List of papal conclaves
Encyclopedia
This is a list of papal elections since 1059. Since the promulgation of In Nomine Domini
(1059), which limited suffrage to the College of Cardinals
, there have been 112 papal elections or conclaves that have produced popes currently recognized by the Catholic Church as legitimate. Prior to 1059, there was no fixed process for papal succession
, and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointed
.
A papal conclave
is a papal election that follows a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi Perculum
(1274) and later papal bull
s; observance of the conclave varied between 1276 and 1294, but since 1294 all papal elections have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.
Although the cardinals
have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only six elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace
. Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina
(1088), Cluny
(1119), Velletri
(1181), Verona
(1185), Ferrara
(Oct. 1187), Pisa
(Dec. 1187), Perugia
(1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni
(1243), Naples
(1254, 1294), Viterbo
(1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, Aug.–Sept. 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo
(Jan. 1276), Carpentras
/Lyon
(1314–1316), Avignon
(1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz
(1417) and Venice
(1799-1800).
In Nomine Domini
In nomine Domini, named for its Latin incipit , is a papal bull of Pope Nicholas II and canon of the Council of Rome, promulgated on April 13, 1059, establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope, with the consent of cardinal-deacons and cardinal-priests In nomine Domini, named...
(1059), which limited suffrage to the College of Cardinals
College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church.A function of the college is to advise the pope about church matters when he summons them to an ordinary consistory. It also convenes on the death or abdication of a pope as a papal conclave to elect a successor...
, there have been 112 papal elections or conclaves that have produced popes currently recognized by the Catholic Church as legitimate. Prior to 1059, there was no fixed process for papal succession
Papal selection before 1059
There was no fixed process for papal selection before 1059. Popes, the bishops of Rome and the leaders of the Catholic Church, were often appointed by their predecessors or secular rulers...
, and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointed
Papal appointment
Papal appointment is the oldest method for the selection of the pope. Papal selection before 1059 was often characterized by appointment by secular European rulers or by their predecessors...
.
A papal conclave
Papal conclave
A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church...
is a papal election that follows a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi Perculum
Second Council of Lyon
The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, France, in 1274. Pope Gregory X presided over the council, called to act on a pledge by Byzantine emperor Michael VIII to reunite the Eastern church with the West...
(1274) and later papal bull
Papal bull
A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end in order to authenticate it....
s; observance of the conclave varied between 1276 and 1294, but since 1294 all papal elections have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.
Although the cardinals
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only six elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace
Apostolic Palace
The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, which is located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Sacred Palace, the Papal Palace and the Palace of the Vatican...
. Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina
Terracina
Terracina is a town and comune of the province of Latina - , Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by rail .-Ancient times:...
(1088), Cluny
Cluny
Cluny or Clungy is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France. It is 20 km northwest of Mâcon.The town grew up around the Benedictine Cluny Abbey, founded by Duke William I of Aquitaine in 910...
(1119), Velletri
Velletri
Velletri is an Italian town of 53,298 inhabitants. It is a comune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio - Italy. It is bounded by other communes of Rocca di Papa, Lariano, Cisterna di Latina, Artena, Aprilia, Nemi, Genzano di Roma, Lanuvio...
(1181), Verona
Verona
Verona ; German Bern, Dietrichsbern or Welschbern) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, with approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven chef-lieus of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third of North-Eastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona...
(1185), Ferrara
Ferrara
Ferrara is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north...
(Oct. 1187), Pisa
Pisa
Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa...
(Dec. 1187), Perugia
Perugia
Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the River Tiber, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city is located about north of Rome. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area....
(1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni
Anagni
Anagni is an ancient town and comune in Latium, central Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome. It is a historical center in Ciociaria.-Geography:...
(1243), Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
(1254, 1294), Viterbo
Viterbo
See also Viterbo, Texas and Viterbo UniversityViterbo is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It is approximately 80 driving / 80 walking kilometers north of GRA on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and...
(1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, Aug.–Sept. 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo
Arezzo
Arezzo is a city and comune in Central Italy, capital of the province of the same name, located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 km southeast of Florence, at an elevation of 296 m above sea level. In 2011 the population was about 100,000....
(Jan. 1276), Carpentras
Carpentras
Carpentras is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.It stands on the banks of the Auzon...
/Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
(1314–1316), Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
(1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz
Konstanz
Konstanz is a university city with approximately 80,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south-west corner of Germany, bordering Switzerland. The city houses the University of Konstanz.-Location:...
(1417) and Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
(1799-1800).
- Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as antipopeAntipopeAn antipope is a person who opposes a legitimately elected or sitting Pope and makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church. At times between the 3rd and mid-15th century, antipopes were typically those supported by a...
s are italicized.
