Prince of Asturias Awards
Encyclopedia
The Prince of Asturias Awards are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

 by the Prince of Asturias Foundation to individuals, entities or organizations from around the world who make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, and public affairs.

The prize was established on 24 September 1980 by the Prince of Asturias
Prince of Asturias
Prince of Asturias is the historical title given to the heir to the Spanish throne. It was also the title under the earlier Kingdom of Castile. The current Prince of Asturias is Felipe, son of King Juan Carlos of Spain and Queen Sofía...

, heir to the throne of Spain, "to consolidate links between the Principality and the Prince of Asturias, and to contribute to encouraging and promoting scientific, cultural and humanistic values that form part of mankind's universal heritage." The awards are presented in Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city....

, the capital of the Principality of Asturias
Asturias
The Principality of Asturias is an autonomous community of the Kingdom of Spain, coextensive with the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages...

, at a ceremony presided by Felipe, Prince of Asturias
Felipe, Prince of Asturias
Felipe, Prince of Asturias de Borbón y de Grecia; born 30 January 1968), is the third child and only son of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía of Spain....

. A sculpture, expressly created for the prize by Spanish sculptor Joan Miró
Joan Miró
Joan Miró i Ferrà was a Spanish Catalan painter, sculptor, and ceramicist born in Barcelona.Earning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride...

, is presented yearly to the recipients of the prize.

Arts

  • 1981: Jesús López-Cobos
    Jesús López-Cobos
    Jesús López-Cobos is a Spanish conductor.López-Cobos was born in Toro, Zamora, Castile-León, Spain. He studied at Complutense University of Madrid and graduated with a degree in philosophy...

  • 1982: Pablo Serrano
  • 1983: Eusebio Sempere
    Eusebio Sempere
    Eusebio Sempere was a Spanish sculptor, painter and graphic artist whose abstract geometric works make him the most representative artist of the Kinetic art movement in Spain and one of Spain's foremost artists...

  • 1984: Orfeón Donostiarra
    Orfeón Donostiarra
    The Orfeón Donostiarra is a concert choir based in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain.-History:The choir was formed in 1897 in San Sebastián. The first music directors were Oñate, Luzuriaga and Esnaola. In June 1906 the group was awarded the Gran Prix of Paris. The next music director was Juan...

  • 1985: Antonio López García
    Antonio López García
    Antonio López García is a Spanish painter and sculptor, known for his realistic style. He is criticized by some art critics for neo-academism, but praised by others, like Robert Hughes, who consider him a master realist. His style sometimes is deemed hyperrealistic...

  • 1986: Luis García Berlanga
  • 1987: Eduardo Chillida
    Eduardo Chillida
    Eduardo Chillida Juantegui, or Eduardo Txillida Juantegi in Basque, was a Spanish Basque sculptor notable for his monumental abstract works.-Early life and career:...

  • 1988: Jorge Oteiza
    Jorge Oteiza
    Jorge Oteiza Enbil , was a Basque Spanish sculptor, painter, designer and writer, renowned for being one of the main theorists on Spanish modern art....

  • 1989: Oscar Niemeyer
    Oscar Niemeyer
    Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho is a Brazilian architect specializing in international modern architecture...

  • 1990: Antoni Tàpies
    Antoni Tàpies
    Antoni Tàpies i Puig, 1st Marquess of Tàpies is a Catalan painter. He is one of the most famous European artists of his generation. After studying law for 3 years, he devoted himself from 1943 onwards only to his painting...

  • 1991: Alfredo Kraus
    Alfredo Kraus
    Alfredo Kraus Trujillo was a distinguished Spanish tenor of partly Austrian descent, particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles...

    , José Carreras
    José Carreras
    Josep Maria Carreras i Coll , better known as José Carreras , is a Spanish Catalan tenor particularly known for his performances in the operas of Verdi and Puccini...

    , Teresa Berganza
    Teresa Berganza
    Teresa Berganza, born on March 16, 1935), is a Spanish mezzo-soprano. She is most closely associated with the roles of Rossini, Mozart, and Bizet. She is admired for her technical virtuosity, musical intelligence and beguiling stage presence.- Biography :...

    , Pilar Lorengar
    Pilar Lorengar
    Lorenza Pilar García Seta was a Spanish soprano who used the professional name Pilar Lorengar. She was best known for her interpretations of opera and the Spanish genre Zarzuela, and as a soprano she was known for her full register, a youthful timbre as well as a distinctive vibrato.Pilar was...

    , Plácido Domingo
    Plácido Domingo
    Plácido Domingo KBE , born José Plácido Domingo Embil, is a Spanish tenor and conductor known for his versatile and strong voice, possessing a ringing and dramatic tone throughout its range...

    , Montserrat Caballé
    Montserrat Caballé
    Montserrat Caballé is a Spanish operatic soprano. Although she sang a wide variety of roles, she is best known as an exponent of the bel canto repertoire, notably the works of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti and Verdi....

     and Victoria de los Ángeles
    Victoria de los Ángeles
    Victoria de los Ángeles was a Spanish Catalan operatic soprano and recitalist whose career began in the early 1940s and reached its height in the years from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. Her obituary in The Times noted that she must be counted “among the finest singers of the second half...

  • 1992: Roberto Matta
    Roberto Matta
    Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren , better known as Roberto Matta, was one of Chile's best-known painters and a seminal figure in 20th century abstract expressionist and surrealist art....

  • 1993: Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza
  • 1994: Alicia de Larrocha
    Alicia de Larrocha
    Alicia de Larrocha y de la Calle was a Spanish pianist from Catalonia. One of the great piano legends of the 20th century, Reuters called her "the greatest Spanish pianist in history", Time "one of the world's most outstanding pianists" and The Guardian "the leading Spanish pianist of her...

  • 1995: Fernando Fernán-Gómez
  • 1996: Joaquín Rodrigo
    Joaquín Rodrigo
    Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez , commonly known as Joaquín Rodrigo, was a composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Despite being nearly blind from an early age, he achieved great success...

  • 1997: Vittorio Gassmann
  • 1998: Sebastião Salgado
    Sebastião Salgado
    Sebastião Salgado is a Brazilian social documentary photographer and photojournalist.-Biography:Salgado was born on February 8, 1944 in Aimorés, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. After a somewhat itinerant childhood, Salgado initially trained as an economist, earning a master’s degree in...

  • 1999: Santiago Calatrava
    Santiago Calatrava
    Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish architect, sculptor and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zürich, Switzerland. Classed now among the elite designers of the world, he has offices in Zürich, Paris, Valencia, and New York City....

  • 2000: Barbara Hendricks
    Barbara Hendricks
    Barbara Hendricks is an African American operatic soprano and concert singer. Hendricks has lived in Europe since 1977, and in Switzerland on Lake Geneva since 1985, She is a citizen of Sweden.-Early life and education:...

  • 2001: Krzysztof Penderecki
    Krzysztof Penderecki
    Krzysztof Penderecki , born November 23, 1933 in Dębica) is a Polish composer and conductor. His 1960 avant-garde Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for string orchestra brought him to international attention, and this success was followed by acclaim for his choral St. Luke Passion. Both these...

