Air France-KLM
Encyclopedia
Air France-KLM is a European airline
Airline
An airline provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines lease or own their aircraft with which to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for mutual benefit...

 holding company
Holding company
A holding company is a company or firm that owns other companies' outstanding stock. It usually refers to a company which does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies. Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow...

 incorporated under French law with its headquarters at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport in Tremblay-en-France
Tremblay-en-France
Tremblay-en-France is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.More than one-quarter of Charles de Gaulle Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Tremblay-en-France, in particular terminals 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D...

, Paris. The group has offices in Montreuil
Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis
Montreuil is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. It is the third most populous suburb of Paris...

, Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis
- Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :...

, Paris, and in Amstelveen
Amstelveen
' is a suburban municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is part of the metropolitan area of Amsterdam. The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the following villages and/or districts: Amstelveen, Bovenkerk, Westwijk, Bankras-Kostverloren, Groenelaan, Waardhuizen,...

, Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

.

Air France-KLM is the result of the merger in 2004 between Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

 and KLM.

In 2008, it was the largest airline company in the world in terms of total operating revenues, and also the largest in the world in terms of international passenger-kilometres. The company's CEO since 17 October 2011 is Jean-Cyril Spinetta
Jean-Cyril Spinetta
Jean-Cyril Spinetta is a French businessman currently Chairman of the airline Air France and the holding company Air France-KLM Group and of the nuclear company AREVA.-Early life and formation:...

.

Both Air France and KLM are members of the SkyTeam
SkyTeam
SkyTeam, branded as SKYTEAM, is an airline alliance with its centralised management team, SkyTeam Central, based at the World Trade Center Schiphol Airport on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands...

 airline alliance
Airline alliance
An airline alliance is an agreement between two or more airlines to cooperate on a substantial level. The three largest passenger alliances are the Star Alliance, SkyTeam and Oneworld. Alliances also form between cargo airlines, such as that of WOW Alliance, SkyTeam Cargo and ANA/UPS Alliance...

. They offer a frequent flyer program called Flying Blue
Flying Blue
Flying Blue is the loyalty program of Air France and KLM that offers rewards to passengers travelling on certain types of tickets. In June 2005, the frequent flyer programmes of Air France and KLM were combined to create the Flying Blue program after the two companies merged into a single parent...

. The company's namesake
Namesake
Namesake is a term used to characterize a person, place, thing, quality, action, state, or idea that has the same, or a similar, name to another....

 airlines rely on two major hubs
Airline hub
An airline hub is an airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination. It is part of a hub and spoke model, where travelers moving between airports not served by direct flights change planes en route to their destinations...

: Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

Air France-KLM Airlines transported 71.374 million passengers in 2010.

Financial details

In May 2010, Air France-KLM announced increased losses (€1.56 billion for the year to 31 March 2010), and warned that the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
The 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were volcanic events at Eyjafjöll in Iceland which, although relatively small for volcanic eruptions, caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010. Additional localised disruption...

 had caused a further €160 million loss in the current financial year.

Air France-KLM is one of the largest airline companies in Europe, with 204.7 billion passenger-km in the year ending 31 March 2011.

Private shareholders own 81.4% of the company with 37% held by former Air France shareholders and 21% held by former KLM shareholders. The Government of France
Government of France
The government of the French Republic is a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic"...

 owns the remaining 18.6%.

In June 2008, Air France-KLM agreed to pay $350 million to settle charges of cargo price fixing in an investigation conducted by the U.S. Justice Department. Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its head office and main hub located at Hong Kong International Airport, although the airline's registered office is on the 33rd floor of One Pacific Place...

, Martinair Holland, and SAS Cargo Group
SAS Cargo Group
SAS Cargo Group Is SAS Scandinavian Airlines's cargo subsidiary and manages the cargo capacities of Scandinavian Airlines, Spanair and Blue1....

 also agreed to fines bringing the total to $504 million. In November 2010, the European Commission fined Air France-KLM €310 million following another price-fixing investigation.

Wholly owned

Wholly owned subsidiaries
Subsidiary
A subsidiary company, subsidiary, or daughter company is a company that is completely or partly owned and wholly controlled by another company that owns more than half of the subsidiary's stock. The subsidiary can be a company, corporation, or limited liability company. In some cases it is a...

 of Air France-KLM include:
Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...


