Economy of the European Union
Encyclopedia
The economy of the European Union generates a GDP of over €12,279.033 billion (US$16,242.3 billion in 2010) according to the International Monetary Fund
(IMF), making it the largest economy in the world. The European Union
(EU) economy consists of a single market and the EU is represented as a unified entity in the World Trade Organization
(WTO).
sets out the fiscal criteria to maintain for stability
and (economic) convergence. The euro is also the most widely used currency in the EU, which is in use in 17 member states known as the Eurozone. All other member states, apart from Denmark and the United Kingdom, which have special opt-outs, have committed to changing over to the euro once they have fulfilled the requirements needed to do so. Also, Sweden can effectively opt out by choosing when or whether to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism
, which is the preliminary step towards joining. The remaining states are committed to join the Euro through their Treaties of Accession.
, was 0.03% of GDP.
, based in Luxembourg
, is the Official Statistical Office of the European Communities
releasing yearly GDP figures for the member states as well as the EU as a whole, which are regularly updated, supporting this way a measure of wealth and a base for the European Union's budgetary and economic policies. Figures are stated in euro.
p: provisional value
e: estimated value
Source: GDP Millions of PPS:EUROSTAT
, GDP(PPP) per inhabitant: EUROSTAT
, GDP per capita in PPS :EUROSTAT
: EUROSTAT
with the European Union. It applies to all member states, with specific rules which apply to the eurozone members that stipulate that each state's deficit must not exceed 3% of GDP and its public debt must not exceed 60% of GDP. However, many larger members have consistently run deficits substantially in excess of 3%, and the eurozone as a whole has a debt percentage exceeding 60% (see below).
The following table shows information relating to the member states of the European Union, ordered according to the 'Size' of their economies. (NB: Were the table ordered according to 'GDP per capita' this would perhaps better reflect the strength of an individual economy. But this is not how such tables are commonly structured.)
The colours denote how a member state is performing relative to the rest of the European Union, above average (green) or below average (red). The smallest and greatest values in each column are emphasised.
The data for GDP and GDP per capita (PPP) are based on the World Economic Outlook, September, 2011 (International Monetary Fund
).
(GWP) is stable at around one fifth.
The twelve new member states of the European Union have enjoyed a higher average percentage growth rate than their elder members of the EU. Slovakia
has the highest GDP growth in the period 2005-2010 among all countries of the European Union (See Tatra Tiger
). Notably the Baltic states
have achieved massive GDP growth, with Latvia
topping 11%, close to China, the world leader at 9% on average for the past 25 years (though these gains have been in great part cancelled by the late-2000's recession). Reasons for this massive growth include government commitments to stable monetary policy
, export-oriented trade policies, low flat-tax rates and the utilisation of relatively cheap labour. For the last year (2010), Sweden
had the biggest GDP growth from all the states in EU (5,7%).
The current map of EU growth is one of huge regional variation, with the larger economies suffering from stagnant growth and the new nations enjoying sustained, robust economic growth.
Although EU27 GDP is on the increase, the percentage of Gross world product
is decreasing due to the emergence of economic powers such as China, India and Brazil. In the medium to long term, the EU will be looking forward to increase GDP growth in Italy and the UK in order to stabilise growth in European Union states. This is to ensure sustained economic prosperity.
, and natural gas reserves. There are six oil producers in the European Union, primarily in North Sea oil
fields. The United Kingdom by far is the largest producer, however Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania
and the Netherlands all produce oil.
If it is treated as a single unit, which is not conventional in the oil markets, the European Union is the 7th largest producer of oil
in the world, producing 3,424,000 (2001) barrel
s a day. However, it is also the world's 2nd largest consumer of oil, consuming much more than it can produce, at 14,590,000 (2001) barrels a day. Much of the difference comes from Russia
and the Caspian Sea
basin.
All countries in the EU have committed to the Kyoto Protocol
, and the European Union is one of its biggest proponents. The European Commission published proposals for the first comprehensive EU energy policy
on 10 January 2007.
s and border control
s. In the eurozone
, trade is helped by not having any currency differences to deal with amongst most members. The European Union Association Agreement
does something similar for a much larger range of countries, partly as a so-called soft approach ('a carrot instead of a stick') to influence the politics in those countries.
The European Union represents all its members at the World Trade Organization
(WTO), and acts on behalf of member states in any disputes. However, when the EU negotiates trade related agreement outside the WTO framework, the subsequent agreement must be approved by each individual EU member.
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in the European Union (EU27) in March 2009 was 8.3% compared to 6.7% in March 2008. The Eurozone (EA16) unemployment figure for January 2009 was 8.2% compared to 7.3% in January 2008. The unemployment rate (EU25) had previously declined in prior years from 8.9% in March 2005 to 8.4% in March 2006 to 7.3% in March 2007.
The rate varies widely by member state. There has been a steep upturn in the unemployment rate since 2008 due to the worldwide credit crunch and following recession. The countries within the EU which were most affected were Spain, Ireland and the Baltic countries with the unemployment rate doubling or in case of the Baltic countries nearly tripling.
By comparison in March 2009 the United States had an unemployment rate of 8.6% (2008: 5.1; 2007: 4.4; 2006: 4.7) which was higher than the EU-27's unemployment rate but lower than the EU-16 Eurozone rate of 8.9%. Japan's unemployment rate remained comparatively steady at 4.4% (2008: 3.9; 2007: 4.0; 2006: 4.1).
The following tables show the current unemployment rate of all Member States for March 2009 with comparisons to March 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005 and comparisons to the United States and Japan:
(CAP). This currently represents 40–50% of the EU's total spending. It guarantees a minimum price for farmers in the EU. This is criticised as a form of protectionism
, inhibiting trade, and damaging developing countries; one of the most vocal opponents is the UK, the third largest economy within the bloc, which has repeatedly refused to give up the annual UK Rebate
unless the CAP undergoes significant reform; France, the biggest benefactor of the CAP and the bloc's second largest economy, is its most vocal proponent.
, attracting visitors from outside of the Union and citizens travelling inside it. Internal tourism is made more convenient for the citizens of some EU member states by the Schengen treaty and the Euro. All citizens of the European Union are entitled to travel to any member state without the need of a visa
. France is the world's number one
tourist destination for international visitors, followed by Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom at 2nd, 5th and 6th spots respectively. It is worth noting however a significant proportion of international visitors to EU countries are from other member states.
, which is the largest financial service provider in the world by revenue; Airbus
, which is the world's largest aircraft manufacturer; Air France-KLM
, which is the largest airline company in the world in terms of total operating revenues; Amorim
, which is the world's largest cork
-processing and cork producer company; ArcelorMittal, which is the largest steel company in the world; Inditex
which is the biggest fashion group in the world; Groupe Danone
, which has the world leadership in the dairy products market; Anheuser-Busch InBev
, which is the largest beer company in the world; L'Oréal Group, which is the world's largest cosmetics and beauty
company; LVMH
, which is the world's largest luxury goods conglomerate; Nokia Corporation, which is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones; Royal Dutch Shell
, which is one of the largest energy corporations in the world; and Stora Enso
, which is the world's largest pulp and paper
manufacturer in terms of production capacity, in terms of banking and finance the EU has some of the worlds largest notably HSBC
and Grupo Santander
, the largest bank in Europe in terms of Market Capitalisation. Many other European companies rank among the world's largest companies in terms of turnover, profit, market share, number of employees or other major indicators. A considerable number of EU-based companies are ranked among the worlds' top-ten within their sector of activity.
Europe is also home to many prestigious car companies such as Mercedes, Jaguar Land Rover, Volkswagen, BMW group and Renault.
to 0.743 in Namibia
. Most post-industrial nations had a gini coefficient in the range 0.25 to 0.40.
In 2005 the gini index for the EU was estimated at 0.31, as a comparison the USA has 0.463, a surprising result since the EU has virtually no interstate income redistribution power and poorer new member states joined in 2004.
1 & 2 regions are not homogenous, some of them being very large regions, such as NUTS-1 Hesse
(21,100 km²) or NUTS-1 Île-de-France
(12,011 km²), whilst other NUTS regions are much smaller, for example NUTS-1 Hamburg
(755 km²) or NUTS-1 Greater London
(1,580 km²). An extreme example is Finland, which is divided for historical reasons into mainland Finland with 5.3 million inhabitants and Åland
, an autonomous archipelago with a population of 27,000, or about the population of a small Finnish city.
One problem with this data is that some areas, including Greater London
, are subject to a large number of commuters coming into the area, thereby artificially inflating the figures. It has the effect of raising GDP but not altering the number of people living in the area, inflating the GDP per capita figure. Similar problems can be produced by a large number of tourists visiting the area.
The data is used to define regions that are supported with financial aid in programs such as the European Regional Development Fund
.
The decision to delineate a Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
(NUTS) region is to a large extent arbitrary (i.e. not based on objective and uniform criteria across Europe), and is decided at European level (See also: Regions of the European Union
).
and NUTS-2 regions with the highest GDP per capita are almost all, except two, in the first fifteen member states: Prague
and Bratislava
are the only ones in the 12 new member states
that joined in May 2004 and January 2007.
The leading regions in the ranking of NUTS-2 regional GDP per inhabitant in 2008 were Inner London
in the United Kingdom (343% of the average), the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
(279%) and Bruxelles/Brussels
in Belgium (216%). Figures for these three regions, however, are artificially inflated by the commuters who do not reside in these regions ("Net commuter inflows in these regions push up production to a level that could not be achieved by the resident active population on its own. The result is that GDP per inhabitant appears to be overestimated in these regions and underestimated in regions with commuter outflows."). Another example of artificial inflation is Groningen. The calculated GDP per capita is very high due to the large natural gas reserves in this region. However, Groningen is in fact one of the poorest parts in the Netherlands.
Among the 40 NUTS-2 regions exceeding the 125% level, ten were in Germany, five in the Netherlands, four each in Austria and United Kingdom, three each in Spain and Italy, two each in Belgium and Finland, one each in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland, France, Slovakia and Sweden, as well as the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
The NUTS Regulation lays down a minimum population size of 3 million and a maximum size of 7 million for the average NUTS-1 region, whereas a minimum of 800,000 and a maximum of 3 million for NUTS-2 regions ¹ http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/extraction/retrieve/en/theme1/reg/reg_e3gdp?OutputDir=EJOutputDir_349&user=unknown&clientsessionid=19A1061DE7EB55F2E04BD008A91F53DF.extraction-worker-1&OutputFile=reg_e3gdp.htm&OutputMode=U&NumberOfCells=3868&Language=en&OutputMime=text%2Fhtml&. This definition, however, is not respected by Eurostat. E.g.: the région
of Île-de-France
, with 11.6 million inhabitants, is treated as a NUTS-2 region, while the state
of Bremen
, with only 664,000 inhabitants, is treated as a NUTS-1 region.
Source: Eurostat
in Bulgaria (28% of the average), followed by Nord-Est
in Romania (29 %), Severen tsentralen
and Yuzhen tsentralen
in Bulgaria (both 30%).
Among the 64 regions below the 75% level, fifteen were in Poland, seven each in the Czech republic and Romania, six each in Bulgaria and Hungary, four each in Italy and Portugal, three each in Greece, France (all overseas departments) and Slovakia, two in the United Kingdom, one in Spain, as well as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Source: Eurostat
Source: Eurostat
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
(IMF), making it the largest economy in the world. The European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
(EU) economy consists of a single market and the EU is represented as a unified entity in the World Trade Organization
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
(WTO).
Currency
The official currency of the European Union is the euro, used in all its documents and policies. The Stability and Growth PactStability and Growth Pact
The Stability and Growth Pact is an agreement among the 27 Member states of the European Union that take part in the Eurozone, to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union...
sets out the fiscal criteria to maintain for stability
Economic stability
Economic stability refers to an absence of excessive fluctuations in the macroeconomy. An economy with fairly constant output growth and low and stable inflation would be considered economically stable. An economy with frequent large recessions, a pronounced business cycle, very high or variable...
and (economic) convergence. The euro is also the most widely used currency in the EU, which is in use in 17 member states known as the Eurozone. All other member states, apart from Denmark and the United Kingdom, which have special opt-outs, have committed to changing over to the euro once they have fulfilled the requirements needed to do so. Also, Sweden can effectively opt out by choosing when or whether to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism
European Exchange Rate Mechanism
The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System , to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for Economic and Monetary Union and the introduction of...
, which is the preliminary step towards joining. The remaining states are committed to join the Euro through their Treaties of Accession.
