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920... , deeply hostile to the Turkish revolutionaries, is appointed once again grand vizier.
1920, Apr 10	Sheikh ul-Islam Sheikh ul-Islam Shaykh al-Islām is a title of superior authority in the issues of Islam....  Dürrizade Abdullah edicts a fatwa Fatwa A fatwā in the Islamic faith is a juristic ruling concerning Islamic law issued by an Islamic scholar. In Sunni Islam any fatwā is non-binding, whereas in Shia Islam it could be considered by an individual as binding, depending on his or her relation to the scholar. The person who issues a fatwā...  which qualifies the Turkish Revolutionaries as infidels Infidels Infidels is singer-songwriter Bob Dylan's 22nd studio album, released by Columbia Records in October 1983.Produced by Mark Knopfler and Dylan himself, Infidels is seen as his return to secular music, following a conversion to Christianity and three evangelical, gospel records... , calling for the death of its leaders.
1920, Apr 10	A counter fatwa prepared by the mufti Mufti A mufti is a Sunni Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law . In religious administrative terms, a mufti is roughly equivalent to a deacon to a Sunni population...  of Ankara Ankara Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million.... , Rifat Börekçi, and signed by hundreds of clergy members across Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...  declares the sheik ul-Islam's edict as null and void.
1921, Apr 11	French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Urfa faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1920, Apr 13	An uprising against Turkish Revolutionaries is sparked in Düzce Düzce Düzce is the capital city of Düzce Province in Turkey. The mayor is İsmail Bayram . The population is 125,240 which is an increase from 61.878 in 1990.- Overview :...  on April 13, as a direct consequence of the sheik ul-Islam's fatwa.
1920, Apr 18	The revolt in Düzce, in opposition to the constitution of a new government in Ankara, extends to Bolu Bolu - Places of interest :The countryside around Bolu offers excellent walking and other outdoor pursuits. There are hotels in the town for visitors. Sights near the town include:* The 14th century mosque, Ulu Camii... , and on April 20, to Gerede Gerede Gerede is a town and a district of Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located on the highway from Istanbul to Ankara . It covers an area of , and the population is 41,391 of which 25,200 live in the town of Gerede. Elevation is about 1,450 m... . The movement englobed an important part of northwestern Anatolia for about a month and is generally termed the Caliphate Army (Hilafet Ordusu or Kuva-i İnzibatiye) revolt (for Ankara) or movement (for the Ottoman government). The Ottoman government had accorded semi-official status to the Caliphate Army for a brief period and Ahmet Anzavur held an important role in the uprising.
1920, Apr 23	The Turkish Grand National Assembly, established on the basis of national sovereignty, holds the opening session of its first term and elects Mustafa Kemal Pasha as president of the assembly. Some 100 members of the dissolved Ottoman Parliament, including its president Celaleddin Arif, had been able to escape the Allied roundup and joined the 190 deputies elected around the country.
1920, Apr 26	Starting April 19, San Remo conference San Remo conference The San Remo Conference was an international meeting of the post-World War I Allied Supreme Council, held in Sanremo, Italy, from 19 to 26 April 1920. It was attended by the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I who were represented by the prime ministers of Britain , France and Italy and...  determines the allocation of mandates for administration to be imposed on the former Ottoman-ruled lands of the Middle East by the victorious powers.
1920, Apr 26	Mustafa Kemal Pasha writes a letter to Lenin, seeking Soviet aid. The letter will be answered officially and favorably by Chicherin Georgy Chicherin Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin was a Marxist revolutionary and a Soviet politician. He served as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in the Soviet government from March 1918 to 1930.-Childhood and early career:...  on June 3.
1920, Apr 26	A Turkish delegation which had already departed for Moscow on May 11 approaches the destination.
	The Caliphate Army revolt/movement, after having taken control of Safranbolu Safranbolu Safranbolu is a town and district of Karabük Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is about two hundred kilometers north of Ankara and about a hundred kilometers south of the Black Sea coast, or more precisely about 9 kilometers north of the city of Karabük...  on April 25, reaches the limit of its extension by the adhesion of the town of Çerkeş Çerkes Çerkeş is a town and district of Çankırı Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey.In addition to this, Saraycik is the most important village of Cerkes. It is famous for Badima Bukme, baklava, alacash.-References:-External links:*...  to the movement, directly to the north of Ankara. For a time, the new-born Ankara government's fortunes seem in their thinnest.
1920, May 11	Mustafa Kemal Pasha and five other prominent names of the national movement are condemned in absentia In absentia In absentia is Latin for "in the absence". In legal use, it usually means a trial at which the defendant is not physically present. The phrase is not ordinarily a mere observation, but suggests recognition of violation to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial.In...  to death sentence by a military tribunal in Istanbul. The other five condemned are Ali Fuat Pasha Ali Fuat Cebesoy Ali Fuat Cebesoy was a Turkish officer, politician and statesman.-Early life:Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım... , Kara Vasıf -head of intelligence-, Ahmed Rüstem Bilinsky -former Ottoman ambassador in the U.S.; name due to Polish Poles thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...  father-, Dr. Adnan Adıvar Adnan Adivar Abdülhak Adnan Adıvar was a Turkish politician, writer, historian, and by profession a medical doctor. He has done original research and written on history of science...  and his wife Halide Edip.