} Brit Air
Brit Air
Brit Air is a regional airline based on the grounds of Morlaix Airport at Ploujean, Morlaix, Brittany, France, operating scheduled services as an Air France franchise out of Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport, Paris-Orly Airport and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport.-History:The airline was established in...


} CityJet
Cityjet
CityJet Limited is an Irish regional airline headquartered in the Swords Business Campus in Swords, County Dublin, Ireland. It operates at London City Airport, and flies franchise services on behalf of its parent company Air France from Paris Charles de Gaulle airport. Since the take over of VLM...


} Régional
} transavia.com France
Transavia.com France
Transavia France S.A.S., also known as Transavia.com France or Transavia France and trading as transavia.com, is a French based low-cost airline operating as an independent part of the Air France-KLM group. Its main base is at Paris-Orly airport. Transavia.com chiefly operates scheduled and charter...

 (60%) KLM
} KLM cityhopper
KLM Cityhopper
KLM Cityhopper is the regional subsidiary of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines . The airline, with its head office, the Convair Building, on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Schiphol-Oost, Haarlemmermeer, operates short haul services in and around Europe...


} Martinair
Martinair
For the American cargo airline, see Martinaire.Martinair Holland N.V., operating as Martinair, is an airline headquartered in the TransPort Building on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands. It operates cargo services to over 50 destinations worldwide. Services...


} Transavia.com
Transavia.com
Transavia.com is a Dutch based low-cost airline operating as an independent part of the Air France-KLM group. Its main base is at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol while Rotterdam The Hague Airport , and Eindhoven Airport are its secondary hubs...


} transavia.com France
Transavia.com France
Transavia France S.A.S., also known as Transavia.com France or Transavia France and trading as transavia.com, is a French based low-cost airline operating as an independent part of the Air France-KLM group. Its main base is at Paris-Orly airport. Transavia.com chiefly operates scheduled and charter...

 (40%)

Air France Cargo is part of Air France.
Régional and Brit Air are regional airlines of Air France.
Together with CityJet they are subsidiaries of Air France within Air France-KLM.

KLM Cargo is part of KLM.
KLM cityhopper is the regional airline of KLM.
Together with Martinair and Transavia Airlines they are subsidiaries of KLM within Air France-KLM.

Air France-KLM also owns Cobalt Ground Solutions (ground handling) based in London Heathrow Airport
London Heathrow Airport
London Heathrow Airport or Heathrow , in the London Borough of Hillingdon, is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom and the third busiest airport in the world in terms of total passenger traffic, handling more international passengers than any other airport around the globe...


Minority interests

Airlines in which Air France-KLM owns a minority interest
Minority interest
Minority interest in business is an accounting concept that refers to the portion of a subsidiary corporation's stock that is not owned by the parent corporation...

:
Air Calédonie
Air Calédonie
Société Calédonienne de Transports Aériens, operating as Air Calédonie, is the domestic airline for New Caledonia, headquartered on the grounds of Magenta Airport in Nouméa. It operates scheduled passenger and cargo flights from Nouméa to 10 destinations in New Caledonia...

 2% Air Mauritius
Air Mauritius
Air Mauritius Limited, stylised as Air Mauritius, is the flag carrier of Mauritius. The airline is headquartered at the Air Mauritius Centre in Port Louis, Mauritius. Its main base is Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport...

 3% Air Tahiti
Air Tahiti
Société Air Tahiti Société Anonyme is a regional airline with its head office on the property of Faa'a International Airport, in Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia, near Papeete. Air Tahiti's network covers 46 islands within French Polynesia, plus the island of Rarotonga...

 7% Airlinair
Airlinair
Société Airlinair is an airline based in Rungis, France, operating scheduled regional flights , and aircraft lease services. The airline has set up bases at Paris-Orly Airport and Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport...

 19.5% Alitalia
Alitalia
Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. , in its later stages known as Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. in Extraordinary Administration, was the former Italian flag carrier...

 25%
} Alitalia CityLiner
} Alitalia Express
Alitalia Express
Alitalia Express S.p.A. was a regional airline based in Rome, Italy and a wholly owned subsidiary of Alitalia. It operated regional scheduled and charter services on behalf of Alitalia. Its main bases were Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport, Rome, and Malpensa International Airport, Milan...


