The papal election

Papal conclave

A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church...

of 1153 followed the death of Pope Eugenius III and resulted in the election of Pope Anastasius IV

Pope Anastasius IV

Pope Anastasius IV , born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 1153 to 1154.-Early life:He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114...

.

Election of Anastasius IV

Pope Eugenius III died on July 8, 1153, at Tivoli

Tivoli, Italy

Tivoli , the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km east-north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine hills...

. On July 12 the cardinals elected as his successor cardinal Corrado Demetri della Suburra, bishop of Sabina and dean of the College of Cardinals, who was 80 years old. He took the name Anastasius IV and was crowned

Papal Coronation

A papal coronation was the ceremony of the placing of the Papal Tiara on a newly elected pope. The first recorded papal coronation was that of Pope Celestine II in 1143. Soon after his coronation in 1963, Pope Paul VI abandoned the practice of wearing the tiara. His successors have chosen not to...

 on the same day, probably in Rome.

Cardinal-electors

There were 35 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in July 1153, but it seems that no more than 30 (perhaps even less) participated in the election:

Elector	Cardinalatial Title	Elevated	Elevator	Notes
Corrado Demetri della Suburra	Bishop of Sabina	1113/14	Paschalis II	Dean of the College of Cardinals Dean of the College of Cardinals The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College... ; Elected Pope Anastasius IV
Icmar Icmar of Tusculum Icmar was a French cardinal.He entered the Benedictine order of the Congregation of Cluny in the monastery of Saint-Martin des Champes in Paris; for a some time, he was a monk at Cluny. Later, he became abbot of the monastery S. Maria Nuova in the diocese of Poitiers. He was a friend of St... , O.S.B.Cluny	Bishop of Tusculum	13 March 1142	Innocent II
Guarino Foscari, Can.Reg.	Bishop of Palestrina	22 December 1144	Lucius II	Cardinal-nephew Cardinal-nephew A cardinal-nephew is a cardinal elevated by a Pope who is that cardinal's uncle, or, more generally, his relative. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages, and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries. The word nepotism originally referred specifically to...
Hugo Hugo of Ostia Hugo was a French Cistercian and Cardinal.He was born probably in the diocese of Beauvais and entered the order of Cistercians in Clairvaux. In 1147 he became abbot of Trois-Fontaines. Pope Eugenius III created him Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia in the consistory celebrated probably in December 1151... , O.Cist.	Bishop of Ostia e Velletri	21 December 1151	Eugenius III
Guido Florentinus	Priest of S. Crisogono	1139	Innocent II	Protopriest Protopriest Protopriest — in the College of Cardinals, is the first Cardinal-Priest in the order of precedence. This title is always attached to the most senior Cardinal Priest according to date of his creation. From the 17th century until the end of 19th century Protopriest usually opted for the titulus San...
Gregorio della Suburra	Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere	1 March 1140	Innocent II
Ubaldo Allucingoli Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo, was pope from 1 September 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven...	Priest of S. Prassede	16 December 1138	Innocent II	Future Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo, was pope from 1 September 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven...  (1181-1185)
Ottaviano de Monticelli Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Victor IV , born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli, was the cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia before he was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III...	Priest of S. Cecilia	25 February 1138	Innocent II	Future Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Victor IV , born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli, was the cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia before he was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III...
Manfredo	Priest of S. Sabina	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Ariberto	Priest of S. Anastasia	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Giovanni Paparoni Giovanni Paparoni Giovanni Paparoni was an Italian Cardinal and prominent papal legate in dealings with Ireland and Scotland.He was created Cardinal by Pope Celestine II in 1143. He presided at the Synod of Kells in 1152, which decided the system of four archbishops for Ireland...	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Astaldo degli Astalli	Priest of S. Prisca	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Giulio	Priest of S. Marcello	19 May 1144	Lucius II
Ubaldo Caccianemici Ubaldo Caccianemici Ubaldo Caccianemici was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Lucius II, his cousin who elevated him in May or June 1144.... , Can.Reg.	Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme	19 May 1144	Lucius II	Cardinal-nephew Cardinal-nephew A cardinal-nephew is a cardinal elevated by a Pope who is that cardinal's uncle, or, more generally, his relative. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages, and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries. The word nepotism originally referred specifically to...
Guido Puella	Priest of S. Pudenziana	22 December 1144	Lucius II
Jordan, O.Carth.	Priest of S. Susanna	22 December 1144	Lucius II
Rolando Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is noted in history for laying the foundation stone for the Notre Dame de Paris.-Church career:...	Priest of S. Marco and Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church	22 September 1150	Eugenius III	Future Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is noted in history for laying the foundation stone for the Notre Dame de Paris.-Church career:...  (1159-1181)
Gerard	Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio	2 March 1151	Eugenius III
Cencio de Gregorio	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina	2 March 1151	Eugenius III
Giovanni da Sutri	Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo	21 February 1152	Eugenius III
Errico Moricotti, O.Cist.	Priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo	21 February 1152	Eugenius III
Giovanni Mercone	Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino	23 May 1152	Eugenius III
Odone Bonecase	Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro	4 March 1132	Innocent II	Protodeacon Protodeacon Protodeacon derives from the Greek proto- meaning 'first' and diakonos, which is a standard ancient Greek word meaning "servant", "waiting-man," "minister" or "messenger." The word in English may refer to various clergymen, depending upon the usage of the particular church in question.-Eastern...
Rodolfo	Deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Giacinto Bobone Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope...	Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin	22 December 1144	Lucius II	Future Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope...  (1191-98)
Guido di Crema Antipope Paschal III Antipope Paschal III was Antipope from 1164 to 20 September 1168.His real name was Guido of Crema. Paschal III was the second of the antipopes to challenge the reign of Pope Alexander III. In 1164, a small number of cardinals who had elected Victor IV met again to vote Paschal III as his successor...	Deacon of S. Maria in Portico	21 September 1145	Eugenius III	Future Antipope Paschal III Antipope Paschal III Antipope Paschal III was Antipope from 1164 to 20 September 1168.His real name was Guido of Crema. Paschal III was the second of the antipopes to challenge the reign of Pope Alexander III. In 1164, a small number of cardinals who had elected Victor IV met again to vote Paschal III as his successor...  (1164-1168)
Giovanni da Napoli, Can.Reg.	Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco	22 September 1150	Eugenius III
Gerard de Namur Gerard de Namur Gerard de Namur was a cardinal born in Namur in the modern-day Belgium. In older historiography he is wrongly identified as Gerardo Caccianemici, nephew of Pope Lucius II....	Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata	21 February 1152	Eugenius III
Ottone da Brescia	Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere	21 February 1152	Eugenius III
Bernard de Rennes, O.Cist.	Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano	23 May 1152	Eugenius III