Budget
The operation of the EU has an agreed budget of €141 billion for the year 2011, and €862 billion for the period 2007–2013, this represents around 1% of the EU's GDP. By comparison, the UK expenditure for 2004 was estimated at about €759 billion and France's was estimated at about €801 billion. In 1960, the budget of the EU's predecessor, the European Economic CommunityEuropean Economic Community
The European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) The European Economic Community (EEC) (also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world, renamed the European Community (EC) in 1993The information in this article primarily covers the EEC's time as an independent...
, was 0.03% of GDP.
Economic variation
Below is a table showing, respectively, the GDP and the GDP (PPP) per capita for the European Union and for each of its 27 member states, sorted by GDP (PPP). This can be used as a rough gauge to the relative standards of living among member states, with Luxembourg the highest and Romania the lowest. EurostatEurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
, based in Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
, is the Official Statistical Office of the European Communities
European Communities
The European Communities were three international organisations that were governed by the same set of institutions...
releasing yearly GDP figures for the member states as well as the EU as a whole, which are regularly updated, supporting this way a measure of wealth and a base for the European Union's budgetary and economic policies. Figures are stated in euro.
| Member States | GDP 2010 millions of euro |
Population in millions |
GDP (PPP) per capita 2010 euro |
GDP (Nominal) per capita 2010 euro |
GDP (PPP) per capita 2010 EU27 = 100 |
Eurozone yes/no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 European Union |
12,268,387 | 501 | 24,400 | 24,400 | 100.0% | |
 Germany |
2,498,800 | 81.8 | 28,700 | 30,300 | 117% | yes |
 Early Modern France |
1,932,802 | 64.7 | 26,100 | 29,800 | 107% | yes |
 United Kingdom |
1,696,583 | 62.0 | 27,900 | 27,400 | 114% | no |
 Italy |
1,548,816 | 60.3 | 24,500 | 25,700 | 100% | yes |
 Spain |
1,062,591 | 46.0 | 24,500 | 22,800 | 100% | yes |
 Netherlands |
591,477 | 16.6 | 32,600 | 35,400 | 133% | yes |
 Poland |
354,316 | 38.2 | 15,300 | 9,300 | 62% | no |
 Belgium |
352,941 | 10.8 | 29,000 | 32,600 | 119% | yes |
 Sweden |
346,667 | 9.3 | 30,100 | 37,000 | 123% | no |
 Austria |
284,410 | 8.4 | 30,800 | 34,100 | 126% | yes |
 Denmark |
234,005 | 5.5 | 30,400 | 42,200 | 125% | no |
 Greece |
230,173(p) | 11.3 | 21,500(p) | 20,100(p) | 89% | yes |
 Finland |
180,253 | 5.3 | 28,300 | 33,600 | 116% | yes |
 Portugal |
172,699 | 10.6 | 19,800 | 16,200 | 81% | yes |
| 153,938 | 4.4 | 31,100 | 34,900 | 127% | yes | |
 Czech Republic |
145,049 | 10.5 | 20,100 | 14,100 | 82% | no |
 Kingdom of Romania |
121,941 | 21.5 | 11,000 | 5,700 | 45% | no |
 Hungary |
98,446 | 10.0 | 15,500 | 9,700 | 63% | no |
 Slovakia |
65,905 | 5.4 | 18,100 | 12,100 | 74% | yes |
 Luxembourg |
41,597 | 0.5 | 67,000 | 79,500 | 274% | yes |
 Kingdom of Bulgaria |
36,033 | 7.6 | 10,600 | 4,800 | 44% | no |
 Slovenia |
35,974 | 2.0 | 20,900 | 17,300 | 86% | yes |
 Lithuania |
27,410 | 3.2 | 14,200 | 8,400 | 58% | no |
 Latvia |
17,971 | 2.2 | 12,600 | 8,000 | 52% | no |
 Cyprus |
17,465 | 0.8 | 23,800 | 21,600 | 97% | yes |
 Estonia |
14,501 | 1.3 | 15,700 | 10,700 | 64% | yes |
 Malta |
6,233 | 0.4 | 20,200 | 14,800 | 83% | yes |
| EU Candidates | GDP 2010 millions of euro |
Population in millions |
GDP (PPP) per capita 2010 euro |
GDP (Nominal) per capita 2010 euro |
GDP (PPP) per capita 2010 perc. of EU27 |
Eurozone yes/no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Iceland |
9,495 | 0.3 | 26,900 | 29,900 | 110% | no |
 Independent State of Croatia |
45,899 | 4.5 | 15,000(p) | 10,400(p) | 62% | no |
 Turkey |
552,842 | 71.0 | 11,800 | 7,600 | 48% | no |
 Republic of Macedonia |
6,922 | 2.0 | 8,600 | 3,300(2009) | 35% | no |
 Kingdom of Montenegro |
0.6 |
| Current and previous EU applicants | GDP 2010 millions of euro |
Population in millions |
GDP (PPP) per capita 2009 euro |
GDP (Nominal) per capita 2009 euro |
GDP (PPP) per capita 2009 perc. of EU27 |
Eurozone yes/no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Albania |
8,975 | 3.2 | 2,803 | no | ||
 Norway |
311,855 | 4.6 | 43,700 | 63,800 | 179% | no |
 Serbia |
28,671 | 7.3 | 3,876 | no | ||
 Switzerland |
398,878 | 7.7 | 36,100 | 51,200 | 148% | no |
p: provisional value
e: estimated value
Source: GDP Millions of PPS:EUROSTAT
Eurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
, GDP(PPP) per inhabitant: EUROSTAT
Eurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
, GDP per capita in PPS :EUROSTAT
Eurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
: EUROSTAT
Eurostat
Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide the European Union with statistical information at European level and to promote the integration of statistical methods across the Member States of the European Union,...
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Economies of member states
Economic performance varies from state to state. The Growth and Stability Pact governs fiscal policyFiscal policy
In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and revenue collection to influence the economy....
with the European Union. It applies to all member states, with specific rules which apply to the eurozone members that stipulate that each state's deficit must not exceed 3% of GDP and its public debt must not exceed 60% of GDP. However, many larger members have consistently run deficits substantially in excess of 3%, and the eurozone as a whole has a debt percentage exceeding 60% (see below).
The following table shows information relating to the member states of the European Union, ordered according to the 'Size' of their economies. (NB: Were the table ordered according to 'GDP per capita' this would perhaps better reflect the strength of an individual economy. But this is not how such tables are commonly structured.)
The colours denote how a member state is performing relative to the rest of the European Union, above average (green) or below average (red). The smallest and greatest values in each column are emphasised.
The data for GDP and GDP per capita (PPP) are based on the World Economic Outlook, September, 2011 (International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
).
| Member State sorted by GDP |
GDP in billion 1000000000 (number) 1,000,000,000 is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.In scientific notation, it is written as 109.... s of USD (2010) |
GDP % of EU (2010) |
Annual change % of GDP (2010) |
GDP per capita in PPP Purchasing power parity In economics, purchasing power parity is a condition between countries where an amount of money has the same purchasing power in different countries. The prices of the goods between the countries would only reflect the exchange rates... US$ (2010) |
Public Debt % of GDP (2010) |
Deficit (-)/ Surplus (+) % of GDP (2010) |
Inflation % Annual (2010) |
Unemp. % M9 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union |
16,242.3 | 100.0 | 1.9 | 30,455 | 80.0 | -6.4 | 2.1 | 9.7 |
| Germany |
3,286.5 | 20.2% | 3.7 | 36,081 | 83.2 | -3.3 | 1.2 | 5.8 |
| Early Modern France |
2,562.7 | 15.8% | 1.5 | 33,910 | 81.7 | -7.0 | 1.7 | 9.9 |
| United Kingdom |
2,250.2 | 13.9% | 1.8 | 35,059 | 80.0 | -10.4 | 3.3 | 8.0* |
| Italy |
2,055.1 | 12.7% | 1.8 | 29,480 | 119.0 | -4.6 | 1.6 | 8.3 |
| Spain |
1,409.9 | 8.7% | -0.1 | 29,830 | 60.1 | -9.2 | 2.0 | 22.6 |
| Netherlands |
780.7 | 4.8% | 1.7 | 40,973 | 62.7 | -5.4 | 0.9 | 4.5 |
| Poland |
469.4 | 2.9% | 3.9 | 18,981 | 55.0 | -7.9 | 2.7 | 9.4 |
| Belgium |
467.8 | 2.9% | 2.3 | 36,274 | 96.8 | -4.1 | 2.3 | 6.7 |
| Sweden |
458.7 | 2.8% | 5.6 | 38,204 | 39.8 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 7.2 |
| Austria |
377.4 | 2.3% | 2.3 | 39,761 | 72.3 | -4.6 | 1.7 | 3.9 |
| Denmark |
309.9 | 1.9% | 1.7 | 36,443 | 43.6 | -2.7 | 2.2 | 7.1 |
| Greece |
305.4 | 1.9% | -3.5 | 28,496 | 142.8 | -10.5 | 4.7 | 16.7* |
| Finland |
239.2 | 1.5% | 3.6 | 34,918 | 48.4 | -2.5 | 1.7 | 7.8 |
| Portugal |
229.1 | 1.4% | 1.4 | 23,262 | 93.0 | -9.1 | 1.4 | 12.5 |
| 207.0 | 1.3% | -0.4 | 39,492 | 96.2 | -32.4 | -1.6 | 14.2 | |
| Czech Republic |
192.0 | 1.2% | 2.7 | 24,950 | 38.5 | -4.7 | 1.2 | 6.6 |
| Kingdom of Romania |
161.6 | 1.0% | -1.9 | 11,895 | 30.8 | -6.4 | 6.1 | 7.5 |
| Hungary |
130.4 | 0.8% | 1.3 | 18,841 | 80.2 | -4.2 | 4.7 | 9.9 |
| Slovakia |
87.5 | 0.5% | 4.2 | 22,195 | 41.0 | -7.9 | 0.7 | 13.5 |
| Luxembourg |
55.2 | 0.3% | 2.7 | 81,466 | 18.4 | -1.7 | 2.8 | 4.8 |
| Slovenia |
47.7 | 0.3% | 1.4 | 28,073 | 38.0 | -5.6 | 2.1 | 8.0 |
| Kingdom of Bulgaria |
47.7 | 0.3% | 0.2 | 12,934 | 16.2 | -3.2 | 3.0 | 11.9 |
| Lithuania |
36.4 | 0.2% | 1.4 | 17,235 | 33.7 | -7.1 | 1.2 | 10.2 |
| Latvia |
24.0 | 0.1% | -0.3 | 14,504 | 44.7 | -7.7 | -1.2 | 16.2* |
| Cyprus |
23.2 | 0.1% | 1.1 | 28,960 | 60.8 | -5.3 | 2.6 | 7.8 |
| Estonia |
19.3 | 0.1% | 2.3 | 18,527 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 12.8* |
| Malta |
8.3 | 0.1% | 2.7 | 24,833 | 68.0 | -3.6 | 2.0 | 6.6 |
Economic growth
The EU's share of Gross world productGross world product
Gross world product is the total gross national product of all the countries in the world. This also equals the total gross domestic product. See measures of national income and output for more details...
(GWP) is stable at around one fifth.
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The twelve new member states of the European Union have enjoyed a higher average percentage growth rate than their elder members of the EU. Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
has the highest GDP growth in the period 2005-2010 among all countries of the European Union (See Tatra Tiger
Tatra Tiger
"Tatra Tiger" is a nickname that refers to the economy of Slovakia in period 2002 - 2007 and after 2010 following the ascendance of a right-wing coalition in September 2002 which engaged in a program of liberal economic reforms...
). Notably the Baltic states
Baltic states
The term Baltic states refers to the Baltic territories which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I: primarily the contiguous trio of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ; Finland also fell within the scope of the term after initially gaining independence in the 1920s.The...
have achieved massive GDP growth, with Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
topping 11%, close to China, the world leader at 9% on average for the past 25 years (though these gains have been in great part cancelled by the late-2000's recession). Reasons for this massive growth include government commitments to stable monetary policy
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. The official goals usually include relatively stable prices and low unemployment...
, export-oriented trade policies, low flat-tax rates and the utilisation of relatively cheap labour. For the last year (2010), Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
had the biggest GDP growth from all the states in EU (5,7%).
The current map of EU growth is one of huge regional variation, with the larger economies suffering from stagnant growth and the new nations enjoying sustained, robust economic growth.
Although EU27 GDP is on the increase, the percentage of Gross world product
Gross world product
Gross world product is the total gross national product of all the countries in the world. This also equals the total gross domestic product. See measures of national income and output for more details...
is decreasing due to the emergence of economic powers such as China, India and Brazil. In the medium to long term, the EU will be looking forward to increase GDP growth in Italy and the UK in order to stabilise growth in European Union states. This is to ensure sustained economic prosperity.