} Air One Smart Carrier Air Corsica 12% Kenya Airways
Kenya Airways
Kenya Airways Ltd., more commonly known as Kenya Airways, is the flag carrier and largest airline of Kenya. The company was founded in 1977, after the dissolution of East African Airways. The carrier's head office is located in Embakasi, Nairobi, with its main base at Jomo Kenyatta International...

 26% Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier airline of Morocco, headquartered on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca...

 3%
} Atlas Blue
Atlas Blue
Atlas Blue was a low-cost airline with its head office on the grounds of Marrakech-Menara Airport in Marrakech, Morocco, operating out of Menara International Airport....

 High Speed Alliance 10%

Potential negotiations with Japan Airlines

Air France-KLM, along with its partner Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a major airline based in the United States and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The airline operates an extensive domestic and international network serving all continents except Antarctica. Delta and its subsidiaries operate over 4,000 flights every day...

, were in talks about investing with Japan Airlines
Japan Airlines
is an airline headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. It is the flag carrier of Japan and its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport , as well as Nagoya's Chūbu Centrair International Airport and Osaka's Kansai International Airport...

, which is part of the Oneworld
Oneworld
Oneworld , branded as oneworld, is one of the world's three largest global airline alliances with its central management team, oneworld Management Company, based in New York City, New York, USA. Oneworld was founded in 1999 by American Airlines, British Airways, Canadian Airlines, Cathay Pacific...

 alliance (rival to SkyTeam) but is experiencing financial problems. Air France-KLM, along with Delta and Delta's rival American Airlines
American Airlines
American Airlines, Inc. is the world's fourth-largest airline in passenger miles transported and operating revenues. American Airlines is a subsidiary of the AMR Corporation and is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas adjacent to its largest hub at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport...

 (AMR Corporation; part of Oneworld) discussed investments for a sum of $200–300 million to help the financially struggling carrier, which is Asia's largest airline by revenue. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

 had recommended Air France-KLM and/or Delta for being partners because of their "healthy" financial status compared to AMR Corporation. Delta was also recommended because of its extensive Asian network acquired through the acquisition of Northwest Airlines
Northwest Airlines
Northwest Airlines, Inc. was a major United States airline founded in 1926 and absorbed into Delta Air Lines by a merger approved on October 29, 2008, making Delta the largest airline in the world...

; Korean Air
Korean Air
Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. , operating as Korean Air, is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of South Korea, with global headquarters located in Seoul, South Korea. Korean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 130 cities in 45...

, also a SkyTeam member, was also in talks with JAL on the negotiations. Air France, Alitalia, China Airlines
China Airlines
China Airlines is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of Republic of China . Although not directly state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is owned by the China Aviation Development Foundation...

, China Southern Airlines
China Southern Airlines
China Southern Airlines is an airline headquartered in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. It is the world's sixth-largest airline measured by passengers carried, and Asia's largest airline in terms of both fleet size and passengers carried...

, Korean Air, and Vietnam Airlines
Vietnam Airlines
Vietnam Airlines Company Limited, trading as Vietnam Airlines , is the national flag carrier of Vietnam. Founded in 1956 under the name Vietnam Civil Aviation, the airline was established as a state enterprise in April 1989. Vietnam Airlines is headquartered in Long Bien, Hanoi, with hubs at Noi...

 are SkyTeam members that currently have codesharing with JAL.

On February 7, 2010 several news outlets reported that JAL will decide to keep its alliance with American Airlines and end talks with Delta. New JAL CEO Inamori and ETIC officials, according to the reports, decided that switching alliances (from Oneworld to SkyTeam) would be too risky and could hinder JAL's ability to turn around the airline quickly.

On February 9, 2010 JAL officially announced their decision to strengthen its partnership with American, which includes the joint application of antitrust immunity approval on transpacific routes. The airline will also fortify its relationship with other partners in the Oneworld alliance.

Fleet

The fleet of Air France-KLM includes the fleets of its subsidiaries, the fleet of Air France incl. Air France Cargo (258), and the fleet of KLM incl. KLM Cargo (113). Furthermore the fleets of Régional (50), Brit Air (39), KLM cityhopper (48), CityJet (36), Transavia.com incl. Transavia France (39) and Martinair Cargo (11) are fully part of the company. The total number of planes in the fleet is 594 as of November 2011, this is including a cargo fleet (Air France Cargo, KLM Cargo and Martinair Cargo) of 20.

