City of Burnside
Encyclopedia
The City of Burnside is a local government area with an estimated population of 44,300 people in the South Australia
n city of Adelaide
. Burnside was founded in August 1856 as the District Council of Burnside, and was classed as a city in 1943. It is named after the property of an early settler and stretches from the Adelaide Parklands into the Adelaide foothills
. It is bounded by Adelaide
, Adelaide Hills Council
, Campbelltown, Mitcham
, Norwood Payneham and St Peters
and Unley
. The city has an area of 27.53 km².
A primarily residential area, Burnside has little to no industrial activity and a small commercial sector. Over 2.57 km² of its area is dedicated to Parks and Reserves, the result being one of the greenest areas in Adelaide. As one of the eastern suburbs adjacent to and entering the foothills
, Burnside is also known as being relatively wealthy compared to the Adelaide average. It was one of the first areas outside of Adelaide to be settled, with the early villages of Magill
, Burnside
, Beaumont
and Glen Osmond
now inner suburbs. At the 2006 census, the City had a SEIFA
score of 1108 (96th percentile), which was the highest figure for any local government area in South Australia — individual CCD scores ranged from 909 in eastern Glenside
to 1194 in Stonyfell
.
tribe prior to European Settlement, with the natives living around the creeks of the River Torrens
during the summer months and living in the Adelaide Hills
during the wintertime. The area was first settled in 1839 by Peter Anderson, a Scots
migrant, who named it Burnside after his property's location adjacent to Second Creek (in Scots
, 'Burn' means creek or stream). The Village of Burnside
was established shortly thereafter and the Burnside Council District was gazetted in 1856, separating itself from the larger East Torrens Council. Beaumont House
, a historic structure, was constructed for the first bishop of Adelaide, Augustus Short
, during 1851. Wine
ries, mining
and olive
groves were the mainstay of an early Burnside economy; Glen Osmond
boasted substantial mineral deposits and world-class vineyards were established at Magill
. The present Council Chambers were built in 1927/8 in Tusmore
, with the council becoming a municipality
in 1935. With strong growth and development throughout the region, Burnside was then proclaimed a city
in 1943. The 1960s' brought to Burnside a community library
and a swimming centre, both were further expanded and upgraded between 1997 and 2001. Today Burnside is one of Adelaide's most sought-after regions in which to live, the Council is in the progress of implementing its Vision 2020 plan.
Burnside is in an area of 27.53 km² (2,753 hectares) and located to the south-east of the Adelaide CBD
's parklands, extending to the Cleland Conservation Park
in the Mount Lofty Ranges
. Two creeks of the River Torrens
run through a gradually sloping plain from the ranges, there is much variation in land use and topography.
Before European Settlement in South Australia much of the Adelaide Plains
was swamp
s and woodland
. In what was to become Burnside, plains leading out to Unley
hosted the large Black Forest
of Grey Box
woodland, to the north the floodplain
s of First and Second Creeks there was Blue Gum
and River Red Gum. Nearer to the foothills, in Mount Osmond
and Waterfall Gully
a more diverse range of plant species existed; Manna Gum
and Blue Gum were predominant however. With colonisation underway, much of the native foliage was cut down to be used for crops and grazing. Market Gardens
in the Adelaide Hills
lowered the amount of water flowing down the creeks and some of the Hills Face
was used for quarrying. Early crops grown included olive
groves, grapes for wine
waking, wheat
and barley
. Agriculture greatly declined and only vineyards survive today in Magill
and Waterfall Gully.
With new suburbs being gazetted in the 20th century, the Burnside Council undertook ambitious tree
-planting, beautification and conservation schemes to slow and then reverse a negative impact on the natural environment
. 190 hectares of the council area is held in reserves and parks and some 35,000 trees line the streets. A 'Second Generation Tree Planting Program' has been underway since 1993. Notable parks and reserves include Chambers Gully, Langman Reserve and Hazelwood Park
.
For State Government
Burnside is part of the Electoral Districts of Adelaide
, Bragg
, Morialta
, Hartley
, Heysen
, Norwood
and Unley
. Bragg takes in most of the city; it is the strongest Liberal Party
district in the Adelaide Metropolitan Area
and the third strongest in the state. Liberal strength is strongest in the wealthy hills
suburbs to the south-east around Beaumont
and weakest around Norwood
in the north where the Labor Party
dominates. Before their catastrophic collapse in recent years, the Democrats
polled impressive results in the western near-city suburbs. The Greens
gained much of the previous Democrats vote in recent elections. Bragg has been held by Vickie Chapman
, Shadow Attorney-General of the State Liberal Party, since 2002.
Burnside forms the southern part of the Federal
Division of Sturt
, which takes in much of Adelaide's eastern suburbs, stretching from Paradise
to Glen Osmond
. Up until the 2007 Federal Election, it was a safe Liberal seat for over thirty years. At the election, on a two-party preferred basis, the Liberal Party gained 50.94% of the vote and the Labor Party 49.06%, a difference of only 1,712 votes. The current member is Liberal Moderate Christopher Pyne
, the Shadow Education Minister, who has held the seat since 1993.
An inquiry was launched in 2009 by then state Local Government Minister Gail Gago
into allegations of "harassment, bullying and misconduct" by then members of the City Council. After about $200,000 of expenditure by the council and $1.3 million by the state government, legal action by former councilors prevented the release of the report. A Supreme Court ruling on 27 May 2011, found that the report could be partially released, after material related to parts of the terms of reference deemed inappropriate was redacted.
The population of the City of Burnside, at the time of the 2001 census, was 40,398. This was an increase of 1,308 from the 1996 census. 53.3% of the population is female
and 73.6% were born in Australia
. Burnside is characterised by what is called an 'urban mix' by demographers; it contains a diverse range of age, family and household types. There are 16,835 households in Burnside, 10,917 of these are self-described families
. 45% of families represent a couple with child
ren, 11.% represent a sole-parent family and 43.1% are couples without children (or whose children have left home). The large amount of couples without children (5.6% higher than the Adelaide
average) owes to the sizeable elderly population. Almost a quarter (23.7%) of the population is aged 60 or over, almost a third (29.9%) is 24 or younger; mature adult
s are the largest population group at 46.4%. This would indicate a structure primarily of mature families and retirees, young adults are hugely unrepresented (although this is not unique to Burnside, this phenomenon is common throughout the majority of the Adelaide region); the 18-24 age group suffered a loss of 330 people between 1996 and 2001.
26.3% of the population was born abroad, less than the Adelaide average. 9% of the population came from English
-speaking countries, while 14.3% did not. In decreasing order, the foreign-born population was from the United Kingdom
, Italy
, Malaysia, New Zealand
, Germany
, Greece
, Hong Kong
, India
, China
and South Africa
. These patterns are broadly in-line with that of Australia as a whole; they reflect traditional immigration from Commonwealth
countries such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, later waves of Mediterranean migrants and more recent arrivals from Asia
.