Energy resources
The European Union has large coal, oilOil reserves
The total estimated amount of oil in an oil reservoir, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called oil in place. However, because of reservoir characteristics and limitations in petroleum extraction technologies, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is...
, and natural gas reserves. There are six oil producers in the European Union, primarily in North Sea oil
North Sea oil
North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid oil and natural gas, produced from oil reservoirs beneath the North Sea.In the oil industry, the term "North Sea" often includes areas such as the Norwegian Sea and the area known as "West of Shetland", "the Atlantic Frontier" or "the...
fields. The United Kingdom by far is the largest producer, however Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and the Netherlands all produce oil.
If it is treated as a single unit, which is not conventional in the oil markets, the European Union is the 7th largest producer of oil
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
in the world, producing 3,424,000 (2001) barrel
Barrel (unit)
A barrel is one of several units of volume, with dry barrels, fluid barrels , oil barrel, etc...
s a day. However, it is also the world's 2nd largest consumer of oil, consuming much more than it can produce, at 14,590,000 (2001) barrels a day. Much of the difference comes from Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
basin.
All countries in the EU have committed to the Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change , aimed at fighting global warming...
, and the European Union is one of its biggest proponents. The European Commission published proposals for the first comprehensive EU energy policy
Energy policy of the European Union
Although the European Union has legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, and evolved out of the European Coal and Steel Community, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was only approved at the meeting of the European Council on 27 October...
on 10 January 2007.
- see also: Renewable energy in the European UnionRenewable energy in the European UnionThe countries of the European Union are currently the number two global leaders in the development and application of renewable energy. Promoting the use of renewable energy sources is important both to the reduction of the EU's dependence on foreign energy imports, and in meeting targets to combat...
and :category:Energy in the European Union
Trade
The European Union is the largest exporter in the world and as of 2008 the largest importer of goods and services. Internal trade between the member states is aided by the removal of barriers to trade such as tariffTariff
A tariff may be either tax on imports or exports , or a list or schedule of prices for such things as rail service, bus routes, and electrical usage ....
s and border control
Border control
Border controls are measures used by a country to monitor or regulate its borders.The control of the flow of many people, animals and goods across a border may be controlled by government Customs services. Security is enforced by various kinds of Border Guards and Coast Guards...
s. In the eurozone
Eurozone
The eurozone , officially called the euro area, is an economic and monetary union of seventeen European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender...
, trade is helped by not having any currency differences to deal with amongst most members. The European Union Association Agreement
European Union Association Agreement
A European Union Association Agreement is a treaty between the European Union and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links...
does something similar for a much larger range of countries, partly as a so-called soft approach ('a carrot instead of a stick') to influence the politics in those countries.
The European Union represents all its members at the World Trade Organization
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
(WTO), and acts on behalf of member states in any disputes. However, when the EU negotiates trade related agreement outside the WTO framework, the subsequent agreement must be approved by each individual EU member.
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Unemployment
The rate varies widely by member state. There has been a steep upturn in the unemployment rate since 2008 due to the worldwide credit crunch and following recession. The countries within the EU which were most affected were Spain, Ireland and the Baltic countries with the unemployment rate doubling or in case of the Baltic countries nearly tripling.
By comparison in March 2009 the United States had an unemployment rate of 8.6% (2008: 5.1; 2007: 4.4; 2006: 4.7) which was higher than the EU-27's unemployment rate but lower than the EU-16 Eurozone rate of 8.9%. Japan's unemployment rate remained comparatively steady at 4.4% (2008: 3.9; 2007: 4.0; 2006: 4.1).
The following tables show the current unemployment rate of all Member States for March 2009 with comparisons to March 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005 and comparisons to the United States and Japan:
| Unemployment | 2005-03 | 2006-03 | 2007-03 | 2008-03 | 2009-03 | 2010-03 | 2011-03 *(Q4 2010) **(January 2011) ***(February 2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria |
5.1 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.4 |
| Belgium |
8.4 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 7.7 |
| Denmark |
5.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 7.5 |
| Finland |
8.5 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 8.0 |
| Early Modern France |
9.7 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 8.8 | 10.1 | 9.5 |
| Germany |
9.8 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 6.2 |
| Greece |
9.9 | 9.6 | 8.6 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 13.8 |
 Republic of Ireland |
4.5 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 10.6 | 13.2 | 14.7 |
| Italy |
7.8 | 7.7 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 8.8 | 8.3 |
| Luxembourg |
4.3 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 4.3 |
| Netherlands |
4.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 4.2 |
| Portugal |
7.4 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 12.6 |
| Spain |
9.9 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 17.4 | 19.1 | 20.7 |
| Sweden |
6.3 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 7.7 |
| United Kingdom |
4.6 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 6.6 | 7.9 | 7.6*** |
| Kingdom of Bulgaria |
7.5 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 8.7 | 11.4 | ||
| Cyprus |
5.1 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 7.3 |
| Czech Republic |
8.0 | 7.7 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 7.9 | 6.9 |
| Estonia |
8.8 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 14.3 |
| Hungary |
6.8 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 11.8 |
| Latvia |
9.1 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 16.1 | 22.3 | 17.2* |
| Lithuania |
9.2 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 17.3* |
| Malta |
7.2 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.3 |
| Poland |
18.0 | 16.8 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 9.1 | 9.3 |
| Kingdom of Romania |
6.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 7.4* | ||
| Slovakia |
16.7 | 15.7 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 14.1 | 14.0 |
| Slovenia |
6.4 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 8.1 |
| European Union |
8.9 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 9.5 |
 United States |
5.1 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
 Japan |
4.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.6 |
Industries
The services sector is by far the most important sector in the European Union, making up 69.4% of GDP, compared to the manufacturing industry with 28.4% of GDP and agriculture with only 2.3% of GDP.Agriculture
The agricultural sector is supported by subsidies from the European Union in the form of the Common Agricultural PolicyCommon Agricultural Policy
The Common Agricultural Policy is a system of European Union agricultural subsidies and programmes. It represents 48% of the EU's budget, €49.8 billion in 2006 ....
(CAP). This currently represents 40–50% of the EU's total spending. It guarantees a minimum price for farmers in the EU. This is criticised as a form of protectionism
Protectionism
Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, and a variety of other government regulations designed to allow "fair competition" between imports and goods and services produced domestically.This...
, inhibiting trade, and damaging developing countries; one of the most vocal opponents is the UK, the third largest economy within the bloc, which has repeatedly refused to give up the annual UK Rebate
UK rebate
The UK rebate is a rebate on the United Kingdom's contribution to the EU budget paid back to the UK government by the European Union.-History:...
unless the CAP undergoes significant reform; France, the biggest benefactor of the CAP and the bloc's second largest economy, is its most vocal proponent.
Tourism
The European Union is a major tourist destinationTourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
, attracting visitors from outside of the Union and citizens travelling inside it. Internal tourism is made more convenient for the citizens of some EU member states by the Schengen treaty and the Euro. All citizens of the European Union are entitled to travel to any member state without the need of a visa
Visa (document)
A visa is a document showing that a person is authorized to enter the territory for which it was issued, subject to permission of an immigration official at the time of actual entry. The authorization may be a document, but more commonly it is a stamp endorsed in the applicant's passport...
. France is the world's number one
World Tourism rankings
The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released three times throughout the year...
tourist destination for international visitors, followed by Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom at 2nd, 5th and 6th spots respectively. It is worth noting however a significant proportion of international visitors to EU countries are from other member states.
Companies
The European Union's member states are the birthplace of many of the world's largest leading multinational companies, and home to its global headquarters. Among these are distinguished companies ranked first in the world within their industry/sector, like AllianzAllianz
SE is a global financial services company headquartered in Munich, Germany. Its core business and focus is insurance. As of 2010, it was the world's 12th-largest financial services group and 23rd-largest company according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine.Its Allianz Global Investors...
, which is the largest financial service provider in the world by revenue; Airbus
Airbus
Airbus SAS is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace company. Based in Blagnac, France, surburb of Toulouse, and with significant activity across Europe, the company produces around half of the world's jet airliners....
, which is the world's largest aircraft manufacturer; Air France-KLM
Air France-KLM
Air France-KLM is a European airline holding company incorporated under French law with its headquarters at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport in Tremblay-en-France, Paris...
, which is the largest airline company in the world in terms of total operating revenues; Amorim
Amorim
Amorim is a Portuguese surname. A habitational name from any of the various places named Amorim, originally Amorini, from the name of the estate owner.It may refer to:- People :*Ana Amorim, Brazilian handball player...
, which is the world's largest cork
Cork (material)
Cork is an impermeable, buoyant material, a prime-subset of bark tissue that is harvested for commercial use primarily from Quercus suber , which is endemic to southwest Europe and northwest Africa...
-processing and cork producer company; ArcelorMittal, which is the largest steel company in the world; Inditex
Inditex
Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. , more commonly known as Inditex, is a large Spanish corporation and the world's largest fashion group. It is made up of almost a hundred companies dealing with activities related to textile design, production and distribution...
which is the biggest fashion group in the world; Groupe Danone
Groupe Danone
Groupe Danone is a French food-products multinational corporation based in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. It claims world leadership in fresh dairy products, marketed under the corporate name, and also in bottled water...
, which has the world leadership in the dairy products market; Anheuser-Busch InBev
Anheuser-Busch InBev
Anheuser-Busch InBev N.V. is a Belgian-Brazilian publicly-traded company, based in Leuven, Belgium. It is the largest global brewer with nearly 25% global market share and one of the world's top five consumer products companies by EBITA....
, which is the largest beer company in the world; L'Oréal Group, which is the world's largest cosmetics and beauty
Beauty
Beauty is a characteristic of a person, animal, place, object, or idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure, meaning, or satisfaction. Beauty is studied as part of aesthetics, sociology, social psychology, and culture...
company; LVMH
LVMH
LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton S.A., better known as LVMH, is a French multinational luxury goods conglomerate headquartered in Paris, Île-de-France, France. The company was formed after the 1987 merger of fashion house Louis Vuitton with Moët Hennessy, a company formed after the 1971 merger...
, which is the world's largest luxury goods conglomerate; Nokia Corporation, which is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones; Royal Dutch Shell
Royal Dutch Shell
Royal Dutch Shell plc , commonly known as Shell, is a global oil and gas company headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands and with its registered office in London, United Kingdom. It is the fifth-largest company in the world according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine and one of the six...
, which is one of the largest energy corporations in the world; and Stora Enso
Stora Enso
Stora Enso Oyj is a Finnish pulp and paper manufacturer, formed by the merger of Swedish mining and forestry products company Stora and Finnish forestry products company Enso-Gutzeit Oy in 1998. It is headquartered in Helsinki, and it has approximately 29,000 employees...
, which is the world's largest pulp and paper
Pulp and Paper
Pulp and Paper is the name of the largest United States-based trade magazine for the pulp and paper industry. See also: Paper engineering, Pulp and Paper Merit Badge...
manufacturer in terms of production capacity, in terms of banking and finance the EU has some of the worlds largest notably HSBC
HSBC
HSBC Holdings plc is a global banking and financial services company headquartered in Canary Wharf, London, United Kingdom. it is the world's second-largest banking and financial services group and second-largest public company according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine...
and Grupo Santander
Grupo Santander
The Santander Group is a banking group centered on Banco Santander, S.A., the largest bank in the Eurozone and one of the largest banks in the world in terms of market capitalisation. According to Forbes Magazine Global 2000, it is the 13th largest public company in the world...
, the largest bank in Europe in terms of Market Capitalisation. Many other European companies rank among the world's largest companies in terms of turnover, profit, market share, number of employees or other major indicators. A considerable number of EU-based companies are ranked among the worlds' top-ten within their sector of activity.
Europe is also home to many prestigious car companies such as Mercedes, Jaguar Land Rover, Volkswagen, BMW group and Renault.
Gini index
To date, one of the most commonly used measures of income inequality is the Gini index. The Gini coefficient measures income inequality on a scale from 0 to 1. On this scale 0 represents perfect equality with everyone having exactly the same income and 1 represents perfect inequality with one person having all income. According to the UN (UN), gini index ratings for countries range from 0.247 in DenmarkDenmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
to 0.743 in Namibia
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March...
. Most post-industrial nations had a gini coefficient in the range 0.25 to 0.40.
In 2005 the gini index for the EU was estimated at 0.31, as a comparison the USA has 0.463, a surprising result since the EU has virtually no interstate income redistribution power and poorer new member states joined in 2004.
Regional variation
Comparing the richest areas of the EU can be a difficult task. This is because the NUTSNomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics or Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes...
