Emigration from Europe
Encyclopedia
Emigration from Europe began on a large scale during the European colonial empires of the 17th to 19th centuries. This concerns especially the Spanish Empire
in the 16th to 17th centuries (expansion of the Hispanosphere), the British Empire
in the 18th to 19th centuries (expansion of the Anglosphere
), the Portuguese Empire
and the Russian Empire
in the 19th century (expansion to Central Asia
and the Russian Far East
).
Today, large populations of European descent are found on every continent. European ancestry predominates in North America
, and to a lesser degree in South America
(particularly in Argentina
, Brazil
, Chile
, Falkland Islands
, and Uruguay
); most of South America has majorities of part-European ancestry, as do Central America
and Mexico
. Also, Australia
and New Zealand
, which are consequently considered part of the Western world
, have large European-derived populations.
In Asia
, European-derived populations (specifically Russians
) predominate in Northern Asia, which is part of the Russian Federation. Israel
has a significant minority of Ashkenazi Jews
of European extraction. Africa
has no countries with European-derived majorities, but there are significant minorities, such as the White South Africans; Cape Verde
and São Tomé and Príncipe
have majorities of partial European blood.
The countries that received most European immigrants from 1871 to 1940, in descending order, were: the United States
(27 million), Argentina (6.4 million), Brazil
(4.4 million), Canada
(4 million), Cuba
(610,000) and Uruguay (500,000).
, starting in the 15th century. About 200,000 Spaniards settled in their American colonies prior to 1600, a small settlement compared to the 3 to 4 million Amerindians who lived in Spanish territory in the Americas. In Brazil, the European emigration remained very small in the first two centuries of colonization: between 1500 and 1700, only 100,000 Portuguese settled there. However, the development of the mining economy in the 18th century raised the wages and employment opportunities in the Portuguese colony and the emigration grew: in the 18th century alone, about 400,000 Portuguese settled in Brazil, a mass emigration given that Portugal had a population of only 2 million people. In North America
the emigration was dominated by British
, Irish
and other Northern Europeans.
until 1930, some 60 million Europeans (and 10 million Asians) emigrated. Of these, 71% went to North America
, 21% to Latin America
(mainly Argentina
and Brazil
) and 7% to Australia
. About 11 million of these people went to Latin America, of whom 38% were Italians, 28% were Spaniards and 11% were Portuguese.
Between 1821 and 1880, 9.5 million Europeans settled in the United States, mainly Germans
and Irish. Other waves included British and Scandinavia
n people. Despite the large number of immigrants arriving, people born outside of the United States formed a relatively small number of U.S. population: in 1910, foreigners were 14.7% of the country's population. Nothing similar to what happened in Argentina, which was the American country where immigrants had a larger impact in the ethnic composition. By 1914, 30% of Argentina's population was foreign-born, with 12% of its population born in Italy, the largest immigrant group. Next was Canada
: by 1881, 14% of Canada's population was foreign-born, and the proportion increased to 22% in 1921. In Brazil the proportion of immigrants in the national population was much smaller, because immigrants tended to be concentrated in the central and Southern parts of the country. The proportion of foreigners in Brazil peaked in 1920, with 7%, mostly Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, Germans and Japanese. In 1901-1920 immigration was responsible for only 7 percent of Brazilian population growth but in the years of high immigration, 1891–1900, the share was as high as 30 percent (higher than Argentina's 26% in the 1880s).
} (White South African) - 9.6-13% of the population (mostly Afrikaners and Anglo-African
s), Cape Coloureds
have Afrikaans
ancestry included with African and Asian ancestry from the 17th to 19th centuries.
} (white Namibians) - 6% of the population, of which most are Afrikaans-speaking, in addition to a German-speaking minority.
} (French people in Madagascar
) - 113,000 people or 0.5% of the total population are white, mostly French. A further 76,000 are Réunionese Creole, bringing this total to 200,000 people and 1% of the total population.
} (mostly of French descent) approx. 25% of the population. Cafres usually have some degree of European descent.
} - about 2% in the 2001 census. (Whites in Zimbabwe
).
} - 5% European.
} (Whites in Kenya
).
} (Pied-noir
).
} (Franco-Mauritian
).
} - French/European and Middle Eastern communities.
} (Spaniards
), known as Canarians
.
} (Franco-Seychellois
).
} (UK) - predominantly British.
} - 3% of the population
} - European expatriates, Spanish-descent Muslims (the Moorish era in Spain), Spanish Moroccan Roman Catholics from Spanish colonial time, and Franco-Moroccans from French colonial period.
} - Small community of Europeans.
} (Portuguese Angolans
) - 1% are mostly Portuguese, with 2% are of mixed Portuguese and Angolan descent
} (Portuguese Mozambicans
) - 0.1% of the population is mostly Portuguese, with 0.2% of mixed Portuguese and native ancestry
About 1-4% of the populations in Côte d'Ivoire
, Ghana
, Guinea
, Liberia
, Nigeria
and Sierra Leone
, usually are in the professional business elites. Not limited to Europeans, the "white" population includes Arab
peoples: Lebanese
and Syrians.
} - approximately 441,000 people or 0.5% of the total population are Vietnamese
Eurasians
, mainly of French and American ancestry from former French
and American
soldiers and settlers.
} (Anglo-Indian
) - approximately 312,000 people or 0.02% of the total population are mixed White (mainly British) and Indian.
} (Anglo-Indian
) (Anglo-Bengali) - approximately 113,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.
} (Anglo-Burmese
) - approximately 51,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.
} (Kristang people
) - approximately 52,000 people or 0.2% of the total population are the descendents of former White settlers (including Portuguese, British, and Dutch) who intermaried with local populations.
