Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kofi Kakari, Asantehene (1867–1874)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
  - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
• Dahomey - Glele
  Glele
  Badohou, who took the throne name Glele, is considered to be the tenth King of the Aja kingdom of Dahomey . He succeeded his father, Ghezo, and ruled from 1858 to 1889....
  
  , King of Dahomey (1856–1889)
• Ethiopia
  Ethiopian Empire
  The Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia, covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers, and included in its peripheries Zeila, Djibouti, Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia...
  
  -
  1. Tekle Giyorgis II
     Tekle Giyorgis II of Ethiopia
     Tekle Giyorgis II was of Ethiopia from 1868 to 1872....
     
     , Emperor of Ethiopia
     Emperor of Ethiopia
     The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
     
      (1868–1871)
  2. Yohannes IV
     Yohannes IV of Ethiopia
     Yohannes IV , born Lij Kassay Mercha Ge'ez, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1872 until his death.-Early life:...
     
     , Emperor of Ethiopia
     Emperor of Ethiopia
     The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
     
      (1871–1889)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
  
  • President -
    1. Edward James Roye
       Edward James Roye
       Edward James Roye served as the fifth President of Liberia from 1870 to his overthrow and subsequent violent death in 1871. He had previously served as the 4th Chief Justice of Liberia from 1865 until 1868...
       
       , President of Liberia (1870–1871)
    2. James Skivring Smith
       James Skivring Smith
       James Skivring Smith served as the 6th President of Liberia from 1871 to 1872. Prior to this, he served as the 8th Vice President of Liberia from 1870 to 1871 under President Edward James Roye and as Secretary of State from 1856 to 1860 in the cabinet of President Stephen Allen Benson.Smith was...
       
       , President of Liberia (1871–1872)
• Opobo
  Opobo
  Opobo is a traditional state in southern Nigeria. The state was founded in 1870.A part of the traditional state is now Ikot-Abasi in Akwa Ibom State.-History:...
  
  - Jaja of Opobo
  Jaja of Opobo
  Jaja of Opobo was a merchant prince and the founder of Opobo city-state in an area that is now part of Nigeria. Born in Umuduruoha, Amaigbo in Igboland and sold at about age twelve as a slave in Bonny...
  
  , ruler of Opobo (1870–1887)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Ahmad Rufa'i, Sokoto Caliph (1867–1873)
  • Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier
    Sokoto Grand Vizier
    The Wazirin Sakkwato, or "Sokoto Grand Vizier", was the Grand Vizier to the Sultan of Sokoto of the Fulani Empire, in fact rather suzerain of the Fulani Jihad states.-List of Grand Viziers:*Gidago dan Laima...
    
     (1859-c.1874)
• Zanzibar
  Zanzibar
  Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba...
  
  - Barghash ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Zanzibar (1870–1888)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Afghanistan
  Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
  
  - Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1868–1879)
• Brunei - Abdul Momin
  Abdul Momin
  Abdul Momin was the sultan of Brunei from 1852 until his death. He was the son of a nobleman named Pengiran Shahbandar Pengiran Anak Abdul Wahab. Pengiran Anak Abdul Momin succeeded his father in law Omar Ali Saifuddin II as sultan upon the latter's death, having previously served as regent for...
  
  , Sultan of Brunei (1852–1885)
• China (Qing Dynasty
  Qing Dynasty
  The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
  
  ) - Tóngzhì, Emperor of China
  Emperor of China
  The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
  
   (1861–1875)
• Japan
  Empire of Japan
  The Empire of Japan is the name of the state of Japan that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 to the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of...
  
  - Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan
  Emperor of Japan
  The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
  
    (1867–1912)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom
    Ryukyu Kingdom
    The Ryūkyū Kingdom was an independent kingdom which ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 15th century to the 19th century. The Kings of Ryūkyū unified Okinawa Island and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands in modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture, and the Sakishima Islands near Taiwan...
    
     - Shō Tai
    Sho Tai
    was the last king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom . His reign saw greatly increased interactions with travelers from abroad, particularly from Europe and the United States, as well as the eventual end of the kingdom and its annexation by Japan as Okinawa Prefecture.In 1879, the deposed king was forced to...
    