1 & 2 regions are not homogenous, some of them being very large regions, such as NUTS-1 Hesse
Hesse
Hesse or Hessia is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.* The cultural region of Hesse includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse in the neighbouring Rhineland-Palatinate state...
(21,100 km²) or NUTS-1 Île-de-France
Île-de-France (région)
Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area....
(12,011 km²), whilst other NUTS regions are much smaller, for example NUTS-1 Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
(755 km²) or NUTS-1 Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...
(1,580 km²). An extreme example is Finland, which is divided for historical reasons into mainland Finland with 5.3 million inhabitants and Åland
Åland Islands
The Åland Islands form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea. They are situated at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia and form an autonomous, demilitarised, monolingually Swedish-speaking region of Finland...
, an autonomous archipelago with a population of 27,000, or about the population of a small Finnish city.
One problem with this data is that some areas, including Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...
, are subject to a large number of commuters coming into the area, thereby artificially inflating the figures. It has the effect of raising GDP but not altering the number of people living in the area, inflating the GDP per capita figure. Similar problems can be produced by a large number of tourists visiting the area.
The data is used to define regions that are supported with financial aid in programs such as the European Regional Development Fund
European Regional Development Fund
The European Regional Development Fund is a fund allocated by the European Union.-History:During the 1960s, the European Commission occasionally tried to establish a regional fund. Only Italy ever supported this, however, and nothing came of it. Britain made it an issue for their accession in...
.
The decision to delineate a Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics or Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes...
(NUTS) region is to a large extent arbitrary (i.e. not based on objective and uniform criteria across Europe), and is decided at European level (See also: Regions of the European Union
Region (Europe)
The European Union created a Committee of the Regions to represent Regions of Europe as the layer of EU government administration directly below the nation-state level...
).
Top 10: economically strongest NUTS-1 and NUTS-2 regions
The 10 NUTS-1Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics or Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes...
and NUTS-2 regions with the highest GDP per capita are almost all, except two, in the first fifteen member states: Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
and Bratislava
Bratislava
Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
are the only ones in the 12 new member states
Enlargement of the European Union
The Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union through the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952...
that joined in May 2004 and January 2007.
The leading regions in the ranking of NUTS-2 regional GDP per inhabitant in 2008 were Inner London
Inner London
Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. The area was first officially defined in 1965 and for purposes such as statistics, the definition has changed over time. The terms Inner London and Central...
in the United Kingdom (343% of the average), the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
(279%) and Bruxelles/Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
in Belgium (216%). Figures for these three regions, however, are artificially inflated by the commuters who do not reside in these regions ("Net commuter inflows in these regions push up production to a level that could not be achieved by the resident active population on its own. The result is that GDP per inhabitant appears to be overestimated in these regions and underestimated in regions with commuter outflows."). Another example of artificial inflation is Groningen. The calculated GDP per capita is very high due to the large natural gas reserves in this region. However, Groningen is in fact one of the poorest parts in the Netherlands.
Among the 40 NUTS-2 regions exceeding the 125% level, ten were in Germany, five in the Netherlands, four each in Austria and United Kingdom, three each in Spain and Italy, two each in Belgium and Finland, one each in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland, France, Slovakia and Sweden, as well as the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
The NUTS Regulation lays down a minimum population size of 3 million and a maximum size of 7 million for the average NUTS-1 region, whereas a minimum of 800,000 and a maximum of 3 million for NUTS-2 regions ¹ http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/extraction/retrieve/en/theme1/reg/reg_e3gdp?OutputDir=EJOutputDir_349&user=unknown&clientsessionid=19A1061DE7EB55F2E04BD008A91F53DF.extraction-worker-1&OutputFile=reg_e3gdp.htm&OutputMode=U&NumberOfCells=3868&Language=en&OutputMime=text%2Fhtml&. This definition, however, is not respected by Eurostat. E.g.: the région
Region
Region is most commonly found as a term used in terrestrial and astrophysics sciences also an area, notably among the different sub-disciplines of geography, studied by regional geographers. Regions consist of subregions that contain clusters of like areas that are distinctive by their uniformity...
of Île-de-France
Île-de-France (région)
Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area....
, with 11.6 million inhabitants, is treated as a NUTS-2 region, while the state
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
of Bremen
Bremen (state)
The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen is the smallest of Germany's 16 states. A more informal name, but used in some official contexts, is Land Bremen .-Geography:...
, with only 664,000 inhabitants, is treated as a NUTS-1 region.
| Rank | NUTS-2 Region | Member state | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in Euros | As % of EU-27 average | |||
| 1. | Inner London Inner London Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. The area was first officially defined in 1965 and for purposes such as statistics, the definition has changed over time. The terms Inner London and Central... |
85,800 | 343 % | |
| 2. | Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south... |
70,000 | 279% | |
| 3. | Bruxelles-Cap., Brussels Hfdst. | 54,100 | 216 % | |
| 4. | Groningen Groningen (province) Groningen [] is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. In the east it borders the German state of Niedersachsen , in the south Drenthe, in the west Friesland and in the north the Wadden Sea... |
49,700 | 198 % | |
| 5. | Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... |
47,100 | 188 % | |
| 6. | Praha | 43,200 | 172 % | |
| 7. | Île-de-France Île-de-France (région) Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area.... |
42,000 | 168 % | |
| 8. | Stockholm Stockholm Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area... |
41,900 | 167 % | |
| 9. | Bratislavský kraj | 41,800 | 167 % | |
| 10. | Wien Wien Wien is the German language name for Vienna, the city and federal state in Austria.* Wien , in Vienna, Austria* Theater an der Wien, a theater in Vienna located at the former river WienWien may also refer to:... |
40,900 | 163 % | |
| 11. | Oberbayern | 40,500 | 162 % | |
| 12. | Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... |
39,500 | 158 % | |
| 13. | Utrecht Utrecht (province) Utrecht is the smallest province of the Netherlands in terms of area, and is located in the centre of the country. It is bordered by the Eemmeer in the north, Gelderland in the east, the river Rhine in the south, South Holland in the west, and North Holland in the northwest... |
39,300 | 157 % | |
| 14. | Grampian Grampian Grampian was a local government region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. It is now divided into the unitary council areas of:*Moray*Aberdeenshire*City of AberdeenThe region had five districts:*Aberdeen*Banff and Buchan... Scotland Scotland Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the... |
39,300 | 157 % | |
| 15. | Darmstadt Darmstadt (region) Darmstadt is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the south of the state.- External links :*... |
39,100 | 156 % | |
| 16. | Berkshire Berkshire Berkshire is a historic county in the South of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and... , Buckinghamshire & Oxfordshire Oxfordshire Oxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire .... |
38,500 | 154 % | |
| 17. | Noord-Holland | 38,200 | 152 % | |
| 18. | Hovedstaden | 38,000 | 152 % | |
| 19. | Southern and Eastern | 37,000 | 148 % | |
| 20. | Åland | 36,700 | 145 % | |
| Rank | NUTS-1 Region | Member state | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in Euros | As % of EU-27 average | |||
| 1. | Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south... |
70,000 | 279% | |
| 2. | Bruxelles-Cap., Brussels Hfdst. | 54,100 | 216 % | |
| 3. | London Greater London Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London... |
49,200 | 196 % | |
| 4. | Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... |
47,100 | 188 % | |
| 5. | Île-de-France Île-de-France (région) Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area.... |
42,000 | 168 % | |
| 6. | Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... |
39,500 | 158 % | |
| 7. | Åland | 36,300 | 145 % | |
| 8. | West-Nederland | 36,300 | 145 % | |
| 9. | Östra Sverige | 35,000 | 140 % | |
| 10. | Hessen | 34,800 | 139 % | |
| 11. | Noord-Nederland | 34,500 | 138 % | |
| 12. | Bayern | 33,900 | 135 % | |
| 13. | Madrid Madrid (autonomous community) The Community of Madrid is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located at the center of the country, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Castilian Central Plateau . The community is also conterminous with the province of Madrid and contains the capital of Spain, which is also... |
33,500 | 134 % | |
| 14. | Ireland Ireland Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth... |
33,300 | 133% | |
| 15. | Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants... |
32,400 | 129 % | |
| 16. | Ostösterreich | 32,400 | 129 % | |
| 17. | Westösterreich | 32,200 | 128 % | |
| 18. | Zuid-Nederland | 32,100 | 128 % | |
| 19. | Noreste | 31,900 | 127 % | |
| 20. | Nord Ovest Northwest Italy Northwest Italy is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics , a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency... |
31,500 | 126 % | |
Source: Eurostat
Economically weakest NUTS-2 regions
The twenty lowest regions in the ranking in 2008 were all in Bulgaria, Romania, Poland and Hungary, with the lowest figures recorded in SeverozapadenSeverozapaden
Severozepaden is a region of Bulgaria. The capital is the city of Pleven. The region has the lowest-ranked economy in Bulgaria and the European Union, with a GDP of € 6,400 or 25.6 % of EU27 average . It includes five administrative divisions or oblasts: Vidin Province, Vratsa Province, Montana...
in Bulgaria (28% of the average), followed by Nord-Est
Nord-Est (development region)
Nord-Est or Nord-Est Moldova is a development region in Romania.-Counties:The Nord-Est region is made up of the following counties:*Bacău*Botoşani*Iaşi*Neamţ*Suceava*Vaslui-Economy:...
in Romania (29 %), Severen tsentralen
Severen tsentralen
Severen Tsentralen is a planning region of Bulgaria, encompassing five Bulgarian provinces: Ruse, Veliko Tarnovo, Gabrovo, Targovishte and Razgrad.The region is mostly inhabited by Bulgarians, Turkish and Romani people...
and Yuzhen tsentralen
Yuzhen tsentralen
Yuzhen tsentralen is a Bulgarian region. The capital is Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria. It includes five Bulgarians provinces : Plovdiv Province, Pazardzhik Province, Smolyan Province, Kardzhali Province and Haskovo Province....
in Bulgaria (both 30%).