} (Burghers
)- often from settlers in former British, Dutch, French and Portuguese colonies.
} Siberia
(Russians
) - most are Russians and Russified Ukrainians
, with approximately 400,000 Russified ethnic Germans, a number are part-European.
} (Russians in Kazakhstan
, Tatars of Kazakhstan
, Germans of Kazakhstan
) - 31.5% of the population
} - 7% of the population (See Demographics of Uzbekistan
).
} - 13.5% of the population
} - 4% of the population
} - Tajiks are ethnic relatives of both Turkic and Indo-Iranian peoples, but has a small European minority.
}
} (Russians in Georgia
)
} - Most Armenians have some degree of European descent, but Armenia has a small minority of 21,000 Europeans, mostly of Russian and Ukrainian origin. Even though Armenia is in Asia, the Armenian language
is part of Western or European group of Indo-European languages (as opposed to the Indo-Iranian
group) and is most closely related to Greek.
} - 0.5% of the population or approximately 12,000 people are European, mostly of Ukrainian or Russian descent.
} (Russians in China)
} (Britons in Hong Kong
, Canadians in Hong Kong
, Americans in Hong Kong
, Russians in Hong Kong
)
} (Macanese people) of Portuguese descent.
} (Eurasians in Singapore) - approximately 60,000 White people reside in Singapore, or 1.3% of the total population. An additional 46,000 Eurasians (or 1% of the total population) reside in Singapore, bringing this total to approximately 106,000 people or 2.3% of the total population. Both these racial groups are mostly of British, Portuguese, and Dutch descent.
} (Filipino mestizo
, Spanish settlement in the Philippines, American settlement in the Philippines) - Filipino-Eurasians, either of Spanish or U.S. American ancestry.
} (Indo people) - 14,000 people, mostly of mixed Indonesian and Dutch descent.
} - approximately 16,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are Cambodian
Eurasians, mainly of French ancestry from former French settlers.
} (Anglo-Indian
) (Anglo-Pakistani) - approximately 11,000 people or 0.005% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.
} - approximately 1,100 people or 0.08% of the total population are Portuguese, descended from former Portuguese settlers.
} - an unknown number of Eurasians
with French ancestry who are the descendents of former French settlers reside in Laos.
} - approximately 13% of the total population are White, with a further 2% Eurasian, both are British Australian.
} - 28.5% or one third of the total population are White, mostly British Australian.
Small communities of European and American expatriates live in East Asia, such as China
, Japan
, Korea
and Thailand
.
} (Ashkenazim
)- Israelis can be of European, Asian and African origins.
} (Italian Lebanese
) - Small community of Europeans. (mainly from French, Italian, Greek and Americans from European origin)
Small communities of European and American expatriates in the Persian Gulf
countries like Bahrain
, Kuwait
, Qatar
and the UAE; and in Aramco compounds in Saudi Arabia
. Historically before 1970, small ethnic European (esp. Greek, Italian and Armenian) enclaves were found in Egypt
, Iran
, Iraq
, Lebanon
and Syria
.
-- approximately 446,394,000
} - 12% of the population or about 7,000 people, however the Greenlandic people are of any Scandinavian (majority being Danes) or Inuit-Eskimo descent.
} (Euro-Canadian
) - 80% of the population, or 28,000,000 people, mostly divided into Anglophone
(18 million) and Francophone
(10 million).
} (European American
) - 74% of the population, or 221,300,000 including Non-Hispanic Whites
and White Hispanics, the majority of the latter have partial European ancestry.
} - 97% of the population or 34,510,000, may include a still unknown percentage of mestizos and mulattos.
} (European Bahamian
) - 12% of the population or 39,600, the majority are African or other races.
} (White Barbadian
) - 4% of the population or 11,238, it's thought to be the highest of all British West Indies islands.
} - 34.1% of the population or 23,064, with a black or part-white/black majority.
} - 15% of the population or 1,636,000, the country except for Paraguay have the lowest white populations of South America.
} (White Brazilian
) - 49.7% of the population or 93,000,000. It is estimated that about ~80 to 95%+ of White Brazilians can have some non-European origin (including Jewish, North African, Middle Eastern
and Romani descent, but also true for Amerindian, African and East Asian
). Another 42.6% are pardo
s of mixed White, African and/or Amerindian descent (showed by genetic research to be of about 80% European ancestry). Afro-Brazilian
s by genetical research showed to be of about 37.1% European ancestry (the majority inherited by colonial
or Imperial times and of Portuguese origin). Some people of claimed Asian and Indigenous origin can also have European descent.
} - 30% of the population or 5,128,000, plus 65% of mestizos (European and Amerindian descent)
} (white Colombian
) - 20% of the population or 9,117,000, 40 to 60% are part white (mestizo or mulatto).
} - up to 90% white and/or mestizo (European and Amerindian descent), or 3,827,000.
} - 65% of the population or 7,204,000, the definition of white in the Caribbean is different from the US Census' own definitions.
} - 16% of the population or 1,614,000, with 50-60% are mulatto or European-African.
} - 7% of the population or 1,000,000, while 40% are mestizos.
} - 9% of the population or 720,000, but the remainder 90% have some European ancestry.
} - 12% of the population or 26,000, but the French government insists all citizens of France regardless of race are "French".
} 18% of the population or 2,490,000 people.
} - 4% of the population in Haiti are white and mulatto (both African and European ancestry) and 1% European, or 97,000. White Haitians (not counting Middle Eastern descendants into the category) are chiefly of French, Italian, or German origin. This figure excludes the percentage of Haitians with less than noticeable European admixture.
