Aristide Briand
Encyclopedia
Aristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France
during the French Third Republic
and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize
.
, Loire-Atlantique of a petty bourgeois
family. He attended the Nantes Lycée, where, in 1877, he developed a close friendship with Jules Verne
. He studied law, and soon went into politics, associating himself with the most advanced movements, writing articles for the anarchist journal Le Peuple, and directing the Lanterne for some time. From this he passed to the Petite République, leaving it to found L'Humanité
, in collaboration with Jean Jaurès
.
. From that time, Briand was one of the leaders of the French Socialist Party. In 1902, after several unsuccessful attempts, he was elected deputy. He declared himself a strong partisan of the union of the Left
in what was known as the Bloc, in order to check the reactionary Deputies of the Right.
From the beginning of his career in the Chamber of Deputies
, Briand was occupied with the question of the separation of church and state
. He was appointed reporter of the commission charged with the preparation of the 1905 law on separation
, and his masterly report at once marked him out as one of the coming leaders. He succeeded in carrying his project through with but slight modifications, and without dividing the parties upon whose support he relied.
He was the principal author of the law of separation, but, not content with preparing it, he wished to apply it as well. The ministry of Maurice Rouvier
was allowing disturbances during the taking of inventories of church property, a clause of the law for which Briand was not responsible. Consequently he accepted the portfolio of Public Instruction and Worship
in the Sarrien
ministry (1906). So far as the Chamber was concerned, his success was complete. But the acceptance of a position in a bourgeois ministry led to his exclusion from the Unified Socialist Party (March 1906). As opposed to Jaurès, he contended that the Socialists should co-operate actively with the Radicals in all matters of reform, and not stand aloof to await the complete fulfillment of their ideals.
as Prime Minister in 1909, serving until 1911, and served again for a few months in 1913. In October 1915, following French defeats in the First World War, Briand again became Prime Minister, and, for the first time, Foreign Minister, succeeding René Viviani
and Théophile Delcassé
respectively. His tenure was not particularly successful, and he resigned in March 1917 as a result of disagreements over the prospective Nivelle Offensive
, to be succeeded by Alexandre Ribot
.
Briand returned to power in 1921, but his efforts to come to an agreement over reparations with the Germans failed in the wake of German intransigence, and he was succeeded by the more bellicose Raymond Poincaré
. In the wake of the Ruhr Crisis, however, Briand's more conciliatory style became more acceptable, and he returned to the Quai d'Orsay
in 1925. He would remain foreign minister until his death in 1932. During this time, he was a member of 14 cabinets, three of which he headed himself.
Briand negotiated the Briand-Ceretti Agreement
with the Vatican, giving the French government a role in the appointment of Catholic bishops.
Aristide Briand received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize
together with Gustav Stresemann
of Germany for the Locarno Treaties
(Austen Chamberlain
of the United Kingdom had received a share of the Peace Prize a year earlier for the same agreement). A 1927 proposal by Briand and United States Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg
for a universal pact outlawing war led the following year to the Pact of Paris
, aka the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
The cordial relations between Briand and Stresemann, the leading statesmen of their respective countries, were cut short by the unexpected death of Stresemann in 1929 and of Briand in 1932.
on 5 September 1929, and in 1930, who wrote his "Memorandum on the Organization of a Regime of European Federal Union" for the Government of France.
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Prime Minister of France
The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
during the French Third Republic
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
.
Early life
He was born in NantesNantes
Nantes is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the 6th largest in France, while its metropolitan area ranks 8th with over 800,000 inhabitants....
, Loire-Atlantique of a petty bourgeois
Petite bourgeoisie
Petit-bourgeois or petty bourgeois is a term that originally referred to the members of the lower middle social classes in the 18th and early 19th centuries...
family. He attended the Nantes Lycée, where, in 1877, he developed a close friendship with Jules Verne
Jules Verne
Jules Gabriel Verne was a French author who pioneered the science fiction genre. He is best known for his novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea , A Journey to the Center of the Earth , and Around the World in Eighty Days...
. He studied law, and soon went into politics, associating himself with the most advanced movements, writing articles for the anarchist journal Le Peuple, and directing the Lanterne for some time. From this he passed to the Petite République, leaving it to found L'Humanité
L'Humanité
L'Humanité , formerly the daily newspaper linked to the French Communist Party , was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the French Section of the Workers' International...