1920, May 27	Greek troops start taking over the city and the region of Komotini Komotini Komotini is a city in Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the region of East Macedonia and Thrace and of the Rhodope regional unit. It is also the administrative center of the Rhodope-Evros super-prefecture. The city is home to the Democritus University of Thrace, founded in 1973...  (Gümülcine) from Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east... , in the framework of the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine.
1920, May 27	A victory of consequence by the Turkish Revolutionaries in Karboğazı Pass Battle of Karboğazı Battle of Karboğazı was a clash between Turkish nationalists and the French battalion on Toros Mountains during the Turkish war of independence. - Background :...  between Tarsus Tarsus (city) Tarsus is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a population of 2.75 million...  and Pozantı Pozanti Pozantı is a small city and a large district in Adana Province of Turkey, on the main road from the city of Adana up across the Taurus Mountains. Pozantı stands in the foothills, at the bottom of a rare pass through these high mountains... , where 530 soldiers of the occupation troops are made prisoner.
1920, Jun 02	French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Kozan Kozan Kozan may refer to:*Kozan, Hiroshima in Japan*Kozan, Adana in Turkey*Kozan, Shaft in Iran*Kozan, a village in Northern Cyprus...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1921, Jun 04	French occupation troops are forced to evacuate the entire region of Urfa, east of Euphrates Euphrates The Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia... .
1920, Jun 08	The French retire their troops from Karadeniz Ereğli Karadeniz Eregli Karadeniz Ereğli is a city and district in Zonguldak Province of Turkey, on the Black Sea shore at the mouth of the Kılıçsu River. Population is 98 545 as of 2009. The mayor is Halil Posbıyık .-Facts:...  where they were embarked since a year depart, but pursue their occupation on Zonguldak Zonguldak Zonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its population, according to the 2009 census, was 108,792. It is an important port on the Black Sea because of the coal mining in Zonguldak Province... , where they concentrate by occupying the city as a whole and officially on June 18.
1920, Jun 22	Greek troops occupy Akhisar Akhisar Akhisar is a county district and its town center in Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Western Turkey... .
1920, Jun 23	Greek army launches a wide offensive across western Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey... , from the southern shores of the Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black...  to the Menderes River valley, plausibly timed in order to apply pressure on the Ottoman government for the signature of the treaty drafted by the Allies.
1920, Jun 24	Greek troops occupy Salihli Salihli Salihli is a large town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey.-Geography:The city of Salihli, the seat of the district, is located on İzmir-Ankara highway and the parallel railway connections. The urban zone is situated on the slopes of Bozdağ mountain chain along the...  and the lignite Lignite Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat...  mining region of Soma Soma Soma , or Haoma , from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sauma-, was a ritual drink of importance among the early Indo-Iranians, and the subsequent Vedic and greater Persian cultures. It is frequently mentioned in the Rigveda, whose Soma Mandala contains 114 hymns, many praising its energizing qualities... -Kırkağaç Kirkagaç Kırkağaç is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. According to the 2000 census, population of the district is 48,303 of which 25,093 live in the town of Kırkağaç... .
1920, Jun 25	Abolition of the Caliphate Army by the Ottoman government after the successive defeats this movement suffered faced to regular troops loyal to Ankara government.
1920, Jun 25	Greek troops occupy Alaşehir Alasehir Alaşehir, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia , i.e. " brotherly love" is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay , at the foot of the Bozdağ... .
1920, Jun 28	Greek troops occupy Kula.
1920, Jun 30	Greek troops occupy Balıkesir Balikesir Balıkesir is the capital city of Balıkesir Province. Balıkesir is in the Marmara region of Turkey and has a population of 265,747 inhabitants. Old name is Karesi or Karasi.- History :... .
1920, Jul 01	Greek troops occupy Edremit Edremit Edremit may refer to:* Edremit , Balıkesir, Turkey* Edremit , Van, Turkey* Edremit, Turkish name for Trimithi, Northern Cyprus... , last Aegean Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea[p] is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus...  port held by the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1920, Jul 02	Greek troops occupy the Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black...  ports of Bandırma Bandirma Bandırma is a city in northwestern Turkey with 113,385 inhabitants on the Sea of Marmara. Also, Bandırma is a district of Balıkesir....  and Biga.