Among the 64 regions below the 75% level, fifteen were in Poland, seven each in the Czech republic and Romania, six each in Bulgaria and Hungary, four each in Italy and Portugal, three each in Greece, France (all overseas departments) and Slovakia, two in the United Kingdom, one in Spain, as well as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
| Rank | NUTS-2 Region | Member state | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in Euros | As % of EU-27 average | |||
| 1. | Severozapaden Severozapaden Severozepaden is a region of Bulgaria. The capital is the city of Pleven. The region has the lowest-ranked economy in Bulgaria and the European Union, with a GDP of € 6,400 or 25.6 % of EU27 average . It includes five administrative divisions or oblasts: Vidin Province, Vratsa Province, Montana... |
7,100 | 28 % | |
| 2. | Nord-Est Nord-Est (development region) Nord-Est or Nord-Est Moldova is a development region in Romania.-Counties:The Nord-Est region is made up of the following counties:*Bacău*Botoşani*Iaşi*Neamţ*Suceava*Vaslui-Economy:... |
7,200 | 29 % | |
| 3. | Severen tsentralen Severen tsentralen Severen Tsentralen is a planning region of Bulgaria, encompassing five Bulgarian provinces: Ruse, Veliko Tarnovo, Gabrovo, Targovishte and Razgrad.The region is mostly inhabited by Bulgarians, Turkish and Romani people... |
7,500 | 30 % | |
| 4. | Yuzhen tsentralen Yuzhen tsentralen Yuzhen tsentralen is a Bulgarian region. The capital is Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria. It includes five Bulgarians provinces : Plovdiv Province, Pazardzhik Province, Smolyan Province, Kardzhali Province and Haskovo Province.... |
7,600 | 30 % | |
| 5. | Yugoiztochen Yugoiztochen Yugoiztochen is one of Bulgaria's planning regions. The capital is Burgas. It includes: Burgas Province, Sliven Province, Yambol Province and Stara Zagora Province.... |
9,000 | 36 % | |
| 6. | Sud-Vest Oltenia | 9,100 | 36 % | |
| 7. | Severoiztochen Severoiztochen Severoiztochen is a planning region in Bulgaria.The region includes four provinces: Silistra Province, Varna Province, Shumen Province and Dobrich Province.... |
9,400 | 37 % | |
| 8. | Sud-Est Sud-Est (development region) Sud-Est is a development region in Romania.- References :... |
9,700 | 39 % | |
| 9. | Podkarpackie | 9,700 | 39 % | |
| 10. | Sud – Muntenia | 9,800 | 39 % | |
| 11. | Lubelskie | 9,800 | 39 % | |
| 12. | Észak Magyaroszág Northern Hungary Northern Hungary is a region in Hungary. As a statistical region it includes the counties Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Heves and Nógrád, but in colloquial speech it usually also refers to Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. The region is actually in the north-eastern part of the country, but the northwestern... |
10,000 | 40 % | |
| 13. | Észak Alföld Northern Great Plain Northern Great Plain is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of Great Plain and North region. Northern Great Plain includes the counties of Hajdú-Bihar, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. It is also one of the largest plains in the world with an area of about 3000 square... |
10,000 | 40 % | |
| 14. | Podlaskie | 10,300 | 41 % | |
| 15. | Nord-Vest Nord-Vest (development region) Nord-Vest is a development region in Romania, created in 1998. As other development regions, it does not have any administrative powers, its main function being to co-ordinate regional development projects and manage funds from the European Union.-Counties:The Nord-Vest region is made up of the... |
10,400 | 41 % | |
| 16. | Warmińsko-Mazurskie | 10,500 | 42 % | |
| 17. | Dél Alföld Southern Great Plain Southern Great Plain is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of Great Plain and North region. Southern Great Plain includes the 3 counties:* Bács-Kiskun* Békés* Csongrád... |
10,800 | 43 % | |
| 18. | Dél Dunántúl Southern Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of the Transdanubia region. Southern Transdanubia includes the counties of Somogy, Tolna, and Baranya. Its capital is the city of Pécs.... |
11,100 | 44 % | |
| 19. | Centru Centru (development region) Centru is a development region in Romania.-Demographics:Centru has a total population of 2,523,021. Its population density is 73.99/km², somewhat lower than the national average of 91.3/km². The region is one of the most ethnically-diverse in Romania, with ethnic Romanians making up 65.4% of the... |
11,200 | 45 % | |
| 20. | Świętokrzyskie | 11,300 | 45 % | |
| Rank | NUTS-1 Region | Member state | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in Euros | As % of EU-27 average | |||
| 1. | Severna i Iztochna Bulgaria | 8,300 | 33 % | |
| 2. | Macroregiunea Doi | 8,300 | 33 % | |
| 3. | Region Wschodni | 10,100 | 40 % | |
| 4. | Alföld és Észak | 10,300 | 41 % | |
| 5. | Macroregiunea Patru | 10,700 | 43 % | |
| 6. | Macroregiunea Unu Macroregiunea Unu Macroregiunea Unu is a statistical region of Romania.... |
10,800 | 43 % | |
| 7. | Region Północny | 12,200 | 49 % | |
| 8. | Yugozapadna i Yuzhna Tsentralna Bulgaria | 13,700 | 55 % | |
| 9. | Region Północno-Zachodni | 13,700 | 55 % | |
| 10. | Dunántúl Transdanubia Transdanubia is a traditional region of Hungary.-Traditional interpretation:The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube river , the Drava and Mura rivers and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria .Transdanubia comprises the counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron,... |
13,800 | 55 % | |
| 11. | Region Południowy | 14,000 | 56 % | |
| 12. | Latvia Latvia Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden... |
14,100 | 56% | |
| 13. | Region Południowo-Zachodni | 14,300 | 57 % | |
| 14. | Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark... |
15,300 | 61% | |
| 15. | Départements d'Outre-Mer | 16,400 | 65 % | |
| 16. | Estonia Estonia Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies... |
17,000 | 68% | |
| 17. | Sud | 17,200 | 69 % | |
| 18. | Macroregiunea Trei | 17,300 | 69 % | |
| 19. | Isole Insular Italy Insular Italy is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics , a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Insular Italy encompasses two of the country's 20 regions:... |
17,400 | 69 % | |
| 20. | Açores | 18,100 | 72 % | |
Source: Eurostat
Richest & Poorest NUTS-2 Regions (GDP PPP 2008)
| Member State | Region | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|
| in Euros | As % of EU-27 average | ||
| European Union |
25,100 | 100.0% | |
| Austria |
30,600 | 122.8% | |
| Richest | Wien Wien Wien is the German language name for Vienna, the city and federal state in Austria.* Wien , in Vienna, Austria* Theater an der Wien, a theater in Vienna located at the former river WienWien may also refer to:... |
40,600 | 163.1 % |
| Salzburg Salzburg (state) Salzburg is a state or Land of Austria with an area of 7,156 km2, located adjacent to the German border. It is also known as Salzburgerland, to distinguish it from its capital city, also named Salzburg... |
34,700 | 139.5 % | |
| Tirol | 31,900 | 128.2 % | |
| Vorarlberg Vorarlberg Vorarlberg is the westernmost federal-state of Austria. Although it is the second smallest in terms of area and population , it borders three countries: Germany , Switzerland and Liechtenstein... |
31,900 | 128.1 % | |
| Oberösterreich | 29,900 | 119.9 % | |
| Steiermark | 26,400 | 106.1 % | |
| Kärnten | 26,100 | 104.6 % | |
| Niederösterreich | 24,900 | 100.1 % | |
| Poorest | Burgenland Burgenland Burgenland is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. It consists of two Statutarstädte and seven districts with in total 171 municipalities. It is 166 km long from north to south but much narrower from west to east... |
20,300 | 81.4 % |
| Belgium |
28,800 | 115.7% | |
| Richest | Bruxelles-Cap., Brussels Hfdst. | 54,100 | 216 % |
| Antwerpen Antwerp (province) Antwerp is the northernmost province both of the Flemish Region, also called Flanders, and of Belgium. It borders on the Netherlands and the Belgian provinces of Limburg, Flemish Brabant and East Flanders. Its capital is Antwerp which comprises the Port of Antwerp... |
33,700 | 135 % | |
| Vlaams Brabant | 30,100 | 120 % | |
| Brabant Wallon | 29,000 | 116 % | |
| West-Vlaanderen | 27,100 | 108 % | |
| Oost-Vlaanderen | 25,800 | 103 % | |
| Liége Liège (province) Liège is the easternmost province of Belgium and belongs to the Walloon Region. It is an area of French and German ethnicity. It borders on the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and in Belgium the provinces of Luxembourg, Namur, Walloon Brabant , and those of Flemish Brabant and Limburg . Its... |
21,400 | 86 % | |
| Limburg Limburg (Belgium) Limburg is the easternmost province of modern Flanders, which is one of the three main political and cultural sub-divisions of modern Belgium. It is located west of the river Meuse . It borders on the Dutch provinces of North Brabant and Limburg and the Belgian provinces of Liège, Flemish Brabant... |
21,400 | 86 % | |
| Namur Namur (province) Namur is a province of Wallonia, one of the three regions of Belgium. It borders on the Walloon provinces of Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Liège and Luxembourg in Belgium, and on France. Its capital is the city of Namur... |
20,100 | 80 % | |
| Hainaut | 19,100 | 76 % | |
| Poorest | Luxembourg Luxembourg (Belgium) Luxembourg is the southernmost province of Wallonia and of Belgium. It borders on the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, France, and the Belgian provinces of Namur and Liège. Its capital is Arlon, in the south-east of the province.It has an area of 4,443 km², making it the largest Belgian province... |
19,100 | 76 % |
| Kingdom of Bulgaria |
10,900 | 44% | |
| Richest | Yugozapaden Yugozapaden Yugozapaden is a planning region in Bulgaria. The capital, also the national capital, is Sofia. It includes: Blagoevgrad Province, Sofia city, Sofia Province, Pernik Province and Kyustendil Province.... |
18,200 | 73 % |
| Severoiztochen Severoiztochen Severoiztochen is a planning region in Bulgaria.The region includes four provinces: Silistra Province, Varna Province, Shumen Province and Dobrich Province.... |
9,400 | 37 % | |
| Yugoiztochen Yugoiztochen Yugoiztochen is one of Bulgaria's planning regions. The capital is Burgas. It includes: Burgas Province, Sliven Province, Yambol Province and Stara Zagora Province.... |
9,000 | 36 % | |
| Yuzhen tsentralen Yuzhen tsentralen Yuzhen tsentralen is a Bulgarian region. The capital is Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria. It includes five Bulgarians provinces : Plovdiv Province, Pazardzhik Province, Smolyan Province, Kardzhali Province and Haskovo Province.... |
7,600 | 30 % | |
| Severen tsentralen Severen tsentralen Severen Tsentralen is a planning region of Bulgaria, encompassing five Bulgarian provinces: Ruse, Veliko Tarnovo, Gabrovo, Targovishte and Razgrad.The region is mostly inhabited by Bulgarians, Turkish and Romani people... |
7,500 | 30 % | |
| Poorest | Severozapaden Severozapaden Severozepaden is a region of Bulgaria. The capital is the city of Pleven. The region has the lowest-ranked economy in Bulgaria and the European Union, with a GDP of € 6,400 or 25.6 % of EU27 average . It includes five administrative divisions or oblasts: Vidin Province, Vratsa Province, Montana... |
7,100 | 28 % |
| Cyprus |
24,400 | 97% | |
| Czech Republic |
20,200 | 80% | |
| Richest | Praha | 43,200 | 172 % |
| Střední Čechy | 18,600 | 74 % | |
| Jihovýchod | 18,400 | 74 % | |
| Moravskoslezsko | 17,400 | 69 % | |
| Jihozápad | 17,100 | 68 % | |
| Severovýchod | 16,200 | 65 % | |
| Střední Morava | 16,100 | 64 % | |
| Poorest | Severozápad | 15,600 | 62 % |
| Denmark |
30,800 | 123% | |
| Richest | Hovedstaden | 38,000 | 152 % |
| Midtjylland | 29,300 | 117 % | |
| Syddanmark | 28,800 | 115 % | |
| Nordjylland | 28,500 | 114 % | |
| Poorest | Sjælland | 23,100 | 92 % |
| Estonia |
17,000 | 68% | |
| Finland |
29,500 | 118% | |
| Richest | Åland | 36,300 | 145 % |
| Etelä-Suomi | 33,600 | 134 % | |
| Länsi-Suomi Länsi-Suomi Länsi-Suomi is a morning broadsheet newspaper published in Finland, based in Rauma. Established in 1905, as of 2009 it has a circulation of 16,833 papers.... |
26,500 | 106 % | |
| Pohjois-Suomi | 25,900 | 103 % | |
| Poorest | Itä-Suomi | 22,300 | 89 % |
| Early Modern France |
26,700 | 107% | |
| Richest | Île-de-France Île-de-France (région) Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area.... |
42,000 | 168 % |
| Rhône-Alpes Rhône-Alpes Rhône-Alpes is one of the 27 regions of France, located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the Rhône River and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris... |
26,800 | 107 % | |
| Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur or PACA is one of the 27 regions of France.It is made up of:* the former French province of Provence* the former papal territory of Avignon, known as Comtat Venaissin... |
25,200 | 101 % | |
| Alsace Alsace Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²... |
24,900 | 99 % | |
| Champagne-Ardenne Champagne-Ardenne Champagne-Ardenne is one of the 27 regions of France. It is located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium, and consists of four departments: Aube, Ardennes, Haute-Marne, and Marne. The region is famous for its sparkling white wine . Its rivers, most of which flow west, include the... |
24,600 | 98 % | |
| Upper Normandy | 24,200 | 97 % | |
| Pays de la Loire Pays de la Loire Pays de la Loire is one of the 27 regions of France. It is one of the regions created in the late 20th century to serve as a zone of influence for its capital, Nantes, one of a handful so-called "balancing metropolises" ¹... |
24,100 | 96 % | |
| Aquitaine Aquitaine Aquitaine , archaic Guyenne/Guienne , is one of the 27 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It comprises the 5 departments of Dordogne, :Lot et Garonne, :Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes... |
24,000 | 96 % | |
| Midi-Pyrénées Midi-Pyrénées Midi-Pyrénées is the largest region of metropolitan France by area, larger than the Netherlands or Denmark.Midi-Pyrénées has no historical or geographical unity... |
24,000 | 96 % | |
| Burgundy | 23,300 | 93 % | |
| Brittany | 23,300 | 93 % | |
| Centre | 23,300 | 93 % | |
| Auvergne Auvergne (région) Auvergne is one of the 27 administrative regions of France. It comprises the 4 departments of Allier, Puy de Dome, Cantal and Haute Loire.The current administrative region of Auvergne is larger than the historical province of Auvergne, and includes provinces and areas that historically were not... |
22,200 | 89 % | |
| Poitou-Charentes Poitou-Charentes Poitou-Charentes is an administrative region in central western France comprising four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. The regional capital is Poitiers.-Politics:The regional council is composed of 56 members... |