} - Approximately 2% of the population or 40,000 people are White, mainly British, American, and Portuguese (This number increases to 60,000 people and 3% of the total population when Arabs and Lebanese are included). However, the vast majority of the population in Jamaica have some degree of European Ancestry.
} - 2% of the population or 8,000, with another 3% mulatto descent.
} (White Mexican
) - About 18% of the population European or about 20,160,000, and an additional 72% of mixed European and Amerindian descent
} - 17% of the population or 1,000,000 people, and 70% mestizo.
} 8.6% of the population is Whtie of European origin or 292,000 people, 58.1% mestizo, 14% mulatto, 6.7% Amerindian, 5.5% Asian, and 7.1% other (2000 Census).
} approx. 80% of the population or 2,980,000 are self-declared European ancestry, but over half of Puerto Ricans have some degree of African ancestry, and 10% of males and 84% of females have some indigenous Carib Indians ancestry.
} (European Peruvian) - 15% of the population or 3,425,000, about 40% mestizo or partial European descent.
} - 1.7% of European descent or 24,600, mainly British, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, with a number of Scandinavian descent, although 30-40% have East Indian
or 5% are Lebanese/Syrian Arab backgrounds.
} (white Venezuelan
) - 20% of the population or 5,821,000
} - 88% of the population or 3,074,000, the rest have various levels of European descent.
}--90% or 7,940; Saint Martin
(Statistics not available).
}, 100% European of British descent--total population 3,140.
The Virgin Islands
divided between United States Virgin Islands
and the British Virgin Islands
, each have a small European minority.
} (European Australian
) - 93.2% of the population or 20,299,000 people, and part-white-Australian Aborigines
number about 500,000 as opposed to the approximately 50,000 pure blooded Australian Aborigines who can speak Australian languages.
} (New Zealand European
) - 59.1% of the population or 2,361,000, plus some Māori of mixed white-European descent.
} (Caldoche
) - 44.6% of the population or about 112,050; the territory is under French rule.
} - 10% of the population (mostly French with some white Americans) or 26,700, and 6 to 8% are Euronesian
(part white-Polynesian).
} - Europeans are 27.1% of the population (2008 survey) or 367,000 (called Haole
s), although 65% of all Hawaiians have white-European descent.
} - 10% of the population have Spanish and white American descent (2000 Census) or about 17,800 people. Guam has a history of Spanish settlement before 1900, now a U.S. territory.
}, about 50% British-Polynesian from Pitcairn Island (1,070 people) and 50% white-British descent mainly via Australia (1,070 people).
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power....
in the 16th to 17th centuries (expansion of the Hispanosphere), the British Empire
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
in the 18th to 19th centuries (expansion of the Anglosphere
Anglosphere
Anglosphere is a neologism which refers to those nations with English as the most common language. The term can be used more specifically to refer to those nations which share certain characteristics within their cultures based on a linguistic heritage, through being former British colonies...
), the Portuguese Empire
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire , also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire or the Portuguese Colonial Empire , was the first global empire in history...
and the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
in the 19th century (expansion to Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
and the Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
).
Today, large populations of European descent are found on every continent. European ancestry predominates in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, and to a lesser degree in South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
(particularly in Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
, Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
, and Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
); most of South America has majorities of part-European ancestry, as do Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
and Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. Also, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, which are consequently considered part of the Western world
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
, have large European-derived populations.
In Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, European-derived populations (specifically Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
) predominate in Northern Asia, which is part of the Russian Federation. Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
has a significant minority of Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Ashkenaz is the medieval Hebrew name for this region and thus for Germany...
of European extraction. Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
has no countries with European-derived majorities, but there are significant minorities, such as the White South Africans; Cape Verde
Cape Verde
The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
and São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
have majorities of partial European blood.
The countries that received most European immigrants from 1871 to 1940, in descending order, were: the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
(27 million), Argentina (6.4 million), Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
(4.4 million), Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
(4 million), Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
(610,000) and Uruguay (500,000).
Early emigration
- AntiquityAncient historyAncient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of recorded human history to the Early Middle Ages. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, with Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing, from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC...
- North AfricaNorth AfricaNorth Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
(VandalsVandalsThe Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. The Vandals under king Genseric entered Africa in 429 and by 439 established a kingdom which included the Roman Africa province, besides the islands of Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia and the Balearics....
) - Asia MinorAsia MinorAsia Minor is a geographical location at the westernmost protrusion of Asia, also called Anatolia, and corresponds to the western two thirds of the Asian part of Turkey...
(GreeksGreeksThe Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
and GalatiansGalatiaAncient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. Galatia was named for the immigrant Gauls from Thrace , who settled here and became its ruling caste in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. It has been called the "Gallia" of...
) - Tarim BasinTarim BasinThe Tarim Basin is a large endorheic basin occupying an area of about . It is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China's far west. Its northern boundary is the Tian Shan mountain range and its southern is the Kunlun Mountains on the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The...
(possibly TochariansTochariansThe Tocharians were the Tocharian-speaking inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, making them the easternmost speakers of Indo-European languages in antiquity. They were known as, or at least closely related to, the Yuezhi of Chinese sources...
) - EgyptAncient EgyptAncient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...
(Greeks in EgyptGreeks in Egypt-Antiquity:Greeks have been living in Egypt since the ancient times. Herodotus, who visited Egypt in the 5th century BC, claimed that the Greeks were one of the first foreigners that ever lived in Egypt. Diodorus Siculus attested that Rhodian Actis, one of the Heliadae built the city of Heliopolis...