Air France KLM Passenger & Cargo Fleet
Aircraft In fleet Orders Passengers Airline Notes
F C Y+ Y Total
Airbus A318
18
var.
var.
131
Air France
Airbus A319
44
var.
var.
138
Air France
Airbus A320
58
12
var.
var.
165
Air France
Airbus A321
24
3
var.
var.
200
Air France
Airbus A330-200
15
40
21
147
208
Air France
11
30
35
178
243
KLM
Airbus A330-300
4
30
40
224
294
KLM Deliveries: 2012-02, 2012-03, 2012-04, 2013-01
Airbus A340-300
15
30
21
224
275
Air France Being replaced by A350-900 from 2018 onwards
Airbus A350-900
25
TBA
Air France and KLM Replacement for AF A340-300 from 2018 onwards
Airbus A380-800
Airbus A380
The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by the European corporation Airbus, a subsidiary of EADS. It is the largest passenger airliner in the world. Due to its size, many airports had to modify and improve facilities to accommodate it...

6
6
9
9
80
80
38
389
449
516
538
Air France
Avro RJ85
22
var.
var.
95
CityJet
Boeing 737-700
18
var.
var.
129
KLM
10
149
149
Transavia.com
Boeing 737-800
23
4
var.
var.
171
KLM Deliveries: 2013-04, 2013-05, 2013-08, 2013-10
29
3
186
186
Transavia.com Deliveries: 2011
Boeing 737-900
5
var.
var.
189
KLM
Boeing 747-400
12
40
396
436
Air France 2 to be converted for cargo fleet
6
42
38
335
415
KLM
Boeing 747-400M
16
42
38
195
275
KLM
Boeing 777-200ER
27
4
49
35
24
24
170
250
247
309
Air France
15
35
34
249
318
KLM
Boeing 777-300ER
Boeing 777
The Boeing 777 is a long-range, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It is the world's largest twinjet and is commonly referred to as the "Triple Seven". The aircraft has seating for over 300 passengers and has a range from , depending on model...

34
12
8
67
14
28
36
197
422
300
472
Air France
5
3
35
40
350
425
KLM Deliveries: 2012-06, 2012-07, 2013-05
Boeing 787-9
25
TBA
Air France and KLM Replacement for KLM MD-11 from 2015 onwards
Bombardier CRJ100ER
13
50
50
Brit Air Being phased out
Bombardier CRJ700
15
70
70
Brit Air
Bombardier CRJ1000
11
4
100
100
Brit Air
Embraer 135
Embraer ERJ 145 family
The Embraer ERJ 145 family is a series of regional jets produced by Embraer, a Brazilian aerospace company. Family members include the ERJ 135 , ERJ 140 , and ERJ 145 , as well as the Legacy business jet and the R-99 family of military aircraft. The ERJ 145 is the largest of the group...

3
var.
var.
37
Régional Being phased out
Embraer 145
Embraer ERJ 145 family
The Embraer ERJ 145 family is a series of regional jets produced by Embraer, a Brazilian aerospace company. Family members include the ERJ 135 , ERJ 140 , and ERJ 145 , as well as the Legacy business jet and the R-99 family of military aircraft. The ERJ 145 is the largest of the group...

26
var.
var.
50
Régional
Embraer E-170
11
var.
var.
76
Régional
Embraer E-190
10
4
var.
var.
100
Régional
17
5
var.
var.
100
KLM Cityhopper Deliveries: 2012-03 (2), 2012-04 (2), 2012-05
Fokker 50
14
var.
var.
50
CityJet
Fokker 70
26
var.
var.
80
KLM Cityhopper
Fokker 100
5
var.
var.
100
KLM Cityhopper For standby & charter use
Being replaced by E-190 in 2012
McDonnell Douglas MD-11
McDonnell Douglas MD-11
The McDonnell Douglas MD-11 is a three-engine medium- to long-range widebody jet airliner, manufactured by McDonnell Douglas and, later, by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Based on the DC-10, it features a stretched fuselage, increased wingspan with winglets, refined airfoils on the wing and smaller...