    , King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea
  Korea
  Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
  
  (Joseon Dynasty
  Joseon Dynasty
  Joseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
  
  ) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Nepal
  Nepal
  Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
  
  - Surendra Bikram Shah Deva, King of Nepal (1847–1881)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
  -
  1. Azzan bin Qais
     Azzan bin Qais, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
     Imam Azzan bin Qais was the Imam of Oman between 1868 and 1870. He deposed his distant relative Sayyid Salim bin Thuwaini and ruled according to religious law. He also opposed the Saudi interference in the Buraimi Oasis and was eventually killed by Salim's uncle, Sayyid Turki bin Said in 1870....
     
     , Sultan of Oman
     Sultan of Oman
     -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
     
      (1868–1871)
  2. Turki bin Said
     Turki bin Said, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
     Sayyid Turki bin Said, GCSI was Sultan of Muscat and Oman from January 30, 1871 to June 4, 1888. He was the fifth son of Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman.On Turki's death, he was succeeded by his second son, Faisal bin Turki....
     
     , Sultan of Oman
     Sultan of Oman
     -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
     
      (1871–1888)
• Vietnam
  Vietnam
  Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
  
  (Nguyễn Dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor of Vietnam (1847–1883)

Europe

• Austria-Hungary
  Austria-Hungary
  Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
  
  - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria
  Emperor of Austria
  The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
  
   and King of Hungary
  King of Hungary
  The King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...
  
   (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Count Alfred von Potocki-Pilawa, Minister-President of Austria (1870–1871)
  2. Count Karl Siegmund von Hohenwart, Minister-President of Austria (1871)
  3. Baron Ludwig von Holzgethan
     Baron Ludwig von Holzgethan
     Ludwig Holzgethan, since 1855 von Holzgethan, since 1865 Baron von Holzgethan was an Austrian statesman.- External links :*...
     
     , Minister-President of Austria (1871)
  4. Prince Adolf Wilhelm Daniel von Auersperg, Minister-President of Austria (1871–1879)
  • Minister-President of Hungary -
  1. Count Gyula Andrássy, Minister-President of Hungary (1867–1871)
  2. Count Menyhért Lónyay, Minister-President of Hungary (1871–1872)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II
    Leopold II of Belgium
    Leopold II was the second king of the Belgians. Born in Brussels the second son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie of Orléans, he succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865 and remained king until his death.Leopold is chiefly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free...
    
    , King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief -
    1. Jules Joseph d'Anethan, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1870–1871)
    2. Jules Malou
       Jules Malou
       Jules Edouard Xavier Malou was a Belgian statesman, a leader of the clerical party.He was born at Ypres. He was a civil servant in the department of justice when he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies by his native constituency in 1841, and was for some time governor of the province of Antwerp...
       
       , Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1871–1878, 1884)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX
    Christian IX of Denmark
    Christian IX was King of Denmark from 16 November 1863 to 29 January 1906.Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish...
    
    , King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Ludvig Henrik Carl Herman, Prime Minister of Denmark
    Prime Minister of Denmark
    The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
    
     (1870–1874)
• France
  French Third Republic
  The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
  
  -
  • Head of State -
    1. Jules Trochu, President of the Government of National Defense (1870–1871)
    2. Adolphe Thiers
       Adolphe Thiers
       Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers was a French politician and historian. was a prime minister under King Louis-Philippe of France. Following the overthrow of the Second Empire he again came to prominence as the French leader who suppressed the revolutionary Paris Commune of 1871...
       
       , President of France (1871–1873)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jules Trochu, President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1870–1871)
    2. Jules Dufaure, President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1871–1873)
• German Empire
  German Empire
  The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm I, Kaiser
    Kaiser
    Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
    
     (1871–1888)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck
    Otto von Bismarck
    Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
    
    , Chancellor of Germany (1871–1890)
  • Prussia
    Kingdom of Prussia
    The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
    
    -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861–1888)
    • Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck
      Otto von Bismarck
      Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
      
      , Minister-President of Prussia
      Prime Minister of Prussia
      The office of Minister President or Prime Minister of Prussia existed in one form or another from 1702 until the dissolution of Prussia in 1947. When Prussia was an independent kingdom the Minister President or Prime Minister functioned as the King's Chief Minister and presided over the Prussian...
      