22,000 | 88 % | |
| Franche-Comté Franche-Comté Franche-Comté the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France... |
21,900 | 87 % | |
| Nord-Pas-de-Calais | 21,700 | 87 % | |
| Lower Normandy | 21,600 | 86 % | |
| Lorraine Lorraine (région) Lorraine is one of the 27 régions of France. The administrative region has two cities of equal importance, Metz and Nancy. Metz is considered to be the official capital since that is where the regional parliament is situated... |
21,500 | 86 % | |
| Limousin Limousin (région) Limousin is one of the 27 regions of France. It is composed of three départements: Corrèze, Creuse and the Haute-Vienne.Situated largely in the Massif Central, as of January 1st 2008, the Limousin comprised 740,743 inhabitants on nearly 17 000 km2, making it the second least populated region of... |
21,300 | 85 % | |
| Languedoc-Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon is one of the 27 regions of France. It comprises five departments, and borders the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées on the one side, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean sea on the other side.-Geography:The region is... |
21,000 | 84 % | |
| Picardy | 21,000 | 84 % | |
| Corsica Corsica Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia.... |
20,900 | 83 % | |
| Martinique Martinique Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of . Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados... |
19,000 | 76 % | |
| Guadeloupe Guadeloupe Guadeloupe is an archipelago located in the Leeward Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, with a land area of 1,628 square kilometres and a population of 400,000. It is the first overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. As with the other overseas departments, Guadeloupe... |
17,200 | 69 % | |
| Réunion Réunion Réunion is a French island with a population of about 800,000 located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about south west of Mauritius, the nearest island.Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France... |
15,700 | 63 % | |
| Poorest | French Guiana French Guiana French Guiana is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It has borders with two nations, Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west... |
12,400 | 50 % |
| Germany |
29,000 | 116% | |
| Richest | Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... |
47,100 | 188 % |
| Oberbayern | 40,500 | 162 % | |
| Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... |
39,500 | 158 % | |
| Darmstadt Darmstadt (region) Darmstadt is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the south of the state.- External links :*... |
39,100 | 156 % | |
| Stuttgart Stuttgart (region) Stuttgart is one of the four administrative districts of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the north-east of the state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwestern part of Germany.It is sub-divided into the three regions Heilbronn-Franken, Ostwürttemberg, Stuttgart.- External links :*... |
34,700 | 139 % | |
| Mittelfranken | 33,500 | 134 % | |
| Düsseldorf Düsseldorf (region) Düsseldorf is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north-west of the country. It covers the western part of the Ruhr Area, as well as the Niederrheinische Tiefebene, the lower Rhine area. It is the most populated of all German administrative areas of... |
33,100 | 132 % | |
| Karlsruhe Karlsruhe (region) Karlsruhe is one of the four administrative districts of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the north-west of the state. It is subdivided into the three regional associations : Mittlerer Oberrhein , Rhein-Neckar and Nordschwarzwald .- External links :*... |
32,700 | 130 % | |
| Oberpfalz | 31,400 | 125 % | |
| Tübingen Tübingen (region) Tübingen is one of the four Administrative Regions of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the south-east of the country. It covers most of the German shore of Lake Constance , and also the beginning of the Danube River valley. It is sub-divided into the three regions : Neckar-Alb, Donau-Iller... |
31,400 | 125 % | |
| Schwaben Swabia (administrative region) Swabia is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany.- Geography :Swabia is located in southwest Bavaria. It was formed out of the part of the historic region of Swabia which was annexed by Bavaria in 1803. It was once formally ruled by dukes of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. During... |
30,300 | 121 % | |
| Köln Cologne (region) Cologne is one of the five governmental districts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located in the south-west of that state and covers the hills of the Eifel as well as the Bergisches Land.... |
29,100 | 116 % | |
| Unterfranken | 29,100 | 116 % | |
| Niederbayern | 28,700 | 115 % | |
| Freiburg Freiburg (region) Freiburg is one of the four Regierungsbezirke of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the south-west of the country. It covers the Black Forest hills as well as the Rhine valley. It's sub-divided into the three regions Hochrhein-Bodensee, Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg and Südlicher Oberrhein.-... |
28,700 | 114 % | |
| Saarland Saarland Saarland is one of the sixteen states of Germany. The capital is Saarbrücken. It has an area of 2570 km² and 1,045,000 inhabitants. In both area and population, it is the smallest state in Germany other than the city-states... |
28,700 | 114 % | |
| Kassel Kassel (region) Kassel is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the north of the state. It was created in 1866 when Prussia annexed the area to form the new province Hesse-Nassau... |
28,300 | 113 % | |
| Oberfranken | 28,300 | 113 % | |
| Hannover Hanover (region) Hanover was a Regierungsbezirk of the Prussian Province of Hanover and of Lower Saxony, Germany, that existed from 1885 until 2004. It was located in the south of the state around the city of Hanover, its capital.... |
27,900 | 111 % | |
| Detmold Detmold (region) The Regierungsbezirk Detmold is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north-east of the state... |
27,800 | 111 % | |
| Braunschweig Braunschweig (region) Brunswick is one of the four former administrative regions of Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the southeast of the state. The region covers roughly the area of the former state of Brunswick-Lüneburg... |
27,400 | 109 % | |
| Arnsberg Arnsberg (region) Arnsberg is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the south-east of the country. It covers the Sauerland hills as well as the east part of the Ruhr area.... |
27,200 | 108 % | |
| Gießen Gießen (region) Gießen is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the middle of the state.- External links :*... |
27,200 | 108 % | |
| Rheinhessen-Pfalz Rheinhessen-Pfalz Rheinhessen-Pfalz was one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the south of the state... |
26,300 | 105 % | |
| Weser-Ems Weser-Ems Weser-Ems was the most westerly of the four Regierungsbezirke of Lower Saxony, Germany, bordering the Dutch provinces of Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel... |
25,400 | 102 % | |
| Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig... |
24,900 | 99 % | |
| Berlin | 24,700 | 99 % | |
| Münster Münster (region) Münster is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north of the state, and named after the city of Münster. It includes the area which in medieval times was known as the Dreingau.... |
24,700 | 99 % | |
| Koblenz Koblenz (region) Koblenz was one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the north-east of the state.The region was created in 1815 as part of the Prussian Rhineland, becoming part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946.... |
24,100 | 96 % | |
| Trier Trier (region) Trier was one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the west of the state.The region was created in 1815 as part of the Prussian Rhineland. Before World War I parts of Saarland were administered within Regierungsbezirk Trier... |
23,600 | 94 % | |
| Leipzig Leipzig (region) Leipzig is one of the three Direktionsbezirke of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, located in the north-west of the state. It coincides with the Planungsregion Westsachsen.-History:... |
22,300 | 89 % | |
| Brandenburg-Südwest | 21,900 | 88 % | |
| Dresden Dresden (region) Dresden is one of the three Direktionsbezirke of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, located in the east of the state. It coincides with the Planungsregionen Oberlausitz-Niederschlesien and Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge.-History:... |
21,800 | 87 % | |
| Sachsen-Anhalt | 21,400 | 85 % | |
| Lüneburg Lüneburg (region) Lüneburg was one of the four Regierungsbezirke of Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the north of the federal state between the three cities Bremen, Hamburg and Hanover.... |
21,100 | 84 % | |
| Thüringen Thuringia The Free State of Thuringia is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country.It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states.... |
21,100 | 84 % | |
| Chemnitz Chemnitz (region) thumb|right|200px|none|The [[:de:Regierungsbezirk Chemnitz|Regierungsbezirk Chemnitz]] before August 2008Chemnitz is one of the three Direktionsbezirke of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, located in the south-west of the state... |
20,800 | 83 % | |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 20,400 | 81 % | |
| Poorest | Brandenburg-Nordost | 18,800 | 75 % |
| Greece |
23,500 | 94% | |
| Richest | Βορείου Αιγαίου – North Aegean North Aegean The North Aegean is one of the thirteen regions of Greece. It comprises the islands of the north-eastern Aegean Sea, except for Samothrace, which belongs to the region of East Macedonia and Thrace, and Imbros and Tenedos which belong to Turkey.... |
28,300 | 113 % |
| Αττικής – Attica | 28,200 | 113 % | |
| Στερεά Ελλάδα – Central Greece | 25,100 | 100 % | |
| Κρήτη – Crete Crete Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits... |
23,500 | 94 % | |
| Ιονίων Νησιών – Ionian Islands | 22,500 | 90 % | |
| Δυτική Ελλάδα – West Greece West Greece West Greece is one of the thirteen regions of Greece. It comprises the western part of continental Greece and the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula.- Administration :... |
21,100 | 84 % | |
| Δυτικής Μακεδονίας – West Macedonia West Macedonia West Macedonia is one of the thirteen regions of Greece, consisting of the western part of Greek Macedonia. It is divided into the regional units of Florina, Grevena, Kastoria, and Kozani.-Geography:... |
21,100 | 84 % | |
| Πελοποννήσου – Peloponnese | 21,100 | 84 % | |
| Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας – Central Macedonia Central Macedonia Central Macedonia is one of the thirteen regions of Greece, consisting of the central part of the region of Macedonia. With a population of over 1.8 million, it is the second most populous in Greece after Attica.- Administration :... |
20,300 | 81 % | |
| Νοτίου Αιγαίου – South Aegean South Aegean The South Aegean is one of the thirteen regions of Greece. It consists of the Cyclades and Dodecanese island groups in the central and southeastern Aegean Sea.- Administration :... |
19,900 | 80 % | |
| Θεσσαλίας – Thessaly Thessaly Thessaly is a traditional geographical region and an administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears thus in Homer's Odyssey.... |
19,500 | 78 % | |
| Ηπείρου – Hepirus Epirus (region) Epirus is a geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, shared between Greece and Albania. It lies between the Pindus Mountains and the Ionian Sea, stretching from the Bay of Vlorë in the north to the Ambracian Gulf in the south... |
18,400 | 73 % | |
| Poorest | Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας και Θράκης – East Macedonia and Thrace East Macedonia and Thrace East Macedonia and Thrace is one of the thirteen regions of Greece. It consists of the northeastern parts of the country, comprising the eastern part of the region of Macedonia along with the region of Thrace, and the islands of Thasos and Samothrace.... |
16,600 | 66 % |
| Hungary |
16,200 | 64% | |
| Richest | Közép Magyarország Central Hungary Central Hungary is one of the seven statistical regions in Hungary . It includes and .- Administration :... |
26,800 | 107 % |
| Nyugat Dunántúl Western Transdanubia Western Transdanubia is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of the Transdanubia region. Western Transdanubia includes the counties of Zala, Vas, and Győr-Moson-Sopron.... |
15,700 | 63 % | |
| Közép Dunántúl Central Transdanubia Central Transdanubia is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of Transdanubia region. Central Transdanubia includes counties of Fejér, Komárom-Esztergom, and Veszprém.... |
14,500 | 58 % | |
| Dél Dunántúl Southern Transdanubia Southern Transdanubia is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of the Transdanubia region. Southern Transdanubia includes the counties of Somogy, Tolna, and Baranya. Its capital is the city of Pécs.... |
11,100 | 44 % | |
| Dél Alföld Southern Great Plain Southern Great Plain is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of Great Plain and North region. Southern Great Plain includes the 3 counties:* Bács-Kiskun* Békés* Csongrád... |
10,800 | 43 % | |
| Észak Alföld Northern Great Plain Northern Great Plain is a statistical region of Hungary. It is part of Great Plain and North region. Northern Great Plain includes the counties of Hajdú-Bihar, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. It is also one of the largest plains in the world with an area of about 3000 square... |
10,000 | 40 % | |
| Poorest | Észak Magyaroszág Northern Hungary Northern Hungary is a region in Hungary. As a statistical region it includes the counties Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Heves and Nógrád, but in colloquial speech it usually also refers to Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. The region is actually in the north-eastern part of the country, but the northwestern... |
10,000 | 40 % |
| 33,300 | 133% | ||
| Richest | Southern and Eastern | 37,000 | 148 % |
| Poorest | Border, Midland and Western | 23,300 | 93 % |
| Italy |
26,000 | 104% | |
| Richest | South Tyrol South Tyrol South Tyrol , also known by its Italian name Alto Adige, is an autonomous province in northern Italy. It is one of the two autonomous provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of and a total population of more than 500,000 inhabitants... |
34,300 | 137 % |
| Lombardia | 33,500 | 134 % | |
| Emilia–Romagna | 31,900 | 127 % | |
| Lazio | 30,800 | 123 % | |