  • 2002: Woody Allen
    Woody Allen
    Woody Allen is an American screenwriter, director, actor, comedian, jazz musician, author, and playwright. Allen's films draw heavily on literature, sexuality, philosophy, psychology, Jewish identity, and the history of cinema...

  • 2003: Miquel Barceló
    Miquel Barcelo
    Miquel Barceló is a Spanish painter from Felanitx, Majorca.-Career:After having studied at the Arts and Crafts School of Palma for two years, he enrolled at the Fine Arts School of Barcelona in 1974. A year later he returned to Mallorca to participate in the happenings and actions of protest of...

  • 2004: Paco de Lucía
    Paco de Lucía
    Paco de Lucía, born Francisco Sánchez Gómez , is a Spanish virtuoso flamenco guitarist and composer. He is considered by many to be one of the finest guitarists in the world and the greatest guitarist of the flamenco genre...

  • 2005: Maya Plisetskaya
    Maya Plisetskaya
    Maya Mikhailovna Plisetskaya , born is a Russian ballet dancer, frequently cited as one of the greatest ballerinas of the 20th century. Maya danced during the Soviet era at the same time as the great Galina Ulanova, and took over from her as prima ballerina assoluta of the Bolshoi in 1960...

     and Tamara Rojo
    Tamara Rojo
    Tamara Rojo is a Spanish prima ballerina, and is currently a Principal Dancer with the Royal Ballet in London.Rojo was born in Montreal, Canada, to Spanish parents who moved back to Spain when she was four months old...

  • 2006: Pedro Almodóvar
    Pedro Almodóvar
    Pedro Almodóvar Caballero is a Spanish film director, screenwriter and producer.Almodóvar is arguably the most successful and internationally known Spanish filmmaker of his generation. His films, marked by complex narratives, employ the codes of melodrama and use elements of pop culture, popular...

  • 2007: Bob Dylan
    Bob Dylan
    Bob Dylan is an American singer-songwriter, musician, poet, film director and painter. He has been a major and profoundly influential figure in popular music and culture for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was an informal chronicler and a seemingly...

  • 2008: Sistema de Orquesta Juvenil e Infantil de Venezuela
  • 2009: Norman Foster
    Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank
    Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM is a British architect whose company maintains an international design practice, Foster + Partners....

  • 2010: Richard Serra
    Richard Serra
    Richard Serra is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large-scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement.-Early life and education:...

  • 2011: Riccardo Muti
    Riccardo Muti
    Riccardo Muti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI is an Italian conductor and music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.-Childhood and education:...


Communications and Humanities

  • 1981: María Zambrano
    María Zambrano
    María Zambrano Alarcón was a Spanish essayist and philosopher.Zambrano studied under and was influenced by José Ortega y Gasset and went on to teach Metaphysics at Madrid University from 1931 to 1936...

  • 1982: Mario Bunge
    Mario Bunge
    Mario Augusto Bunge is an Argentine philosopher and physicist mainly active in Canada.-Biography:Bunge began his studies at the National University of La Plata, graduating with a Ph.D. in physico-mathematical sciences in 1952. He was professor of theoretical physics and philosophy,...

  • 1983: El País newspaper
  • 1984: Claudio Sánchez Albornoz
    Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz y Menduiña
    Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz y Menduiña was an eminent Spanish medieval historian, statesman, and a leader of the Spanish Republican government in Exile during the rule of Francisco Franco.- Education and Early Career :...

  • 1985: José Ferrater Mora
  • 1986: O Globo
    O Globo
    O Globo is a Brazilian newspaper based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. O Globo is the most prominent print publication in the Marinho family's Brazilian media conglomerate....

  • 1987: El Espectador
    El Espectador
    El Espectador is a newspaper with national circulation within Colombia, founded by Fidel Cano Gutiérrez on 22 March 1887 in Medellín and published since 1915 in Bogotá...

    newspaper and El Tiempo newspaper
  • 1988: Horacio Sáenz Guerrero
  • 1989: Fondo de Cultura Económica
    Fondo de Cultura Económica
    Fondo de Cultura Económica is the most important publishing house in Mexico and one of the most important ones in Latin America. It was originally established in 1934 by Daniel Cosío Villegas as a way to provide students of economics with books in Spanish on the subject...

     and Pedro Laín Entralgo
    Pedro Laín Entralgo
    Pedro Laín Entralgo was a Spanish medical researcher. He won the Prince of Asturias award in 1989 for Communication and Humanities.In 1964 he entered the Royal Academy of History...

  • 1990: José Simeón Cañas University
  • 1991: Luis María Anson
  • 1992: Emilio García Gómez
    Emilio García Gómez
    Emilio García Gómez, 1st Count of Alixares was a Spanish Arabist, literary historian and critic, whose talent as a poet enriched his many translations from Arabic.-Life:...

  • 1993: Revista Vuelta
    Vuelta (magazine)
    Vuelta was a Mexican literary magazine, founded by poet Octavio Paz in 1976 following the controversial dismantling of the workers' cooperative that ran the daily newspaper Excélsior. It ceased publication following Paz's death in 1998....

    by Octavio Paz
    Octavio Paz
    Octavio Paz Lozano was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize for Literature.-Early life and writings:...

  • 1994: Spanish Mission
    Mission (Christian)
    Christian missionary activities often involve sending individuals and groups , to foreign countries and to places in their own homeland. This has frequently involved not only evangelization , but also humanitarian work, especially among the poor and disadvantaged...

    s in Rwanda
    Rwanda
    Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...

     and Burundi
    Burundi
    Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...

  • 1995: José Luis López Aranguren and EFE
    EFE
    EFE is a Spanish news agency created in 1939 by Spain's former minister of the press and propaganda Ramón Serrano Súñer and Manuel Aznar Zubigaray....

     Agency
  • 1996: Indro Montanelli
    Indro Montanelli
    Indro Montanelli was an Italian journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as History of the Greeks and History of Rome....

     and Julián Marías
    Julián Marías
    Julián Marías Aguilera , was a Spanish philosopher. His History of Philosophy is widely accepted as the greatest work written in Spanish on the subject of the history of philosophy...

  • 1997: CNN
    CNN
    Cable News Network is a U.S. cable news channel founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television channel in the United States...

     and Václav Havel
    Václav Havel
    Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...

  • 1998: Reinhard Mohn
    Reinhard Mohn
    Reinhard Mohn was a German businessman who turned Bertelsmann, a "provincial, war-shattered German publisher", into the sixth largest media conglomerate in the world.-Early life:...

     and Somaly Mam
    Somaly Mam
    Somaly Mam is a Cambodian author and human rights advocate, focusing primarily on needs of victims of human sex trafficking, and has garnered official and media acclaim for her efforts.-Early life:...