1059–1100
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal election, 1061 Papal election, 1061 The papal election of 1061 was held on September 30, 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome, following the death of Pope Nicholas II. In accordance with Nicholas II's bull, In Nomine Domini, the cardinal bishops were the sole electors of the pope for the first time in the history of the Roman... |
Pope Alexander II Pope Alexander II Pope Alexander II , born Anselmo da Baggio, was Pope from 1061 to 1073.He was born in Milan. As bishop of Lucca he had been an energetic coadjutor with Hildebrand of Sovana in endeavouring to suppress simony, and to enforce the celibacy of the clergy... |
San Pietro in Vincoli San Pietro in Vincoli San Pietro in Vincoli is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, best known for being the home of Michelangelo's statue of Moses, part of the tomb of Pope Julius II.-History:... (Rome) |
|
| Papal election, 1073 Papal election, 1073 The papal election of 22 April 1073 took place after the death of pope Alexander II and chose pope Gregory VII as his successor.... |
Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII Pope St. Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Sovana , was Pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal... |
San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1086 Papal election, 1086 The papal election of 24 May 1086 took place after the death of pope Gregory VII and chose pope Victor III as his successor, after the see had been vacant for a year.... |
Pope Victor III Pope Victor III Pope Blessed Victor III , born Daufer , Latinised Dauferius, was the Pope as the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far less impressive in history than his time as Desiderius, the great Abbot of Monte Cassino.-Early life and abbacy:He was born in 1026 or 1027 of a non-regnant... |
S. Lucia in Sepitisolio (Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1088 Papal election, 1088 Papal election of March 12, 1088, convoked after the death of Pope Victor III, elected Cardinal Odon de Lagery who took the name of Urban II.... |
Pope Urban II Pope Urban II Pope Urban II , born Otho de Lagery , was Pope from 12 March 1088 until his death on July 29 1099... |
SS. Pietro e Cesareo (Terracina) | |
| Papal election, 1099 Papal election, 1099 The papal election of 13 August 1099 took place after the death of pope Urban II and chose pope Paschal II as his successor.... |
Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II , born Ranierius, was Pope from August 13, 1099, until his death. A monk of the Cluniac order, he was created cardinal priest of the Titulus S... |
Basilica di San Clemente Basilica di San Clemente The Basilica of Saint Clement is a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome, Italy. Archaeologically speaking, the structure is a three-tiered complex of buildings: the present basilica built just before the year 1100 during the height of the Middle Ages; beneath... (Rome) |
1100–1200
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal election, 1118 Papal election, 1118 The papal election of 24 January 1118 took place after the death of pope Paschal II and chose pope Gelasius II as his successor.... |
Pope Gelasius II Pope Gelasius II Pope Gelasius II , born Giovanni Caetani , was pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119.-Biography:He was born between 1060 and 1064 at Gaeta into the Pisan branch of the Caetani family.... |
Benedictine monastery on Palatine Hill Palatine Hill The Palatine Hill is the centermost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city... (Rome) |
|
| Papal election, 1119 Papal election, 1119 The papal election from January 29 to February 2, 1119 was, by an order of magnitude, the smallest papal election of the 12th century currently considered legitimate by the Roman Catholic Church.... |
Pope Callixtus II Pope Callixtus II Pope Calixtus II , born Guy de Vienne, the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy , was elected Pope on February 1, 1119, after the death of Pope Gelasius II . His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, which he was able to settle through the Concordat of Worms... |
Cluny Abbey Cluny Abbey Cluny Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was built in the Romanesque style, with three churches built in succession from the 10th to the early 12th centuries.... (France) |
|
| Papal election, 1124 Papal election, 1124 The papal election of 13–21 December 1124 took place after the death of pope Callistus II and chose pope Honorius II as his successor.... |
Pope Honorius II Pope Honorius II Pope Honorius II , born Lamberto Scannabecchi, was pope from December 21, 1124, to February 13, 1130. Although from a humble background, his obvious intellect and outstanding abilities saw him promoted through the ecclesiastical hierarchy... |
San Pancrazio San Pancrazio San Pancrazio is a basilica church in Rome, founded in the 6th century. It stands in via S. Pancrazio, westward beyond the Porta San Pancrazio that opens in a stretch of the Aurelian Wall on the Janiculum.... (Rome) |
|
| Papal election, 1130 Papal election, 1130 The papal election of February 14, 1130 was convoked after the death of Pope Honorius II and resulted in a double election. Part of the cardinals, led by Cardinal-Chancellor Aymeric de la Chatre, elected Gregorio Papareschi as Pope Innocent II, but the rest of them refused to recognize him and... |
Pope Innocent II Pope Innocent II Pope Innocent II , born Gregorio Papareschi, was pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III .-Early years:... |
SS. Andrea e Gregorio in clivo scauri (Rome) | |
| Antipope Anacletus II Antipope Anacletus II Anacletus II , born Pietro Pierleoni, was an Antipope who ruled from 1130 to his death, in a schism against the contested, hasty election of Pope Innocent II.... |
San Marco (Rome) | ||
| Papal election, 1143 Papal election, 1143 The papal election of 1143 followed the death of Pope Innocent II and resulted in the election of Pope Celestine II.-Election of Celestine II:Pope Innocent II died on 24 September 1143, at Rome... |
Pope Celestine II Pope Celestine II Pope Celestine II , born Guido di Castello, was pope from 1143 to 1144.-Early life:Guido di Castello, possibly the son of a local noble, Niccolo di Castello, was born either in Città di Castello, situated in Paterna Santa Felicita upon the Apennines, or at Macerata in the March of Ancona.Guido had... |
Lateran Basilica (Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1144 Papal election, 1144 The papal election of 1144 followed the death of Pope Celestine II and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius II.-Election Lucius II:Pope Celestine II died on 8 March 1144 at Rome, after pontificate of only five months. The election of his successor took place in the shadow of this municipal... |
Pope Lucius II Pope Lucius II Pope Lucius II , born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was pope from March 9, 1144, until his death Feb 15, 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome, and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy.-Early life:Gherardo Caccianemici... |
(Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1145 Papal election, 1145 The papal election of 1145 followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians.-Election of Eugene III:... |
Pope Eugene III Pope Eugene III Pope Blessed Eugene III , born Bernardo da Pisa, was Pope from 1145 to 1153. He was the first Cistercian to become Pope.-Early life:... |