1920, Jul 05	Immediately after his arrival in Ankara, Colonel Behiç Erkin Behiç Erkin Behiç Erkin was a career Army officer; first director of the Turkish State Railways, nationalized under his auspices; and statesman with the Turkish government who helped save almost 20,000 of ethnic Turkish Jews in France during World War II... , who had already distinguished himself as a railroads manager during World War I, takes over with full powers the management of Anatolian Railways ("Anadolu Şimendiferleri"), section under Ankara's control of the Ottoman railways consisting of a single line along Ankara-Polatlı Polatli Polatlı is a city and a district in Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, 80 km west of the Turkish capital Ankara, on the road to Eskişehir. According to 2010 census, population of the district is 117,473 of which 98,605 live in the city of Polatlı... -Eskişehir-Bilecik-Kütahya-Çay Çay Çay is a town and a district of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. the mayor is Ali Yakut .-Settlements:*Akkonak, Çay*Armutlu, Çay*Aydoğmuş, Çay*Bulanık, Çay*Cumhuriyet, Çay*Deresinek, Çay*Devederesi, Çay*Eber, Çay... -Akşehir Aksehir Akşehir is a town and district of Konya Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 114,918 of which 63,000 live in the town of Akşehir... . (see History of rail transport in Turkey History of rail transport in Turkey The history of rail transport in Turkey began with the start of the placement in 1856 of a railway line between Izmir and Aydın. The first finished Ottoman railway line was a line between Köstence and Boğazköy built in 1859-1860.The state corporation that manages the Turkish railway system,... )
1920, Jul 08	Greek troops occupy Bursa, a former Ottoman capital of central importance for the region along the southern shores of the Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black... .
1920, Jul 10	Kaç Kaç event in Çukurova Çukurova Çukurova , historically known as Cilicia, is a geographic, economic and cultural region in south-central Turkey, covering the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay... .
1920, Jul 11	Greek troops occupy İznik Iznik İznik is a city in Turkey which is primarily known as the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea, the first and seventh Ecumenical councils in the early history of the Church, the Nicene Creed, and as the capital city of the Empire of Nicaea... .
1920, Jul 11	In the south, French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Birecik Birecik Birecik , also formerly known as Bir and during the Crusades as Bile, is a town and district of Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, on the River Euphrates....  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1920, Jul 20	Greek troops skip to the northern shores of the Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black...  and occupy Tekirdağ Tekirdag Tekirdağ , the ancient Bisanthi , is a city in Eastern Thrace, in the European part of Turkey. Tekirdağ is the capital of Tekirdağ Province, felt by the local people to be a quieter and more pleasant town than the industrial centre of Çorlu, which it administers. The city population as of 2009 was... , Marmara Ereğli Marmara Eregli Marmara Ereğlisi is a town and district of Tekirdağ Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The mayor is İbrahim Uyan .-Facts:Ereğli is 30 km east of the town of Tekirdağ, and 90 km west of Istanbul near a small pointed headland on the north shore of the Marmara Sea...  and Çorlu Çorlu Çorlu is a northwestern Turkish city in inland Eastern Thrace that falls under the administration of the Province of Tekirdağ. It is a rapidly developing industrial center built on flatland located off the E80 highway between Istanbul and Turkey's border with Greece and Bulgaria. As of the 2000...  in Eastern Thrace.
1920, Aug 04	Greek troops occupy Gelibolu Gelibolu Gelibolu, also known as Gallipoli , is the name of a town and a district in Çanakkale Province of the Marmara region, located in Eastern Thrace in the European part of Turkey on the southern shore of the peninsula named after it on the Dardanelles strait, two miles away from Lapseki on the other... , on the Dardanelles Dardanelles The Dardanelles , formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It is one of the Turkish Straits, along with its counterpart the Bosphorus. It is located at approximately... .
1920, Aug 10	In Sèvres Sèvres Sèvres is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.The town is known for its porcelain manufacture, the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, making the famous Sèvres porcelain, as well as being the location of the International Bureau of Weights... , the grand vizier Damat Ferid Pasha Damat Ferid Pasha Damad Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of grand vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920...  and three other Ottoman personalities (see photo) sign the stillborn Treaty of Sèvres Treaty of Sèvres The Treaty of Sèvres was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. Also, France, Great Britain and Italy... . In the absence of the Ottoman Parliament forced to close down in April, the sultan Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Mehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...  Vahideddin will not ratify the text.

Date	Occurrence
1920, Aug 19	Turkish Grand National Assembly proclaims not recognizing the treaty signed in Sèvres and declares having stripped the signatories of their citizenship. Indeed, all four will be included among the 150 personae non gratae of Turkey 150 personae non gratae of Turkey After the Turkish War of Independence , the newly established Republic of Turkey presented a list of 600 names to the Conference of Lausanne, which were to be declared personae non gratae. Later, a list comprising only 150 of these, put into effect by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on April...  after the war.
	Greek troops occupy Uşak Usak Uşak is a city in the interior part of the Aegean Region of Turkey. The city has a population of 180,414 and is the capital of Uşak Province. The mayor is Ali Erdoğan ....  and Afyonkarahisar Afyonkarahisar Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. Afyon is in mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. Elevation... , the key cities of the western Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey... n inland.
1920, Oct 22	In the south, French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Saimbeyli Saimbeyli Saimbeyli is a small city and a district in Adana Province, Turkey in what was known during the Middle Ages as Cilician Armenia. The city of Saimbeyli is in the Toros mountains, 157 km north of the city of Adana, by a difficult road...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1920, Oct 25	In Athens Athens Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... , Alexander I of Greece dies, after having been bitten by a pet monkey.