  • 1999: Instituto Caro y Cuervo
    Instituto Caro y Cuervo
    The Instituto Caro y Cuervo is an educative center specialized in Spanish literature, philology and linguistics, oriented to research and promotion of the reading habits in Colombia. This institute produces editions of Colombian authors and politics of preservation of the bibliographic national...

  • 2000: Umberto Eco
    Umberto Eco
    Umberto Eco Knight Grand Cross is an Italian semiotician, essayist, philosopher, literary critic, and novelist, best known for his novel The Name of the Rose , an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory...

  • 2001: George Steiner
    George Steiner
    Francis George Steiner, FBA , is an influential European-born American literary critic, essayist, philosopher, novelist, translator, and educator. He has written extensively about the relationship between language, literature and society, and the impact of the Holocaust...

  • 2002: Hans Magnus Enzensberger
    Hans Magnus Enzensberger
    Hans Magnus Enzensberger , is a German author, poet, translator, and editor. He has also written under the pseudonym Andreas Thalmayr. He lives in Munich.- Life :...

  • 2003: Ryszard Kapuściński
    Ryszard Kapuscinski
    Ryszard Kapuściński was a Polish journalist and writer whose dispatches in book form brought him a global reputation. Also a photographer and poet, he was born in Pińsknow in Belarusin the Kresy Wschodnie or eastern borderlands of the second Polish Republic, into poverty: he would say later that...

     and Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
    Gustavo Gutiérrez
    Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino, O.P., is a Peruvian theologian and Dominican priest regarded as the founder of Liberation Theology...

  • 2004: Jean Daniel
    Jean Daniel
    Jean Daniel, is an Algerian-born French-Jewish journalist and author. He is the founder and executive editor of Le Nouvel Observateur weekly.Daniel is a Jewish humanist in the venerable tradition of the French Left...

  • 2005: Alliance française
    Alliance française
    The Alliance française , or AF, is an international organisation that aims to promote French language and culture around the world. created in Paris on 21 July 1883, its primary concern is teaching French as a second language and is headquartered in Paris -History:The Alliance was created in Paris...

    , Società Dante Alighieri, British Council
    British Council
    The British Council is a United Kingdom-based organisation specialising in international educational and cultural opportunities. It is registered as a charity both in England and Wales, and in Scotland...

    , Goethe-Institut
    Goethe-Institut
    The Goethe-Institut is a non-profit German cultural institution operational worldwide, promoting the study of the German language abroad and encouraging international cultural exchange and relations. The Goethe-Institut also fosters knowledge about Germany by providing information on German...

    , Instituto Cervantes
    Instituto Cervantes
    The Cervantes Institute is a worldwide non-profit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. It is named after Miguel de Cervantes , the author of Don Quixote and perhaps the most important figure in the history of Spanish literature...

     and Instituto Camões
    Instituto Camões
    The Instituto Camões is an institution created in 1992 for the world-wide promotion of the Portuguese language and culture...

  • 2006: National Geographic Society
    National Geographic Society
    The National Geographic Society , headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world. Its interests include geography, archaeology and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical...

  • 2007: Nature
    Nature (journal)
    Nature, first published on 4 November 1869, is ranked the world's most cited interdisciplinary scientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports...

     and Science
    Science (journal)
    Science is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is one of the world's top scientific journals....

     journals
  • 2008: Google
    Google
    Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program...

  • 2009: National Autonomous University of Mexico
    Unam
    UNAM or UNaM may refer to:* National University of Misiones, a National University in Posadas, Argentina*National Autonomous University of Mexico , the large public autonomous university based in Mexico City...

  • 2010: Alain Touraine
    Alain Touraine
    Alain Touraine is a French sociologist born in Hermanville-sur-Mer. He is research director at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, where he founded the Centre d'étude des mouvements sociaux . He is best known for being the originator of the term "post-industrial society"...

     and Zygmunt Bauman
    Zygmunt Bauman
    Zygmunt Bauman is a Polish sociologist who, since 1971, has resided in England after being driven out of Poland by an anti-Semitic campaign, engineered by the Communist government which he had previously supported...

  • 2011: Royal Society
    Royal Society
    The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...


International Cooperation

  • 1981: José López Portillo
    José López Portillo
    José López Portillo y Pacheco was the President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.Born in Mexico City, López Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico before beginning his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1959.He held several positions in the...

  • 1982: Enrique V. Iglesias
    Enrique V. Iglesias
    Enrique Valentín Iglesias García is an economist of Uruguayan-Spanish dual citizenship. He was once president of the Inter-American Development Bank, an international institution dedicated to furthering economic development in the Western Hemisphere through investment and policy...

  • 1983: Belisario Betancur
    Belisario Betancur
    Belisario Betancur Cuartas is a Colombian statesman, who as a member of the Colombian Conservative Party was President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986.- Biographic data :...

  • 1984: Contadora Group
    Contadora Group
    The Contadora Group was an initiative launched in the early 1980s by the foreign ministers of Colombia, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela to deal with the military conflicts in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Guatemala, which were threatening to destabilize the entire Central American region.The original...

  • 1985: Raúl Alfonsín
    Raúl Alfonsín
    Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín was an Argentine lawyer, politician and statesman, who served as the President of Argentina from December 10, 1983, to July 8, 1989. Alfonsín was the first democratically-elected president of Argentina following the military government known as the National Reorganization...

  • 1986: Salamanca University and Coimbra University
  • 1987: Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
    Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
    Javier Pérez de Cuéllar y de la Guerra is a Peruvian diplomat who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1991. He studied in Colegio San Agustín of Lima, and then at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. In 1995, he ran unsuccessfully...

  • 1988: Óscar Arias
    Óscar Arias
    Óscar Arias Sánchez is a Costa Rican politician who was President of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010. He previously served as President from 1986 to 1990 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several other Central American countries.He is also a...

    , Fatiha Boudiaf
    Fatiha Boudiaf
    Fatiha Boudiaf was married to former Algerian president Mohamed Boudiaf. After his assassination in 1992, she set up the Boudiaf Foundation to spread her husband's message of peace and to help Algerian widows....

  • 1989: Jacques Delors
    Jacques Delors
    Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office .-French Politics:...

     and Mikhail Gorbachev
    Mikhail Gorbachev
    Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the USSR, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991...

  • 1990: Hans Dietrich Genscher
  • 1991: UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
  • 1992: Nelson Mandela
    Nelson Mandela
    Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing...

     and Frederik Willem de Klerk
    Frederik Willem de Klerk
    Frederik Willem de Klerk , often known as F. W. de Klerk, is the former seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994...

  • 1993: United Nations
    United Nations
    The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

     Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
    Yugoslavia
    Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....

  • 1994: Yasser Arafat
    Yasser Arafat
    Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...

     and Yitzhak Rabin
    Yitzhak Rabin
    ' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....

  • 1995: Mário Soares
    Mário Soares
    Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...

  • 1996: Helmut Kohl
    Helmut Kohl
    Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...

  • 1997: Government of Guatemala
    Guatemala
    Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...

     and Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
    Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
    The Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity is a Guatemalan political party that started as a guerrilla movement but laid down its arms in 1996 and became a legal political party in 1998 after the peace process after the Guatemalan Civil War.-Formation:Since the CIA-backed...