San Cesareo in Palatio San Cesareo in Palatio San Cesareo in Palatio or San Caesareo de Appia is a titular church in Rome, near the beginning of the Appian Way. It is dedicated to Saint Caesarius of Africa, a 2nd century deacon and martyr.-Origins:... (Rome) |
|
| Papal election, 1153 Papal election, 1153 The papal election of 1153 followed the death of Pope Eugenius III and resulted in the election of Pope Anastasius IV.-Election of Anastasius IV:... |
Pope Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV , born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 1153 to 1154.-Early life:He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114... |
(Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1154 Papal election, 1154 The papal election of 1154 followed the death of Pope Anastasius IV and resulted in the election of Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to become pope.-Election of Adrian IV:Pope Anastasius IV died on December 3, 1154, at Rome, at a very advanced age... |
Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair... |
Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1159 Papal election, 1159 The Papal election of 4–7 September 1159 followed the death of Pope Adrian IV. It resulted in a double election. A majority of the cardinals elected Cardinal Rolando of Siena as Pope Alexander III, but a minority refused to recognize him and elected their own candidate Ottaviano de Monticelli, who... |
Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is noted in history for laying the foundation stone for the Notre Dame de Paris.-Church career:... |
Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) | |
| Antipope Victor IV | |||
| Papal election, 1181 Papal election, 1181 The papal election of 1181 followed the death of Pope Alexander III and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius III. This was the first papal election celebrated in accordance with the decree Licet de Vitenda, promulgated in the Third Lateran Council in 1179, which established that the pope is... |
Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo, was pope from 1 September 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven... |
(Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1185 Papal election, 1185 The papal election of November 25, 1185 was a papal election convoked after the death of Pope Lucius III. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Uberto Crivelli of Milan, who took the name of Urban III.-List of participants:... |
Pope Urban III Pope Urban III Pope Urban III , born Uberto Crivelli, was Pope from 1185 to 1187. He was made cardinal and archbishop of Milan by Pope Lucius III, whom he succeeded on November 25, 1185... |
(Verona) | |
| Papal election, October 1187 Papal election, October 1187 The papal election of October 21, 1187 was a papal election convoked after the death of Pope Urban III. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Alberto Sartori di Morra, who took the name of Gregory VIII.-List of participants:... |
Pope Gregory VIII Pope Gregory VIII Pope Gregory VIII , born Alberto di Morra, was Pope from October 25, 1187 until his death.-Early life:... |
(Ferrara) | |
| Papal election, December 1187 Papal election, December 1187 The papal election of December 19, 1187 was a papal election convoked after the death of Pope Gregory VIII. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Paolo Scolari, who took the name of Clement III.-List of participants:... |
Pope Clement III Pope Clement III Pope Clement III , born Paulino Scolari, was elected Pope on December 19, 1187 and reigned until his death.-Cardinal:... |
(Pisa) | |
| Papal election, 1191 Papal election, 1191 The papal election of 21 March 1191 took place after the death of pope Clement III and chose the 85-year-old pope Celestine III as his successor.... |
Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope... |
(Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1198 Papal election, 1198 The papal election of January 8, 1198 was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III. In this election for the first time the new pope was elected per scrutinium.-Death of Celestine III:Pope... |
Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni.... |
Septizodium (Rome) |
1200–1300
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal election, 1216 Papal election, 1216 Papal election of July 18, 1216 – papal election convoked after the death of Pope Innocent III in Perugia , elected Cardinal Cencio Camerario, who took the name of Honorius III.-List of participants:... |
Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III , previously known as Cencio Savelli, was Pope from 1216 to 1227.-Early work:He was born in Rome as son of Aimerico... |
Palazzo delle Canoniche Perugia Cathedral The Cathedral of San Lorenzo is the main religious edifice of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy.- History :From the establishment of the bishopric, a cathedral existed in Perugia in different locations, until, in 936-1060, a new edifice, corresponding to the transept of the present cathedral, was... (Perugia) |
|
| Papal election, 1227 Papal election, 1227 Papal election of March 19, 1227 – papal election convoked after the death of Pope Honorius III at Rome .The cardinals present at Rome assembled in Septizodium on the next day after the death of Honorius III and decided to elect the new Pope by compromissum, it means not by the whole Sacred College... |
Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was... |
Septizodium (Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1241 Papal election, 1241 The papal election from September 21 to October 25, 1241 elected Cardinal Goffredo da Castiglione as Pope Celestine IV. The election took place during the first of many protracted sede vacantes of the Middle Ages, and like many of them was characterized by disputes between popes and the Holy Roman... |
Pope Celestine IV Pope Celestine IV Pope Celestine IV , born Goffredo da Castiglione, was pope from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241.Born in Milan, Goffredo or Godfrey is often referred to as son of a sister of Pope Urban III , but this information is without foundation... |
Septizodium (Rome) | |
| Papal election, 1243 Papal election, 1243 The papal election of 15–25 June 1243 elected pope Innocent IV to succeed pope Celestine IV, after the Holy See had been vacant for 18 months.... |
Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV , born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.-Early life:... |
(Anagni) | |
| Papal election, 1254 Papal election, 1254 The papal election of 8–12 December 1254 took place after the death of pope Innocent IV and ended with the choice of pope Alexander IV, his successor.... |
Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX... |
(Naples) | |
| Papal election, 1261 Papal election, 1261 The papal election of May 26–29 August 1261 took place after the death of pope Alexander IV and chose pope Urban IV as his successor.... |
Pope Urban IV Pope Urban IV Pope Urban IV , born Jacques Pantaléon, was Pope, from 1261 to 1264. He was not a cardinal, and there have been several Popes since him who have not been Cardinals, including Urban V and Urban VI.-Biography:... |
Cathedral of San Lorenzo (Viterbo) | |
| Papal election, 1264–1265 Papal election, 1264–1265 The papal election of 12 October 1264 - 5 February 1265 was convened after the death of pope Urban IV and ended by electing his successor pope Clement IV. It is one of the few conclaves where a pope was elected in absentia.... |