1920, Nov 18	In Athens Athens Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... , Prime Minister Venizelos Eleftherios Venizelos Eleftherios Venizelos was an eminent Greek revolutionary, a prominent and illustrious statesman as well as a charismatic leader in the early 20th century. Elected several times as Prime Minister of Greece and served from 1910 to 1920 and from 1928 to 1932... , architect of Greece's advance into Anatolia, loses the elections, to be replaced by a series of cabinets of lesser stature, and also paving the way for more royal involvement into politics.
1920, Dec 02	Signature of the Treaty of Gümrü (Treaty of Alexandropol Treaty of Alexandropol The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ending the Turkish-Armenian War, signed on December 2, 1920, before the declaration of the Republic of Turkey. It was the first treaty signed by Turkish... ), between Turkey, as represented by the Turkish Grand National Assembly, and Armenia.

1921

Date	Occurrence
1921, Jan 09	First Battle of İnönü First Battle of Inönü The First Battle of İnönü took place between 9 and 11 January 1921 near İnönü in present-day Eskişehir Province, Turkey during the Greco-Turkish War , part of Turkish War of Independence...  between Turkish and Greek forces. The battle lasts three days and ends with a victory for the Turkish troops under İsmet Pasha's command (later İsmet İnönü Ismet Inönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" .-Family and early life:...  in reference to the two battles).
1921, Jan 25	Allies gather in Paris and decide to convene Greek and Turkish Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...  (both Ottoman Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...  and Ankara Ankara Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....  governments) representatives to a conference in London to discuss possible modifications of clauses of the Treaty of Sèvres Treaty of Sèvres The Treaty of Sèvres was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. Also, France, Great Britain and Italy... .
1921, Feb 08	Antep surrenders to French forces after 384 days of fighting. The same day, the Turkish Grand National Assembly will re-name the city Gaziantep Gaziantep Gaziantep , Ottoman Turkish: Ayintab) previously and still informally called Antep; ʻayn tāb is a city in southeast Turkey and amongst the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. The city is located 185 kilometres northeast of Adana and 127 kilometres by road north of Aleppo, Syria... .
1921, Feb 21	The conference on a revisal of the Treaty of Sèvres opens in London. It will last until March 12. The Ottoman grand vizier Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmed Tevfik Pasha was the last Ottoman grand vizier. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha held office four times, from 13 April 1909 to 5 May 1909 under Abdulhamid II, and then under Mehmed V Reşad...  leaves the right to speak to the representatives from Ankara. The proposals of the conference will not be accepted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
1921, Mar 07	French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Kadirli Kadirli Kadirli , is a town and district of Osmaniye Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is located in the Çukurova plain, from the large city of Osmaniye...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1921, Mar 16	Signature of the Treaty of Moscow Treaty of Moscow (1921) The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Bolshevist Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, signed on 16 March 1921... , a friendship agreement between Soviet Union and Turkey, as represented by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
1921, Mar 07	In the south, French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Feke Feke Feke is a small city and a district in Adana Province of Turkey, 122 km from the city of Adana, 620m above sea-level, a small town on attractive forested mountainside...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1921, Mar 26	Second Battle of İnönü Second Battle of Inönü The Second Battle of İnönü was fought between 26 and 31 March 1921 near İnönü in present-day Eskişehir Province, Turkey during the Greco-Turkish War , part of Turkish War of Independence...  between Turkish and Greek forces. The battle lasts five days and ends with a victory for the Turkish troops under İsmet Pasha's command (later İsmet İnönü Ismet Inönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" .-Family and early life:...  in reference to the two battles).
1921, Mar 07	In the south, French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Düziçi Düziçi Düziçi is a town and district of Osmaniye Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is located in a small plain in the foothills of the Nur Mountains and 440 m above the sea level....  and Bahçe Bahçe Bahçe is a rural district and town of Osmaniye Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is located in the Nur Mountains area.-Notable natives:* Devlet Bahçeli, politician and chairman of the Nationalist Movement Party -External links:* *...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1921, Mar 09	Signature of the Cilicia Peace Treaty Cilicia Peace Treaty Cilicia Peace Treaty was signed between France and the Turkish national movement to end the fighting in Cilicia war. The treaty did not achieve the intended goals. It was replaced with Treaty of Ankara...  in London between the Turkish (Ankara government) foreign minister Bekir Sami Kunduh Bekir Sami Kunduh Bekir Sami Kunduh was a Turkish politician of Ossetian origin. He served as the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. He was in office during 1920-1921....  and the French Prime Minister Aristide Briand Aristide Briand Aristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.- Early life :... . The French agree to evacuate Cilicia and announce their decision in the region, starting a mass movement of the Armenian minority, this time outwards. The treaty will be replaced by the Accord of Ankara, adopting the same principles but differing on technicalities.