  • 1998: Fatiha Boudiaf
    Fatiha Boudiaf
    Fatiha Boudiaf was married to former Algerian president Mohamed Boudiaf. After his assassination in 1992, she set up the Boudiaf Foundation to spread her husband's message of peace and to help Algerian widows....

    , Olayinka Koso-Thomas
    Olayinka Koso-Thomas
    Olayinka Koso-Thomas is a Nigerian born doctor who lives in Sierra Leone. She is known internationally for her efforts to abolish female genital cutting. In 1998 she shared a Prince of Asturias Award for this work.-References:...

    , Graça Machel
    Graça Machel
    Graça Machel, DBE is a Mozambican politician and humanitarian. She is the third wife of former South African president Nelson Mandela and the widow of Mozambican president Samora Machel...

    , Rigoberta Menchú
    Rigoberta Menchú
    Rigoberta Menchú Tum is an indigenous Guatemalan, of the K'iche' ethnic group. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the plight of Guatemala's indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War , and to promoting indigenous rights in the country...

    , Fatana Ishaq Gailani, Emma Bonino
    Emma Bonino
    Emma Bonino is an Italian politician, former Member of the European Parliament and current Member of the Italian Senate. She is a leading member of the Italian Radicals, a political party that supports economic and social libertarianism, and human rights...

     and Somaly Mam
    Somaly Mam
    Somaly Mam is a Cambodian author and human rights advocate, focusing primarily on needs of victims of human sex trafficking, and has garnered official and media acclaim for her efforts.-Early life:...

  • 1999: Pedro Duque
    Pedro Duque
    Pedro Duque Duque is a Spanish astronaut and a veteran of two space missions.Duque earned a degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in 1986. He worked for GMV and for the European Space Agency for six years before being selected as an astronaut candidate in...

    , John Glenn
    John Glenn
    John Herschel Glenn, Jr. is a former United States Marine Corps pilot, astronaut, and United States senator who was the first American to orbit the Earth and the third American in space. Glenn was a Marine Corps fighter pilot before joining NASA's Mercury program as a member of NASA's original...

    , Chiaki Mukai
    Chiaki Mukai
    is a Japanese doctor, and JAXA astronaut. She was the first Japanese woman in space, and was the first Japanese citizen to have two spaceflights. Both were Space Shuttle missions; her first was STS-65 aboard Space Shuttle Columbia in July 1994, which was a Spacelab mission. Her second spaceflight...

     and Valery Polyakov
  • 2000: Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso – also known by his initials FHC – was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He is an accomplished sociologist, professor and politician...

  • 2001: International Space Station
    International Space Station
    The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...

  • 2002: The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
    Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
    The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research is an interdisciplinary body of the International Council for Science . It was established in February 1958 to continue the international coordination of Antarctic scientific activities that had begun during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58...

  • 2003: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
    Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
    Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , known popularly as Lula, served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.A founding member of the Workers' Party , he ran for President three times unsuccessfully, first in the 1989 election. Lula achieved victory in the 2002 election, and was inaugurated as...

  • 2004: The European Union
    European Union
    The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

    's Erasmus Programme
    Erasmus programme
    The Erasmus Programme , a.k.a. Erasmus Project is a European Union student exchange programme established in 1987...

  • 2005: Simone Veil
    Simone Veil
    Simone Veil, DBE is a French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France....

  • 2006: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
  • 2007: Al Gore
    Al Gore
    Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. served as the 45th Vice President of the United States , under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President in the 2000 U.S. presidential election....

  • 2008: Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre (Tanzania
    Tanzania
    The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...

    ), Malaria Research and Training Centre (Mali
    Mali
    Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...

    ), Kintampo Health Research Centre (Ghana
    Ghana
    Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...

    ) and Manhiça Centre of Health Research (Mozambique
    Mozambique
    Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...

    )
  • 2009: World Health Organization
    World Health Organization
    The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...

     (WHO)
  • 2010: The Transplantation Society and National Transplant Organization
  • 2011: Bill Drayton
    Bill Drayton
    William "Bill" Drayton is a social entrepreneur. Born in 1943 in New York City, U.S. Drayton was named by US News & World Report as one of America's 25 Best Leaders in 2005...


Literature

  • 1981: José Hierro
    José Hierro
    José Hierro del Real , sometimes colloquially called Pepe Hierro, was a Spanish poet. He belongs to the so-called postwar generation, within the rootless and existential poetry streams. He wrote for both Espadaña and Garcilaso magazines...

  • 1982: Miguel Delibes
    Miguel Delibes
    Miguel Delibes Setién was a Spanish novelist, journalist and newspaper editor. From 1975 until his death, he was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, where he occupied chair "e". He studied commerce and law and began his career as a columnist and later journalist at the El Norte de Castilla...

     and Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
    Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
    Gonzalo Torrente Ballester was a Spanish Galician writer in Spanish language. He was born in Serantes, Ferrol, Galicia, and received his first education there, subsequently attending the universities of Santiago de Compostela and Oviedo.Although primarily a novelist, he also published journalism,...

  • 1983: Juan Rulfo
    Juan Rulfo
    Juan Rulfo was a Mexican author and photographer. One of Latin America's most esteemed authors, Rulfo's reputation rests on two slim books, the novel Pedro Páramo , and El Llano en llamas...

  • 1984: Pablo García Baena
  • 1985: Ángel González
  • 1986: Mario Vargas Llosa
    Mario Vargas Llosa
    Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian-Spanish writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading authors of his generation...

     and Rafael Lapesa
    Rafael Lapesa
    Rafael Lapesa Melgar was a Spanish philologist, a historian of language and of Spanish literature.-Biography:Born in Valencia, Spain, February 8, 1908, his family moved to Madrid when he was eight. By 1930 he had earned his professorship for his work on the medieval dialect of western Asturias...

  • 1987: Camilo José Cela
    Camilo José Cela
    Camilo José Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquis of Iria Flavia was a Spanish novelist and short story writer. He was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability".-Biography:Cela published his...

  • 1988: José Angel Valente and Carmen Martín Gaite
    Carmen Martín Gaite
    Carmen Martín Gaite was an award winning Spanish author. She wrote in many genres, including novels, short stories, and essays...

  • 1989: Ricardo Gullón
  • 1990: Arturo Uslar Pietri
    Arturo Uslar Pietri
    Arturo Uslar Pietri , was a Venezuelan intellectual, lawyer, journalist, writer, television producer and politician.- Life :...

  • 1991: The people of Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

  • 1992: Francisco Nieva
  • 1993: Claudio Rodríguez
  • 1994: Carlos Fuentes
    Carlos Fuentes
    Carlos Fuentes Macías is a Mexican writer and one of the best-known living novelists and essayists in the Spanish-speaking world. He has influenced contemporary Latin American literature, and his works have been widely translated into English and other languages.-Biography:Fuentes was born in...

  • 1995: Carlos Bousoño
    Carlos Bousoño
    Carlos Bousoño is a Spanish poet and literary critic. His work is frequently associated with the post-Spanish Civil War literary group.-Biography:...