Religious
adherence in Burnside is higher than the Adelaide and Australian average, standing at 71.7%. Of this adherence, 67.6% represents traditional Christian
denominations. Common across Australia and many developed countries, there has been a substantial decline in religiosity; this is evident but less marked in Burnside; 17.7% of residents profess no religious belief (atheism
, agnosticism
, etc.). The ten strongest religions/denominations in decreasing order are: Catholic
, Anglican
, Uniting
, Orthodox
, Lutheran
, Baptist
, Buddhism
, Presbyterian
, Judaism
and Hinduism
. Catholicism is unique for its marked increase (575 persons) in believers between 1996 and 2001, most other religions' numbers remained stable or saw a slight decrease.
Burnside has no manufacturing industries and a small amount of agricultural plots still exist in the form of vineyard
s. It does however contain a sizeable amount of service industry; high-technology and commercial offices line the streets opposite the central business district
.
Burnside workers are employed in the Industries of Education
, Health
and Community Services (27%); Finance
, insurance and business
services (22.5%); wholesale and retail trade
(16%); recreation and personal services (11.2%) and manufacturing
(7.7%). In these industries they are employed as: Professional
s (35.5%); clerks, salespersons and service (26.2%); Associate Professionals (13.7%); Managers
and Administrators (12.4%) and trade
persons (4.8%). The relatively large share of workers employed in professional and high-end fields translates to high incomes; the highest-earning household income percentile is also the largest in Burnside at 16.3% (A$2000 or more per week). 12.7% of household
s earn $1500–1999 per week, 8% earn $800–900, 7.7% earn $1000–1999 and 7.5% earn $200–299. The sizeable share of low-earning households in an otherwise wealthy area is mostly due to university student
s living near the city centre; close near-city suburbs such as Dulwich
, Rose Park
and Toorak Gardens
have higher percentages of low-earners. The wealthiest suburbs are concentrated around the south-eastern foothills, centred on Beaumont
.
and the Magill campus of the Norwood Morialta High School
, in its boundaries. Glenunga High remains at capacity through student enrolment from overseas and outside the local area. Its beginnings can be traced back to 1898; it was first established as the South Australian School of Mines and Industries on North Terrace
, its original buildings there are now part of the University of Adelaide
campus. It changed name to Adelaide Technical High School in 1918. With the move to its current location at Glenunga
in 1963 the name was eventually changed to Glenunga High School a decade later. The school attained International Baccalaureate accreditation in 1990 and 'International' was added to its title. Marryatville High School
is also on the boundaries of Burnside and draws most of its students from Burnside. There are also Burnside Primary School and Linden Park Primary School, both years Rec-7 public schools.
held at Burnside Town Hall.
is based in the council area, and performs up to 4 concerts annually in the Burnside Ballroom at the Town Hall.
The Burnside War Memorial Hospital
is the only community hospital
in Burnside operating today. A local resident of Toorak Gardens
, Otto George Ludwig Van Rieben, offered his Attunga property for use as a community hospital free of charge in 1944. The Council had first suggested building a community hospital in August 1943 as part of its Post-War Reconstruction and Development Committee; it was to cost 100 000 pounds and to remain as a memorial to honour Burnside's war dead. In April 1949 the first conversion of Van Rieben's home was complete and the hospital was caring for 21 patients. The hospital closed for a month in 1956 and when it reopened was given its present name: The Burnside War Memorial Hospital. The hospital is not-for-profit and reinvests all surplus into upgrading facilities, equipment and services.
The Queen Victoria Hospital in Rose Park
operated until 1995 when it was amalgamated with the Women's and Children's Hospital
and the original building was sold and converted into apartments. It opened in 1902 with a grant of 2550 pounds and was originally known as 'The Queen's Home' as it opened on the birth date of Queen Victoria, 24 May 1902. It was renamed in 1939 to the 'Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital' and under the Hospital Benefits Act of 1946 became a public hospital
. Over 250 000 South Australians began their lives at the hospital.
Burnside is located at a transport crossroads for national freight movements. Freight traffic from Victoria
diverges down Glen Osmond
and Portrush Road
s upon entering the metropolitan area via the Adelaide-Crafers Highway
(Mount Barker Road) and the South Eastern Freeway
. Both roads carry an almost equal amount of freight traffic, Glen Osmond leads to the airport
and Outer Harbor
while the Portrush route connects to the northern industrial suburbs, the state's north, Western Australia
and the Northern Territory
. In addition, they act as major commuter arteries for the Adelaide Hills
and form the eastern part of Adelaide's outer bypass route. The Adelaide-Crafers highway was completed in 1999 and Portrush Road saw an extensive upgrade throughout 2003–2004.
Other major commuter roads include Kensington
, Magill
and Greenhill Road
s, which run east-west. Glynburn and Fullarton Road
s provide secondary north-south corridors, the former runs close to the foothills and alleviates congestion on Portrush while the latter forms part of Adelaide's inner bypass route. Maintenance of the extensive road network is a State Government
responsibility; the Federal Government
provides funding for nationally important AusLink
routes. Council provides recommendations to projects and participates in the upkeep of the curbs, frontage, footpaths and minor signage.
Burnside residents rely overwhelmingly on cars as a means to travel to work; 64.3% drive their own vehicle and 5.6% are a regular passenger in one. 5.8% use public transport, in the form of Adelaide Metro
buses, for their commute; 1.2% bicycle
and 2.3% walk. Non-vehicular travel is on the rise, with usage higher than the Adelaide average and an increase in persons doing so between 1996 and 2001. 38% of Burnside households own one vehicle, 26.8% own two and 12.3% own three vehicles or more. Burnside and suburbs east of the city were served by an excellent tramway system that was shut down in the 1950s.
With the advent of widespread automobile travel in the mid 20th century there was a tendency for motorists to use local roads in suburbs adjacent to the CBD
for their commute home. 'Rat trails' of cars sneaked through narrow side-streets, presenting traffic bottlenecks. This was a particular problem for some western Burnside suburbs because of their location. Various traffic control methods were put in place (closing streets, speed bumps, lowered speed limit
s, roundabout
s) to counter these problems; this forced the re-routing of traffic onto major thoroughfares.
and the Burnside Council.
Adelaide has three major energy companies, which provide gas and electricity to the population: ETSA Utilities, AGL
, EnergyAustralia
and Origin Energy
. Burnside derives its electricity via the Adelaide grid from a gas-fired plant at Torrens Island. Burnside's water supply is gained from the Adelaide area reservoirs: Mount Bold
, Happy Valley
, Myponga, Millbrook, Hope Valley, Little Para and South Para. Further water demands result in the pumping of water from the River Murray. The provider of water services is by the government-owned SA Water. In early times, Burnside's creeks contributed to Adelaide's water supply. With enlarged market garden
s upstream in the Adelaide Hills
the water level and quality dropped and this was no longer feasible.
Council maintenance services are located at the Council Depot on Glynburn Road in the suburb of Burnside
.
South Australia
South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland...
n city of Adelaide
Adelaide
Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million...
. Burnside was founded in August 1856 as the District Council of Burnside, and was classed as a city in 1943. It is named after the property of an early settler and stretches from the Adelaide Parklands into the Adelaide foothills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
. It is bounded by Adelaide
City of Adelaide
The City of Adelaide is a local government area in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia. It covers the original Adelaide city centre settlement, , North Adelaide, and the Adelaide Park Lands which surround North Adelaide and the city centre.Established in 1840, the organisation now...