, in collaboration with Jean Jaurès
Jean Jaurès
Jean Léon Jaurès was a French Socialist leader. Initially an Opportunist Republican, he evolved into one of the first social democrats, becoming the leader, in 1902, of the French Socialist Party, which opposed Jules Guesde's revolutionary Socialist Party of France. Both parties merged in 1905 in...
.
Activism
At the same time he was prominent in the movement for the formation of trade unions, and at the congress of working men at Nantes in 1894 he secured the adoption of the labor union idea against the adherents of Jules GuesdeJules Guesde
Jules Basile Guesde was a French socialist journalist and politician.Guesde was the inspiration for a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Shortly before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Guesde and Paul Lafargue, both of whom already claimed to represent "Marxist" principles...
. From that time, Briand was one of the leaders of the French Socialist Party. In 1902, after several unsuccessful attempts, he was elected deputy. He declared himself a strong partisan of the union of the Left
Left-wing politics
In politics, Left, left-wing and leftist generally refer to support for social change to create a more egalitarian society...
in what was known as the Bloc, in order to check the reactionary Deputies of the Right.
From the beginning of his career in the Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Deputies of France
Chamber of Deputies was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries:* 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the Lower chamber of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.*...
, Briand was occupied with the question of the separation of church and state
Separation of church and state
The concept of the separation of church and state refers to the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state....
. He was appointed reporter of the commission charged with the preparation of the 1905 law on separation
1905 French law on the separation of Church and State
The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and State was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on 9 December 1905. Enacted during the Third Republic, it established state secularism in France...
, and his masterly report at once marked him out as one of the coming leaders. He succeeded in carrying his project through with but slight modifications, and without dividing the parties upon whose support he relied.
He was the principal author of the law of separation, but, not content with preparing it, he wished to apply it as well. The ministry of Maurice Rouvier
Maurice Rouvier
Maurice Rouvier was a French statesman.He was born in Aix-en-Provence, and spent his early career in business at Marseille. He supported Léon Gambetta's candidature there in 1867, and in 1870 he founded an anti-imperial journal, L'Egalité. Becoming secretary general of the prefecture of...
was allowing disturbances during the taking of inventories of church property, a clause of the law for which Briand was not responsible. Consequently he accepted the portfolio of Public Instruction and Worship
Minister of National Education (France)
The Ministry of National Education, Youth, and Sport , or simply "Minister of National Education," as the title has changed no small number of times in the course of the Fifth Republic) is the French government cabinet member charged with running France's public educational system and with the...
in the Sarrien
Ferdinand Sarrien
Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien was a French politician of the Third Republic. He was born in Bourbon-Lancy, Saône-et-Loire and died in Paris. He headed a cabinet supported by the Bloc des gauches parliamentary majority....
ministry (1906). So far as the Chamber was concerned, his success was complete. But the acceptance of a position in a bourgeois ministry led to his exclusion from the Unified Socialist Party (March 1906). As opposed to Jaurès, he contended that the Socialists should co-operate actively with the Radicals in all matters of reform, and not stand aloof to await the complete fulfillment of their ideals.
Prime Minister of France
Briand succeeded ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau was a French statesman, physician and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. For nearly the final year of World War I he led France, and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the...
as Prime Minister in 1909, serving until 1911, and served again for a few months in 1913. In October 1915, following French defeats in the First World War, Briand again became Prime Minister, and, for the first time, Foreign Minister, succeeding René Viviani
René Viviani
Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbès, in French Algeria. In France he sought to protect the rights of socialists and trade union workers.-Biography:His...
and Théophile Delcassé
Théophile Delcassé
Théophile Delcassé was a French statesman.-Biography:He was born at Pamiers, in the Ariège département...
respectively. His tenure was not particularly successful, and he resigned in March 1917 as a result of disagreements over the prospective Nivelle Offensive
Nivelle offensive
The Nivelle Offensive was a 1917 French attack on the Western Front in the First World War. Promised as the assault that would end the war within 48 hours, with casualties expected of around 10,000 men, it failed on both counts. It was a three-stage plan:...
, to be succeeded by Alexandre Ribot
Alexandre Ribot
Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.-Biography:He was born in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais.After a brilliant academic career at the University of Paris, where he was lauréat of the faculty of law, he rapidly made his mark at the bar...
.
Briand returned to power in 1921, but his efforts to come to an agreement over reparations with the Germans failed in the wake of German intransigence, and he was succeeded by the more bellicose Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. Poincaré was a conservative leader primarily committed to political and social stability...