  • 1996: Francisco Umbral
    Francisco Umbral
    Francisco Umbral was a Spanish journalist, novelist, biographer and essayist.-Style:...

  • 1997: Álvaro Mutis
    Álvaro Mutis
    Álvaro Mutis Jaramillo is a Colombian poet, novelist, and essayist and author of the compendium The Adventures and Misadventures of Maqroll.-Early life:...

  • 1998: Francisco Ayala
    Francisco Ayala (novelist)
    Francisco Ayala García-Duarte was a Spanish writer, the last representative of the Generation of '27.- Biography :...

  • 1999: Günter Grass
    Günter Grass
    Günter Wilhelm Grass is a Nobel Prize-winning German author, poet, playwright, sculptor and artist.He was born in the Free City of Danzig...

  • 2000: Augusto Monterroso
    Augusto Monterroso
    "The Dinosaur" redirects here. For the song by Was , see Walk the Dinosaur. For other uses, see Dinosaur Augusto Monterroso Bonilla was a Guatemalan writer.-Life:...

  • 2001: Doris Lessing
    Doris Lessing
    Doris May Lessing CH is a British writer. Her novels include The Grass is Singing, The Golden Notebook, and five novels collectively known as Canopus in Argos....

  • 2002: Arthur Miller
    Arthur Miller
    Arthur Asher Miller was an American playwright and essayist. He was a prominent figure in American theatre, writing dramas that include plays such as All My Sons , Death of a Salesman , The Crucible , and A View from the Bridge .Miller was often in the public eye,...

  • 2003: Fatema Mernissi
    Fatema Mernissi
    Fatema or Fatima Mernissi is a Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist.-Biography:Mernissi was born into a middle-class family in Fes in 1940. She received her primary education in a school established by the nationalist movement, and secondary level education in an all-girls school funded by the...

     and Susan Sontag
    Susan Sontag
    Susan Sontag was an American author, literary theorist, feminist and political activist whose works include On Photography and Against Interpretation.-Life:...

  • 2004: Claudio Magris
    Claudio Magris
    Claudio Magris is an Italian scholar, translator and writer.Magris graduated from the University of Turin, where he studied German studies, and has been a professor of modern German literature at the University of Trieste since 1978.He is an essayist and columnist for the Italian newspaper...

  • 2005: Nélida Piñon
    Nélida Piñon
    Nélida Piñon is a Brazilian writer born May 3, 1937 in Rio de Janeiro of Spanish immigrants. Her first novel was Guia-Mapa de Gabriel Arcanjo , written in 1961, it concerns a protagonist discussing Christian doctrine with her guardian angel...

  • 2006: Paul Auster
    Paul Auster
    Paul Benjamin Auster is an American author known for works blending absurdism, existentialism, crime fiction and the search for identity and personal meaning in works such as The New York Trilogy , Moon Palace , The Music of Chance , The Book of Illusions and The Brooklyn Follies...

  • 2007: Amos Oz
    Amos Oz
    Amos Oz is an Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist. He is also a professor of literature at Ben-Gurion University in Be'er Sheva....

  • 2008: Margaret Atwood
    Margaret Atwood
    Margaret Eleanor Atwood, is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, and environmental activist. She is among the most-honoured authors of fiction in recent history; she is a winner of the Arthur C...

  • 2009: Ismail Kadare
    Ismail Kadare
    Ismail Kadare is an Albanian writer. He is known for his novels, although he was first noticed for his poetry collections. In the 1960s he focused on short stories until the publication of his first novel, The General of the Dead Army. In 1996 he became a lifetime member of the Academy of Moral...

  • 2010: Amin Maalouf
    Amin Maalouf
    Amin Maalouf , born 25 February 1949 in Beirut, is a Lebanese-born French author. Although his native language is Arabic, he writes in French, and his works have been translated into many languages. He received the Prix Goncourt in 1993 for his novel The Rock of Tanios...

  • 2011: Leonard Cohen
    Leonard Cohen
    Leonard Norman Cohen, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, poet and novelist. Cohen published his first book of poetry in Montreal in 1956 and his first novel in 1963. His work often explores religion, isolation, sexuality and interpersonal relationships...


Social Sciences

  • 1981: Román Perpiñá
  • 1982: Antonio Domínguez Ortiz
    Antonio Domínguez Ortiz
    Antonio Domínguez Ortiz was a Spanish historian, one of the leading specialists in the history of the Spanish Antiguo Régimen of the 16th through 18th centuries, in particular in social history...

  • 1983: Julio Caro Baroja
    Julio Caro Baroja
    Julio Caro Baroja was a world-renowned Basque Spanish anthropologist, historian, linguist and essayist. He was known for his special interest in Basque culture, history and society. Of Basque ancestry, he was the nephew of the renowned writer Pio Baroja; and his brother, painter, writer and...

  • 1984: Eduardo García de Enterría
    Eduardo Garcia de Enterria y Martinez-Carande
    Eduardo García de Enterría y Martinez-Carande, born 1923 in Ramales , is a lawyer and member of the Spanish Council of State ....

  • 1985: Ramón Carande Thovar
  • 1986: José Luis Pinillos
  • 1987: Juan José Linz
  • 1988: Luis Díez del Corral and Luis Sánchez Agesta
  • 1989: Enrique Fuentes Quintana
  • 1990: Rodrigo Uría González
  • 1991: Miguel Artola Gallego
  • 1992: Juan Velarde Fuertes
  • 1993: Silvio Zavala
    Silvio Zavala
    Silvio Arturo Zavala Vallado is a pioneer in law history studies and Mexico’s institutions. Born in Mérida, Yucatán, he studied at the National University of Mexico and at the University of Madrid, obtaining a Ph.D. in law from the latter...

  • 1994: Aurelio Menéndez Menéndez
  • 1995: Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão
    Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão
    Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão is a Portuguese historian. He is Professor Emeritus of the Faculty of Letters of Lisbon University, was dean of the University of Lisbon from 1973 to 1974, and president of the Portuguese Academy of History between 1975 and 2006...

  • 1996: John Huxtable Elliott
    John Huxtable Elliott
    Sir John Huxtable Elliott, FBA , who normally publishes as J.H. Elliott, is an eminent historian, Regius Professor Emeritus in the University of Oxford and Honorary Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge....

  • 1997: Martín de Riquer Morera
  • 1998: Jacques Santer and Pierre Werner
  • 1999: Raymond Carr
    Raymond Carr
    Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr FBA FRHS FRSL , known as Raymond Carr, is an English historian specializing in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden who was Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, from 1968 to 1987....

  • 2000: Carlo Maria Martini
    Carlo Maria Martini
    Carlo Maria Martini, SJ is an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Milan from 1980 to 2002, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983.-Early life and education:...

  • 2001: The Colegio de México and Juan Iglesias Santos
  • 2002: Anthony Giddens
    Anthony Giddens
    Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens is a British sociologist who is known for his theory of structuration and his holistic view of modern societies. He is considered to be one of the most prominent modern contributors in the field of sociology, the author of at least 34 books, published in at least 29...