Pope Clement IV Pope Clement IV Pope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France... |
Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) | |
| Papal election, 1268–1271 Papal election, 1268–1271 The papal election from November 1268 to September 1, 1271, following the death of Pope Clement IV, was the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church. This was due primarily to political infighting between the cardinals... |
Pope Gregory X Pope Gregory X Pope Blessed Gregory X , born Tebaldo Visconti, was Pope from 1271 to 1276. He was elected by the papal election, 1268–1271, the longest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.... |
Cathedral of San Lorenzo (Viterbo) Palazzo dei Papi Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo 330px|right|thumb|The Papal Palace of Viterbo - In the background the bell-tower of the CathedralPalazzo dei Papi is a palace in Viterbo, northern Latium, Italy. It is one of the most important monuments in the city, situated alongside the Duomo di Viterbo... (Viterbo) |
|
| Papal conclave, January 1276 Papal conclave, January 1276 Papal conclave, January 1276 , was the first papal election held under the rules of constitution Ubi periculum issued by Pope Gregory X in 1274, which established papal conclaves. According to Ubi periculum Cardinals were to be secluded in a closed area; they were not even accorded separate rooms... |
Pope Innocent V Pope Innocent V Pope Blessed Innocent V , born Pierre de Tarentaise, was Pope from January 21 to June 22, 1276.He was born around 1225 near Moûtiers in the Tarentaise region of the County of Savoy, then part of the Kingdom of Arles in the Holy Roman Empire, but now in southeastern France... |
Ss. Donato e Pietro Arezzo Cathedral Arezzo Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Arezzo in Tuscany, Italy... (Arezzo) |
|
| Papal conclave, July 1276 Papal conclave, July 1276 The papal conclave of 2–11 July 1276 was the second of three conclaves in 1276 and elected pope Adrian V to succeed pope Innocent V.... |
Pope Adrian V Pope Adrian V Pope Adrian V , born Ottobuono de' Fieschi, was pope in 1276.-Biography:Ottobuono belonged to a feudal family of Liguria, the Fieschi, Counts of Lavagna.... |
Basilica of St. John Lateran Basilica of St. John Lateran The Papal Archbasilica of St. John Lateran , commonly known as St. John Lateran's Archbasilica and St. John Lateran's Basilica, is the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope... |
|
| Papal election, September 1276 | Pope John XXI Pope John XXI Pope John XXI, , born Pedro Julião Pope John XXI, , born Pedro Julião Pope John XXI, , born Pedro Julião (Latin, Petrus Iulianus (c. 1215 – May 20, 1277), a Portuguese also called Pedro Hispano (Latin, Petrus Hispanus; English, Peter of Spain), was Pope from 1276 until his death about eight... |
Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) | |
| Papal election, 1277 Papal election, 1277 The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors... |
Pope Nicholas III Pope Nicholas III Pope Nicholas III , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Pope from November 25, 1277 to his death in 1280, was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St... |
Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) | |
| Papal election, 1280–1281 Papal election, 1280–1281 The papal election from September 22, 1280 to February 22, 1281 elected Simon de Brion, who took the name Pope Martin IV, as the successor to Pope Nicholas III.... |
Pope Martin IV Pope Martin IV Pope Martin IV, born Simon de Brion held the papacy from February 21, 1281 until his death.... |
Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) | |
| Papal election, 1285 Papal election, 1285 The Papal election 1285, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope Martin IV, elected Cardinal Giacomo Savelli, who took the name of Honorius IV. Because of the suspension of the Constitution Ubi periculum by Adrian V in 1276, this election was not a papal conclave.-Participants:Pope Martin IV... |
Pope Honorius IV Pope Honorius IV Pope Honorius IV , born Giacomo Savelli, was Pope for two years from 1285 to 1287. During his unremarkable pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV... |
Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) | |
| Papal election, 1287–1288 Papal election, 1287–1288 The papal election from April 4, 1287 to February 22, 1288 was the deadliest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, with six of the sixteen cardinal electors perishing during the deliberations. Eventually, the cardinals elected Girolamo Masci, O.Min... |
Pope Nicholas IV Pope Nicholas IV Pope Nicholas IV , born Girolamo Masci, was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. A Franciscan friar, he had been legate to the Greeks under Pope Gregory X in 1272, succeeded Bonaventure as Minister General of his religious order in 1274, was made Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede and... |
Corte Savella, near Santa Sabina Santa Sabina The Basilica of Saint Sabina at the Aventine is a titular minor basilica and mother church of the Roman Catholic Dominican order in Rome, Italy. Santa Sabina lies high on the Aventine Hill, beside the Tiber, close to the headquarters of theKnights of Malta.... (Rome) |
|
| Papal election, 1292–1294 Papal election, 1292–1294 The papal election from April 5, 1292 to July 5, 1294 was the last papal election which did not take the form of a papal conclave... |
Pope Celestine V Pope Celestine V Pope Saint Celestine V, born Pietro Angelerio , also known as Pietro da Morrone was elected pope in the year 1294, by the papal election of 1292–1294, the last non-conclave in the history of the Roman Catholic Church... |
Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore The Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major , known also by other names, is the largest Roman Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy.There are other churches in Rome dedicated to Mary, such as Santa Maria in Trastevere, Santa Maria in Aracoeli, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, but the greater size of the... (Rome) Santa Maria sopra Minerva Santa Maria sopra Minerva The Basilica of Saint Mary Above Minerva is a titular minor basilica and one of the most important churches of the Roman Catholic Dominican order in Rome, Italy. The church, located in the Piazza della Minerva in the Campus Martius region, is considered the only Gothic church in Rome. It houses... (Rome) Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1294 Papal conclave, 1294 The papal conclave of December 23–24, 1294 was convoked after the abdication of Pope Celestine V in Naples. It was the first papal conclave after Celestine V restored the constitution Ubi periculum of Pope Gregory X, suspended by Pope Adrian V in July 1276. From that time every papal election... |
Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface VIII , born Benedetto Gaetani, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303. Today, Boniface VIII is probably best remembered for his feuds with Dante, who placed him in the Eighth circle of Hell in his Divina Commedia, among the Simonists.- Biography :Gaetani was born in 1235 in... |
Castel Nuovo Castel Nuovo Castel Nuovo , often called Maschio Angioino, is a medieval castle in the city of Naples, southern Italy. It is the main symbol of the architecture of the city... (Naples) |
1300–1400