) - Hindukush and Northern India (Indo-Greeks)
- North Africa
- Middle AgesMiddle AgesThe Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
- Asia MinorAsia MinorAsia Minor is a geographical location at the westernmost protrusion of Asia, also called Anatolia, and corresponds to the western two thirds of the Asian part of Turkey...
(Slavs) - GreenlandGreenlandGreenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for...
(Greenland Vikings) - Kingdom of JerusalemKingdom of JerusalemThe Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Catholic kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. The kingdom lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, was destroyed by the Mamluks, but its history is divided into two distinct periods....
(Franks) - 25-35% of the population
- Asia Minor
Colonial period
Emigration from Europe happened during the colonization of the AmericasAmericas
The Americas, or America , are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World. In English, the plural form the Americas is often used to refer to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, while the singular form America is primarily...
, starting in the 15th century. About 200,000 Spaniards settled in their American colonies prior to 1600, a small settlement compared to the 3 to 4 million Amerindians who lived in Spanish territory in the Americas. In Brazil, the European emigration remained very small in the first two centuries of colonization: between 1500 and 1700, only 100,000 Portuguese settled there. However, the development of the mining economy in the 18th century raised the wages and employment opportunities in the Portuguese colony and the emigration grew: in the 18th century alone, about 400,000 Portuguese settled in Brazil, a mass emigration given that Portugal had a population of only 2 million people. In North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
the emigration was dominated by British
British people
The British are citizens of the United Kingdom, of the Isle of Man, any of the Channel Islands, or of any of the British overseas territories, and their descendants...
, Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
and other Northern Europeans.
Post-independence emigration
Mass European emigration to the Americas happened in the 19th and 20th centuries. After the end of the Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
until 1930, some 60 million Europeans (and 10 million Asians) emigrated. Of these, 71% went to North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, 21% to Latin America
Latin America
Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages – particularly Spanish and Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km² , almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area...
(mainly Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
and Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
) and 7% to Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. About 11 million of these people went to Latin America, of whom 38% were Italians, 28% were Spaniards and 11% were Portuguese.
Between 1821 and 1880, 9.5 million Europeans settled in the United States, mainly Germans
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
and Irish. Other waves included British and Scandinavia
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
n people. Despite the large number of immigrants arriving, people born outside of the United States formed a relatively small number of U.S. population: in 1910, foreigners were 14.7% of the country's population. Nothing similar to what happened in Argentina, which was the American country where immigrants had a larger impact in the ethnic composition. By 1914, 30% of Argentina's population was foreign-born, with 12% of its population born in Italy, the largest immigrant group. Next was Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
: by 1881, 14% of Canada's population was foreign-born, and the proportion increased to 22% in 1921. In Brazil the proportion of immigrants in the national population was much smaller, because immigrants tended to be concentrated in the central and Southern parts of the country. The proportion of foreigners in Brazil peaked in 1920, with 7%, mostly Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, Germans and Japanese. In 1901-1920 immigration was responsible for only 7 percent of Brazilian population growth but in the years of high immigration, 1891–1900, the share was as high as 30 percent (higher than Argentina's 26% in the 1880s).
By region
Nations and regions outside of Europe with significant populations of European ancestry :Africa
- AfricaAfricaAfrica is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
} (White South African) - 9.6-13% of the population (mostly Afrikaners and Anglo-African
Anglo-African
Anglo-Africans are primarily White African people of largely British descent who live or come from Sub-Saharan Africa and are Anglophone. A large majority live in South Africa...
s), Cape Coloureds
Cape Coloureds
The Cape Coloureds form a minority group within South Africa, however they are the predominant population group in the Western Cape. They are generally bilingual, however subsets within the group can be exclusively Afrikaans speakers, whereas others primarily speak English...
have Afrikaans
Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language, spoken natively in South Africa and Namibia. It is a daughter language of Dutch, originating in its 17th century dialects, collectively referred to as Cape Dutch .Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch; see , , , , , .Afrikaans was historically called Cape...
ancestry included with African and Asian ancestry from the 17th to 19th centuries.
} (white Namibians) - 6% of the population, of which most are Afrikaans-speaking, in addition to a German-speaking minority.
} (French people in Madagascar
French people in Madagascar
There is a small but recognizable community of French people in Madagascar, of whom the vast majority are born in Madagascar and are descended from former French settlers and colonists who settled in Madagascar during the 19th and 20th centuries brought by Francois Delouche...
) - 113,000 people or 0.5% of the total population are white, mostly French. A further 76,000 are Réunionese Creole, bringing this total to 200,000 people and 1% of the total population.
} (mostly of French descent) approx. 25% of the population. Cafres usually have some degree of European descent.
} - about 2% in the 2001 census. (Whites in Zimbabwe
Whites in Zimbabwe
White Zimbabweans are people from the southern African country Zimbabwe who identify themselves as white...
).
} - 5% European.
} (Whites in Kenya
Whites in Kenya
There is a minor but relatively prominent group of white people in Kenya, mainly descendants of British settlers from the colonial era.-History:...
).
} (Pied-noir
Pied-noir
Pied-Noir , plural Pieds-Noirs, pronounced , is a term referring to French citizens of various origins who lived in French Algeria before independence....
).
} (Franco-Mauritian
Franco-Mauritian
Franco-Mauritians are people of mainly French origin who reside in Mauritius. They number more than 24,000.-Origins:The first French settlers arrived in Mauritius in 1722, after the previous attempts of settlement by the Dutch had failed, and the island had once again become abandoned...
).
} - French/European and Middle Eastern communities.
} (Spaniards
Spanish people
The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
), known as Canarians
Canarian people
The Canarians are an ethnic group living in the archipelago of the Canary Islands , near the coast of Western Africa...
.