, Adelaide Hills Council
Adelaide Hills Council
Adelaide Hills Council was established in 1997 by the amalgamation of four smaller district councils...
, Campbelltown, Mitcham
City of Mitcham
The City of Mitcham is a Local Government Area situated in the foothills of eastern Adelaide, South Australia. Within its bounds is Flinders University, South Australia's third largest....
, Norwood Payneham and St Peters
City of Norwood Payneham St Peters
The City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters is a metropolitan Local Government Area of South Australia. It covers the inner eastern suburbs of Adelaide.-Suburbs:- External links :**...
and Unley
City of Unley
The City of Unley, is a Local Government Area in the Adelaide metropolitan region. It is located directly south of the Adelaide city centre. The City of Unley was proclaimed in 1906.-Suburbs:-External links:***...
. The city has an area of 27.53 km².
A primarily residential area, Burnside has little to no industrial activity and a small commercial sector. Over 2.57 km² of its area is dedicated to Parks and Reserves, the result being one of the greenest areas in Adelaide. As one of the eastern suburbs adjacent to and entering the foothills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
, Burnside is also known as being relatively wealthy compared to the Adelaide average. It was one of the first areas outside of Adelaide to be settled, with the early villages of Magill
Magill, South Australia
Magill is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside and the City of Campbelltown.-History:Magill is a suburb located approximately 7 km from the Adelaide CBD in the eastern suburbs. Magill was first established as the Makgill Estate, owned by two Scots, Robert Cock and William Ferguson,...
, Burnside
Burnside, South Australia
Burnside is a small suburb that is part of the City of Burnside in the eastern suburbs of Adelaide. It is primarily a residential suburb, and was one of the first suburbs of Adelaide...
, Beaumont
Beaumont, South Australia
Beaumont is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. Founded as a purpose-built village by Sir Samuel Davenport in 1848, it initially struggled due to high land prices in the area. However, with Adelaide's inevitable expansion residents eventually settled...
and Glen Osmond
Glen Osmond, South Australia
Glen Osmond is a small suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills.-References:...
now inner suburbs. At the 2006 census, the City had a SEIFA
SEIFA
Socio-Economics Indexes for Areas is a product of the Australia's national statistical agency, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which measures and ranks areas according to socio-economic and positional disadvantage based on information derived from the five-yearly Census of Population and...
score of 1108 (96th percentile), which was the highest figure for any local government area in South Australia — individual CCD scores ranged from 909 in eastern Glenside
Glenside, South Australia
Glenside is a suburb in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia, around 2 kilometres south-east of the Central business district, home to 2,985 people in a total land area of 1.40 km²....
to 1194 in Stonyfell
Stonyfell, South Australia
Stonyfell is a prestigious suburb in the foothills of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. It has many parks with walking tracks, waterfalls and bike tracks. St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School is the only school in Stonyfell. The historic Stonyfell Winery is one of Australia's oldest. There is also a...
.
History
Burnside was inhabited by the Kaurna IndigenousIndigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. The Aboriginal Indigenous Australians migrated from the Indian continent around 75,000 to 100,000 years ago....
tribe prior to European Settlement, with the natives living around the creeks of the River Torrens
River Torrens
The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains and was one of the reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the Adelaide Hills near Mount Pleasant, across the Adelaide Plains, past the city centre and empties...
during the summer months and living in the Adelaide Hills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
during the wintertime. The area was first settled in 1839 by Peter Anderson, a Scots
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
migrant, who named it Burnside after his property's location adjacent to Second Creek (in Scots
Scottish Gaelic language
Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish, and thus descends ultimately from Primitive Irish....
, 'Burn' means creek or stream). The Village of Burnside
Burnside, South Australia
Burnside is a small suburb that is part of the City of Burnside in the eastern suburbs of Adelaide. It is primarily a residential suburb, and was one of the first suburbs of Adelaide...
was established shortly thereafter and the Burnside Council District was gazetted in 1856, separating itself from the larger East Torrens Council. Beaumont House
Beaumont House
Beaumont House, occasionally known as Claremont, is an eclectic Romanesque-Classical brick residence located at 631 Glynburn Road in Beaumont, South Australia...
, a historic structure, was constructed for the first bishop of Adelaide, Augustus Short
Augustus Short
Augustus Short , was the first Anglican bishop of Adelaide, South Australia.- Early life and career :Born at Bickham House, near Exeter, Devon, England, the third son of Charles Short, a London barrister, offspring of an old English county family, and his wife Grace, daughter of Humphrey Millett...
, during 1851. Wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
ries, mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
and olive
Olive
The olive , Olea europaea), is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin as well as northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea.Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the...
groves were the mainstay of an early Burnside economy; Glen Osmond
Glen Osmond, South Australia
Glen Osmond is a small suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills.-References:...
boasted substantial mineral deposits and world-class vineyards were established at Magill
Magill, South Australia
Magill is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside and the City of Campbelltown.-History:Magill is a suburb located approximately 7 km from the Adelaide CBD in the eastern suburbs. Magill was first established as the Makgill Estate, owned by two Scots, Robert Cock and William Ferguson,...
. The present Council Chambers were built in 1927/8 in Tusmore
Tusmore, South Australia
-History:In 1839, a pastoralist William Rogers, settled in the area and named his land Tusmore after his birthplace in Oxfordshire, England. In 1911 the area roughly corresponding to modern-day Tusmore, known as Section 291, was owned by the Colonial Board of Advice of the South Australian Company...
, with the council becoming a municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
in 1935. With strong growth and development throughout the region, Burnside was then proclaimed a city
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in 1943. The 1960s' brought to Burnside a community library
Library
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
and a swimming centre, both were further expanded and upgraded between 1997 and 2001. Today Burnside is one of Adelaide's most sought-after regions in which to live, the Council is in the progress of implementing its Vision 2020 plan.
Geography
City of Adelaide
The City of Adelaide is a local government area in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia. It covers the original Adelaide city centre settlement, , North Adelaide, and the Adelaide Park Lands which surround North Adelaide and the city centre.Established in 1840, the organisation now...
's parklands, extending to the Cleland Conservation Park
Cleland Conservation Park
Cleland Conservation Park is a conservation park in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. from Adelaide City centre. Cleland Conservation Park conserves a significant area of natural bushland on the Adelaide Hills face and includes the internationally popular Cleland Wildlife Park and the popular...
in the Mount Lofty Ranges
Mount Lofty Ranges
The Mount Lofty Ranges are the range of mountains just to the east of Adelaide in South Australia.-Location and description:The Mount Lofty Ranges stretch from the southernmost point of the Fleurieu Peninsula at Cape Jervis northwards for over before petering out north of Peterborough...
. Two creeks of the River Torrens
River Torrens
The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains and was one of the reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the Adelaide Hills near Mount Pleasant, across the Adelaide Plains, past the city centre and empties...
run through a gradually sloping plain from the ranges, there is much variation in land use and topography.
Before European Settlement in South Australia much of the Adelaide Plains
Adelaide Plains
The Adelaide Plains is the area in South Australia between the Mount Lofty Ranges on the east and Gulf St Vincent on the west. The plains are generally fertile with annual rainfall of about per year....
was swamp
Swamp
A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. A swamp generally has a large number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp...
s and woodland
Woodland
Ecologically, a woodland is a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade. Woodlands may support an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodland may form a transition to shrubland under drier conditions or during early stages of...