. In the wake of the Ruhr Crisis, however, Briand's more conciliatory style became more acceptable, and he returned to the Quai d'Orsay
Quai d'Orsay
The Quai d'Orsay is a quai in the VIIe arrondissement of Paris, part of the left bank of the Seine, and the name of the street along it. The Quai becomes the Quai Anatole France east of the Palais Bourbon, and the Quai de Branly west of the Pont de l'Alma.The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs is...
in 1925. He would remain foreign minister until his death in 1932. During this time, he was a member of 14 cabinets, three of which he headed himself.
Briand negotiated the Briand-Ceretti Agreement
Briand-Ceretti Agreement
The Briand-Ceretti Agreement is a 1926 agreement whereby French diocesan bishops are nominated by the Vatican after a process involving the French Ministries of the Interior and of Foreign Affairs....
with the Vatican, giving the French government a role in the appointment of Catholic bishops.
Aristide Briand received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
together with Gustav Stresemann
Gustav Stresemann
was a German politician and statesman who served as Chancellor and Foreign Minister during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926.Stresemann's politics defy easy categorization...
of Germany for the Locarno Treaties
Locarno Treaties
The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland, on 5 October – 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 3 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war...
(Austen Chamberlain
Austen Chamberlain
Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain, KG was a British statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize and half-brother of Neville Chamberlain.- Early life and career :...
of the United Kingdom had received a share of the Peace Prize a year earlier for the same agreement). A 1927 proposal by Briand and United States Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg
Frank B. Kellogg
Frank Billings Kellogg was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State. He co-authored the Kellogg-Briand Pact, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1929..- Biography :Kellogg was born in Potsdam, New York, and his family...
for a universal pact outlawing war led the following year to the Pact of Paris
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg–Briand Pact was an agreement signed on August 27, 1928, by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Weimar Germany and a number of other countries.The pact renounced war , prohibiting the use of war...
, aka the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
The cordial relations between Briand and Stresemann, the leading statesmen of their respective countries, were cut short by the unexpected death of Stresemann in 1929 and of Briand in 1932.
European union
Briand is noted as among the first to propose a union of European nations, in a speech in favor of a European Union in the League of NationsLeague of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
on 5 September 1929, and in 1930, who wrote his "Memorandum on the Organization of a Regime of European Federal Union" for the Government of France.
Briand's first Government, 24 July 1909 – 3 November 1910
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior and Worship
- Stéphen PichonStéphen PichonStéphen Pichon was a French politician of the Third Republic. He served as French Minister to China , including the period of the Boxer Uprising...
– Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean Brun – Minister of War
- Georges CocheryGeorges CocheryGeorges Charles Paul Cochery was the son of Louis-Adolphe Cochery.He was deputy of his father's département of the Loiret from 1879 till 1885, deputy from 1885, five times president of the Budget Commission, minister of finance and vice-president of the chamber , and again finance minister in the...
– Minister of Finance - René VivianiRené VivianiJean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbès, in French Algeria. In France he sought to protect the rights of socialists and trade union workers.-Biography:His...
– Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions - Louis BarthouLouis BarthouJean Louis Barthou was a French politician of the Third Republic.-Early years:He was born in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and served as Deputy from that constituency. He was an authority on trade union history and law. Barthou was Prime Minister in 1913, and held ministerial office...
– Minister of Justice - Auguste Boué de LapeyrèreAugustin Boué de LapeyrèreAugustin Manuel Hubert Gaston Boué de Lapeyrère was a French admiral during World War I. He was a strong proponent of naval reform, and is comparable to Admiral Jackie Fisher of the British Royal Navy.-Biography:...
– Minister of Marine - Gaston DoumergueGaston DoumerguePierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue was a French politician of the Third Republic.Doumergue came from a Protestant family. Beginning as a Radical, he turned more towards the political right in his old age. He served as Prime Minister from 9 December 1913 to 2 June 1914...
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - Joseph Ruau – Minister of Agriculture
- Georges Trouillot – Minister of Colonies
- Alexandre MillerandAlexandre MillerandAlexandre Millerand was a French socialist politician. He was President of France from 23 September 1920 to 11 June 1924 and Prime Minister of France 20 January to 23 September 1920...