1921, Apr 01	French occupation troops are forced to evacuate Karaisalı Karaisali Karaisalı is a small city and a district in Adana Province of Turkey, administratively a part of the Metropolitan Municipality of Adana.The area contains the reservoirs of Çatalan and Nergizlik...  faced to the resistance and assaults of the Turkish Revolutionaries.
1921, Jun 09	Former minister of France, Franklin Bouillon, arrives in Ankara, in quality of unofficial but direct representative of the French Prime Minister Aristide Briand Aristide Briand Aristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.- Early life :... , to discuss on possible issues from the stalemate Stalemate Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal moves. A stalemate ends the game in a draw. Stalemate is covered in the rules of chess....  of the Cilicia War.
1921, Jun 21	In İnebolu Inebolu İnebolu is a town and district of the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is from Istanbul by road and north of Kastamonu. It is a typical Black Sea port town with many fine examples of traditional domestic architecture. According to the 2000 census, population of the... , battleship Kilkis Greek Battleship Kilkis Kilkis was a 13,000 ton Mississippi-class battleship originally built by the US Navy in 1904–1908. The Greek Navy purchased the ship in 1914, along with her sister , renamed Limnos. Kilkis was named for the Battle of Kilkis-Lahanas, a crucial engagement of the Second Balkan War...  and destroyer Panthir Greek destroyer Panthir Panthir served in the Hellenic Royal Navy from 1912–1946.The ship, along with her three sister ships of Wild Beast class destroyers Aetos, Ierax and Leon, was ordered from England. They were purchased ready for delivery, each for the sum of £148,000 from the English shipyards Camell Laird in...  of the Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy The Hellenic Navy is the naval force of Greece, part of the Greek Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy has its roots in the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence...  bomb the port and the warehouses. Shelling will be repeated, less intensely, on August 30. Mustafa Kemal Pasha's words, "My eyes are on the Sakarya and my ears in İnebolu!", summarize İnebolu's importance for the Turkish war effort, as center for the forwarding of arms and supplies into inner Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey... . İnebolu will become one of the two cities in Turkey to receive the Turkish Medal of Independence Turkish Medal of Independence Medal of Independence was a special military decoration issued in limited number by Grand National Assembly of Turkey in accordance with the Act 66 of November 29, 1920. It was awarded to military personnel and civilians, who had made important contributions to the country during the Turkish War...  after the war (the other city is Kahramanmaraş Kahramanmaras -Industry:Kahramanmaraş's industry is mainly based on textile and ice cream. Kahramanmaraş is one of the biggest textile industry cities of Turkey. Companies like Kipaş, İskur, Arsan and Bozkurt are one of the richest companies in the city... ).
1921, Jun 21	the French troops depart from Zonguldak Zonguldak Zonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its population, according to the 2009 census, was 108,792. It is an important port on the Black Sea because of the coal mining in Zonguldak Province...  for good, and the foreign occupation or control of the coal mining Coal mining The goal of coal mining is to obtain coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United States,...  region of the western Black Sea coasts of Turkey comes to an end, to the relief of Ankara.
1921, Aug 04	Mustafa Kemal Pasha is made Commander-in-Chief Commander-in-Chief A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...  by vote of the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
	Battle of Sakarya Battle of Sakarya The Battle of Sakarya , also known as the Battle of the Sangarios , was an important engagement in the Greco-Turkish War and Turkish War of Independence....  between Turkish and Greek forces. The battle lasts till September 13 and ends with a Turkish victory.
1921, Oct 13	Signature of the Treaty of Kars Treaty of Kars The Treaty of Kars was a "friendship" treaty signed in Kars on October 13, 1921 and ratified in Yerevan on September 11 1922.Signatories included representatives from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which in 1923 would declare the Republic of Turkey, and also from Soviet Armenia, Soviet... , between the three republics of the Caucasus Caucasus The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...  (Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to... , Georgia Georgia (country) Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...  and Armenia Armenia Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia... ) and Turkey, as represented by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
1921, Oct 20	Signature of Accord of Ankara between France and Turkey, as represented by the Turkish Grand National Assembly, putting an end to the Cilicia War and preparing the ground for the evacuation of French troops from the southern front.
1921, Nov 15	French troops evacuate Islahiye Islahiye Islahiye is a town and district of Gaziantep Province in southeastern Turkey. It is a railway border crossing into Syria.The train station of Islahiye is the last stop on the railway to Damascus in Syria... .
1921, Dec 07	The British troops evacuate Kilis Kilis Kilis is a city in south-central Turkey on the border with Syria and capital of Kilis Province.- History and Population :Kilis was part of the vilayet of Aleppo of the Ottoman Empire until the First World War when it was given to Turkey and had a mixed population of Circassians, Turkomans and Arabs...  that had been under British administration since three years.
1921, Dec 25	French troops evacuate Gaziantep Gaziantep Gaziantep , Ottoman Turkish: Ayintab) previously and still informally called Antep; ʻayn tāb is a city in southeast Turkey and amongst the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. The city is located 185 kilometres northeast of Adana and 127 kilometres by road north of Aleppo, Syria... .