       (1862–1873)
  • Bavaria
    Kingdom of Bavaria
    The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918...
    
    - Ludwig II
    Ludwig II of Bavaria
    Ludwig II was King of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death. He is sometimes called the Swan King and der Märchenkönig, the Fairy tale King...
    
    , King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
    
     (1864–1886)
  • Saxony
    Kingdom of Saxony
    The Kingdom of Saxony , lasting between 1806 and 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. From 1871 it was part of the German Empire. It became a Free state in the era of Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War...
    
    - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
  • Württemberg
    Württemberg
    Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
    
    - Karl, King of Württemberg (1864–1891)
• Greece
  Kingdom of Greece
  The Kingdom of Greece was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers...
  
  -
  • Monarch - George I
    George I of Greece
    George I was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. Originally a Danish prince, George was only 17 years old when he was elected king by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the former king Otto. His nomination was both suggested and supported by the Great Powers...
    
    , King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alexandros Koumoundouros
       Alexandros Koumoundouros
       Alexandros Koumoundouros was a Greek politician. Born in Kampos Avias located in the Messenian side of the Mani Peninsula, he was the son of Spirìdonas-Galànis Koumoundoùros who was the Bey of the area during the last period of the administration of the region by the Ottoman Empire.He was a...
       
       , Prime Minister of Greece
       Prime Minister of Greece
       The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
       
        (1870–1871)
    2. Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece
       Prime Minister of Greece
       The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
       
        (1871–1872)
• Holy See
  Holy See
  The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
  
  - Pope Pius IX
  Pope Pius IX
  Blessed Pope Pius IX , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was the longest-reigning elected Pope in the history of the Catholic Church, serving from 16 June 1846 until his death, a period of nearly 32 years. During his pontificate, he convened the First Vatican Council in 1869, which decreed papal...
  
   (1846–1878)
• Italy
  Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
  The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
  
  -
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II
    Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
    Victor Emanuel II was king of Sardinia from 1849 and, on 17 March 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy to become the first king of a united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878...
    
    , King of Italy
    King of Italy
    King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
    
     (1861–1878)
  • Prime Minister - Giovanni Lanza
    Giovanni Lanza
    Domenico Giovanni Giuseppe Maria Lanza was an Italian politician and the tenth Prime Minister from 1869 to 1873.Lanza was born in the Piedmontese city of Casale Monferrato...
    
    , Prime Minister of Italy
    Prime minister of Italy
    The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
    
     (1869–1873)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - William III
    William III of the Netherlands
    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duke of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866.-Early life:William was born in Brussels as son of William II of the Netherlands and...
    
    , King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister - Emmanuel Servais
    Emmanuel Servais
    Lambert Joseph Emmanuel Servais was a Luxembourgian politician. He held numerous offices of national importance, foremost amongst which was in serving as the fifth Prime Minister of Luxembourg, for seven years, from 3 December 1867 until 26 December 1874.After being Prime Minister, he was a...
    
    , Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1867–1874)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III
    William III of the Netherlands
    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duke of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866.-Early life:William was born in Brussels as son of William II of the Netherlands and...
    
    , King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pieter Philip van Bosse
       Pieter Philip van Bosse
       Mr. Pieter Philip van Bosse was a Dutch politician. He was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 4 June 1868 to 4 January 1871, and, among many other posts, five times Minister of Finances....
       
       , Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers
       Prime Minister of the Netherlands
       The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
       
        (1868–1871
    2. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers
       Prime Minister of the Netherlands
       The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
       
        (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859–1872)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  Ottoman Empire
  The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
  
  
  • Monarch - Abdülaziz
    Abdülâziz
    Abdülaziz I or Abd Al-Aziz, His Imperial Majesty was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876...
    
    , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1867–1871)
    2. Mahmud Nedim Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1871–1872)
• Portugal
  Kingdom of Portugal
  The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
  
  - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
• Romania - Carol I
  Carol I of Romania
  Carol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup...
  