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal conclave, 1303 Papal conclave, 1303 -Proceedings:Charles I of Naples, who militarily controlled Rome, locked the cardinals into the Basilica of St. John Lateran the day after the funeral of Boniface VIII... |
Pope Benedict XI Pope Benedict XI Blessed Pope Benedict XI , born Nicola Boccasini, was Pope from 1303 to 1304.Born in Treviso, he succeeded Pope Boniface VIII , but was unable to carry out his policies... |
Basilica of St. John Lateran Basilica of St. John Lateran The Papal Archbasilica of St. John Lateran , commonly known as St. John Lateran's Archbasilica and St. John Lateran's Basilica, is the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope... (Rome) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1304–1305 Papal conclave, 1304–1305 The papal conclave from July 10 , 1304 to June 5, 1305, held in Perugia, was the protracted papal conclave that elected non-cardinal Raymond Bertrand de Got as Pope Clement V and immediately preceded the beginning of the Avignon Papacy.... |
Pope Clement V Pope Clement V Pope Clement V, born Raymond Bertrand de Got was Pope from 1305 to his death... |
Palazzo delle Canoniche Perugia Cathedral The Cathedral of San Lorenzo is the main religious edifice of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy.- History :From the establishment of the bishopric, a cathedral existed in Perugia in different locations, until, in 936-1060, a new edifice, corresponding to the transept of the present cathedral, was... (Perugia) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1314–1316 Papal conclave, 1314–1316 The papal conclave from May 1, 1314 to August 7, 1316, held in the apostolic palace of Carpentras and then the Dominican house in Lyon, was one of the longest conclaves in the history of the Roman Catholic Church and the first conclave of the Avignon Papacy... |
Pope John XXII Pope John XXII Pope John XXII , born Jacques Duèze , was pope from 1316 to 1334. He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy , elected by a conclave in Lyon assembled by Philip V of France... |
Apostolic palace in Carpentras Dominican house in Lyon Lyon Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais.... |
|
| Papal conclave, 1334 Papal conclave, 1334 The papal conclave, 1334 elected Jacopo del Forno as Pope Benedict XII to succeed Pope John XXII.-Balloting:An early favorite among the papabile was John de Comminges, whom enough cardinals agreed to support, on the condition that he did not return the papacy to Rome, an offer the cardinal... |
Pope Benedict XII Pope Benedict XII Pope Benedict XII , born Jacques Fournier, the third of the Avignon Popes, was Pope from 1334 to 1342.-Early life:... |
Palais des Papes Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes is a historical palace in Avignon, southern France, one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe.... (Avignon) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1342 Papal conclave, 1342 Papal conclave of May 5 to May 7, 1342 – the papal conclave convened after the death of Pope Benedict XII, it elected Cardinal Pierre Roger, who under the name of Clement VI became the fourth Pope of the period of Avignon Papacy.-Cardinal electors:... |
Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI , bornPierre Roger, the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was pope from May 1342 until his death in December of 1352... |
Palais des Papes (Avignon) | |
| Papal conclave, 1352 Papal conclave, 1352 Papal conclave 1352 convened after the death of Pope Clement VI, elected as his successor cardinal Etienne Aubert, who under the name Innocent VI became fifth Pope of the period of Avignon Papacy... |
Pope Innocent VI Pope Innocent VI Pope Innocent VI , born Étienne Aubert; his father was Adhemar Aubert seigneur de Montel-De-Gelas in Limousin province. His niece was Catherine Aubert, Dame de Boutheon, also the wife of Randon II baron de Joyeuse; she is La Fayette's ancestor... |
Palais des Papes (Avignon) | |
| Papal conclave, 1362 Papal conclave, 1362 The papal conclave, 1362 elected William Grimoard as Pope Urban V to succeed Pope Innocent VI in the Palais des Papes of Avignon, continuing the Avignon Papacy.-Balloting:... |
Pope Urban V Pope Urban V Pope Urban V , born Guillaume Grimoard, was Pope from 1362 to 1370.-Biography:Grimoard was a native of Grizac in Languedoc . He became a Benedictine and a doctor in Canon Law, teaching at Montpellier and Avignon... |
Palais des Papes (Avignon) | |
| Papal conclave, 1370 Papal conclave, 1370 Papal conclave 1370 held after the death of Pope Urban V, elected as his successor cardinal Pierre Roger de Beaufort, who under the name Gregory XI became seventh ant the last Pope of the period of Avignon Papacy.... |
Pope Gregory XI Pope Gregory XI Gregory XI was pope from 1370 until his death.-Biography:He was born Pierre Roger de Beaufort, in Maumont, in the modern commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336. He succeeded Pope Urban V in 1370, and was pope until 1378... |
Palais des Papes (Avignon) | |
| Papal conclave, 1378 Papal conclave, 1378 The papal conclave from April 7 to 9, 1378 was the papal conclave which was the immediate cause of the Western Schism in the Catholic Church. The conclave was one of the shortest in the history of the Catholic Church. The conclave was also the first held in the Vatican and in Old St... |
Pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI , born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389.-Biography:Born in Itri, he was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On March 21, 1364, he was consecrated Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples... |
Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) | |
| Avignon papal conclave, 1378 | Antipope Clement VII Antipope Clement VII Robert of Geneva was elected to the papacy as Pope Clement VII by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first Avignon antipope of the Western Schism.-Biography:... |
Fondi Fondi Fondi is a city and comune in the province of Latina, Lazio, central Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples. Before the construction of the highway between the latter cities in the late 1950s, Fondi had been an important settlement on the Roman Via Appia, which was the main connection from Rome to... |
|
| Papal conclave, 1389 Papal conclave, 1389 The papal conclave, 1389 was convened from October 25, 1389 to November 2, 1389 after the death of Pope Urban VI. The conclave is historically unique because all of the cardinal electors were the creation of a single pontiff—Urban VI—because none of the surviving cardinals created by... |
Pope Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX , born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389, until October 1, 1404... |
(Rome) | |
| Avignon papal conclave, 1394 | Antipope Benedict XIII Antipope Benedict XIII Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor , known as in Spanish, was an Aragonese nobleman, who is officially considered by the Catholic Church to be an antipope.... |
Palais des Papes (Avignon) |
1400–1500
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal conclave, 1404 Papal conclave, 1404 Papal conclave of October 10 to October 17, 1404 – the papal conclave of the time of the Great Western Schism, convened after the death of Pope Boniface IX, it elected Cardinal Cosimo Gentile Migliorati, who under the name of Innocent VII became the third pope of the Roman Obedience.-Cardinal... |