1921, Dec 27	French troops evacuate Tarsus Tarsus (city) Tarsus is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a population of 2.75 million... .

1922

Date	Occurrence
1922, Jan 03	French troops evacuate Mersin Mersin -Mersin today:Today, Mersin is a large city spreading out along the coast, with Turkey's second tallest skyscraper , huge hotels, an opera house, expensive real estate near the sea or up in the hills, and many other modern urban... .
1922, Jan 05	French troops evacuate Adana Adana Adana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia... , Ceyhan Ceyhan Ceyhan is a city in southeast Turkey and with 105,000 inhabitants it is the second largest city of Adana Province after the capital Adana. Ceyhan is the transportation hub for Middle Eastern, Central Asian and Russian oil and natural gas. It is situated on the Ceyhan River, from which it takes...  and Tarsus Tarsus (city) Tarsus is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a population of 2.75 million... .
1922, Jan 07	French troops evacuate Osmaniye Osmaniye -External links:... .
1922, Jan 03	French troops evacuate Dörtyol Dörtyol Dörtyol is a port city and oil terminus at the head of the Gulf of İskenderun, near the easternmost point of the Mediterranean coast. Dörtyol is located 26 km north of the city of Iskenderun in the province of Hatay in southeastern Turkey.-Geography:...  which will be the frontier with the Republic of Hatay Republic of Hatay Hatay State , also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from September 7, 1938 to June 29, 1939 in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The State was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province on...  for 17 years, till its adhesion to Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...  in 1939 to form the present-day Hatay Province Hatay Province Hatay Province is a province in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast. It is bordered by Syria to the south and east and the Turkish provinces of Adana and Osmaniye to the north. The province is part of Çukurova, a geographical, economical and cultural region that covers the provinces of... .
	Battle of Dumlupınar Battle of Dumlupinar The Battle of Dumlupınar Muharebesi or Başkumandanlık Meydan Muharebesi; literally "All-out battle of Supreme military commands") was the last battle in the Greco-Turkish War...  between Turkish and Greek forces. The next day, Turkish troops re-capture Afyonkarahisar Afyonkarahisar Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. Afyon is in mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. Elevation...  while in the north, İznik Iznik İznik is a city in Turkey which is primarily known as the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea, the first and seventh Ecumenical councils in the early history of the Church, the Nicene Creed, and as the capital city of the Empire of Nicaea...  is captured for the second time and definitely. The battle lasts till August 30 ends with a Turkish victory. A rapid retreat and evacuation by the Greek army across the Western Anatolian inland begins, while the Turkish armies spring forward in a blitz.

Date	Occurrence
1922, Aug 30	Turkish troops re-capture Kütahya Kütahya Kütahya is a city in western Turkey with 212,444 inhabitants , lying on the Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Kütahya Province, inhabited by some 517 804 people... .
1922, Sep 01	Turkish troops re-capture Uşak Usak Uşak is a city in the interior part of the Aegean Region of Turkey. The city has a population of 180,414 and is the capital of Uşak Province. The mayor is Ali Erdoğan .... .
1922, Sep 02	Turkish troops re-capture Eskişehir Eskisehir Eskişehir is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. According to the 2009 census, the population of the city is 631,905. The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby... .
1922, Sep 03	Turkish troops re-capture Eşme ESME External Short Messaging Entity is a term originally coined by Aldiscon to describe an external application that connects to an SMSC to engage in the sending and/or receiving of SMS messages....  and Ödemiş Ödemis Ödemiş is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. North of Ödemiş, which is 113 km southeast of İzmir, are the ruins of Hypaiapa...  accessing Aegean Sea Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea[p] is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus...  basin.
1922, Sep 04	Turkish troops re-capture Bilecik Bilecik -External links:* http://www.eksisozluk.com/show.asp?t=bilecik%20diye%20bir%20yerin%20asl%C4%B1nda%20olmamas%C4%B1%20 Bilecik Conspiracy* http://www.bilecikaktuel.com* * http://www.voyagerbook.com/eng/iller/11/11.asp*... , the Ottoman cradles of Söğüt Sögüt Söğüt is a town and district of Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. Söğüt has an area of and borders Bilecik to the west, Gölpazarı to the north, İnhisar to the northeast, Eskişehir to the southeast, and Bozüyük to the southwest. The 2000 census put the population at 21,012 citizens,...  and Bozüyük Bozüyük Bozüyük is a town and district of Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The mayor is Ahmet Berberoğlu .-Features:Bozüyük is the biggest town in Bilecik Province... , the towns along the Gediz River Gediz River -Name:The ancient name of the river was Hermos or Hermus.The name of the river Gediz may be related to the Lydian proper name Cadys; Gediz is also the name of a town near the river's sources. The name "Gediz" may also be encountered as a male name in Turkey.-Ancient geography:The Hermos separated...  valley such as Simav Simav Simav is a town and a district of Kütahya Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. The town is located on the Simav River.-External links:* * * *... , Kula and Tire.