  , Prince of Romania (1866–1881)
• Russia
  Russian Empire
  The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
  
  - Alexander II
  Alexander II of Russia
  Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
  
  , Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Amadeus, King of Spain (1870–1873)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Juan Bautista Topete Carballo, Acting Prime Minister of Spain
       Prime Minister of Spain
       The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
       
        (1870–1871)
    2. Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre
       Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre
       Don Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, 1st Duke of la Torre Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio was a Spanish marshal and statesman...
       
       , Prime Minister of Spain
       Prime Minister of Spain
       The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
       
        (1868–1869, 1871, 1872, 1874)
    3. Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla
       Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla
       Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla was a Spanish politician. He served as prime minister of Spain for a little over ten weeks in the summer of 1871, and again for eight months between June 1872 and February 1873....
       
       , Prime Minister of Spain
       Prime Minister of Spain
       The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
       
        (1871)
    4. José Malcampo Monge,, Prime Minister of Spain
       Prime Minister of Spain
       The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
       
        (1871)
    5. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
       Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
       Práxedes Mariano Mateo Sagasta y Escolar was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister on eight occasions between 1870 and 1902—always in charge of the Liberal Party—as part of the turno pacifico, alternating with the Liberal-Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas...
       
       , Prime Minister of Spain
       Prime Minister of Spain
       The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
       
        (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV
  Charles XV of Sweden
  Charles XV & IV also Carl ; Swedish and Norwegian: Karl was King of Sweden and Norway from 1859 until his death....
  
  , King of Sweden (1859–1872)
• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it....
  
  
  • Monarch - Victoria
    Victoria of the United Kingdom
    Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
    
    , Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - William Ewart Gladstone
    William Ewart Gladstone
    William Ewart Gladstone FRS FSS was a British Liberal statesman. In a career lasting over sixty years, he served as Prime Minister four separate times , more than any other person. Gladstone was also Britain's oldest Prime Minister, 84 years old when he resigned for the last time...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
    
     (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi
  Abu Dhabi
  Abu Dhabi , literally Father of Gazelle, is the capital and the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates in terms of population and the largest of the seven member emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western...
  
  - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
• Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
  (Under Ottoman
  Ottoman Empire
  The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
  
   suzerainty
  Suzerainty
  Suzerainty occurs where a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which controls its foreign affairs while allowing the tributary vassal state some limited domestic autonomy. The dominant entity in the suzerainty relationship, or the more powerful entity itself, is called a...
  
  ) - Ismail, Khedive of Egypt (1867–1879)
• Morocco
  Morocco
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
  
  - Mohammed IV
  Mohammed IV of Morocco
  Mohammed IV was Sultan of Morocco from 1859 to 1873, and was a member of the Alaouite dynasty. The Spanish-Moroccan War occurred during his reign, and the Moroccan city of Tétouan fell to Spanish forces in 1861.-References:* *...
  
  , Sultan of Morocco (1859–1873)

North America and Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch - Victoria
    Victoria of the United Kingdom
    Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
    
    , Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
  • Governor General - Lord Lisgar
    John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar
    John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar, Bt, GCB, GCMG, PC was the second Governor General of Canada, in office from 1869 to 1872.-Biography:...
    
    , Governor-General of Canada (1869–1872)
  • Prime Minister - John A. Macdonald
    John A. Macdonald
    Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century...
    
    , Prime Minister of Canada
    Prime Minister of Canada
    The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
    
     (1867–1891)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
  - Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez
  Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez
  General Tomás Miguel Guardia Gutiérrez was President of Costa Rica on two occasions:from 1870 to 1876, and from 1877 to 1882....
  
  , President of Costa Rica (1870–1876)
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
  - Nissage Saget
  Nissage Saget
  Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget succeeded Sylvain Salnave as President of Haiti in 1869. He was the first Haitian president to serve out his term of office and retire voluntarily, although his retirement led to a renewal of the political turmoil between blacks and the country's mulatto elites. He...
  