} (Franco-Seychellois
Franco-Seychellois
Franco-Seychellois are people of French origin living in the Seychelles. They form the country's second-largest ethnic group .-Origins:Many Franco-Seychellois settled on the islands during the period of French rule over the archipelago. During this time, African and Malagasy slaves were also...
).
} (UK) - predominantly British.
} - 3% of the population
} - European expatriates, Spanish-descent Muslims (the Moorish era in Spain), Spanish Moroccan Roman Catholics from Spanish colonial time, and Franco-Moroccans from French colonial period.
} - Small community of Europeans.
} (Portuguese Angolans
Portuguese Angolans
Portuguese Angolan is a person of Portuguese descent born or permanently living in Angola.-History:The first Portuguese settlements in Angola were established in the 16th century. Some Portuguese settlers married native Africans resulting in a mixed-race population...
) - 1% are mostly Portuguese, with 2% are of mixed Portuguese and Angolan descent
} (Portuguese Mozambicans
Portuguese Mozambicans
Portuguese Mozambicans are Mozambican-born descendants of Portuguese settlers.-History:Portuguese explorers turned to present-day Mozambique and two other PALOP nations to bring black slaves to Portugal before bringing them to work for their plantations in their Latin American province, the...
) - 0.1% of the population is mostly Portuguese, with 0.2% of mixed Portuguese and native ancestry
About 1-4% of the populations in Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire
The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
, Ghana
Ghana
Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
, Guinea
Guinea
Guinea , officially the Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea , it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea is divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures...
, Liberia
Liberia
Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
, Nigeria
Nigeria
Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
and Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
, usually are in the professional business elites. Not limited to Europeans, the "white" population includes Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
peoples: Lebanese
Lebanese people
The Lebanese people are a nation and ethnic group of Levantine people originating in what is today the country of Lebanon, including those who had inhabited Mount Lebanon prior to the creation of the modern Lebanese state....
and Syrians.
Asia
- AsiaAsiaAsia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
} - approximately 441,000 people or 0.5% of the total population are Vietnamese
Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
Eurasians
Eurasian (mixed ancestry)
The word Eurasian refers to people of mixed Asian and European ancestry. It was originally coined in 19th-century British India to refer to Anglo-Indians of mixed British and Indian descent....
, mainly of French and American ancestry from former French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
and American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
soldiers and settlers.
} (Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people of British descent born or living in India, now mainly historical in the latter sense. British residents in India used the term "Eurasians" for people of mixed European and Indian descent...
) - approximately 312,000 people or 0.02% of the total population are mixed White (mainly British) and Indian.
} (Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people of British descent born or living in India, now mainly historical in the latter sense. British residents in India used the term "Eurasians" for people of mixed European and Indian descent...
) (Anglo-Bengali) - approximately 113,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.
} (Anglo-Burmese
Anglo-Burmese
The Anglo-Burmese, also known as the Anglo-Burmans, are a community of Eurasians of Burmese and European descent, and emerged as a distinct community through mixed relations between the British and other European settlers and the indigenous peoples of Burma from 1826 until 1948 when Burma gained...
) - approximately 51,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.
} (Kristang people
Kristang people
The Kristang are a creole ethnic group of people of mixed Portuguese and Malaccan descent based in Malaysia and Singapore. People of this ethnicity have strong Dutch heritage, some British as well as Chinese and Indian heritage due to intermarriage, which was common among the Kristang...
) - approximately 52,000 people or 0.2% of the total population are the descendents of former White settlers (including Portuguese, British, and Dutch) who intermaried with local populations.
} (Burghers
Burgher people
The Burghers are a Eurasian ethnic group, historically from Sri Lanka, consisting for the most part of male-line descendants of European colonists from the 16th to 20th centuries and local women, with some minorities of Swedish, Norwegian, French and Irish.Today the mother tongue of the Burghers...
)- often from settlers in former British, Dutch, French and Portuguese colonies.
} Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
(Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
) - most are Russians and Russified Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
, with approximately 400,000 Russified ethnic Germans, a number are part-European.
} (Russians in Kazakhstan
Russians in Kazakhstan
There has been a substantial population of Russians in Kazakhstan since the 19th century. Although their numbers have been reduced since the breakup of the Soviet Union, they remain prominent in Kazakh society today.-Early colonization:...
, Tatars of Kazakhstan
Tatars of Kazakhstan
The Volga Tatars of Kazakhstan are a minority in Kazakhstan, and make up 1.5% of the population. There are 249,000 Volga Tatars living in Kazakhstan accordingly to 1999 census ....
, Germans of Kazakhstan
Germans of Kazakhstan
The Germans of Kazakhstan are a minority in Kazakhstan, and make up a small percentage of the population. Today they live mostly in the northeastern part of the country between the cities of Astana and Oskemen, the majority being urban dwellers...
) - 31.5% of the population
} - 7% of the population (See Demographics of Uzbekistan
Demographics of Uzbekistan
The Demographics of Uzbekistan is about the demographic features of the population of Uzbekistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population...
).
} - 13.5% of the population
} - 4% of the population
} - Tajiks are ethnic relatives of both Turkic and Indo-Iranian peoples, but has a small European minority.
}
} (Russians in Georgia
Russians in Georgia
There is a substantial Russian population in Georgia. For many years, Georgia was a part of the Russian Empire, and later the Soviet Union with Russia, and as the two countries share a border, many Russians emigrated to live in the Northern regions of Georgia.However, the population has decreased...