. In what was to become Burnside, plains leading out to Unley
City of Unley
The City of Unley, is a Local Government Area in the Adelaide metropolitan region. It is located directly south of the Adelaide city centre. The City of Unley was proclaimed in 1906.-Suburbs:-External links:***...
hosted the large Black Forest
Black Forest, South Australia
Black Forest is an inner southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Unley.-History:There have been three Post Offices named Black Forest; the first opened on 1 September 1899 and was renamed Glandore in 1915, the second opened on 10 November 1947 and was renamed...
of Grey Box
Eucalyptus microcarpa
Eucalyptus microcarpa, or Grey Box, is a species of Eucalyptus which is endemic to Australia.It is a spreading tree which has fibrous grey bark on the trunk and lower branches, but has smooth, grey-brown bark on its upper branches The flower buds have conical caps and the flowers themselves,...
woodland, to the north the floodplain
Floodplain
A floodplain, or flood plain, is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge...
s of First and Second Creeks there was Blue Gum
Blue Gum
Blue Gum usually refers to the subspecies or the species in Eucalyptus globulus complex, however it may also refer to a number of other species of Eucalyptus in Australia. Confusingly, in Queensland it usually refers to Eucalyptus tereticornis, which is known elsewhere as Forest Red Gum.* Gippsland...
and River Red Gum. Nearer to the foothills, in Mount Osmond
Mount Osmond, South Australia
Mount Osmond is a small suburb of 2,497 people in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is part of the City of Burnside Local Government Area and located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills, five kilometres south east of the city centre...
and Waterfall Gully
Waterfall Gully, South Australia
Waterfall Gully is an outer suburb of the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is located in the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges around east-south-east of Adelaide's central business district . For the most part, the suburb encompasses one long gully with First Creek at its centre and...
a more diverse range of plant species existed; Manna Gum
Manna Gum
Eucalyptus viminalis, Manna Gum, also known as White Gum, Ribbon Gum or Viminalis is an Australian eucalypt.It is a straight erect tree, often around 40 metres tall, with rough bark on the trunk and base of larger branches, its upper bark peels away in long "ribbons" which can collect on the...
and Blue Gum were predominant however. With colonisation underway, much of the native foliage was cut down to be used for crops and grazing. Market Gardens
Market gardening
A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is distinguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre ...
in the Adelaide Hills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
lowered the amount of water flowing down the creeks and some of the Hills Face
Hills Face Zone
The Hills Face Zone is a large planning zone in Adelaide, South Australia. It restricts development in the Adelaide Foothills and Mount Lofty Ranges and extends from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the South. First suggested by the Liberal Playford Government in 1962, legislation was...
was used for quarrying. Early crops grown included olive
Olive
The olive , Olea europaea), is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin as well as northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea.Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the...
groves, grapes for wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
waking, wheat
Wheat
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...
and barley
Barley
Barley is a major cereal grain, a member of the grass family. It serves as a major animal fodder, as a base malt for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods...
. Agriculture greatly declined and only vineyards survive today in Magill
Magill, South Australia
Magill is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside and the City of Campbelltown.-History:Magill is a suburb located approximately 7 km from the Adelaide CBD in the eastern suburbs. Magill was first established as the Makgill Estate, owned by two Scots, Robert Cock and William Ferguson,...
and Waterfall Gully.
With new suburbs being gazetted in the 20th century, the Burnside Council undertook ambitious tree
Tree
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
-planting, beautification and conservation schemes to slow and then reverse a negative impact on the natural environment
Natural environment
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species....
. 190 hectares of the council area is held in reserves and parks and some 35,000 trees line the streets. A 'Second Generation Tree Planting Program' has been underway since 1993. Notable parks and reserves include Chambers Gully, Langman Reserve and Hazelwood Park
Hazelwood Park, Adelaide
Hazelwood Park is a park in the suburb of Hazelwood Park, Adelaide.First creek continues its journey from the hills through the park, the water flowing from Waterfall Gully and into Tusmore. The park contains an assortment of play areas, picnic tables and barbecues. It is relatively large by...
.
Council
The Burnside city council is divided into the following wards:- Kensington Park (Beulah ParkBeulah Park, South AustraliaBeulah Park is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside.Beulah Park Post Office opened around 1949 and closed in 1975.-References:...
, Hazelwood ParkHazelwood Park, South AustraliaHazelwood Park is a suburb in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia with a census area population of 1,717 people. The suburb is about 5 kilometres east of the Central business district. Hazelwood Park, a suburban park inside the suburb, is the major attraction in the suburb. This...
, Kensington ParkKensington Park, South AustraliaKensington Park is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside in South Australia....
and LeabrookLeabrook, South AustraliaLeabrook is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside.It is a primarily residential suburb in eastern Adelaide, and was the site of Coopers Brewery, until its relocation to Regency Park, South Australia.-References:...
) - Kensington Gardens & Magill (AuldanaAuldana, South AustraliaAuldana is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside. It stands on the site of a once-famous vineyard "Auldana" established by Patrick Auld. Many of the streets are named for grape varieties.-References:...
, Kensington GardensKensington Gardens, South AustraliaKensington Gardens is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside.Formerly known as 'Pile's Paddock', after James Pile who was born in Yorkshire in 1800 and arrived in South Australia in 1849....
, MagillMagill, South AustraliaMagill is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside and the City of Campbelltown.-History:Magill is a suburb located approximately 7 km from the Adelaide CBD in the eastern suburbs. Magill was first established as the Makgill Estate, owned by two Scots, Robert Cock and William Ferguson,...
, Rosslyn ParkRosslyn Park, South Australia-Dr Penfold:Most of Rosslyn Park started life as paddocks belonging to Dr Christopher Rawson Penfold, of Penfolds Wine. Dr Penfold was an English emigrant who purchased of land in the area in 1844. Here he planted vines and established Penfolds as one of the leading winemakers in Australia...
and SkyeSkye, South AustraliaSkye is an eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Burnside.-Geography:The suburb is located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills. It is the easternmost suburb in the Burnside concil area.-Demographics:...
) - Burnside (BurnsideBurnside, South AustraliaBurnside is a small suburb that is part of the City of Burnside in the eastern suburbs of Adelaide. It is primarily a residential suburb, and was one of the first suburbs of Adelaide...
, ErindaleErindale, South AustraliaErindale is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. It is on the east side of Glynburn Road, where it borders Leabrook.-References:...
, StonyfellStonyfell, South AustraliaStonyfell is a prestigious suburb in the foothills of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. It has many parks with walking tracks, waterfalls and bike tracks. St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School is the only school in Stonyfell. The historic Stonyfell Winery is one of Australia's oldest. There is also a...
and Wattle ParkWattle Park, South AustraliaWattle Park is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside. It was named for the abundance of Golden Wattle, Acacia pycantha, which grew in the sandy creek bed that runs through the suburb. The creek is also host to a large number of ancient River Red Gums which give the area...