Pope Innocent VII Pope Innocent VII Pope Innocent VII , born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was briefly Pope at Rome, from 1404 to his death, during the Western Schism while there was a rival Pope, antipope Benedict XIII , at Avignon.Migliorati was born to a simple family of Sulmona in the Abruzzi... |
(Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1406 Papal conclave, 1406 Papal conclave of November 18 to November 30, 1406 – the papal conclave of the time of the Great Western Schism, convened after the death of Pope Innocent VII, it elected Cardinal Angelo Correr, who under the name of Gregory XII became the fourth pope of the Roman Obedience.-Cardinal electors:Pope... |
Pope Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on 30 November 1406.... |
(Rome) | |
| Council of Pisa Council of Pisa The Council of Pisa was an unrecognized ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in 1409 that attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing Benedict XIII and Gregory XII... (1409) |
Antipope Alexander V Antipope Alexander V Alexander V was antipope during the Western Schism . He reigned from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410 and is officially regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as an antipope.... |
(Pisa) | |
| Pisan papal conclave, 1410 | Antipope John XXIII Antipope John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa was Pope John XXIII during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope.-Biography:... |
San Petronio Basilica San Petronio Basilica The Basilica of San Petronio is the main church of Bologna, Emilia Romagna, northern Italy. It dominates the Piazza Maggiore. It is the fifth largest church in the world, stretching for 132 meters in length and 60 meters in width, while the vault reaches 45 meters inside and 51 meters in the facade... (Bologna) |
|
| Council of Constance Council of Constance The Council of Constance is the 15th ecumenical council recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418. The council ended the Three-Popes Controversy, by deposing or accepting the resignation of the remaining Papal claimants and electing Pope Martin V.The Council also condemned and... (1417) |
Pope Martin V Pope Martin V Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna, was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism .-Biography:... |
Konstanz Minster (Konstanz) | |
| Avignon papal conclave, 1423 | Antipope Clement VIII Antipope Clement VIII Clement VIII was one of the antipopes of the Avignon line, reigning from 10 June 1423 to 26 July 1429. He was born between 1369–1370, as Gil Sanchez Muñoz y Carbón, and died on 28 December 1446.... |
Peñíscola Peñíscola Peníscola or Peñíscola is a municipality in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast... |
|
| Papal conclave, 1431 Papal conclave, 1431 Papal conclave 1431 convened after the death of Pope Martin V, elected as his successor cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name Eugene IV. It was the first papal conclave held after the end of the Great Western Schism.-List of participants:Pope Martin V died on February 20, 1431... |
Pope Eugene IV Pope Eugene IV Pope Eugene IV , born Gabriele Condulmer, was pope from March 3, 1431, to his death.-Biography:He was born in Venice to a rich merchant family, a Correr on his mother's side. Condulmer entered the Order of Saint Augustine at the monastery of St. George in his native city... |
Santa Maria sopra Minerva Santa Maria sopra Minerva The Basilica of Saint Mary Above Minerva is a titular minor basilica and one of the most important churches of the Roman Catholic Dominican order in Rome, Italy. The church, located in the Piazza della Minerva in the Campus Martius region, is considered the only Gothic church in Rome. It houses... (Rome) |
|
| Council of Florence Council of Florence The Council of Florence was an Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It began in 1431 in Basel, Switzerland, and became known as the Council of Ferrara after its transfer to Ferrara was decreed by Pope Eugene IV, to convene in 1438... (1439) |
Antipope Felix V Antipope Felix V -External links:*... |
Basel Münster Basel Münster The Basel Münster is one of the main landmarks and tourist attractions of the Swiss city of Basel. It adds definition to the cityscape with its red sandstone architecture and coloured roof tiles, its two slim towers and the cross-shaped intersection of the main roof... |
|
| Papal conclave, 1447 Papal conclave, 1447 The papal conclave of March 4-6, 1447 elected Pope Nicholas V to succeed Pope Eugene IV in the Roman basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.-Balloting:... |
Pope Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V , born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from March 6, 1447 to his death in 1455.-Biography:He was born at Sarzana, Liguria, where his father was a physician... |
Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1455 Papal conclave, 1455 The papal conclave from April 4-8, 1455 elected Alfons Borja Pope Callixtus III following the death of Pope Nicholas V. The conclave was the first in the Apostolic Palace, the site of all but five papal conclave thereafter... |
Pope Callixtus III Pope Callixtus III Pope Callixtus III , né Alfons de Borja, was Pope from April 8, 1455 to his death in 1458.-Biography:... |
Apostolic Palace Apostolic Palace The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, which is located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Sacred Palace, the Papal Palace and the Palace of the Vatican... (Rome) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1458 Papal conclave, 1458 The Papal conclave of 1458 convened after the death of Pope Callixtus III, elected as his successor Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini, who took the name Pius II.-Death of Callixtus III:... |
Pope Pius II Pope Pius II Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini was Pope from August 19, 1458 until his death in 1464. Pius II was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but decayed family... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1464 Papal conclave, 1464 Papal conclave 1464 convened after the death of Pope Pius II, elected as his successor cardinal Pietro Barbo, who took the name Paul II.-List of participants:... |
Pope Paul II Pope Paul II Pope Paul II , born Pietro Barbo, was pope from 1464 until his death in 1471.- Early life :He was born in Venice, and was a nephew of Pope Eugene IV , through his mother. His adoption of the spiritual career, after having been trained as a merchant, was prompted by his uncle's election as pope... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) Capella Parva (voting) Capella Magna (cardinals' cells) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1471 Papal conclave, 1471 The papal conclave from August 6-9, 1471 elected Pope Sixtus IV following the death of Pope Paul II. With the exception of the conclaves of the Western Schism, this conclave was the first since 1305 to feature a working, two-thirds majority of Italians within the College of Cardinals, in no small... |
Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV , born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. His accomplishments as Pope included the establishment of the Sistine Chapel; the group of artists that he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age,... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1484 Papal conclave, 1484 The papal conclave from August 26–29, 1484 elected Pope Innocent VIII after the death of Pope Sixtus IV.-The election:At the death of Sixtus IV, the conclave of cardinals that met to elect his successor numbered thirty-two surviving cardinals, a greater number than at any time since the close of... |