)
} - Most Armenians have some degree of European descent, but Armenia has a small minority of 21,000 Europeans, mostly of Russian and Ukrainian origin. Even though Armenia is in Asia, the Armenian language
Armenian language
The Armenian language is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia as well as in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The language is also widely spoken by Armenian communities in the Armenian diaspora...
is part of Western or European group of Indo-European languages (as opposed to the Indo-Iranian
Indo-Iranian
Indo-Iranian can refer to:* Indo-Iranian languages* Prehistoric Indo-Iranians * Indo-European languages* Proto-Indo-Iranian religion* Proto-Indo-Iranian language...
group) and is most closely related to Greek.
} - 0.5% of the population or approximately 12,000 people are European, mostly of Ukrainian or Russian descent.
} (Russians in China)
} (Britons in Hong Kong
Britons in Hong Kong
Britons never made up more than a small portion of the population in Hong Kong, despite the fact that Hong Kong was under British rule for more than 150 years. However, they did leave their mark on institutions, culture and Architecture of Hong Kong...
, Canadians in Hong Kong
Canadians in Hong Kong
Like their American counterparts, a significant number of people with Canadian citizenship live and work in Hong Kong. Many are former Hong Kong residents that left prior to the 1997 handover and later returned when they had a Canadian passport and had some of the fears allayed. Some are...
, Americans in Hong Kong
Americans in Hong Kong
There were estimated to be 60,000 Americans in Hong Kong . They consist of both native-born Americans of various ethnic backgrounds, including Chinese Americans, as well as former Hong Kong emigrants to the United States who returned after gaining American citizenship. Most Americans in Hong Kong...
, Russians in Hong Kong
Russians in Hong Kong
Russians in Hong Kong form one of the territory's smaller groups of expatriates and a minor portion of the worldwide Russian diaspora.-History:...
)
} (Macanese people) of Portuguese descent.
} (Eurasians in Singapore) - approximately 60,000 White people reside in Singapore, or 1.3% of the total population. An additional 46,000 Eurasians (or 1% of the total population) reside in Singapore, bringing this total to approximately 106,000 people or 2.3% of the total population. Both these racial groups are mostly of British, Portuguese, and Dutch descent.
} (Filipino mestizo
Filipino mestizo
Filipino mestizo is a term used in the Philippines to describe people of mixed Filipino and foreign ancestry. The word mestizo is of Spanish origin, and was originally used in the Americas to only describe people of mixed European and Native American ancestry.- History :Spanish periodThe Spanish...
, Spanish settlement in the Philippines, American settlement in the Philippines) - Filipino-Eurasians, either of Spanish or U.S. American ancestry.
} (Indo people) - 14,000 people, mostly of mixed Indonesian and Dutch descent.
} - approximately 16,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are Cambodian
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
Eurasians, mainly of French ancestry from former French settlers.
} (Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people of British descent born or living in India, now mainly historical in the latter sense. British residents in India used the term "Eurasians" for people of mixed European and Indian descent...
) (Anglo-Pakistani) - approximately 11,000 people or 0.005% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.
} - approximately 1,100 people or 0.08% of the total population are Portuguese, descended from former Portuguese settlers.
} - an unknown number of Eurasians
Eurasian (mixed ancestry)
The word Eurasian refers to people of mixed Asian and European ancestry. It was originally coined in 19th-century British India to refer to Anglo-Indians of mixed British and Indian descent....
with French ancestry who are the descendents of former French settlers reside in Laos.
} - approximately 13% of the total population are White, with a further 2% Eurasian, both are British Australian.
} - 28.5% or one third of the total population are White, mostly British Australian.
Small communities of European and American expatriates live in East Asia, such as China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
and Thailand
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
.
- The Middle East
} (Ashkenazim
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Ashkenaz is the medieval Hebrew name for this region and thus for Germany...
)- Israelis can be of European, Asian and African origins.
} (Italian Lebanese
Italian Lebanese
Italians in Lebanon is a community in Lebanon with a history that goes back to Roman times.-History:In 64 B.C., the Roman general Pompey added both Lebanon and Syria to the Roman Republic. During and before this time, Phoenicians and Romans exchanged knowledge, habits, and customs...
) - Small community of Europeans. (mainly from French, Italian, Greek and Americans from European origin)
Small communities of European and American expatriates in the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers...
countries like Bahrain
Bahrain
' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
, Kuwait
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
, Qatar
Qatar
Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
and the UAE; and in Aramco compounds in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
. Historically before 1970, small ethnic European (esp. Greek, Italian and Armenian) enclaves were found in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
, Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
and Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
.
Americas
Total European population in the AmericasAmericas
The Americas, or America , are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World. In English, the plural form the Americas is often used to refer to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, while the singular form America is primarily...
-- approximately 446,394,000
Europeans in Northern America
- Northern AmericaNorthern AmericaNorthern America is the northernmost region of the Americas, and is part of the North American continent. It lies directly north of the region of Middle America; the land border between the two regions coincides with the border between the United States and Mexico...
-- Total European population approximately 249,300,000
} - 12% of the population or about 7,000 people, however the Greenlandic people are of any Scandinavian (majority being Danes) or Inuit-Eskimo descent.
} (Euro-Canadian
Euro-Canadian
European Canadians are Canadian people of European origin, descent, birth, or ancestry. English Canadians , French Canadians and Scottish Canadians were the three largest self-reported ancestry groups in the Canada 2001 Census....
) - 80% of the population, or 28,000,000 people, mostly divided into Anglophone
Canadian English
Canadian English is the variety of English spoken in Canada. English is the first language, or "mother tongue", of approximately 24 million Canadians , and more than 28 million are fluent in the language...
(18 million) and Francophone
Canadian French
Canadian French is an umbrella term referring to the varieties of French spoken in Canada. French is the mother tongue of nearly seven million Canadians, a figure constituting roughly 22% of the national population. At the federal level it has co-official status alongside English...