) - Beaumont (BeaumontBeaumont, South AustraliaBeaumont is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. Founded as a purpose-built village by Sir Samuel Davenport in 1848, it initially struggled due to high land prices in the area. However, with Adelaide's inevitable expansion residents eventually settled...
, Leawood GardensLeawood Gardens, South AustraliaLeawood Gardens is a small suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in both the City of Mitcham and the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills....
, Linden ParkLinden Park, South Australia-References:...
, Mount OsmondMount Osmond, South AustraliaMount Osmond is a small suburb of 2,497 people in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is part of the City of Burnside Local Government Area and located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills, five kilometres south east of the city centre...
, St GeorgesSt. Georges, South Australia-References:...
and Waterfall GullyWaterfall Gully, South AustraliaWaterfall Gully is an outer suburb of the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is located in the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges around east-south-east of Adelaide's central business district . For the most part, the suburb encompasses one long gully with First Creek at its centre and...
) - Eastwood & Glenunga (EastwoodEastwood, South AustraliaEastwood is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside.-Government:Eastwood is covered by the federal Division of Adelaide.At State Government level, Eastwood is a part of the electoral district of Unley.-References:...
, FrewvilleFrewville, South AustraliaFrewville is a small suburb located in the South Australian city of Adelaide. It is located three kilometres south-east of Adelaide's central business district ....
, Glen OsmondGlen Osmond, South AustraliaGlen Osmond is a small suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills.-References:...
, GlensideGlenside, South AustraliaGlenside is a suburb in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia, around 2 kilometres south-east of the Central business district, home to 2,985 people in a total land area of 1.40 km²....
and GlenungaGlenunga, South AustraliaGlenunga is a small suburb of 2,539 people in the South Australian city of Adelaide. It is located three kilometres east of the Adelaide central business district . The name Glenunga is taken from an Aboriginal language and was given to the area by the natives before European settlement...
) - Rose Park & Toorak Gardens (DulwichDulwich, South AustraliaDulwich is a suburb in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia with a census area population of 2,663 people. The suburb is adjacent to Adelaide's east parklands, and forms part of the western boundary of the City of Burnside. Dulwich is a mix of residential housing and commercial activity...
, Rose ParkRose Park, South AustraliaRose Park is a suburb with a population of 1,293 in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is located one kilometre east of Adelaide's central business district . Rose Park is a leafy, tree-lined and wealthy inner suburb containing a number of historical and contemporary attractions...
, Toorak GardensToorak Gardens, South AustraliaThe Toorak Gardens area was originally part of the then larger, and now adjacent, suburb of Rose Park. Between 1912 and 1917 it was named "Toorak", and subsequently "Toorak Gardens". It is an inner eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia located 2 km east of the Adelaide city centre...
and TusmoreTusmore, South Australia-History:In 1839, a pastoralist William Rogers, settled in the area and named his land Tusmore after his birthplace in Oxfordshire, England. In 1911 the area roughly corresponding to modern-day Tusmore, known as Section 291, was owned by the Colonial Board of Advice of the South Australian Company...
)
Library
Burnside library is the only public in the city of Burnside. It is adjacent to the Council offices and is part of the civic centre. The library is open seven days a week, from 9.30am-6pm on weekdays, except Thursday when it closes at 9pm, and on the weekend from 10am-4pm on Saturday and 2pm-5pm on Sunday.Politics
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| Party | % | |||||
| Liberal Party of Australia Liberal Party of Australia The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office... |
64.0% | |||||
| Australian Labor Party Australian Labor Party The Australian Labor Party is an Australian political party. It has been the governing party of the Commonwealth of Australia since the 2007 federal election. Julia Gillard is the party's federal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister of Australia... |
20.6% | |||||
| Australian Greens Greens South Australia Greens South Australia is a Green Party located in South Australia, a member of the federation of the Australian Greens party.The party has four members currently elected to parliament, Mark Parnell and Tammy Franks in the South Australian Legislative Council and Sarah Hanson-Young and Penny Wright... |
12.5% | |||||
| Family First Party Family First Party The Family First Party is a socially conservative minor political party in Australia. It has two members in the South Australian Legislative Council... |
2.9% | |||||
For State Government
Government of South Australia
The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then...
Burnside is part of the Electoral Districts of Adelaide
Electoral district of Adelaide
Adelaide is an electorate for the South Australian House of Assembly which includes Adelaide's central business district and suburbs in the inner north and inner north east...
, Bragg
Electoral district of Bragg
Bragg is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. The seat of Bragg is named after the eminent physicists Bragg – William Henry and his son, William Lawrence. The electorate is largely urban and encompasses a significant portion of the City of...
, Morialta
Electoral district of Morialta
Morialta is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. Morialta is derived from a Kaurna Aboriginal word "mariyatala", with "mari" meaning east and "yertala" meaning water...
, Hartley
Electoral district of Hartley
Hartley is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. It is named after John Hartley, a public servant responsible for creating much of South Australia's public education system...
, Heysen
Electoral district of Heysen
Heysen is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. It is named after Sir Hans Heysen, a prominent South Australian landscape artist. It is a 616 km² electoral district stretching from residential suburbs in the east and southeast of Adelaide...
, Norwood
Electoral district of Norwood
Norwood is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. It is named after its surrounding geographical area, Norwood, South Australia. Norwood is a 14.2 km² urban electorate in Adelaide's inner eastern suburbs...
and Unley
Electoral district of Unley
Unley is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. Named after the suburb of the same name, it is a 12.2 km² urban electorate in Adelaide's inner southern suburbs, taking in the suburbs of Eastwood, Frewville, Fullarton, Glenunga, Highgate, Hyde...
. Bragg takes in most of the city; it is the strongest Liberal Party
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...
district in the Adelaide Metropolitan Area
Adelaide
Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million...
and the third strongest in the state. Liberal strength is strongest in the wealthy hills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
suburbs to the south-east around Beaumont
Beaumont, South Australia
Beaumont is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. Founded as a purpose-built village by Sir Samuel Davenport in 1848, it initially struggled due to high land prices in the area. However, with Adelaide's inevitable expansion residents eventually settled...
and weakest around Norwood
Norwood, South Australia
Norwood is a suburb of Adelaide, about 4 km east of the Adelaide city centre. The suburb is in the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters, the oldest South Australian local government municipality, with a city population over 34,000.-History:...
in the north where the Labor Party
Australian Labor Party
The Australian Labor Party is an Australian political party. It has been the governing party of the Commonwealth of Australia since the 2007 federal election. Julia Gillard is the party's federal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister of Australia...
dominates. Before their catastrophic collapse in recent years, the Democrats
Australian Democrats
The Australian Democrats is an Australian political party espousing a socially liberal ideology. It was formed in 1977, by a merger of the Australia Party and the New LM, after principals of those minor parties secured the commitment of former Liberal minister Don Chipp, as a high profile leader...
polled impressive results in the western near-city suburbs. The Greens
Greens South Australia
Greens South Australia is a Green Party located in South Australia, a member of the federation of the Australian Greens party.The party has four members currently elected to parliament, Mark Parnell and Tammy Franks in the South Australian Legislative Council and Sarah Hanson-Young and Penny Wright...
gained much of the previous Democrats vote in recent elections. Bragg has been held by Vickie Chapman
Vickie Chapman
Vickie Ann Chapman is an Australian politician, representing the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Bragg for the Liberal Party since 2002. She was Deputy Leader of the South Australian Opposition from 30 March 2006 until 4 July 2009.-Early life:Chapman was born in Kangaroo Island...