– Minister of Public Works, Posts, and Telegraphs - Jean DupuyJean Dupuy (politician)Jean Dupuy - 31 December 1919, Paris) was a French politician and media owner.-Life:A huissier by profession, he practised in Paris and quickly became interested in the press and in politics, taking over leadership of Le Petit Parisien on the death of Paul Piégut in 1888...
– Minister of Commerce and Industry
Briand's second Government, 3 November 1910 – 2 March 1911
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior and Worship
- Stéphen PichonStéphen PichonStéphen Pichon was a French politician of the Third Republic. He served as French Minister to China , including the period of the Boxer Uprising...
– Minister of Foreign Affairs - Jean Brun – Minister of War
- Louis Lucien Klotz – Minister of Finance
- Louis Lafferre – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- Théodore Girard – Minister of Justice
- Auguste Boué de LapeyrèreAugustin Boué de LapeyrèreAugustin Manuel Hubert Gaston Boué de Lapeyrère was a French admiral during World War I. He was a strong proponent of naval reform, and is comparable to Admiral Jackie Fisher of the British Royal Navy.-Biography:...
– Minister of Marine - Maurice FaureMaurice FaureMaurice Faure at Azerat, Dordogne is a former member of the French Resistance and a former minister in several French governments....
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - Maurice RaynaudMaurice RaynaudA. G. Maurice Raynaud , is the French doctor who discovered Raynaud's Disease, a rare vasopastic disorder which contracts blood vessels in extremities and is the "R" in the CREST syndrome acronym, in the late 19th century.-Life and career :...
– Minister of Agriculture - Jean Morel – Minister of Colonies
- Louis PuechLouis PuechLouis Puech was a député of the French Third Republic and Minister of Public Works in the second government of Aristide Briand from 3 November 1910 to 24 February 1911. During his 30 years in office he was inscribed with the group of Républicains de gauche...
– Minister of Public Works, Posts, and Telegraphs - Jean DupuyJean Dupuy (politician)Jean Dupuy - 31 December 1919, Paris) was a French politician and media owner.-Life:A huissier by profession, he practised in Paris and quickly became interested in the press and in politics, taking over leadership of Le Petit Parisien on the death of Paul Piégut in 1888...
– Minister of Commerce and Industry
Changes
- 23 February 1911 – Briand succeeds Brun as interim Minister of War.
Briand's third and fourth Governments, 21 January – 22 March 1913
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior
- Charles JonnartCharles JonnartCharles Célestin Auguste Jonnart was a French politician.Born into a bourgeois family in Fléchin, Pas-de-Calais, Charles Jonnart was educated at Saint-Omer, then in Paris. Interested in the Algeria that he had visited as a young man, he was appointed in 1881 by Léon Gambetta to the office of...
– Minister of Foreign Affairs - Eugène Étienne – Minister of War
- Louis Lucien Klotz – Minister of Finance
- René Besnard – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- Louis BarthouLouis BarthouJean Louis Barthou was a French politician of the Third Republic.-Early years:He was born in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and served as Deputy from that constituency. He was an authority on trade union history and law. Barthou was Prime Minister in 1913, and held ministerial office...
– Minister of Justice - Pierre Baudin – Minister of Marine
- Théodore SteegThéodore SteegThéodore Steeg was a French politician of the Third Republic, deputy of the Seine from 1906 to 1914 and senator of the same department from 1914 to 1940....
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - Fernand DavidFernand DavidFernand David was the French Minister of Agriculture from 21 January 1913 to 22 March 1913.-References:...
– Minister of Agriculture - Jean Morel – Minister of Colonies
- Jean DupuyJean Dupuy (politician)Jean Dupuy - 31 December 1919, Paris) was a French politician and media owner.-Life:A huissier by profession, he practised in Paris and quickly became interested in the press and in politics, taking over leadership of Le Petit Parisien on the death of Paul Piégut in 1888...
– Minister of Public Works, Posts, and Telegraphs - Gabriel Guist'hauGabriel Guist'hauGabriel Guist'hau, was a French politician .Guist'hau left Réunion for Nantes to study law there, and was elected the mayor of Nantes in 1908. He went on to become a deputy to the Assemblée nationale from 1910 to 1924...
– Minister of Commerce and Industry
Briand's fifth Government, 29 October 1915 – 12 December 1916
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Joseph GalliéniJoseph GallieniJoseph Simon Gallieni was a French soldier, most active as a military commander and administrator in the French colonies and finished his career during the First World War. He was made Marshal of France posthumously in 1921...