(10 million).
} (European American
European American
A European American is a citizen or resident of the United States who has origins in any of the original peoples of Europe...
) - 74% of the population, or 221,300,000 including Non-Hispanic Whites
Non-Hispanic Whites
Non-Hispanic Whites or White, Not Hispanic or Latino are people in the United States, as defined by the Census Bureau, who are of the White race and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity. Hence the designation is exclusive in the sense that it defines who is not included as opposed to who is...
and White Hispanics, the majority of the latter have partial European ancestry.
Europeans in Latin America and the Caribbean
- Middle America (including Central AmericaCentral AmericaCentral America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
and the CaribbeanCaribbeanThe Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
) and South AmericaSouth AmericaSouth America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
(see White Latin AmericanWhite Latin AmericanWhite Latin Americans are the people of Latin America who are white in the racial classification systems used in individual Latin American countries. Persons who are classified as White in one Latin American country may be classified differently in another country...
) -- Total European population approximately 197,094,000
} - 97% of the population or 34,510,000, may include a still unknown percentage of mestizos and mulattos.
} (European Bahamian
European Bahamian
European Bahamians or Bahamians of European Descent are Bahamians whose ancestry lie within the continent of Europe. Most are the descendants of the British Puritans and American Loyalists who arrived in 1649 and 1783 respectively. A small portion of the European Bahamian population are the...
) - 12% of the population or 39,600, the majority are African or other races.
} (White Barbadian
White Barbadian
White Barbadians or White Bajans are citizens or residents of Barbados of European descent. The majority of White Barbadians are descended from English, Irish, Portuguese, and Scottish settlers, who arrived during the British colonial period; however people of Syrian, Lebanese and Jewish ancestry...
) - 4% of the population or 11,238, it's thought to be the highest of all British West Indies islands.
} - 34.1% of the population or 23,064, with a black or part-white/black majority.
} - 15% of the population or 1,636,000, the country except for Paraguay have the lowest white populations of South America.
} (White Brazilian
White Brazilian
White Brazilians make up 48.4% of Brazil's population, or around 92 million people, according to the IBGE's 2008 PNAD . Whites are present in the entire territory of Brazil, although the main concentrations are found in the South and Southeastern parts of the country...
) - 49.7% of the population or 93,000,000. It is estimated that about ~80 to 95%+ of White Brazilians can have some non-European origin (including Jewish, North African, Middle Eastern
Arab Brazilian
An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian citizen born in an Arabic country, or a Brazilian-born person of Arab descent, who is aware of such ancestry and remains connected, in some degree, to Arabic culture.- Immigration to Brazil :...
and Romani descent, but also true for Amerindian, African and East Asian
Asian Brazilian
An Asian Brazilian is is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Asian ancestry, who remains culturally connected to Asia, or an Asian-born person permanently residing in Brazil. Brazil received many immigrants from Asia, both from Middle East and East Asia...
). Another 42.6% are pardo
Pardo
In Brazil, Pardo is a race/colour category used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in Brazilian censuses. It is a Portuguese word that encompasses various shades of brown, but is usually translated as "grayish-brown"...
s of mixed White, African and/or Amerindian descent (showed by genetic research to be of about 80% European ancestry). Afro-Brazilian
Afro-Brazilian
In Brazil, the term "preto" is one of the five categories used by the Brazilian Census, along with "branco" , "pardo" , "amarelo" and "indígena"...
s by genetical research showed to be of about 37.1% European ancestry (the majority inherited by colonial
Colonial Brazil
In the history of Brazil, Colonial Brazil, officially the Viceroyalty of Brazil comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to kingdom alongside Portugal as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.During the over 300 years...
or Imperial times and of Portuguese origin). Some people of claimed Asian and Indigenous origin can also have European descent.
} - 30% of the population or 5,128,000, plus 65% of mestizos (European and Amerindian descent)
} (white Colombian
White Colombian
White Colombians are the Colombian descendants of European and Middle Eastern peoples. Colombia does not query for race in its census, but according to external sources, whites make up 20% to 25% of Colombia's population...
) - 20% of the population or 9,117,000, 40 to 60% are part white (mestizo or mulatto).
} - up to 90% white and/or mestizo (European and Amerindian descent), or 3,827,000.
} - 65% of the population or 7,204,000, the definition of white in the Caribbean is different from the US Census' own definitions.
} - 16% of the population or 1,614,000, with 50-60% are mulatto or European-African.
} - 7% of the population or 1,000,000, while 40% are mestizos.
} - 9% of the population or 720,000, but the remainder 90% have some European ancestry.
} - 12% of the population or 26,000, but the French government insists all citizens of France regardless of race are "French".
} 18% of the population or 2,490,000 people.
} - 4% of the population in Haiti are white and mulatto (both African and European ancestry) and 1% European, or 97,000. White Haitians (not counting Middle Eastern descendants into the category) are chiefly of French, Italian, or German origin. This figure excludes the percentage of Haitians with less than noticeable European admixture.
} - Approximately 2% of the population or 40,000 people are White, mainly British, American, and Portuguese (This number increases to 60,000 people and 3% of the total population when Arabs and Lebanese are included). However, the vast majority of the population in Jamaica have some degree of European Ancestry.
} - 2% of the population or 8,000, with another 3% mulatto descent.
} (White Mexican
White Mexican
Mexicans of European descent, often called "güeros" or blancos in Mexican Spanish, are generally those of light skin and predominantly European features which are most often associated with Mexico's upper and middle socioeconomic classes...