, Shadow Attorney-General of the State Liberal Party, since 2002.
Burnside forms the southern part of the Federal
Government of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies, which became the six states...
Division of Sturt
Division of Sturt
The Division of Sturt is an Australian Electoral Division in South Australia.First proclaimed for the 1949 election, Sturt was named for Captain Charles Sturt, nineteenth century explorer and the first European to discover the Murray River...
, which takes in much of Adelaide's eastern suburbs, stretching from Paradise
Paradise, South Australia
Paradise is a northeastern suburb of Adelaide in South Australia. It is bounded on the north side by the River Torrens. Amongst its neighboring suburbs are Highbury, Dernancourt, Athelstone, Newton and Campbelltown....
to Glen Osmond
Glen Osmond, South Australia
Glen Osmond is a small suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills.-References:...
. Up until the 2007 Federal Election, it was a safe Liberal seat for over thirty years. At the election, on a two-party preferred basis, the Liberal Party gained 50.94% of the vote and the Labor Party 49.06%, a difference of only 1,712 votes. The current member is Liberal Moderate Christopher Pyne
Christopher Pyne
Christopher Maurice Pyne, MP , Australian politician, has been a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives since 13 March 1993, representing the Division of Sturt, South Australia.-Early years:...
, the Shadow Education Minister, who has held the seat since 1993.
An inquiry was launched in 2009 by then state Local Government Minister Gail Gago
Gail Gago
Gail Elizabeth Gago is an Australian politician, and an Australian Labor Party member of the South Australian Legislative Council since being elected in 2002...
into allegations of "harassment, bullying and misconduct" by then members of the City Council. After about $200,000 of expenditure by the council and $1.3 million by the state government, legal action by former councilors prevented the release of the report. A Supreme Court ruling on 27 May 2011, found that the report could be partially released, after material related to parts of the terms of reference deemed inappropriate was redacted.
Demographics
Female
Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces non-mobile ova .- Defining characteristics :The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon, is produced by the male...
and 73.6% were born in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. Burnside is characterised by what is called an 'urban mix' by demographers; it contains a diverse range of age, family and household types. There are 16,835 households in Burnside, 10,917 of these are self-described families
Family
In human context, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children...
. 45% of families represent a couple with child
Child
Biologically, a child is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. Some vernacular definitions of a child include the fetus, as being an unborn child. The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority...
ren, 11.% represent a sole-parent family and 43.1% are couples without children (or whose children have left home). The large amount of couples without children (5.6% higher than the Adelaide
Adelaide
Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million...
average) owes to the sizeable elderly population. Almost a quarter (23.7%) of the population is aged 60 or over, almost a third (29.9%) is 24 or younger; mature adult
Adult
An adult is a human being or living organism that is of relatively mature age, typically associated with sexual maturity and the attainment of reproductive age....
s are the largest population group at 46.4%. This would indicate a structure primarily of mature families and retirees, young adults are hugely unrepresented (although this is not unique to Burnside, this phenomenon is common throughout the majority of the Adelaide region); the 18-24 age group suffered a loss of 330 people between 1996 and 2001.
26.3% of the population was born abroad, less than the Adelaide average. 9% of the population came from English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
-speaking countries, while 14.3% did not. In decreasing order, the foreign-born population was from the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Malaysia, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
. These patterns are broadly in-line with that of Australia as a whole; they reflect traditional immigration from Commonwealth
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, normally referred to as the Commonwealth and formerly known as the British Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of fifty-four independent member states...
countries such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, later waves of Mediterranean migrants and more recent arrivals from Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
.
Religious
Religion
Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to...
adherence in Burnside is higher than the Adelaide and Australian average, standing at 71.7%. Of this adherence, 67.6% represents traditional Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
denominations. Common across Australia and many developed countries, there has been a substantial decline in religiosity; this is evident but less marked in Burnside; 17.7% of residents profess no religious belief (atheism
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...
, agnosticism
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....
, etc.). The ten strongest religions/denominations in decreasing order are: Catholic
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
, Anglican
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English...
, Uniting
Uniting Church in Australia
The Uniting Church in Australia was formed on 22 June 1977 when many congregations of the Methodist Church of Australasia, the Presbyterian Church of Australia and the Congregational Union of Australia came together under the Basis of Union....
, Orthodox
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
, Lutheran
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation...
, Baptist
Baptist
Baptists comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers , and that it must be done by immersion...
, Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
, Presbyterian
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism refers to a number of Christian churches adhering to the Calvinist theological tradition within Protestantism, which are organized according to a characteristic Presbyterian polity. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures,...
, Judaism
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
and Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
. Catholicism is unique for its marked increase (575 persons) in believers between 1996 and 2001, most other religions' numbers remained stable or saw a slight decrease.
Economy
Vineyard
A vineyard is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice...
s. It does however contain a sizeable amount of service industry; high-technology and commercial offices line the streets opposite the central business district
City of Adelaide
The City of Adelaide is a local government area in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia. It covers the original Adelaide city centre settlement, , North Adelaide, and the Adelaide Park Lands which surround North Adelaide and the city centre.Established in 1840, the organisation now...
.
Burnside workers are employed in the Industries of Education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
, Health
Health
Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain...
and Community Services (27%); Finance
Finance
"Finance" is often defined simply as the management of money or “funds” management Modern finance, however, is a family of business activity that includes the origination, marketing, and management of cash and money surrogates through a variety of capital accounts, instruments, and markets created...
, insurance and business
Business
A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit...
services (22.5%); wholesale and retail trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
(16%); recreation and personal services (11.2%) and manufacturing
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale...
(7.7%). In these industries they are employed as: Professional
Professional
A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialised set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, lawyers, clergymen, and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to estate agents, surveyors , environmental scientists,...
s (35.5%); clerks, salespersons and service (26.2%); Associate Professionals (13.7%); Managers
Management
Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively...
and Administrators (12.4%) and trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
persons (4.8%). The relatively large share of workers employed in professional and high-end fields translates to high incomes; the highest-earning household income percentile is also the largest in Burnside at 16.3% (A$2000 or more per week). 12.7% of household
Household
The household is "the basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and shelter are organized and carried out"; [the household] "may or may not be synonymous with family"....
s earn $1500–1999 per week, 8% earn $800–900, 7.7% earn $1000–1999 and 7.5% earn $200–299. The sizeable share of low-earning households in an otherwise wealthy area is mostly due to university student
Student
A student is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In some nations, the English term is reserved for those who attend university, while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a pupil in English...
s living near the city centre; close near-city suburbs such as Dulwich
Dulwich, South Australia
Dulwich is a suburb in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia with a census area population of 2,663 people. The suburb is adjacent to Adelaide's east parklands, and forms part of the western boundary of the City of Burnside. Dulwich is a mix of residential housing and commercial activity...