– Minister of War - Louis MalvyLouis MalvyLouis-Jean Malvy was the Interior Minister of France in 1914.-Biography:He was born on December 1, 1875 in Figeac in 1875. He was a member of the Radical Party and served in the Chamber of Deputies in 1906....
– Minister of the Interior - Alexandre RibotAlexandre RibotAlexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.-Biography:He was born in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais.After a brilliant academic career at the University of Paris, where he was lauréat of the faculty of law, he rapidly made his mark at the bar...
– Minister of Finance - Albert Métin – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- René VivianiRené VivianiJean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbès, in French Algeria. In France he sought to protect the rights of socialists and trade union workers.-Biography:His...
– Minister of Justice - Lucien Lacaze – Minister of Marine
- Paul PainlevéPaul PainlevéPaul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris....
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - Jules MélineJules MélineFélix Jules Méline was a French statesman, prime minister from 1896 to 1898.-Biography:Méline was born at Remiremont. Having taken up law as his profession, he was chosen a deputy in 1872, and in 1879 he was for a short time under-secretary to the minister of the interior...
– Minister of Agriculture - Gaston DoumergueGaston DoumerguePierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue was a French politician of the Third Republic.Doumergue came from a Protestant family. Beginning as a Radical, he turned more towards the political right in his old age. He served as Prime Minister from 9 December 1913 to 2 June 1914...
– Minister of Colonies - Marcel Sembat – Minister of Public Works
- Étienne Clémentel – Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
- Léon BourgeoisLéon Bourgeois-Biography:He was born in Paris, and was trained in law. After holding a subordinate office in the department of public works, he became successively prefect of the Tarn and the Haute-Garonne , and then returned to Paris to enter the ministry of the interior...
– Minister of State - Denys CochinDenys CochinBaron Denys Marie Pierre Augustin Cochin was a French writer and Catholic right-wing politician.Denys Cochin was the son of the baron Augustin Cochin, also a politician and writer...
– Minister of State - Émile CombesÉmile CombesÉmile Combes was a French statesman who led the Bloc des gauches's cabinet from June 1902 – January 1905.-Biography:Émile Combes was born in Roquecourbe, Tarn. He studied for the priesthood, but abandoned the idea before ordination. His anti-clericalism would later lead him into becoming a...
– Minister of State - Charles de FreycinetCharles de FreycinetCharles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet was a French statesman and Prime Minister during the Third Republic; he belonged to the Opportunist Republicans faction. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in 1890, the fourteen member to occupy seat the Académie française.-Early years:He...
– Minister of State - Jules GuesdeJules GuesdeJules Basile Guesde was a French socialist journalist and politician.Guesde was the inspiration for a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Shortly before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Guesde and Paul Lafargue, both of whom already claimed to represent "Marxist" principles...
– Minister of State
Changes
- 15 November 1915 – Paul PainlevéPaul PainlevéPaul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris....
becomes Minister of Inventions for the National Defense in addition to being Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts. - 16 March 1916 – Pierre Auguste Roques succeeds Galliéni as Minister of War
Briand's sixth Government, 12 December 1916 – 20 March 1917
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Hubert LyauteyHubert LyauteyLouis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey was a French Army general, the first Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925 and from 1921 Marshal of France.-Early life:...
– Minister of War - Albert Thomas – Minister of Armaments and War Manufacturing
- Louis MalvyLouis MalvyLouis-Jean Malvy was the Interior Minister of France in 1914.-Biography:He was born on December 1, 1875 in Figeac in 1875. He was a member of the Radical Party and served in the Chamber of Deputies in 1906....
– Minister of the Interior - Alexandre RibotAlexandre RibotAlexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.-Biography:He was born in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais.After a brilliant academic career at the University of Paris, where he was lauréat of the faculty of law, he rapidly made his mark at the bar...
– Minister of Finance - Étienne Clémentel – Minister of Commerce, Industry, Labour, Social Security Provisions, Agriculture, Posts, and Telegraphs
- René VivianiRené VivianiJean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbès, in French Algeria. In France he sought to protect the rights of socialists and trade union workers.-Biography:His...
– Minister of Justice, Public Instruction, and Fine Arts - Lucien Lacaze – Minister of Marine
- Édouard HerriotÉdouard HerriotÉdouard Marie Herriot was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies....