1922, Sep 05	Turkish troops re-capture towns along the Menderes River valley such as Nazilli Nazilli Nazilli is the second largest town in Aydın Province in the Aegean region of western Turkey, east of the city of Aydın, on the road to Denizli.- Etymology :... , Sultanhisar Sultanhisar Sultanhisar is a town and a small district of Aydın Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, 30 km east of the city of Aydın on the road to Denizli.- History :...  and Kuyucak Kuyucak Kuyucak is a town and a district of Aydın Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, from the city of Aydın on the E24 highway that connects İzmir and Denizli, east of İzmir. Kuyucak is near the larger town of Nazilli.-Geography:... , as well as Alaşehir Alasehir Alaşehir, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia , i.e. " brotherly love" is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay , at the foot of the Bozdağ... .
1922, Sep 06	Turkish troops re-capture Balıkesir Balikesir Balıkesir is the capital city of Balıkesir Province. Balıkesir is in the Marmara region of Turkey and has a population of 265,747 inhabitants. Old name is Karesi or Karasi.- History :... , İnegöl Inegöl İnegöl is a city in the Bursa Province of Turkey. It has a population of 287,000 . İnegöl is one of the centers of the Turkish furniture industry, and is also known for its Meatball İnegöl Köftesi, which finds its roots from pljeskavice brought to the region by Bosnian immigrants during the... , Akhisar Akhisar Akhisar is a county district and its town center in Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Western Turkey...  and Söke Söke Söke is a town and a large district of Aydın Province in the Aegean region of western Turkey, south-west of the city of Aydın, near the Aegean coast. It had 68,020 population in 2010.- Geography :...  corresponding to four separate sallies Sally -Military:*Sally , an attack by the defenders of a town or fortress under siege against a besieging force*Sally, the Allied reporting name during World War II for the Imperial Japanese Armys Mitsubishi Ki-21 bomber-Names:... .
1922, Sep 07	Turkish troops re-capture Aydın Aydin Aydın is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey's Aegean Region. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast... , its surrounding towns, Kuşadası Kusadasi Kuşadası is a resort town on Turkey's Aegean coast and the center of the seaside district of the same name in Aydın Province. Kuşadası lies at a distance of to the south from the region's largest metropolitan center of İzmir, and from the provincial seat of Aydın situated inland. Its primary...  on the shore, and Kasaba Kasaba Kasaba or Kasabaköy is a small town 17 kilometres from Kastamonu, Turkey. Its population in 1905 was about 23,000, but the village has shrunk to only a few dozen households. The town does not occupy any ancient site of importance but there is a mosque, the Mahmut Bey Camii, built by a...  (Turgutlu Turgutlu Turgutlu is a very large town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. According to the 2009 census, population of the district is 140,753 of which 115930 live in the city of Turgutlu.The district covers an area of and the city lies at an elevation of... ) and Torbalı Torbali Torbalı is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey.An ancient Ionian city, famous for its wines and religious sites, it has three sancuaries in marble dedicated to the Roman Emperor Augustus and his foster child Germanicus, in an ancient theatre which dominates the valley. Pieces of art found during...  towards İzmir. In Athens Athens Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... , Petros Protopapadakis Petros Protopapadakis -Life and work:Born in 1854 in Apeiranthos, Naxos, Protopapadakis studied mathematics and engineering in Paris but was keenly interested in politics. He was a professor at the Scholi Evelpidon, the military academy of Greece....  government demissions.
1922, Sep 08	Turkish troops re-capture Manisa Manisa Manisa is a large city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province.Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port city and the regional metropolitan center of İzmir and by its fertile hinterland rich in... , Nif NIF -Localities:* Nif, former name of the town of Kemalpaşa in western Turkey* Mount Nif, near Kemalpaşa* The River Nif in the same region, which joins the Gediz River-Organizations and other abbreviations:...  (Kemalpaşa Kemalpasa Kemalpaşa is a large town and the center of the district of the same name in İzmir Province, Turkey. Its district area extends immediately to the east of İzmir's eastern-most metropolitan district, Bornova, and Kemalpaşa town being at a distance of only from the historical and traditional center... ), within view of İzmir, and the Gulf of Edremit towns of Edremit Edremit Edremit may refer to:* Edremit , Balıkesir, Turkey* Edremit , Van, Turkey* Edremit, Turkish name for Trimithi, Northern Cyprus... , Burhaniye Burhaniye Burhaniye is a town and district of Balıkesir Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. The district is located on the Aegean coast and is known for its olive oil.Burhaniye has a port and a museum of archeology and Turkish national movement...  and Havran Havran Havran may refer to:* Havran, a district of Balıkesir Province in Turkey* A peak in the Tatra mountains, Slovakia* Havraň, a village in the Czech Republic... .
1922, Sep 09	Turkish troops re-capture İzmir Izmir Izmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey...  after nearly three and a half years.