, Rose Park
Rose Park, South Australia
Rose Park is a suburb with a population of 1,293 in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is located one kilometre east of Adelaide's central business district . Rose Park is a leafy, tree-lined and wealthy inner suburb containing a number of historical and contemporary attractions...
and Toorak Gardens
Toorak Gardens, South Australia
The Toorak Gardens area was originally part of the then larger, and now adjacent, suburb of Rose Park. Between 1912 and 1917 it was named "Toorak", and subsequently "Toorak Gardens". It is an inner eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia located 2 km east of the Adelaide city centre...
have higher percentages of low-earners. The wealthiest suburbs are concentrated around the south-eastern foothills, centred on Beaumont
Beaumont, South Australia
Beaumont is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside. Founded as a purpose-built village by Sir Samuel Davenport in 1848, it initially struggled due to high land prices in the area. However, with Adelaide's inevitable expansion residents eventually settled...
.
Education
Burnside has two public high schools, Glenunga International High SchoolGlenunga International High School
Glenunga International High School is a publicly-funded school in Adelaide, South Australia. It is located approximately four km south-east of the Adelaide city centre in the suburb of Glenunga, between L'Estrange St and Conyngham St, adjoining the major thoroughfare Glen Osmond Road...
and the Magill campus of the Norwood Morialta High School
Norwood Morialta High School
The Norwood Morialta High School is a dual-campus, co-educational, public High School. The school’s two campuses are both located in the Eastern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia...
, in its boundaries. Glenunga High remains at capacity through student enrolment from overseas and outside the local area. Its beginnings can be traced back to 1898; it was first established as the South Australian School of Mines and Industries on North Terrace
North Terrace, Adelaide
North Terrace is one of the four terraces that bound the central business and residential district of the city of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It runs east-west, along the northern edge of the CBD.-North Side of North Terrace:...
, its original buildings there are now part of the University of Adelaide
University of Adelaide
The University of Adelaide is a public university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third oldest university in Australia...
campus. It changed name to Adelaide Technical High School in 1918. With the move to its current location at Glenunga
Glenunga, South Australia
Glenunga is a small suburb of 2,539 people in the South Australian city of Adelaide. It is located three kilometres east of the Adelaide central business district . The name Glenunga is taken from an Aboriginal language and was given to the area by the natives before European settlement...
in 1963 the name was eventually changed to Glenunga High School a decade later. The school attained International Baccalaureate accreditation in 1990 and 'International' was added to its title. Marryatville High School
Marryatville High School
Marryatville High School is a public state school in Adelaide, South Australia. It was founded in 1976 during the Don Dunstan era of South Australia and was formed out of the old Norwood Boys Technical High School. The school is situated on a large area of land in the eastern suburb of...
is also on the boundaries of Burnside and draws most of its students from Burnside. There are also Burnside Primary School and Linden Park Primary School, both years Rec-7 public schools.
Youth
There is an annual Battle of the BandsBattle of the Bands
Battle of Bands is a contest in which two or more bands compete for the title of "best band". The winner is determined by a panel of judges, the general response of the audience, or a combination. The winning band usually receives a prize in addition to bragging rights. Traditionally, battles of...
held at Burnside Town Hall.
Music
The Burnside Symphony OrchestraBurnside Symphony Orchestra
The Burnside Symphony Orchestra is a community orchestra based in the Burnside Council area in Adelaide, South Australia. While almost all the concerts presented are in the Burnside Ballroom at the Burnside Townhall, the orchestra often repeats performances outside the adelaide metropolitan area...
is based in the council area, and performs up to 4 concerts annually in the Burnside Ballroom at the Town Hall.
Health
Burnside War Memorial Hospital
The Burnside War Memorial Hospital is the only community hospital in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia.A local resident of Toorak Gardens, Otto George Ludwig von Rieben, offered his Attunga property for use as a community hospital free of charge in 1944...
is the only community hospital
Hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals often, but not always, provide for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays....
in Burnside operating today. A local resident of Toorak Gardens
Toorak Gardens, South Australia
The Toorak Gardens area was originally part of the then larger, and now adjacent, suburb of Rose Park. Between 1912 and 1917 it was named "Toorak", and subsequently "Toorak Gardens". It is an inner eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia located 2 km east of the Adelaide city centre...
, Otto George Ludwig Van Rieben, offered his Attunga property for use as a community hospital free of charge in 1944. The Council had first suggested building a community hospital in August 1943 as part of its Post-War Reconstruction and Development Committee; it was to cost 100 000 pounds and to remain as a memorial to honour Burnside's war dead. In April 1949 the first conversion of Van Rieben's home was complete and the hospital was caring for 21 patients. The hospital closed for a month in 1956 and when it reopened was given its present name: The Burnside War Memorial Hospital. The hospital is not-for-profit and reinvests all surplus into upgrading facilities, equipment and services.
The Queen Victoria Hospital in Rose Park
Rose Park, South Australia
Rose Park is a suburb with a population of 1,293 in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It is located one kilometre east of Adelaide's central business district . Rose Park is a leafy, tree-lined and wealthy inner suburb containing a number of historical and contemporary attractions...
operated until 1995 when it was amalgamated with the Women's and Children's Hospital
Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide
The Women's and Children's Hospital is located on King William Road in North Adelaide, Australia.It is one of the major hospitals in Adelaide and is a teaching hospital of the University of Adelaide, the University of South Australia and Flinders University....
and the original building was sold and converted into apartments. It opened in 1902 with a grant of 2550 pounds and was originally known as 'The Queen's Home' as it opened on the birth date of Queen Victoria, 24 May 1902. It was renamed in 1939 to the 'Queen Victoria Maternity Hospital' and under the Hospital Benefits Act of 1946 became a public hospital
Public hospital
A public hospital or government hospital is a hospital which is owned by a government and receives government funding. This type of hospital provides medical care free of charge, the cost of which is covered by the funding the hospital receives....
. Over 250 000 South Australians began their lives at the hospital.
Transport
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania on Boundary Islet to the north, west and south respectively....
diverges down Glen Osmond
Glen Osmond Road, Adelaide
Glen Osmond Road is a major state Highway 1 road in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. Connecting the Adelaide city centre with the Adelaide Hills via the Adelaide-Crafers Highway; Glen Osmond Road carries half of Adelaide's freight traffic and is the major hills commuter route...
and Portrush Road
Portrush Road, Adelaide
Portrush Road is a major part of National Route A17, a bypass route in Adelaide, the capital of South Australia.It runs north-south through the south-eastern and eastern suburbs of Adelaide, at the foot of the Adelaide Hills...
s upon entering the metropolitan area via the Adelaide-Crafers Highway
Adelaide-Crafers Highway
The Adelaide-Crafers Highway is a 10 kilometre controlled-access highway linking Adelaide city centre to Crafers in the Adelaide hills, and continuing from Crafers as the South Eastern Freeway. The highway is ten kilometres long, including 500 metre long twin-tube tunnels , the first of their kind...
(Mount Barker Road) and the South Eastern Freeway
South Eastern Freeway
The South Eastern Freeway is a 66 kilometre four-lane divided carriageway road in South Australia linking the Adelaide-Crafers Highway to the Princes Highway at the Swanport Bridge, a one kilometre long bridge over the River Murray, near Murray Bridge...