  • 2003: Jürgen Habermas
    Jürgen Habermas
    Jürgen Habermas is a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his theory on the concepts of 'communicative rationality' and the 'public sphere'...

  • 2004: Paul Krugman
    Paul Krugman
    Paul Robin Krugman is an American economist, professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics, and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times...

  • 2005: Giovanni Sartori
    Giovanni Sartori
    Giovanni Sartori is an Italian political scientist specialized in the study of democracy and comparative politics.-Biography:Born in Florence in 1924. Sartori began his academic career as a lecturer in the History of Modern Philosophy...

  • 2006: Mary Robinson
    Mary Robinson
    Mary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...

  • 2007: Ralf Dahrendorf
    Ralf Dahrendorf
    Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, KBE, FBA was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician....

  • 2008: Tzvetan Todorov
    Tzvetan Todorov
    Tzvetan Todorov is a Franco-Bulgarian philosopher. He has lived in France since 1963 with his wife Nancy Huston and their two children, writing books and essays about literary theory, thought history and culture theory....

  • 2009: David Attenborough
    David Attenborough
    Sir David Frederick Attenborough OM, CH, CVO, CBE, FRS, FZS, FSA is a British broadcaster and naturalist. His career as the face and voice of natural history programmes has endured for more than 50 years...

  • 2010: The archaeological team of the Warriors
    Terracotta Army
    The Terracotta Army or the "Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses", is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China...

     of Xi'an
    Xi'an
    Xi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...

  • 2011: Howard Gardner
    Howard Gardner
    Howard Earl Gardner is an American developmental psychologist who is a professor of Cognition and Education at Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University, Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero and author of over twenty books translated into thirty languages. Since 1995, he has...


Sports

  • 1987: Sebastian Coe
    Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe
    Sebastian Newbold Coe, Baron Coe, KBE , often known as Seb Coe, is an English former athlete and politician...

  • 1988: Juan Antonio Samaranch
    Juan Antonio Samaranch
    Don Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquis of Samaranch, Grandee of Spain , known in Catalan as Joan Antoni Samaranch i Torelló , was a Catalan Spanish sports administrator who served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee from 1980 to 2001...

  • 1989: Seve Ballesteros
  • 1990: Alfonso "Sito" Pons
  • 1991: Sergey Bubka
  • 1992: Miguel Indurain
    Miguel Indurain
    Miguel Ángel Indurain Larraya is a retired Spanish road racing cyclist. He won five consecutive Tour de Frances from 1991 and 1995, the first to do so, and the fourth athlete to win five times. He won the Giro d'Italia twice, becoming one of only seven people in history to achieve the Giro Tour...

  • 1993: Javier Sotomayor
    Javier Sotomayor
    Javier Sotomayor Sanabria is a Cuban former track and field athlete who specialized in the high jump and is the current world record holder. The 1992 Olympic champion, he was the dominant high jumper of the 1990s; he is the only person ever to have cleared 8 feet . He is widely regarded as the...

  • 1994: Martina Navratilova
  • 1995: Hassiba Boulmerka
    Hassiba Boulmerka
    Hassiba Boulmerka is a former Algerian middle distance athlete. In 1992, she became the first Algerian to win an Olympic title....

  • 1996: Carl Lewis
    Carl Lewis
    Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis is an American former track and field athlete, who won 10 Olympic medals including 9 gold, and 10 World Championships medals, of which 8 were gold. His career spanned from 1979 when he first achieved a world ranking to 1996 when he last won an Olympic title and...

  • 1997: Spanish Marathon team
  • 1998: Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
    Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
    Aránzazu 'Arantxa' Isabel Maria Sánchez Vicario is a Spanish former professional tennis player...

  • 1999: Steffi Graf
    Steffi Graf
    Steffi Graf is a former World No. 1 German tennis player.In total, Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, second among male and female players only to Margaret Court's 24...

  • 2000: Lance Armstrong
    Lance Armstrong
    Lance Edward Armstrong is an American former professional road racing cyclist who won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times, after having survived testicular cancer. He is also the founder and chairman of the Lance Armstrong Foundation for cancer research and support...

  • 2001: Manuel Estiarte
    Manuel Estiarte
    Manuel Estiarte Duocastella is a former water polo player from Spain. He is considered by many the best of all time.Estiarte has played 578 times for the Spanish team...

  • 2002: Brazil national football team
    Brazil national football team
    The Brazil national football team represents Brazil in international men's football and is controlled by the Brazilian Football Confederation , the governing body for football in Brazil. They are a member of the International Federation of Association Football since 1923 and also a member of the...

  • 2003: The Tour de France
    Tour de France
    The Tour de France is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The...

  • 2004: Hicham El Guerrouj
    Hicham El Guerrouj
    Hicham El Guerrouj "King of the Mile" is a Moroccan former middle distance runner...

  • 2005: Fernando Alonso
    Fernando Alonso
    Fernando Alonso Díaz is a Spanish Formula One racing driver and a two-time World Champion, who is currently racing for Ferrari....

  • 2006: Spain national basketball team
    Spain national basketball team
    The Spanish national basketball team is the basketball team representing Spain in international competitions, organized and run by the Spanish Basketball Federation...

  • 2007: Michael Schumacher
    Michael Schumacher
    Michael Schumacher is a German Formula One racing driver for the Mercedes GP team. Famous for his eleven-year spell with Ferrari, Schumacher is a seven-time World Champion and is widely regarded as the greatest F1 driver of all time...

  • 2008: Rafael Nadal
    Rafael Nadal
    Rafael "Rafa" Nadal Parera is a Spanish professional tennis player and a former World No. 1. , he is ranked No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals...

  • 2009: Yelena Isinbayeva
    Yelena Isinbayeva
    Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva is a Russian pole vaulter. She is twice an Olympic gold medalist , five-times a World Champion, and the current world record holder in the event...

  • 2010: Spain national football team
    Spain national football team
    The Spain national football team represents Spain in international association football and is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, the governing body for football in Spain. The current head coach is Vicente del Bosque...

  • 2011: Haile Gebrselassie
    Haile Gebrselassie
    Haile Gebrselassie is an Ethiopian long-distance track and road running athlete. He won two Olympic gold medals over 10,000 metres and four World Championship titles in the event. He won the Berlin Marathon four times consecutively and also had three straight wins at the Dubai Marathon...


Technical and Scientific Research

  • 1981: Alberto Sols
  • 1982: Manuel Ballester
    Manuel Ballester
    Manuel Ballester Boix was an award-winning Spanish chemist.-Biography:He received his degree at the University of Barcelona, his doctorate in Madrid, and finished his training at Harvard University. In 1944 he formed a team at the Spanish National Research Council...