| Trentino | 30,700 | 122 % | |
| Veneto Veneto Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule... |
30,500 | 122 % | |
| Valle d’Aosta | 30,300 | 121 % | |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia Friuli-Venezia Giulia Friuli–Venezia Giulia is one of the twenty regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste. It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central European countries, the region is... |
29,200 | 117 % | |
| Piemonte | 28,500 | 114 % | |
| Toscana | 28,500 | 114 % | |
| Liguria Liguria Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:... |
27,100 | 108 % | |
| Marche Marche The population density in the region is below the national average. In 2008, it was 161.5 inhabitants per km2, compared to the national figure of 198.8. It is highest in the province of Ancona , and lowest in the province of Macerata... |
26,500 | 106 % | |
| Umbria Umbria Umbria is a region of modern central Italy. It is one of the smallest Italian regions and the only peninsular region that is landlocked.Its capital is Perugia.Assisi and Norcia are historical towns associated with St. Francis of Assisi, and St... |
24,400 | 97 % | |
| Abruzzo Abruzzo Abruzzo is a region in Italy, its western border lying less than due east of Rome. Abruzzo borders the region of Marche to the north, Lazio to the west and south-west, Molise to the south-east, and the Adriatic Sea to the east... |
21,400 | 85 % | |
| Molise Molise Molise is a region of Southern Italy, the second smallest of the regions. It was formerly part of the region of Abruzzi e Molise and now a separate entity... |
20,100 | 80 % | |
| Sardegna | 19,700 | 79 % | |
| Basilicata Basilicata Basilicata , also known as Lucania, is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia to the north and east, and Calabria to the south, having one short southwestern coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea between Campania in the northwest and Calabria in the southwest, and a... |
19,100 | 76 % | |
| Puglia | 16,900 | 67 % | |
| Sicilia | 16,600 | 66 % | |
| Calabria Calabria Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro.... |
16,400 | 66 % | |
| Poorest | Campania Campania Campania is a region in southern Italy. The region has a population of around 5.8 million people, making it the second-most-populous region of Italy; its total area of 13,590 km² makes it the most densely populated region in the country... |
16,400 | 66 % |
| Latvia |
14,100 | 56% | |
| Lithuania |
15,300 | 61% | |
| Luxembourg |
70,000 | 279% | |
| Malta |
19,500 | 78% | |
| Netherlands |
33,500 | 134% | |
| Richest | Groningen Groningen (province) Groningen [] is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. In the east it borders the German state of Niedersachsen , in the south Drenthe, in the west Friesland and in the north the Wadden Sea... |
49,700 | 198 % |
| Utrecht Utrecht (province) Utrecht is the smallest province of the Netherlands in terms of area, and is located in the centre of the country. It is bordered by the Eemmeer in the north, Gelderland in the east, the river Rhine in the south, South Holland in the west, and North Holland in the northwest... |
39,300 | 157 % | |
| Noord-Holland | 38,200 | 152 % | |
| Zuid-Holland | 34,400 | 137 % | |
| Noord-Brabant | 33,300 | 133 % | |
| Zeeland Zeeland Zeeland , also called Zealand in English, is the westernmost province of the Netherlands. The province, located in the south-west of the country, consists of a number of islands and a strip bordering Belgium. Its capital is Middelburg. With a population of about 380,000, its area is about... |
30,800 | 123 % | |
| Limburg Limburg (Netherlands) Limburg is the southernmost of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by the province of Gelderland to the north, Germany to the east, Belgium to the south and part of the west, andthe Dutch province of North Brabant partly to... |
29,500 | 118 % | |
| Overijssel Overijssel Overijssel is a province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country. The region has a NUTS classification of NL21. The province's name means "Lands across river IJssel". The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle and the largest city is Enschede... |
29,000 | 116 % | |
| Gelderland Gelderland Gelderland is the largest province of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem. The two other major cities, Nijmegen and Apeldoorn have more inhabitants. Other major regional centers in Gelderland are Ede, Doetinchem, Zutphen, Tiel, Wijchen,... |
28,200 | 112 % | |
| Friesland Friesland Friesland is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the ancient region of Frisia.Until the end of 1996, the province bore Friesland as its official name. In 1997 this Dutch name lost its official status to the Frisian Fryslân... |
27,400 | 110 % | |
| Drenthe Drenthe Drenthe is a province of the Netherlands, located in the north-east of the country. The capital city is Assen. It is bordered by Overijssel to the south, Friesland to the west, Groningen to the north, and Germany to the east.-History:Drenthe, unlike many other parts of the Netherlands, has been a... |
25,800 | 103 % | |
| Poorest | Flevoland Flevoland Flevoland is a province of the Netherlands. Located in the centre of the country, at the location of the former Zuiderzee, the province was established on January 1, 1986; the twelfth province of the country, with Lelystad as its capital... |
25,600 | 102 % |
| Poland |
14,100 | 56% | |
| Richest | Mazowieckie | 22,200 | 89 % |
| Śląskie | 15,200 | 61 % | |
| Dolnośląskie | 15,200 | 60 % | |
| Wielkopolskie | 14,700 | 59 % | |
| Pomorskie | 13,400 | 53 % | |
| Łódzkie | 13,100 | 52 % | |
| Zachodniopomorskie | 12,800 | 51 % | |
| Kujawsko-Pomorskie | 12,200 | 49 % | |
| Małopolskie | 12,200 | 49 % | |
| Lubuskie | 12,100 | 48 % | |
| Opolskie | 12,000 | 48 % | |
| Świętokrzyskie | 11,300 | 45 % | |
| Warmińsko-Mazurskie | 10,500 | 42 % | |
| Podlaskie | 10,300 | 41 % | |
| Lubelskie | 9,800 | 39 % | |
| Poorest | Podkarpackie | 9,700 | 39 % |
| Portugal |
19,500 | 78% | |
| Richest | Lisboa | 27,200 | 109 % |
| Madeira Madeira Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union... |
25,800 | 103 % | |
| Algarve | 21,500 | 86 % | |
| Açores | 18,300 | 73 % | |
| Alentejo | 18,100 | 72 % | |
| Centro | 16,100 | 64 % | |
| Poorest | Norte | 15,600 | 62 % |
| Kingdom of Romania |
10,700 | 47% | |
| Richest | Bucureşti – Ilfov | 28,300 | 113 % |
| Vest Vest (development region) Vest or Vest-Banat is a development region in Romania created in 1998. As with the other development regions, it does not have any administrative powers. Its primary functions are coordinating regional development projects and managing funds from the European Union.- References :... |
12,700 | 51 % | |
| Centru Centru (development region) Centru is a development region in Romania.-Demographics:Centru has a total population of 2,523,021. Its population density is 73.99/km², somewhat lower than the national average of 91.3/km². The region is one of the most ethnically-diverse in Romania, with ethnic Romanians making up 65.4% of the... |
11,200 | 45 % | |
| Nord-Vest Nord-Vest (development region) Nord-Vest is a development region in Romania, created in 1998. As other development regions, it does not have any administrative powers, its main function being to co-ordinate regional development projects and manage funds from the European Union.-Counties:The Nord-Vest region is made up of the... |
10,400 | 41 % | |
| Sud – Muntenia | 9,800 | 39 % | |
| Sud-Est Sud-Est (development region) Sud-Est is a development region in Romania.- References :... |
9,700 | 39 % | |
| Sud-Vest Oltenia | 9,100 | 36 % | |
| Poorest | Nord-Est Nord-Est (development region) Nord-Est or Nord-Est Moldova is a development region in Romania.-Counties:The Nord-Est region is made up of the following counties:*Bacău*Botoşani*Iaşi*Neamţ*Suceava*Vaslui-Economy:... |
7,200 | 29 % |
| Slovakia |
18,100 | 72% | |
| Richest | Bratislavský kraj | 41,800 | 167 % |
| Západné Slovensko | 17,400 | 69 % | |
| Stredné Slovensko | 14,800 | 59 % | |
| Poorest | Východné Slovensko | 12,700 | 51 % |
| Slovenia |
22,800 | 91% | |
| Richest | Zahodna Slovenija | 27,300 | 109 % |
| Poorest | Vzhodna Slovenija | 18,900 | 76 % |
| Spain |
25,900 | 103% | |
| Richest | País Vasco | 34,500 | 138 % |
| Madrid Madrid (autonomous community) The Community of Madrid is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located at the center of the country, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Castilian Central Plateau . The community is also conterminous with the province of Madrid and contains the capital of Spain, which is also... |
33,500 | 134 % | |
| Navarre Navarre Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France... |
32,900 | 131 % | |
| Catalonia Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an... |
30,300 | 121 % | |
| Aragón Aragon Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza... |
28,300 | 113 % | |
| Islas Baleares | 27,900 | 111 % | |
| La Rioja La Rioja (Spain) La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province of northern Spain. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and Nájera.-History:... |
27,800 | 111 % | |
| Cantabria Cantabria Cantabria is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community , on the south by Castile and León , on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea.Cantabria... |
26,200 | 105 % | |
| Castilla y León | 25,200 | 100 % | |
| Ceuta Ceuta Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish... |
24,500 | 98 % | |
| Asturias Asturias The Principality of Asturias is an autonomous community of the Kingdom of Spain, coextensive with the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages... |
24,300 | 97 % | |
| Melilla Melilla Melilla is a autonomous city of Spain and an exclave on the north coast of Morocco. Melilla, along with the Spanish exclave Ceuta, is one of the two Spanish territories located in mainland Africa... |
23,300 | 93 % | |
| Comunidad Valenciana | 23,200 | 93 % | |
| Islas Canarias | 22,600 | 90 % | |
| Galicia | 22,300 | 89 % | |
| Murcia Region of Murcia The Region of Murcia is an autonomous community of Spain located in the southeast of the country, between Andalusia and Valencian Community, on the Mediterranean coast.... |
21,400 | 85 % | |
| Castilla-La Mancha | 20,000 | 80 % | |
| Andalucía | 19,900 | 80 % | |
| Poorest | Extremadura Extremadura Extremadura is an autonomous community of western Spain whose capital city is Mérida. Its component provinces are Cáceres and Badajoz. It is bordered by Portugal to the west... |
18,300 | 73 % |
| Sweden |
30,700 | 122% | |
| Richest | Stockholm Stockholm Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area... |
41,900 | 167 % |
| Övre Norrland | 29,500 | 118 % | |
| Västsverige Västsverige West Sweden is a National Area of Sweden. The National Areas are a part of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics of Sweden.-Geography:... |
29,400 | 117 % | |
| Mellersta Norrland | 28,400 | 113 % | |
| Småland med öarna | 27,700 | 110 % | |
| Sydsverige | 26,700 | 107 % | |
| Norra Mellansverige | 26,500 | 106 % | |
| Poorest | Östra Mellansverige | 26,500 | 106 % |
| United Kingdom |
28,700 | 115% | |
| Richest | Inner London Inner London Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. The area was first officially defined in 1965 and for purposes such as statistics, the definition has changed over time. The terms Inner London and Central... |
85,800 | 343 % |
| North Eastern Scotland | 39,300 | 157 % | |
| Berkshire Berkshire Berkshire is a historic county in the South of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and... , Buckinghamshire & Oxfordshire Oxfordshire Oxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire .... |
38,500 | 154 % | |
| Bedfordshire Bedfordshire Bedfordshire is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.... & Hertfordshire Hertfordshire Hertfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.The county is one of the Home Counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London , Buckinghamshire , Bedfordshire , Cambridgeshire and... |
31,500 | 126 % | |
| Gloucestershire Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.... , Wiltshire & Bristol Bristol Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007... |
31,200 | 125 % | |
| Cheshire Cheshire Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow... |
31,200 | 124 % | |
| Surrey Surrey Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of... , East East Sussex East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.-History:... & West Sussex West Sussex West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering onto East Sussex , Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming... |
29,200 | 117 % | |
| Eastern Scotland | 29,100 | 116 % | |
| Hampshire Hampshire Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force... & Isle of Wight Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–4 miles off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent... |
28,900 | 115 % | |
| Leicestershire Leicestershire Leicestershire is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire... , Rutland & Northamptonshire Northamptonshire Northamptonshire is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with the ceremonial counties of Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east,... |
28,400 | 113 % | |
| East Anglia East Anglia East Anglia is a traditional name for a region of eastern England, named after an ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom, the Kingdom of the East Angles. The Angles took their name from their homeland Angeln, in northern Germany. East Anglia initially consisted of Norfolk and Suffolk, but upon the marriage of... |
26,500 | 106 % | |
| East Wales East Wales East Wales is a term sometimes used to refer to the easternmost part of Wales. Like the other regions of Wales, it has no official status and definitions of its actual area vary.... |
27,100 | 108 % | |
| South Western Scotland | 26,000 | 104 % | |
| North Yorkshire North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of , making it the largest... |
25,900 | 103 % | |
| Greater Manchester Greater Manchester Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the... |
25,700 | 102 % | |
| West Yorkshire West Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.... |
25,600 | 102 % | |
| Herefordshire Herefordshire Herefordshire is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the... , Worcestershire & Warwickshire Warwickshire Warwickshire is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare... |
25,300 | 101 % | |
| Outer London Outer London Outer London is the name for the group of London Boroughs that form a ring around Inner London.These were areas that were not part of the County of London and became formally part of Greater London in 1965... |