– Minister of Supply, Public Works, and Transport - Gaston DoumergueGaston DoumerguePierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue was a French politician of the Third Republic.Doumergue came from a Protestant family. Beginning as a Radical, he turned more towards the political right in his old age. He served as Prime Minister from 9 December 1913 to 2 June 1914...
– Minister of Colonies
Changes
- 15 March 1917 – Lucien Lacaze succeeds Lyautey as interim Minister of War.
Briand's seventh Government, 16 January 1921 – 15 January 1922
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Louis BarthouLouis BarthouJean Louis Barthou was a French politician of the Third Republic.-Early years:He was born in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and served as Deputy from that constituency. He was an authority on trade union history and law. Barthou was Prime Minister in 1913, and held ministerial office...
– Minister of War - Pierre MarraudPierre MarraudPierre Marraud was a French politician born in Port-Sainte-Marie, Lot-et-Garonne, 8 January 1861, died in Paris 13.*Préfet in 1900, Councillor of State, commissaire du gouvernement at the end of the First World War until becoming prefect of in 1918.*Senator for Lot-et-Garonne from 1920 to...
– Minister of the Interior - Paul DoumerPaul DoumerJoseph Athanase Paul Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer was the President of France from 13 June 1931 until his assassination.-Biography:...
– Minister of Finance - Charles Daniel-Vincent – Minister of Labour
- Laurent BonnevayLaurent BonnevayLaurent Bonnevay was a radical centrist French politician during the Third and Fourth Republics, first member of the Republican Federation and then of the Independent Radicals center-right group....
– Minister of Justice - Gabriel Guist'hauGabriel Guist'hauGabriel Guist'hau, was a French politician .Guist'hau left Réunion for Nantes to study law there, and was elected the mayor of Nantes in 1908. He went on to become a deputy to the Assemblée nationale from 1910 to 1924...
– Minister of Marine - Léon BérardLéon BérardLéon Bérard was a French politician and lawyer.He was Minister of Public Instruction in 1919 and from 1921 to 1924, and Minister of Justice from 1931 to 1932 and was elected to the Académie française in 1934.Bérard was the Ambassador from Vichy France to the Holy See from 1940 to 1945.-Léon Bérard...
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - André MaginotAndré MaginotAndré Maginot was a French civil servant, soldier, and Member of Parliament. He is undoubtedly best known for his advocacy for the string of forts that would be known as the Maginot Line.- Early years, to World War I :...
– Minister of War Pensions, Grants, and Allowances - Edmond Lefebvre du PreyEdmond Lefebvre du PreyEdmond Lefebvre du Prey was a French politician of the Third Republic....
– Minister of Agriculture - Albert SarrautAlbert SarrautAlbert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.Sarraut was born in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1919....
– Minister of Colonies - Yves Le Trocquer – Minister of Public Works
- Georges LereduGeorges LereduGeorge Leredu , lawyer, was mayor of Franconville-la-Garenne from 1908 to 1919, deputy from 1914 to 1927 then senator until 1936. He was Minister for Health after having been a Secretary of State of the Liberated Regions during a few months from February 19, 1920.-External links: Georges Leredu...
– Minister of Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions - Lucien Dior – Minister of Commerce and Industry
- Louis LoucheurLouis LoucheurLouis Loucheur was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Independent Radicals.-Life:Coming from a background in the arms industry, Loucheur became Minister of Munitions in...
– Minister of Liberated Regions
Briand's eighth Government, 28 November 1925 – 9 March 1926
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Paul PainlevéPaul PainlevéPaul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris....
– Minister of War - Camille ChautempsCamille ChautempsCamille Chautemps was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council .-Career:Described as "intellectually bereft", Chautemps nevertheless entered politics and became Mayor of Tours in 1912, and a Radical deputy in 1919...
– Minister of the Interior - Louis LoucheurLouis LoucheurLouis Loucheur was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Independent Radicals.-Life:Coming from a background in the arms industry, Loucheur became Minister of Munitions in...
– Minister of Finance - Antoine Durafour – Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
- René RenoultRené RenoultRené Renoult was a French Minister and lawyer.Renoult is the son of Étienne and Élisa Geranger, a female day laborer. He studied at the Faculty of Law in Paris and obtained his doctorate in 1888...
– Minister of Justice - Georges LeyguesGeorges LeyguesGeorges Leygues was a French politician of the Third Republic. During his time as Minister of Marine he worked with the navy's chief of staff Henri Salaun in unsuccessful attempts to gain naval re-armament priority for government funding over army rearmament such as the Maginot Line.He was born...