  • 1983: Luis Antonio Santaló
  • 1984: Antonio García Bellido
  • 1985: Emilio Rosenblueth and David Vázquez Martínez
  • 1986: Antonio González González
  • 1987: Pablo Rudomín
    Pablo Rudomin
    Pablo Rudomin Zevnovaty, PhD is a Mexican neuroscientist.Born to Russian parents he is a graduate of the biology program of the National School of Biological Sciences of the National Polytechnic Institute . He has been the director of the program of bioph neuroscience at the CINVESTAV of the IPN...

     and Jacinto Convit
    Jacinto Convit
    Jacinto Convit García is a Venezuelan Medic and Scientist. In 1987, he received a Prince of Asturias Award in the Scientific and Technical Research category....

  • 1988: Manuel Cardona
    Manuel Cardona
    Manuel Cardona Castro is a physicist. According to the ISI Citations web database, Cardona is one of the eighth most cited physicist since 1970...

     and Marcos Moshinsky
    Marcos Moshinsky
    Marcos Moshinsky was a Mexican physicist of Ukrainian origin whose work in the field of elementary particles won him the Prince of Asturias Prize for Scientific and Technical Investigation in 1988 and the UNESCO Science Prize in 1997....

  • 1989: Guido Münch
  • 1990: Salvador Moncada
    Salvador Moncada
    Sir Salvador Enrique Moncada, FRS, FRCP, FRCS is a Honduran-British physician and pharmacologist. He is the husband of Princess Marie-Esméralda of Belgium, who is a member of the Belgian Royal Family.-Background:...

     and Santiago Grisolía
  • 1991: Francisco Bolívar Zapata
    Francisco Bolívar Zapata
    Francisco Gonzalo Bolívar Zapata is a Mexican biochemist and professor.After getting his PhD in biochemistry by the National Autonomous University of Mexico , he joined the Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in the same university, undertaking studies on Molecular Biology and...

  • 1992: Federico García Moliner
  • 1993: Amable Liñán
  • 1994: Manuel Patarroyo
  • 1995: Manuel Losada Villasante and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
    Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
    The Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad is the national institute for biodiversity and conservation in Costa Rica. Created at the end of the 1980s, and despite having national status, it is a privately-run institution that works closely with various government agencies, universities, business...

     of Costa Rica
    Costa Rica
    Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....

  • 1996: Valentin Fuster
    Valentin Fuster
    Valentí Fuster is a Spaniard cardiologist – the only cardiologist to receive all four major research awards from the world's four major cardiovascular organizations....

  • 1997: Atapuerca
    Atapuerca
    The Atapuerca Mountains is an ancient karstic region of Spain, in the province of Burgos and near Atapuerca and Ibeas de Juarros. It contains several caves, where fossils and stone tools of the earliest known Hominins in West Europe have been found. The earliest hominids may have dated to 1.2...

     research team
  • 1998: Emilio Méndez Pérez and Pedro Miguel Etxenike Landiríbar
  • 1999: Ricardo Miledi
    Ricardo Miledi
    Ricardo Miledi is a Mexican neuroscientist who won the Royal Medal in 1998.In 1999 was awarded with the . In 2010 won the outstanding contributions to the field.He is a professor at the University of California, Irvine....

     and Enrique Moreno González
  • 2000: Luc Montagnier
    Luc Montagnier
    Luc Antoine Montagnier is a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus...

     and Robert Gallo
    Robert Gallo
    Robert Charles Gallo is an American biomedical researcher. He is best known for his role in the discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus , the infectious agent responsible for the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , and he has been a major contributor to subsequent HIV research.Gallo is the...

  • 2001: Craig Venter
    Craig Venter
    John Craig Venter is an American biologist and entrepreneur, most famous for his role in being one of the first to sequence the human genome and for his role in creating the first cell with a synthetic genome in 2010. Venter founded Celera Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research and the J...

    , John Sulston, Hamilton Smith
    Hamilton O. Smith
    Hamilton Othanel Smith is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate.Smith was born on August 23, 1931, and graduated from University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, but in 1950 transferred to the University of California,...

    , Francis Collins
    Francis Collins (geneticist)
    Francis Sellers Collins , is an American physician-geneticist, noted for his discoveries of disease genes and his leadership of the Human Genome Project . He currently serves as Director of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Prior to being appointed Director, he founded and...

     and Jean Weissenbach
    Jean Weissenbach
    Jean Weissenbach is the current director of the Genoscope. He is one of the pioneers of the sequencing and analysis of the genomes.-References:...

  • 2002: Robert E. Kahn, Vinton Cerf, Tim Berners-Lee
    Tim Berners-Lee
    Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, , also known as "TimBL", is a British computer scientist, MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web...

     and Lawrence Roberts
    Lawrence Roberts (scientist)
    Lawrence G. Roberts received the Draper Prize in 2001 and the Principe de Asturias Award in 2002 "for the development of the Internet" along with Leonard Kleinrock, Robert Kahn, and Vinton Cerf....

  • 2003: Jane Goodall
    Jane Goodall
    Dame Jane Morris Goodall, DBE , is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National...

  • 2004: Judah Folkman
    Judah Folkman
    Moses Judah Folkman was an American medical scientist best known for his research on tumor angiogenesis, the process by which a tumor attracts blood vessels to nourish itself and sustain its existence...

    , Tony Hunter, Joan Massagué Solé
    Joan Massagué Solé
    Joan Massagué , is the Chair of the Cancer Biology and Genetics Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator...

    , Bert Vogelstein
    Bert Vogelstein
    Bert Vogelstein is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at The Johns Hopkins University. He clarified the role of the gene p53, which repairs DNA in dividing cells and destroys the cell if its DNA cannot be repaired. Damaged p53 is responsible for half of all cancers...

     and Robert Weinberg
    Robert Weinberg
    Robert Allan Weinberg is a Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at MIT and American Cancer Society Research Professor; his research is in the area of oncogenes and the genetic basis of human cancer. Weinberg is also affiliated with the Broad Institute and is a founding member of the...

  • 2005: Antonio Damasio
    Antonio Damasio
    Antonio Damasio is David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Southern California, where he heads USC's Brain and Creativity Institute and Adjunct Professor at the Salk Institute. Prior to taking up his posts at USC, in 2005, Damasio was M.W...

  • 2006: Juan Ignacio Cirac
  • 2007: Ginés Morata Pérez and Peter Lawrence
  • 2008: Sumio Iijima
    Sumio Iijima
    Sumio Iijima is a Japanese physicist, often cited as the discoverer of carbon nanotubes. Although carbon nanotubes had been observed prior to his "discovery", Iijima's 1991 paper generated unprecedented interest in the carbon nanostructures and has since fueled intense research in the area of...

    , Shuji Nakamura
    Shuji Nakamura
    is a professor at the Materials Department of the College of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara .- Career :Nakamura graduated from the University of Tokushima in 1977 with a degree in electronic engineering, and obtained a master's degree in the same subject two years later, after...