25,300 | 101 % | |
| West Midlands West Midlands (county) The West Midlands is a metropolitan county in western central England with a 2009 estimated population of 2,638,700. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972, formed from parts of Staffordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire. The... |
25,100 | 100 % | |
| Derbyshire Derbyshire Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains. The county contains within its boundary of approx... & Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west... |
24,000 | 96 % | |
| Dorset Dorset Dorset , is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974... & Somerset Somerset The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the... |
24,000 | 96 % | |
| Essex Essex Essex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west... |
24,000 | 96 % | |
| Northumberland Northumberland Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region... and Tyne & Wear |
23,900 | 95 % | |
| Kent Kent Kent is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of... |
23,200 | 93 % | |
| Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west... |
22,800 | 91 % | |
| Lancashire Lancashire Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston... |
22,500 | 90 % | |
| Cumbria Cumbria Cumbria , is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle. It consists of six districts, and in... |
22,300 | 89 % | |
| East Riding East Riding of Yorkshire The East Riding of Yorkshire, or simply East Yorkshire, is a local government district with unitary authority status, and a ceremonial county of England. For ceremonial purposes the county also includes the city of Kingston upon Hull, which is a separate unitary authority... & Northern Lincolnshire North Lincolnshire North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. For ceremonial purposes it is part of Lincolnshire.... |
22,000 | 88 % | |
| Devon Devon Devon is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although the term is rarely used inside the county itself as the county has never been officially "shired", it often indicates a traditional or historical context.The county shares borders with... |
21,800 | 87 % | |
| Highlands & Islands Highlands and Islands The Highlands and Islands of Scotland are broadly the Scottish Highlands plus Orkney, Shetland and the Hebrides.The Highlands and Islands are sometimes defined as the area to which the Crofters' Act of 1886 applied... |
21,900 | 87 % | |
| Shropshire Shropshire Shropshire is a county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. It borders Wales to the west... & Staffordshire Staffordshire Staffordshire is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders... |
21,800 | 87 % | |
| South Yorkshire South Yorkshire South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield... |
21,500 | 86 % | |
| Lincolnshire Lincolnshire Lincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders... |
20,500 | 82 % | |
| Merseyside Merseyside Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool... |
20,300 | 81 % | |
| Tees Valley Tees Valley The Tees Valley is an area in the North East of England. It can be described as "greater Teesside" and consists of the four unitary authorities created by the breakup of the County of Cleveland in 1996: Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar & Cleveland, and Stockton-On-Tees along with the borough of... & Durham Durham Durham is a city in north east England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county... |
20,200 | 81 % | |
| Cornwall Cornwall Cornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of... & Isles of Scilly Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly form an archipelago off the southwestern tip of the Cornish peninsula of Great Britain. The islands have had a unitary authority council since 1890, and are separate from the Cornwall unitary authority, but some services are combined with Cornwall and the islands are still part... |
18,700 | 75 % | |
| Poorest | West Wales West Wales West Wales is the western area of Wales.Some definitions of West Wales include only Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, an area which historically comprised the Welsh principality of Deheubarth., an area called "South West Wales" in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics.... & The Valleys |
17,900 | 71 % |
Richest & Poorest NUTS-1 Regions (GDP PPP 2008)
| Member State | Region | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|
| in Euros | As % of EU-27 average | ||
| European Union |
25,100 | 100.0% | |
| Austria |
31,100 | 124% | |
| Richest | Ostösterreich | 32,400 | 129 % |
| Westösterreich | 32,200 | 128 % | |
| Poorest | Südösterreich | 26,700 | 106 % |
| Belgium |
28,800 | 115% | |
| Richest | Bruxelles-Cap., Brussels Hfdst. | 54,100 | 216 % |
| Vlaams Gewest | 28,800 | 115 % | |
| Poorest | Région Wallonne | 21,000 | 84 % |
| Kingdom of Bulgaria |
10,900 | 44% | |
| Richest | Yugozapadna i Yuzhna Tsentralna Bulgaria | 13,700 | 55 % |
| Poorest | Severna i Iztochna Bulgaria | 8,300 | 33 % |
| Cyprus |
24,400 | 97% | |
| Czech Republic |
20,200 | 80% | |
| Denmark |
30,800 | 123% | |
| Estonia |
17,000 | 68% | |
| Finland |
29,500 | 118% | |
| Richest | Åland | 36,300 | 145 % |
| Poorest | Manner-Suomi Mainland Finland Mainland Finland is a term used for instance in statistics to exclude the autonomous Åland Islands under Finnish sovereignty. Mainland Finland is not to be confused with Finland Proper, which is the province adjacent to Åland... |
29,500 | 118 % |
| Early Modern France |
26,700 | 107% | |
| Richest | Île-de-France Île-de-France (région) Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area.... |
42,000 | 168 % |
| Centre-est | 26,000 | 104 % | |
| Sud-ouest | 23,700 | 95 % | |
| Méditerranée | 23,600 | 94 % | |
| Ouest | 23,300 | 93 % | |
| Bassin parisien | 23,000 | 92 % | |
| Est | 22,800 | 91 % | |
| Nord-Pas-de-Calais | 21,700 | 87 % | |
| Poorest | Départements d'Outre-Mer | 16,400 | 65 % |
| Germany |
29,000 | 116% | |
| Richest | Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... |
47,100 | 188 % |
| Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... |
39,500 | 158 % | |
| Hessen | 34,800 | 139 % | |
| Bayern | 33,900 | 135 % | |
| Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants... |
32,400 | 129 % | |
| Nordrhein-Westfalen | 29,100 | 116 % | |
| Saarland Saarland Saarland is one of the sixteen states of Germany. The capital is Saarbrücken. It has an area of 2570 km² and 1,045,000 inhabitants. In both area and population, it is the smallest state in Germany other than the city-states... |
28,700 | 114 % | |
| Niedersachsen | 25,500 | 102 % | |
| Rheinland-Pfalz | 25,100 | 100 % | |
| Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig... |
24,900 | 99 % | |
| Berlin | 24,700 | 99 % | |
| Sachsen | 21,500 | 86 % | |
| Sachsen-Anhalt | 21,400 | 85 % | |
| Thüringen Thuringia The Free State of Thuringia is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country.It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states.... |
21,100 | 84 % | |
| Brandenburg Brandenburg Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam... |
20,500 | 82 % | |
| Poorest | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 20,400 | 81 % |
| Greece |
23,500 | 94% | |
| Richest | Attica Attica (administrative region) Attica is an administrative region in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. This region covers a greater area than the historical region of Attica.-Overview:Located in the south of the country, Attica covers about 3,808 square kilometers... |
28,200 | 113 % |
| Aegean Islands Aegean Islands The Aegean Islands are the group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south, those of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kasos to the southeast... , Crete Crete Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits... |
24,200 | 97 % | |
| Central Greece Kentriki Ellada Kentriki Ellada , meaning Central Greece, is a NUTS administrative division of Greece created for statistical purposes by the European Union. This first level NUTS division is not used by Greece for administrative reasons. Central Greece however is the name of both a geographical region and a... |
20,900 | 83 % | |
| Poorest | Northern Greece Voreia Ellada Voreia Ellada , meaning Northern Greece, is a first level NUTS administrative division of Greece created for statistical purposes by the European Union.... |
19,600 | 78 % |
| Hungary |
16,200 | 64% | |
| Richest | Közép Magyarország Central Hungary Central Hungary is one of the seven statistical regions in Hungary . It includes and .- Administration :... |
26,800 | 107 % |
| Dunántúl Transdanubia Transdanubia is a traditional region of Hungary.-Traditional interpretation:The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube river , the Drava and Mura rivers and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria .Transdanubia comprises the counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron,... |
13,800 | 55 % | |
| Poorest | Alföld és Észak | 10,300 | 41 % |
| 33,300 | 133% | ||
| Italy |
26,000 | 104% | |
| Richest | Nord Ovest Northwest Italy Northwest Italy is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics , a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency... |
31,500 | 126 % |
| Nord Est Northeast Italy Northeast Italy is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics , a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency... |
31,000 | 124 % | |
| Centro Central Italy Central Italy is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics , a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency... |
29,000 | 116 % | |
| Isole Insular Italy Insular Italy is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics , a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Insular Italy encompasses two of the country's 20 regions:... |
17,400 | 69 % | |
| Poorest | Sud | 17,200 | 69 % |
| Latvia |
14,100 | 56% | |
| Lithuania |
15,300 | 61% | |
| Luxembourg |
70,000 | 279% | |
| Malta |
19,500 | 78% | |
| Netherlands |
33,500 | 134% | |
| Richest | West-Nederland | 36,300 | 145 % |
| Noord-Nederland | 34,500 | 138 % | |
| Zuid-Nederland | 32,100 | 128 % | |
| Poorest | Oost-Nederland | 28,200 | 112 % |
| Poland |
14,100 | 56% | |
| Richest | Region Centralny | 19,200 | 77 % |
| Region Południowo-Zachodni | 14,300 | 57 % | |
| Region Południowy | 14,000 | 56 % | |
| Region Północno-Zachodni | 13,700 | 55 % | |
| Region Północny | 12,200 | 49 % | |
| Poorest | Region Wschodni | 10,100 | 40 % |
| Portugal |
19,500 | 78% | |
| Richest | Madeira Madeira Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union... |
25,800 | 103 % |
| Continente Continental Portugal Continental Portugal or Mainland Portugal is the designation of the mainland Portuguese territory, located on Europe's Iberian Peninsula.... |
19,400 | 77 % | |
| Poorest | Açores | 18,300 | 73 % |
| Kingdom of Romania |
11,700 | 47% | |
| Richest | Macroregiunea Trei | 17,300 | 69 % |
| Macroregiunea Unu Macroregiunea Unu Macroregiunea Unu is a statistical region of Romania.... |
10,800 | 43 % | |
| Macroregiunea Patru | 10,700 | 43 % | |
| Poorest | Macroregiunea Doi | 8,300 | 33 % |
| Slovakia |
18,100 | 72% | |
| Slovenia |
22,800 | 91% | |
| Spain |
25,900 | 103% | |
| Richest | Madrid Madrid (autonomous community) The Community of Madrid is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located at the center of the country, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Castilian Central Plateau . The community is also conterminous with the province of Madrid and contains the capital of Spain, which is also... |
33,500 | 134 % |
| Noreste | 31,900 | 127 % | |
| Este | 27,400 | 110 % | |
| Noroeste | 23,300 | 93 % | |
| Canarias | 22,600 | 90 % | |
| Centro | 22,000 | 88 % | |
| Poorest | Sur | 20,200 | 81 % |
| Sweden |
30,700 | 122% | |
| Richest | Östra Sverige | 35,000 | 140 % |
| Södra Sverige | 28,100 | 112 % | |
| Poorest | Norra Sverige | 27,800 | 111 % |
| United Kingdom |
28,700 | 115% | |
| Richest | London Greater London Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London... |
49,200 | 196 % |
| South East (England) South East England South East England is one of the nine official regions of England, designated in 1994 and adopted for statistical purposes in 1999. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex... |
30,400 | 121 % | |
| Scotland Scotland Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the... |
28,000 | 112 % | |
| East of England East of England The East of England is one of the nine official regions of England. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.Its... |
27,200 | 109 % | |
| South West (England) South West England South West England is one of the regions of England defined by the Government of the United Kingdom for statistical and other purposes. It is the largest such region in area, covering and comprising Bristol, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. ... |
26,100 | 104 % | |
| East Midlands (England) East Midlands The East Midlands is one of the regions of England, consisting of most of the eastern half of the traditional region of the Midlands. It encompasses the combined area of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and most of Lincolnshire... |
25,100 | 100 % | |
| West Midlands (England) West Midlands (region) The West Midlands is an official region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. It contains the second most populous British city, Birmingham, and the larger West Midlands conurbation, which includes the city of Wolverhampton and large towns of Dudley,... |
24,800 | 99 % | |
| North West (England) North West England North West England, informally known as The North West, is one of the nine official regions of England.North West England had a 2006 estimated population of 6,853,201 the third most populated region after London and the South East... |
24,200 | 97 % | |
| Yorkshire & the Humber Yorkshire and the Humber Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine regions of England and formally one of the government office regions. It covers most of the historic county of Yorkshire, along with the part of northern Lincolnshire that was, from 1974 to 1996, within the former shire county of Humberside. The... |
24,000 | 96 % | |
| Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west... |
22,800 | 91 % | |
| North East (England) North East England North East England is one of the nine official regions of England. It covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, and Teesside . The only cities in the region are Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland... |
22,200 | 89 % | |
| Poorest | Wales Wales Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²... |
21,200 | 85 % |
Source: Eurostat