1922, Sep 11	Turkish troops re-capture Bursa and Gemlik Gemlik Gemlik is a harbor town bordering the Sea of Marmara in Western Turkey, at approximately 29 kilometres from Bursa and not far from Istanbul. Gemlik was called Kios until 1922 when its Greek inhabitants left Asia Minor because of the population exchange. In2004, Gemlik had approximately 70,000...  in the north, as well as Foça Foça Foça is town and district in Turkey's İzmir Province.The town of Foça is situated at about north by northwest of İzmir city center. The district also has a township with own municipality named Yenifoça , also along the shore and at a distance of from Foça proper...  and Seferihisar Seferihisar Seferihisar is a coastal district and the center town of the same district in İzmir Province, in Turkey. Seferihisar district area borders on other İzmir districts of Urla to the west and Menderes to the east, and touches İzmir's western-most metropolitan district of Güzelbahçe in the north...  around İzmir.
1922, Sep 13	Great Fire of Smyrna Great Fire of Smyrna The Great Fire of Smyrna or the Catastrophe of Smyrna was a fire that destroyed much of the port city of Izmir in September 1922. Eye-witness reports state that the fire began on 13 September 1922 and lasted until it was largely extinguished on September 22...  that lasts till the September 17.
	Turkish troops re-assume control of the city of Çanakkale Çanakkale Çanakkale is a town and seaport in Turkey, in Çanakkale Province, on the southern coast of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. The population of the town is 106,116 . The mayor is Ülgür Gökhan ....  and its depending towns after almost four years, and following several days of tension of international scale, known as Chanak Crisis Chanak Crisis The Chanak Crisis, also called Chanak Affair in September 1922 was the threatened attack by Turkish troops on British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale to guard the Dardanelles neutral zone. The Turkish troops had recently defeated Greek forces and recaptured İzmir... .
1922, Oct 11	Signing of the Armistice of Mudanya Armistice of Mudanya The Armistice of Mudanya was an agreement between Turkey on the one hand, and Italy, France and Britain on the other hand, signed in the Ottoman town of Mudanya on 11 October 1922....  putting an end to the war in the field.
1922, Nov 01	Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate.
1922, Nov 17	Departure of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Mehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...  Vahideddin from Istanbul.

1923

Date	Occurrence
1923, Jan 30	In the Lausanne Conference Lausanne Conference Conferences held in Lausanne, Switzerland include the:*Lausanne Conference was the First International Congress on World Evangelization*Lausanne Conference, 1949 related to Palestinian-Jewish negotiations and the 1949 Armistice Agreements...  assembled since November 20, 1922, signature between Greek and Turkish delegations of the agreement for a Population exchange between Greece and Turkey Population exchange between Greece and Turkey The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey was based upon religious identity, and involved the Greek Orthodox citizens of Turkey and the Muslim citizens of Greece... . The Conference will then be adjourned until April 23, 1923 due to disagreements on other points.
1923, Feb 17	Opening of İzmir Economic Congress Izmir Economic Congress İzmir Economic Congress was held İzmir, Turkey between 17 February - 4 March 1923, shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence and during the interval between the two conferences that led to the Lausanne Treaty the same year... , which will last till March 4, as a forum to determine the principles of economic policy to be conducted by the new state.
1923, Jul 24	Signing of the Lausanne Treaty.
1923, Aug 23	Allied forces start evacuating Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...  in the frame of the Lausanne Treaty.
1923, Sep 09	Founding of the Republican People's Party Republican People's Party Republican People's Party may be:*Republican People's Party *Republican People's Party *Republican Popular Party See also:* Russian Republican People's Party...  (CHP CHP -Healthcare:* Oporto Hospital Centre* Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh* Community Health Partnerships* Certified Health Physicist-Politics:* Christian Heritage Party * Christian Historical Party... ).
	Last Allied troops depart from Istanbul.
1923, Oct 06	First Turkish troops enter Istanbul.
1923, Oct 29	Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey.

2000s

Date	Occurrence
Jan 13, 2006	Turkish veteran of the war, Ömer Küyük Ömer Küyük Ömer Küyük was one of the last Turkish veterans of the Turkish War of Independence .Called , he fought in the Independence War as a marksman private.... , dies at age 106.
	Turkish veteran of the war, Veysel Turan Veysel Turan Veysel Turan was one of the last Turkish veterans of the Turkish War of Independence .Taking his horse cart with from his village in Konya Province, he volunteerly joined Kuvayi Milliye under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal to fight against the Allies partitioning the Ottoman Empire after it was... , dies at age 108.
Apr 2, 2008	Turkish veteran of the war and last Turkish veteran of World War I, Yakup Satar Yakup Satar Yakup Satar was, at 110, believed to have been the last Turkish veteran of the First World War. He died at age 110.... , dies at age 110.
Nov 11, 2008	Last Turkish veteran of the war, Mustafa Şekip Birgöl Mustafa Sekip Birgöl Mustafa Şekip Birgöl , a retired Turkish colonel, was the last veteran of the Turkish War of Independence .-Biography:... , dies at age 105.

See also

• Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
  Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
  Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is a time line of events during the lifespan of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The time line also includes the background events starting with the Sultan Abdulhamid II.-See also:* Timeline of the Turkish War of Independence...