Pope Innocent VIII Pope Innocent VIII Pope Innocent VIII , born Giovanni Battista Cybo , was Pope from 1484 until his death.-Early years:Giovanni Battista Cybo was born at Genoa of Greek extraction... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1492 Papal conclave, 1492 The papal conclave of 1492 convened after the death of Pope Innocent VIII , elected unanimously on the fourth ballot Cardinal Rodrigo Borja as Pope Alexander VI... |
Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI , born Roderic Llançol i Borja was Pope from 1492 until his death on 18 August 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his Italianized surname—Borgia—became a byword for the debased standards of the Papacy of that era, most notoriously the Banquet... |
Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. It is famous for its architecture and its decoration that was frescoed throughout by Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio... (Rome) |
1500–1600
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal conclave, September 1503 Papal conclave, September 1503 The papal conclave, September 1503 elected Pope Pius III to succeed Pope Alexander VI. Due to the Italian Wars, the College of Cardinals was surrounded by three potentially hostile armies, loyal to Louis XII of France, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Cesare Borgia .The participation of thirty-nine... |
Pope Pius III Pope Pius III Pope Pius III , born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503.-Career:... |
Apostolic Palace Apostolic Palace The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, which is located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Sacred Palace, the Papal Palace and the Palace of the Vatican... (Rome) |
|
| Papal conclave, October 1503 Papal conclave, October 1503 The papal conclave, October 1503 elected Giuliano della Rovere as Pope Julius II to succeed Pope Pius III. The conclave took place during the Italian Wars barely a month after the papal conclave, September 1503, and none of the electors had travelled far enough from Rome to miss the conclave... |
Pope Julius II Pope Julius II Pope Julius II , nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope" , born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1513 Papal conclave, 1513 The papal conclave in 1513 elected Giovanni de'Medici as Pope Leo X to succeed Pope Julius II.-Balloting:Twenty-five of the living thirty-two cardinals entered the conclave on March 3 or March 4... |
Pope Leo X Pope Leo X Pope Leo X , born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was the Pope from 1513 to his death in 1521. He was the last non-priest to be elected Pope. He is known for granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 Theses... |
Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. It is famous for its architecture and its decoration that was frescoed throughout by Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio... (Rome) |
|
| Papal conclave, 1521–1522 Papal conclave, 1521–1522 The papal conclave, 1521–1522 elected Pope Adrian VI to succeed Pope Leo X. The conclave was marked by the early candidacies of cardinal-nephew Giulio de'Medici and Alessandro Farnese , although the Colonna and other cardinals blocked their election.Adrian, the viceroy to Spain and a clear... |
Pope Adrian VI Pope Adrian VI Pope Adrian VI , born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, served as Pope from 9 January 1522 until his death some 18 months later... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1523 Papal conclave, 1523 The papal conclave, 1523 elected Giulio de' Medici as Pope Clement VII to succeed Pope Adrian VI. According to conclave historian Baumgartner, the conclave is the "last conclave of the Renaissance".-Background:... |
Pope Clement VII Pope Clement VII Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1534 Papal conclave, 1534 The Papal conclave of 1534 was convened after the death of Pope Clement VII, and elected as his successor cardinal Alessandro Farnese, who became Pope Paul III.-List of participants:Pope Clement VII died on September 25, 1534... |
Pope Paul III Pope Paul III Pope Paul III , born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation... |
Capella Parva (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1549–1550 Papal conclave, 1549–1550 The papal conclave from November 29, 1549 to February 7, 1550, which was convened after the death of Pope Paul III, and eventually elected Giovanni Del Monte to the papacy as Pope Julius III. It was the second-longest papal conclave of the 16th century, and the largest papal conclave in history in... |
Pope Julius III Pope Julius III Pope Julius III , born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from 7 February 1550 to 1555.... |
Cappella Paolina Cappella Paolina The Cappella Paolina is a chapel in the Vatican Palace, Rome. It is separated from the Sistine Chapel only by the Sala Regia.-Commissioning:... (Rome) |
|
| Papal conclave, April 1555 Papal conclave, April 1555 Papal conclave of April 1555 was a papal conclave convoked after the death of Pope Julius III. Elected as his successor Cardinal Marcello Cervini, who took the name of Marcellus II, being the last pope in the history who retained his baptismal name.-List of participants:Pope Julius III died on... |
Pope Marcellus II Pope Marcellus II Pope Marcellus II , born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi, was Pope from 9 April 1555 to 1 May 1555, succeeding Pope Julius III. Before his accession as Pope he had been Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. He is the most recent Pope to choose to retain his birth name as his regnal name... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, May 1555 Papal conclave, May 1555 The papal conclave of 15 to 23 May 1555 was convened on the death of pope Marcellus II and elected pope Paul IV as his successor.... |
Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, C.R. , né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from 23 May 1555 until his death.-Early life:Giovanni Pietro Carafa was born in Capriglia Irpina, near Avellino, into a prominent noble family of Naples... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1559 Papal conclave, 1559 The papal conclave of 5 September to 25 December 1559 was convened on the death of pope Paul IV and elected pope Pius IV as his successor. Due to interference from secular rulers and the cardinals' disregard for their supposed isolation from the outside world, it was the longest conclave of the... |
Pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV , born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565. He is notable for presiding over the culmination of the Council of Trent.-Biography:... |
Capella Paolina (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1565–1566 Papal conclave, 1565–1566 The papal conclave of 20 December 156 to 7 January 1566 was convened on the death of pope Pius IV and ended in the election of pope Pius V.... |
Pope Pius V Pope Pius V Pope Saint Pius V , born Antonio Ghislieri , was Pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the Council of Trent, the Counter-Reformation, and the standardization of the Roman liturgy within the Latin Church... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1572 Papal conclave, 1572 The Papal conclave, May 12 – May 13, 1572 – papal conclave convoked after the death of Pius V, elected Cardinal Ugo Boncompagni, who under the name of Gregory XIII became the 226th pope of the Catholic Church.- List of participants :... |
Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII , born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally-accepted civil calendar to this date.-Youth:He was born the son of Cristoforo Boncompagni and wife Angela... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1585 Papal conclave, 1585 The Papal conclave, 21 – 24 April, 1585 – papal conclave convoked after the death of Gregory XIII, elected Cardinal Felice Peretti Montalto, who under the name of Sixtus V became the 227th pope of the Roman Catholic Church.... |
Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V , born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590.-Early life:The chronicler Andrija Zmajević states that Felice's family originated from modern-day Montenegro... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, September 1590 Papal conclave, September 1590 The papal conclave of September 1590 elected Giovanni Battista Castagna as Pope Urban VII.There were sixty-seven cardinals attending: seven were French, four Spanish, two Germans, two Poles, and the rest Italian.Cardinals attending:... |
Pope Urban VII Pope Urban VII Pope Urban VII , born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590. He was of Genoese origin, although born in Rome. He was created Cardinal-Priest of S. Marcello in 1584... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, Autumn 1590 Papal conclave, Autumn 1590 The papal conclave of 8 October to 5 December 1591 was the second conclave of 1590, held after the death from malaria of pope Urban VII on September 27, only 12 days after his election on 15 September, before he could be crowned, making him the shortest-reigning pope in history... |
Pope Gregory XIV Pope Gregory XIV Pope Gregory XIV , born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from 5 December 1590 until his death in 1591.- Early career :... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1591 Papal conclave, 1591 The papal conclave of 27 to 29 October 1591 was held after the death of pope Gregory XIV on 16 October that year, after less than a year as pope. This left the Holy See vacant for the third time in fourteen months. The conclave lasted only three days and elected pope Innocent IX.- External links :* *... |
Pope Innocent IX Pope Innocent IX Pope Innocent IX , born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from 29 October 1591 to his death on 30 December of the same year... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1592 Papal conclave, 1592 The Papal conclave of January 10 – January 30, 1592 was the papal conclave that elected Pope Clement VIII in succession to Pope Innocent IX.- Death of Innocent IX:... |
Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII , born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from 30 January 1592 to 3 March 1605.-Cardinal:... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) |
1600–1700
| Election | Elected Pope | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papal conclave, March 1605 Papal conclave, March 1605 The papal conclave of 14 March to 1 April 1605 was convened on the death of pope Clement VIII and ended in the election of pope Leo VIII.- External links :* * * *... |
Pope Leo XI Pope Leo XI Pope Leo XI , born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from 1 April 1605 to 27 April of the same year.-Biography:... |
Apostolic Palace Apostolic Palace The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, which is located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Sacred Palace, the Papal Palace and the Palace of the Vatican... (Rome) |
|
| Papal conclave, May 1605 Papal conclave, May 1605 The papal conclave of 8 to 16 May 1605 was convened on the death of pope Leo XI and ended in the election of pope Paul V.- External links :* * *... |
Pope Paul V Pope Paul V -Theology:Paul met with Galileo Galilei in 1616 after Cardinal Bellarmine had, on his orders, warned Galileo not to hold or defend the heliocentric ideas of Copernicus. Whether there was also an order not to teach those ideas in any way has been a matter for controversy... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1621 Papal conclave, 1621 Papal conclave 1621 – convoked after the death of Pope Paul V, elected Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi, who under the name of Gregory XV became 234th Pope of the Catholic Church. It was the shortest conclave in the seventeenth century.-List of participants:Pope Paul V died on January 28, 1621 in the... |
Pope Gregory XV Pope Gregory XV Pope Gregory XV , born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621, succeeding Paul V on 9 February 1621... |
Apostolic Palace (Rome) | |
| Papal conclave, 1939 Papal conclave, 1939 The Papal conclave of 1939 was convoked on the brink of World War II with the death of Pope Pius XI on 10 February that year in the Apostolic Palace. With all 62 living cardinals in attendance, the conclave to elect Pius' successor began on 1 March and ended a day later, on 2 March, after three... |
Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII The Venerable Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as Pope, head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958.... |
Sistine Chapel (Vatican City) | |
| Papal conclave, 1958 Papal conclave, 1958 The Papal conclave of 1958 occurred following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958 in Castel Gandolfo, after a 19-year pontificate. The conclave to elect his successor commenced on 25 October and ended three days later, on 28 October, after eleven ballots. The cardinal electors chose Angelo... |
Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII -Papal election:Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although archbishop... |
Sistine Chapel (Vatican City) | |
| Papal conclave, 1963 Papal conclave, 1963 The Papal conclave of 1963 was convoked following the death of Pope John XXIII on June 3 of that same year in the Apostolic Palace. After the cardinal electors assembled in Rome, the conclave to elect John's successor began on June 19 and ended two days later, on June 21, after six ballots. The... |
Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it... |
Sistine Chapel (Vatican City) | |
| Papal conclave, August 1978 | Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul I John Paul I , born Albino Luciani, , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent Year of Three Popes... |
Sistine Chapel (Vatican City) | |
| Papal conclave, October 1978 | Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ... |
Sistine Chapel (Vatican City) | |
| Papal conclave, 2005 Papal conclave, 2005 The Papal conclave of 2005 was convened as a result of the death of Pope John Paul II on 2 April 2005. After his death, the cardinals who were in Rome met and set a date for the beginning of the conclave to elect John Paul's successor. The conclave began on 18 April 2005 and ended on the following... |
Pope Benedict XVI Pope Benedict XVI Benedict XVI is the 265th and current Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the Sovereign of the Vatican City State and the leader of the Catholic Church as well as the other 22 sui iuris Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Holy See... |
Sistine Chapel (Vatican City) |
External links
- Papal elections and conclaves by century menu page – from Salvador Miranda's The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church site – includes lists of all known to have attended each conclave.