    , Robert Langer, George M. Whitesides
    George M. Whitesides
    George M. Whitesides is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Harvard University. He is best known for his work in the areas of NMR spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, molecular self-assembly, soft lithography, microfabrication, microfluidics, and nanotechnology...

     and Tobin Marks
  • 2009: Martin Cooper and Raymond Tomlinson
    Ray Tomlinson
    Raymond Samuel Tomlinson is a programmer who implemented an email system in 1971 on the ARPANET. Email had been previously sent on other networks such as AUTODIN and PLATO. It was the first system able to send mail between users on different hosts connected to the ARPAnet...

  • 2010: David Julius
    David Julius
    David J. Julius is an American physiologist. He is a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, and won the 2010 Shaw Prize in life science and medicine....

    , Baruch Minke and Linda Watkins
  • 2011: Joseph Altman
    Joseph Altman
    Joseph Altman discovered adult neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons in the adult brain, in the 1960s. As an independent investigator at MIT, his results were largely ignored. In the late 1990s, the fact that the brain can create new neurons even into adulthood was rediscovered, leading it to...

    , Arturo Álvarez-Buylla and Giacomo Rizzolatti
    Giacomo Rizzolatti
    Giacomo Rizzolatti is an Italian Neurophysiologist who works at the University of Parma. He is the Senior Scientist of the research team that discovered mirror neurons in the frontal and parietal cortex of the macaque monkey, and has written many scientific articles on the topic. He is a past...


Concord

  • 1986: Vicariate of Solidarity
    Vicariate of Solidarity
    The Vicariate of Solidarity was an agency of the Chilean Catholic Church, established by Pope Paul VI at the request of Cardinal Raul Silva Henriquez with the goal of assisting the victims of the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet....

     (Chile)
  • 1987: Villa El Salvador
    Villa El Salvador
    Villa El Salvador is an urban, largely residential district on the outskirts of Lima, Peru. It borders the district of Chorrillos on the east; the Pacific Ocean on the southwest; Lurín on the southeast; Villa María del Triunfo on the east and San Juan de Miraflores on the north.- History :It began...

  • 1988: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and World Wild Fund for Nature
  • 1989: Stephen Hawking
    Stephen Hawking
    Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA is an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity...

  • 1990: Sephardic Communities
  • 1991: Medicus Mundi
    Medicus Mundi International
    Medicus Mundi International is the Network of private not-for-profit organisations working in the field of international health cooperation and advocacy. The Network members fight global poverty by promoting access to health and health care as a fundamental human right...

     and Médecins Sans Frontières
    Médecins Sans Frontières
    ' , or Doctors Without Borders, is a secular humanitarian-aid non-governmental organization best known for its projects in war-torn regions and developing countries facing endemic diseases. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland...

  • 1992: American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR
    AmfAR
    amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, is an international nonprofit organization dedicated to the support of AIDS research, HIV prevention, treatment education, and the advocacy of sound AIDS-related public policy.-History:...

    )
  • 1993: Coordinadora Gesto por la Paz in the Basque Country
    Basque Country (autonomous community)
    The Basque Country is an autonomous community of northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, also called Historical Territories....

  • 1994: Save the Children
    Save the Children
    Save the Children is an internationally active non-governmental organization that enforces children's rights, provides relief and helps support children in developing countries...

    , National Movement of Street Children and Messengers of Peace
  • 1995: H.M. Hussein I, king of Jordan
    Jordan
    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...

  • 1996: Adolfo Suárez
    Adolfo Suárez
    Adolfo Suárez y González, 1st Duke of Suárez, Grandee of Spain, KOGF is a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, and the key figure in the country's transition to democracy.-Parents:He is a son of...

  • 1997: Yehudi Menuhin
    Yehudi Menuhin
    Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE was a Russian Jewish American violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom. He was born to Russian Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985...

     and Mstislav Rostropovich
    Mstislav Rostropovich
    Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, KBE , known to close friends as Slava, was a Soviet and Russian cellist and conductor. He was married to the soprano Galina Vishnevskaya. He is widely considered to have been the greatest cellist of the second half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest of...

  • 1998: Nicolás Castellanos, Vicente Ferrer
    Vicente Ferrer Moncho
    Vicente Ferrer Moncho was a philanthropist who spent his life working to improve the lives of the poor in the mission he founded in Southern India. Today the Vicente Ferrer Foundation carries out humanitarian projects in Andhra Pradesh, bringing aid to over 2.5 million poor people...

    , Joaquín Sanz Gadea and Muhammad Yunus
    Muhammad Yunus
    Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist and founder of the Grameen Bank, an institution that provides microcredit to help its clients establish creditworthiness and financial self-sufficiency. In 2006 Yunus and Grameen received the Nobel Peace Prize...

  • 1999: Caritas
    Caritas (charity)
    Caritas Internationalis is a confederate of 164 Roman Catholic relief, development and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide....

     Española
  • 2000: Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
    Association of Spanish Language Academies
    The Association of Spanish Language Academies is the entity which regulates the Spanish language. It was created in Mexico in 1951 and represents the union of all the separate academies in the Spanish-speaking world....

  • 2001: World Network of Biosphere Reserves
    World Network of Biosphere Reserves
    The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves covers internationally-designated protected areas, known as biosphere reserves, that are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between man and nature The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves covers internationally-designated protected...

  • 2002: Daniel Barenboim
    Daniel Barenboim
    Daniel Barenboim, KBE is an Argentinian-Israeli pianist and conductor. He has served as music director of several major symphonic and operatic orchestras and made numerous recordings....

     and Edward Said
    Edward Said
    Edward Wadie Saïd was a Palestinian-American literary theorist and advocate for Palestinian rights. He was University Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University and a founding figure in postcolonialism...

  • 2003: J. K. Rowling
    J. K. Rowling
    Joanne "Jo" Rowling, OBE , better known as J. K. Rowling, is the British author of the Harry Potter fantasy series...

  • 2004: The Way of St. James
    Way of St. James
    The Way of St. James or St. James' Way is the pilgrimage route to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia in northwestern Spain, where tradition has it that the remains of the apostle Saint James are buried....

  • 2005: Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
  • 2006: UNICEF
  • 2007: Yad Vashem
    Yad Vashem
    Yad Vashem is Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, established in 1953 through the Yad Vashem Law passed by the Knesset, Israel's parliament....

  • 2008: Ingrid Betancourt
    Íngrid Betancourt
    Ingrid Betancourt Pulecio is a Colombian politician, former senator and anti-corruption activist.Betancourt was kidnapped by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia on 23 February 2002 and was rescued by Colombian security forces six and a half years later on 2 July 2008...

  • 2009: The City of Berlin
    Berlin
    Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

  • 2010: Manos Unidas
  • 2011: Fukushima 50
    Fukushima 50
    Fukushima 50 is the alias given by the media to a group of employees at the crippled Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant. Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, a related series of nuclear accidents resulted in a serious fire at the plant's unit 4 on 15 March 2011, these 50 employees...


See also

  • List of awards
  • Prizes named after people
    Prizes named after people
    This is a list of prizes that are named after people.For other lists of eponyms see Lists of etymologies.* Ansari X Prize - Anousheh Ansari, Amir Ansari* Prince of Asturias Awards - Felipe, Prince of Asturias-A:...



External links

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