. Both roads carry an almost equal amount of freight traffic, Glen Osmond leads to the airport
Adelaide International Airport
Adelaide Airport is the principal airport in the South Australian capital of Adelaide and the fifth busiest airport in Australia, servicing 7,362,000 passengers in the year ending 30 June 2011. Located adjacent to West Beach, it is approximately west of the city-centre...
and Outer Harbor
Outer Harbor, South Australia
Outer Harbor is a north-western industrial suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, located at the northern tip of the Lefevre Peninsula; administratively, it lies in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield, 22 km from the Adelaide city centre. It is adjacent to Osborne, North Haven and Pelican Point...
while the Portrush route connects to the northern industrial suburbs, the state's north, Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
and the Northern Territory
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions...
. In addition, they act as major commuter arteries for the Adelaide Hills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
and form the eastern part of Adelaide's outer bypass route. The Adelaide-Crafers highway was completed in 1999 and Portrush Road saw an extensive upgrade throughout 2003–2004.
Other major commuter roads include Kensington
Kensington Road, Adelaide
Kensington Road is a main road in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It serves the eastern suburbs, primarily the northern side of the City of Burnside and the southern side of the City of Norwood, Payneham & St Peters. Its western end, on the edge of the city centre, is at the infamous...
, Magill
Magill Road, Adelaide
Magill Road is a major arterial road the South Australian capital of Adelaide.It runs east-west, covering many of the city's eastern suburbs....
and Greenhill Road
Greenhill Road, Adelaide
Greenhill Road is a major road in Adelaide, South Australia, that provides a vital transport artery for those living in the eastern and hills suburbs. In Adelaide's early days, trams used to run up and down the road...
s, which run east-west. Glynburn and Fullarton Road
Fullarton Road, Adelaide
Fullarton Road is a main road in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. It runs north-south in a straight line from the eastern edge of the CBD to the south-eastern suburbs of the city. Its northern beginning is at the intersection of Payneham and Magill Roads, the site of the former Maid...
s provide secondary north-south corridors, the former runs close to the foothills and alleviates congestion on Portrush while the latter forms part of Adelaide's inner bypass route. Maintenance of the extensive road network is a State Government
Government of South Australia
The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then...
responsibility; the Federal Government
Government of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies, which became the six states...
provides funding for nationally important AusLink
AusLink
AusLink was an Australian Government land transport funding program, established in June 2004 and administered by the Department of Transport and Regional Services. In 2009 it was replaced with the Nation Building Program under the Nation Building Program Act 2009...
routes. Council provides recommendations to projects and participates in the upkeep of the curbs, frontage, footpaths and minor signage.
Burnside residents rely overwhelmingly on cars as a means to travel to work; 64.3% drive their own vehicle and 5.6% are a regular passenger in one. 5.8% use public transport, in the form of Adelaide Metro
Adelaide Metro
Adelaide Metro is the public transport system of the South Australian capital of Adelaide and the brand name of the Public Transport Division of the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure. It is an intermodal system with services provided by bus, tram or commuter rail throughout the...
buses, for their commute; 1.2% bicycle
Bicycle
A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
and 2.3% walk. Non-vehicular travel is on the rise, with usage higher than the Adelaide average and an increase in persons doing so between 1996 and 2001. 38% of Burnside households own one vehicle, 26.8% own two and 12.3% own three vehicles or more. Burnside and suburbs east of the city were served by an excellent tramway system that was shut down in the 1950s.
City of Adelaide
The City of Adelaide is a local government area in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia. It covers the original Adelaide city centre settlement, , North Adelaide, and the Adelaide Park Lands which surround North Adelaide and the city centre.Established in 1840, the organisation now...
for their commute home. 'Rat trails' of cars sneaked through narrow side-streets, presenting traffic bottlenecks. This was a particular problem for some western Burnside suburbs because of their location. Various traffic control methods were put in place (closing streets, speed bumps, lowered speed limit
Speed limit
Road speed limits are used in most countries to regulate the speed of road vehicles. Speed limits may define maximum , minimum or no speed limit and are normally indicated using a traffic sign...
s, roundabout
Roundabout
A roundabout is the name for a road junction in which traffic moves in one direction around a central island. The word dates from the early 20th century. Roundabouts are common in many countries around the world...
s) to counter these problems; this forced the re-routing of traffic onto major thoroughfares.
Utilities
Burnside is connected to the Adelaide water, power and gas mains. Until recently, many of the foothills suburbs did not have access to sewage systems and used septic tanks. This had been rectified in the last decade in a partnership between SA WaterSA Water
SA Water was established by the proclamation of the South Australian Water Corporation Act 1994 on 1 July 1995. Its predecessor was known as Engineering and Water Supply Department . E&WS evolved from the Waterworks and Drainage Commission, which was established in 1856...
and the Burnside Council.
Adelaide has three major energy companies, which provide gas and electricity to the population: ETSA Utilities, AGL
Australian Gas Light Company
The Australian Gas Light Company was an Australian gas and electricity retailer. It was formed in Sydney in 1837, and supplied town gas for the first public lighting of a street lamp in Sydney in 1841 AGL was the second company to list on the Australian Stock Exchange. The company gradually...
, EnergyAustralia
EnergyAustralia
EnergyAustralia is a large Australian electricity and natural gas supplier and retailer. A subsidiary of TRUenergy, it primarily supplies the Sydney, Newcastle and Central Coast areas of New South Wales and has, since market deregulation, increased its focus on retail supply opportunities in...
and Origin Energy
Origin Energy
-History:Origin Energy was formed in February 2000, as a result of a demerger from the Australian conglomerate Boral Limited, in which the energy business was removed from the building and construction materials business to form the new company....
. Burnside derives its electricity via the Adelaide grid from a gas-fired plant at Torrens Island. Burnside's water supply is gained from the Adelaide area reservoirs: Mount Bold
Mount Bold Reservoir
-2007 fire:A bushfire ravaged the Mount Bold Valley area, which includes the properties between Kangarilla and Echunga, during the second week of January 2007. The fire destroyed two houses, gutted over ten sheds and killed livestock and horses. Two people were injured and fencing was damaged. The...
, Happy Valley
Happy Valley Reservoir
Constructed when the total population of Adelaide numbered 315,200 the Happy Valley Reservoir now supplies over a half a million people, from Adelaide's southern extent to the city-centre.-Construction:...
, Myponga, Millbrook, Hope Valley, Little Para and South Para. Further water demands result in the pumping of water from the River Murray. The provider of water services is by the government-owned SA Water. In early times, Burnside's creeks contributed to Adelaide's water supply. With enlarged market garden
Market garden
A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is distinguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre ...
s upstream in the Adelaide Hills
Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. It is unofficially centred on the largest town in the area, Mount Barker, which has a population of around 29,000 and is also one of Australia's fastest growing towns.- History :The...
the water level and quality dropped and this was no longer feasible.
Council maintenance services are located at the Council Depot on Glynburn Road in the suburb of Burnside
Burnside, South Australia
Burnside is a small suburb that is part of the City of Burnside in the eastern suburbs of Adelaide. It is primarily a residential suburb, and was one of the first suburbs of Adelaide...
.