) - About 18% of the population European or about 20,160,000, and an additional 72% of mixed European and Amerindian descent
Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Latin America, Philippines and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent...
} - 17% of the population or 1,000,000 people, and 70% mestizo.
} 8.6% of the population is Whtie of European origin or 292,000 people, 58.1% mestizo, 14% mulatto, 6.7% Amerindian, 5.5% Asian, and 7.1% other (2000 Census).
} approx. 80% of the population or 2,980,000 are self-declared European ancestry, but over half of Puerto Ricans have some degree of African ancestry, and 10% of males and 84% of females have some indigenous Carib Indians ancestry.
} (European Peruvian) - 15% of the population or 3,425,000, about 40% mestizo or partial European descent.
} - 1.7% of European descent or 24,600, mainly British, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, with a number of Scandinavian descent, although 30-40% have East Indian
Indian people
Indian people or Indisians constitute the Asian nation and pan-ethnic group native to India, which forms the south of Asia, containing 17.31% of the world's population. The Indian nationality is in essence made up of regional nationalities, reflecting the rich and complex history of India...
or 5% are Lebanese/Syrian Arab backgrounds.
} (white Venezuelan
White Venezuelan
White Venezuelan is an unofficial term to describe the Venezuelan citizen of European origin. No official census data nor statistically significant studies exist, because Venezuela does not have a racial census. Often, many people with Amerindian and African ancestry in some cases are considered...
) - 20% of the population or 5,821,000
} - 88% of the population or 3,074,000, the rest have various levels of European descent.
}--90% or 7,940; Saint Martin
Saint Martin
Saint Martin is an island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately east of Puerto Rico. The 87 km2 island is divided roughly 60/40 between France and the Kingdom of the Netherlands ; however, the Dutch side has the larger population. It is one of the smallest sea islands divided between...
(Statistics not available).
}, 100% European of British descent--total population 3,140.
The Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands
The Virgin Islands are the western island group of the Leeward Islands, which are the northern part of the Lesser Antilles, which form the border between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean...
divided between United States Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands
The Virgin Islands of the United States are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S...
and the British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands
The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
, each have a small European minority.
Oceania
- OceaniaOceaniaOceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago...
-- Total population of Europeans in Oceania is approximately 23,185,000 or approximately 22,818,000 excluding Hawaii.
} (European Australian
European Australian
A European Australian is a citizen or resident of Australia who has origins in any of the original peoples of Europe...
) - 93.2% of the population or 20,299,000 people, and part-white-Australian Aborigines
Australian Aborigines
Australian Aborigines , also called Aboriginal Australians, from the latin ab originem , are people who are indigenous to most of the Australian continentthat is, to mainland Australia and the island of Tasmania...
number about 500,000 as opposed to the approximately 50,000 pure blooded Australian Aborigines who can speak Australian languages.
} (New Zealand European
New Zealand European
The term New Zealand European refers to New Zealanders of European descent who identify as New Zealand Europeans rather than some other ethnic group...
) - 59.1% of the population or 2,361,000, plus some Māori of mixed white-European descent.
} (Caldoche
Caldoche
Caldoche is the name given to European inhabitants of the French territory of New Caledonia, mostly native-born French settlers. The formal name to refer to this particular population is Calédoniens, short for the very formal Néo-Calédoniens, however this self-appellation technically includes all...
) - 44.6% of the population or about 112,050; the territory is under French rule.
} - 10% of the population (mostly French with some white Americans) or 26,700, and 6 to 8% are Euronesian
Euronesian
Euronesian refers to any person of mixed European and Polynesian, Melanesian or Micronesian descent. It is most commonly used in Samoa. Most Euronesians are descended from British or French people and Polynesians , with some from Spaniards and Polynesians in Isla de Pascua and from Spaniards and...
(part white-Polynesian).
} - Europeans are 27.1% of the population (2008 survey) or 367,000 (called Haole
Haole
Haole , in the Hawaiian language, is generally used to refer to an individual that fits one of the following: "White person, American, Englishman, Caucasian; American, English; formerly, any foreigner; foreign, introduced, of foreign origin, as plants, pigs, chickens"...
s), although 65% of all Hawaiians have white-European descent.
} - 10% of the population have Spanish and white American descent (2000 Census) or about 17,800 people. Guam has a history of Spanish settlement before 1900, now a U.S. territory.
}, about 50% British-Polynesian from Pitcairn Island (1,070 people) and 50% white-British descent mainly via Australia (1,070 people).
Contemporary European diasporas
National diasporas:See also
- Western worldWestern worldThe Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
- Western cultureWestern cultureWestern culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, refers to cultures of European origin and is used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific artifacts and...
- History of Western civilizationHistory of western civilizationRoots of the Western civilization in its broader sense may be traced back to 9000 BC, when around the headwaters of the Euphrates, Tigris, and Jordan Rivers farming began, spreading outwards across Europe; the West thus produced the world's first cities, states, and empires. However, Western...
- History of colonialismHistory of colonialismThe historical phenomenon of colonisation is one that stretches around the globe and across time, including such disparate peoples as the Hittites, the Incas and the British. European colonialism, or imperialism, began in the 15th century with the "Age of Discovery", led by Portuguese and Spanish...
- Immigration to EuropeImmigration to EuropeImmigration to Europe increased from the 1980s onward, as a result of people from developing countries wanting to escape war, oppression, natural disasters or poverty. Some EU countries saw a dramatic growth in immigration after World War II until the 1970s. Most European nations today have...
- Indigenous people
- White peopleWhite peopleWhite people is a term which usually refers to human beings characterized, at least in part, by the light pigmentation of their skin...