– Minister of Marine - Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - Paul Jourdain – Minister of Pensions
- Jean Durand – Minister of Agriculture
- Léon Perrier – Minister of Colonies
- Anatole de MonzieAnatole de MonzieAnatole de Monzie was a French administrator, encyclopaedist , political figure and scholar. His father was a tax collector in Bazas, Gironde where Anatole - a name he disliked from an early age - was born in 1876...
– Minister of Public Works - Charles Daniel-Vincent – Minister of Commerce and Industry
Changes
- 16 December 1925 – Paul DoumerPaul DoumerJoseph Athanase Paul Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer was the President of France from 13 June 1931 until his assassination.-Biography:...
succeeds Loucheur as Minister of Finance.
Briand's ninth Government, 9 March – 23 June 1926
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Paul PainlevéPaul PainlevéPaul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris....
– Minister of War - Louis MalvyLouis MalvyLouis-Jean Malvy was the Interior Minister of France in 1914.-Biography:He was born on December 1, 1875 in Figeac in 1875. He was a member of the Radical Party and served in the Chamber of Deputies in 1906....
– Minister of the Interior - Raoul PéretRaoul PéretRaoul Adolphe Péret was a French lawyer and politician.-Biography:Raoul Péret was born in Châtellerault , son of a magistrate. He followed his father into the law, becoming an advocate at the Court of Cassation in Paris. In 1893 he served as an aide to Justice Minister Eugène Guérin...
– Minister of Finance - Antoine Durafour – Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
- Pierre LavalPierre LavalPierre Laval was a French politician. He was four times President of the council of ministers of the Third Republic, twice consecutively. Following France's Armistice with Germany in 1940, he served twice in the Vichy Regime as head of government, signing orders permitting the deportation of...
– Minister of Justice - Georges LeyguesGeorges LeyguesGeorges Leygues was a French politician of the Third Republic. During his time as Minister of Marine he worked with the navy's chief of staff Henri Salaun in unsuccessful attempts to gain naval re-armament priority for government funding over army rearmament such as the Maginot Line.He was born...
– Minister of Marine - Lucien LamoureuxLucien LamoureuxLucien Lamoureux, PC, OC was a Canadian politician and Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons from 1966 to 1974...
– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts - Paul Jourdain – Minister of Pensions
- Jean Durand – Minister of Agriculture
- Léon Perrier – Minister of Colonies
- Anatole de MonzieAnatole de MonzieAnatole de Monzie was a French administrator, encyclopaedist , political figure and scholar. His father was a tax collector in Bazas, Gironde where Anatole - a name he disliked from an early age - was born in 1876...
– Minister of Public Works - Charles Daniel-Vincent – Minister of Commerce and Industry
Changes
- 10 April 1926 – Jean Durand succeeds Malvy as Minister of the Interior. François Binet succeeds Durand as Minister of Agriculture.
Briand's tenth Government, 23 June – 19 July 1926
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Adolphe GuillaumatAdolphe GuillaumatMarie Louis Adolphe Guillaumat was a French Army general during World War I.-Early years:Adolphe Guillaumat graduated first from his class of 1884 at the Saint-Cyr military academy....
– Minister of War - Jean Durand – Minister of the Interior
- Joseph CaillauxJoseph CaillauxJoseph-Marie–Auguste Caillaux was a major French politician of the Third Republic. The leader of the Radicals, he favored a policy of conciliation with Germany during his premiership from 1911 to 1912, which led to the maintenance of the peace during the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911...
– Minister of Finance - Antoine Durafour – Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions
- Pierre LavalPierre LavalPierre Laval was a French politician. He was four times President of the council of ministers of the Third Republic, twice consecutively. Following France's Armistice with Germany in 1940, he served twice in the Vichy Regime as head of government, signing orders permitting the deportation of...
– Minister of Justice - Georges LeyguesGeorges LeyguesGeorges Leygues was a French politician of the Third Republic. During his time as Minister of Marine he worked with the navy's chief of staff Henri Salaun in unsuccessful attempts to gain naval re-armament priority for government funding over army rearmament such as the Maginot Line.He was born...
– Minister of Marine - Bertrand Nogaro – Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
- Paul Jourdain – Minister of Pensions
- François Binet – Minister of Agriculture
- Léon Perrier – Minister of Colonies
- Charles Daniel-Vincent – Minister of Public Works
- Fernand Chapsal – Minister of Commerce and Industry
Briand's eleventh Government, 29 July – 3 November 1929
- Aristide Briand – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Paul PainlevéPaul PainlevéPaul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris....