  , President of Haiti (1869-1874)
• Mexico - Benito Juárez
  Benito Juárez
  Benito Juárez born Benito Pablo Juárez García, was a Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served five terms as president of Mexico: 1858–1861 as interim, 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872...
  
  , President of Mexico
  President of Mexico
  The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
  
   (1867–1872)
• United States - Ulysses S. Grant
  Ulysses S. Grant
  Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America...
  
  , President of the United States
  President of the United States
  The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
  
   (1869–1877)

Oceania

• Fiji
  Fiji
  Fiji , officially the Republic of Fiji , is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island...
  
  - Seru Epenisa Cakobau
  Seru Epenisa Cakobau
  Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau was a Fijian Ratu and warlord who united part of Fiji's warring tribes under his leadership, establishing a united Fijian kingdom.-Background:...
  
  , King of Fiji
  Tui Viti
  The monarchy of Fiji arose in the mid-nineteenth century when native ruler Seru Epenisa Cakobau consolidated control of the Fijian Islands and declared himself King or paramount chief of Fiji . In 1874, he voluntarily ceded sovereignty of the islands to Britain, which made Fiji a Crown colony...
  
   (1852–1874)
• Hawaii
  Kingdom of Hawaii
  The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
  
  - Kamehameha V
  Kamehameha V
  aloghaKamehameha V , born as Lot Kapuāiwa, reigned as monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipa`a": immovable, firm, steadfast or determined; he worked diligently for his people and kingdom and was described as the last great traditional chief...
  
  , King of Hawaii  (1863–1872)
• Samoa
  Samoa
  Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
  
  - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a
  Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a
  Le Susuga Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a was installed as "King" of Samoa to the western world on August 28, 1879 until his death on November 9, 1880. Since Malietoa Talavou's half brother's death, Malietoa Moli in 1860, ongoing wars due to power and authority struggle between Talavou and Laupepa Le...
  
  , Malietoa
  Malietoa
  Malietoa is a state dynasty and chiefly title in Samoa. Literally translated as "great warrior," the title's origin comes from the final words of the Tongan warriors as they were fleeing on the beach to their boats, "Malie To`a, Malie tau"....
  
   (1860–1880)
• Tahiti
  Tahiti
  Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of French Polynesia, located in the archipelago of the Society Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is the economic, cultural and political centre of French Polynesia. The island was formed from volcanic activity and is high and mountainous...
  
  - Pomare IV
  Pomare IV
  Pōmare IV, Queen of Tahiti , more properly Aimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraitua , was the queen of Tahiti between 1827 and 1877...
  
  , Queen of Tahiti (1827–1877)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
  - Tāufaʻāhau
  George Tupou I of Tonga
  George Tupou I, King of Tonga , originally known as Tāufaāhau I with some extra names: Tupou Maeakafaua Ngininginiofolanga , but took the name Siaosi when baptised in 1831...
  
  , Tu'i Kanokupolu
  Tu'i Kanokupolu
  The Ha'a Tu'i Kanokupolu is the most junior of the Ha'a Tu'i in Tonga. They are generally refer to as the Kau Halalalo The Ha'a Tu'i Tonga, the most senior and Sacred Ha'a Tu'i in Tonga are generally refer to as the Kauhala'uta, The inland side of the roads...
  
   (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
  - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
  Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
  Domingo Faustino Sarmiento was an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the seventh President of Argentina. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history...
  
  , President of Argentina
  President of Argentina
  The President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
  
   (1868–1874)
• Brazil - Pedro II
  Pedro II of Brazil
  Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
  
  , Emperor of Brazil (1831–1889)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
  - Gabrial García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1869–1875)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
  - Lorenzo Batlle y Grau
  Lorenzo Batlle y Grau
  Lorenzo Cristóbal Manuel Batlle y Grau was the President of Uruguay from 1868–1872.-Family Background and early career:He was the son of a wealthy merchant loyal to the Spanish crown...
  
  , President of Uruguay (1868–1872)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
  - Antonio Guzmán Blanco
  Antonio Guzmán Blanco
  Antonio Leocadio Guzmán Blanco was President of Venezuela for three separate terms, from 1870–1877, from 1879–1884, and from 1886–1887....
  
  , President of Venezuela (1870–1877)