10
24
34
227
285
KLM Being replaced by B787-9 from 2015 onwards
Cargo Fleet
Boeing 747-400BCF
4
N/A
Martinair Cargo 2 in use, 2 leased to Air Cargo Germany
Boeing 747-400ERF
3
N/A
Air France Cargo
4
N/A
KLM Cargo All leased to Martinair Cargo
Boeing 777F
2
N/A
Air France Cargo
McDonnell Douglas MD-11F
McDonnell Douglas MD-11
The McDonnell Douglas MD-11 is a three-engine medium- to long-range widebody jet airliner, manufactured by McDonnell Douglas and, later, by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Based on the DC-10, it features a stretched fuselage, increased wingspan with winglets, refined airfoils on the wing and smaller...

7
N/A
Martinair Cargo


History

Air France-KLM was created by the mutually agreed merger between Air France and Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

-based KLM on 5 May 2004.

As a result of the deal, the French government's share of Air France was reduced from 54.4% (of the former Air France) to 44% (of the combined airline). Its share was subsequently reduced to 25%, and later to 18.6%.

At the time of the merger in May 2004, Air France and KLM combined offered flights to 225 destinations in the world. In the year ending 21 March 2003, the two companies combined transported 66.3 million passengers.

In October 2005, Air France Cargo and KLM Cargo, the two freight subsidiaries of the group, announced a merge of their commercial activities. The Joint Cargo Management Team now operates the organisation worldwide from the Netherlands.

In a 2007 opening for a majority takeover of the loss-generating Alitalia, Air France-KLM was one of three bidders, and was favoured by the board
Board of directors
A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors...

 of Alitalia. However, on 2 April 2008, it was reported that negotiations have been abandoned. After the acquisition of Alitalia and Air One
Air One
Air One "Smart Carrier" is Alitalia's LCC subsidiary based in Milan Malpensa Airport and headquartered in Fiumicino, Italy. Before the merger with Alitalia, Air One was a competitor, the second largest airline in Italy, with a high-frequency scheduled network to 36 destinations in Italy, Europe and...

 by Compagnia Aerea Italiana on 12 December 2008, Air France-KLM has announced it is interested once again in purchasing a participation in the new merged company. On 12 January 2009, Air France-KLM announced that it will buy a 25% share in this company for €323 million.

February 2011: Air France-KLM with Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a major airline based in the United States and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The airline operates an extensive domestic and international network serving all continents except Antarctica. Delta and its subsidiaries operate over 4,000 flights every day...

 are working together to examine a bid for Virgin Atlantic. At the present Richard Branson
Richard Branson
Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is an English business magnate, best known for his Virgin Group of more than 400 companies....

 has 51 percent stake of Virgin Atlantic and the rest is held by Singapore Airlines
Singapore Airlines
Singapore Airlines Limited is the flag carrier airline of Singapore. Singapore Airlines operates a hub at Changi Airport and has a strong presence in the Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and "Kangaroo Route" markets...

.

Air France-KLM has categorized as one of World's 10 safest airlines announced by ATRA in August 2011.

Head office

Air France-KLM's head office is located in the Roissypôle complex on the grounds of Charles de Gaulle International Airport
Charles de Gaulle International Airport
Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport , also known as Roissy Airport , in the Paris area, is one of the world's principal aviation centres, as well as France's largest airport. It is named after Charles de Gaulle , leader of the Free French Forces and founder of the French Fifth Republic...

 and in Tremblay-en-France
Tremblay-en-France
Tremblay-en-France is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.More than one-quarter of Charles de Gaulle Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Tremblay-en-France, in particular terminals 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D...

, near Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

. The 130000 sqm complex was completed in December 1995. The French firm Groupement d'Etudes et de Méthodes d'Ordonnancement (GEMO) managed the project. The architect was Valode & Pistre
Valode & Pistre
Valode & Pistre is a French architecture firm operated by Denis Valode and Jean Pistre. It has its head office in the 7th arrondissement of Paris.-Projects:* T1 Tower* Tour Generali* Air France head office* Air France Cité PN...

 and the design consultants were and Sechaud-Boyssut and Trouvin. The project had a price of 137,000,000 euro
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

s.

External links

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