– Minister of WarMinister of Defence (France)The Minister of Defense and Veterans Affairs is the French government cabinet member charged with running the military of France.... - André TardieuAndré TardieuAndré Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu was three times Prime Minister of France and a dominant figure of French political life in 1929-1932.-Biography:...
– Minister of the InteriorMinister of the Interior (France)The Minister of the Interior in France is one of the most important governmental cabinet positions, responsible for the following:* The general interior security of the country, with respect to criminal acts or natural catastrophes... - Henry Chéron – Minister of FinanceMinister of the Economy, Finance and Industry (France)The Minister for the Economy, Industry and Employment , or Minister of Finance for short, is one of the most prominent positions in the cabinet of France after the Prime Minister....
- Louis LoucheurLouis LoucheurLouis Loucheur was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Independent Radicals.-Life:Coming from a background in the arms industry, Loucheur became Minister of Munitions in...
– Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions - Louis BarthouLouis BarthouJean Louis Barthou was a French politician of the Third Republic.-Early years:He was born in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and served as Deputy from that constituency. He was an authority on trade union history and law. Barthou was Prime Minister in 1913, and held ministerial office...
– Minister of JusticeMinister of Justice (France)The Ministry of Justice is controlled by the French Minister of Justice , a top-level cabinet position in the French government. The current Minister of Justice is Michel Mercier... - Georges LeyguesGeorges LeyguesGeorges Leygues was a French politician of the Third Republic. During his time as Minister of Marine he worked with the navy's chief of staff Henri Salaun in unsuccessful attempts to gain naval re-armament priority for government funding over army rearmament such as the Maginot Line.He was born...
– Minister of Marine - Laurent EynacLaurent EynacLaurent Eynac was a French politician who was appointed Minister of Transportation on 7 June 1935 until 24 January 1936.He was born in Le Monastier-sur-Gazeille, Haute-Loire.-References:...
– Minister of AirMinister of Air (France)From 1928-1947, the Minister of Air was, in the Government of France , the cabinet member in charge of the French Air Force... - Pierre MarraudPierre MarraudPierre Marraud was a French politician born in Port-Sainte-Marie, Lot-et-Garonne, 8 January 1861, died in Paris 13.*Préfet in 1900, Councillor of State, commissaire du gouvernement at the end of the First World War until becoming prefect of in 1918.*Senator for Lot-et-Garonne from 1920 to...
– Minister of Public InstructionMinister of National Education (France)The Ministry of National Education, Youth, and Sport , or simply "Minister of National Education," as the title has changed no small number of times in the course of the Fifth Republic) is the French government cabinet member charged with running France's public educational system and with the...
and Fine ArtsMinister of Culture (France)The Minister of Culture is, in the Government of France, the cabinet member in charge of national museums and monuments; promoting and protecting the arts in France and abroad; and managing the national archives and regional "maisons de culture"... - Louis Antériou – Minister of Pensions
- Jean HennessyJean HennessyJean Patrick Hennessy was a French politician.Hennessy was born at Cherves-Richemont in the Charente département, son of Maurice Hennessy and his wife Jeanne, née Foussat. His very wealthy family, of Irish origin, were the proprietors of the Hennessy cognac business, now part of LVMH...
– Minister of AgricultureMinister of Agriculture (France)The Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing of France is the governmental body charged with regulation and policy, for agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food.The department is headquartered in Hotel Villeroy, at No... - André MaginotAndré MaginotAndré Maginot was a French civil servant, soldier, and Member of Parliament. He is undoubtedly best known for his advocacy for the string of forts that would be known as the Maginot Line.- Early years, to World War I :...
– Minister of ColoniesMinister of Overseas FranceThe Minister of Overseas France is a cabinet member in the Government of France responsible for overseeing French overseas departments and territories .The position is currently held by Brice Hortefeux, who is also the Minister of the Interior... - Pierre Forgeot – Minister of Public WorksMinister of Public Works (France)The Minister of Public Works was a cabinet member in the Government of France. Formerly known as "Ministre des Travaux Publics" , in 1870, it was largely subsumed by the position of Minister of Transportation. Since the 1960s, the positions of Minister of Public Works has reappeared, often...
- Georges Bonnefous – Minister of Commerce and Industry