Six electors were created by Pope Innocent II

Pope Innocent II

Pope Innocent II , born Gregorio Papareschi, was pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III .-Early years:...

, five by Pope Celestine II

Pope Celestine II

Pope Celestine II , born Guido di Castello, was pope from 1143 to 1144.-Early life:Guido di Castello, possibly the son of a local noble, Niccolo di Castello, was born either in Città di Castello, situated in Paterna Santa Felicita upon the Apennines, or at Macerata in the March of Ancona.Guido had...

, six by Pope Lucius II

Pope Lucius II

Pope Lucius II , born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was pope from March 9, 1144, until his death Feb 15, 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome, and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy.-Early life:Gherardo Caccianemici...

, twelve by Pope Eugenius III and one by Pope Paschalis II.

Absentees

Elector	Cardinalatial Title	Elevated	Elevator	Notes
Nicholas Breakspeare Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair... , Can.Reg.	Bishop of Albano	16 December 1149	Eugenius III	Papal legate in Scandinavia; future Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair...  (1153-1154)
Rainaldo di Collemezzo, O.S.B.Cas.	Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro	ca. 1139-1141	Innocent II	Abbot of Montecassino (external cardinal External cardinal External cardinal is a term used to describe an opposite to the "curial cardinal," with reference to the certain category of the members of the College of Cardinals in the late Middle Ages... )
Bernard, Can.Reg.	Priest of S. Clemente	22 December 1144	Lucius II	Papal legate in Germany; archpriest of the Vatican Basilica
Gregorio	Deacon of S. Angelo	17 December 1143	Celestine II	Papal legate in Germany
Ildebrando Grassi, Can.Reg.	Deacon of S. Eustachio	23 May 1152	Eugenius III	Papal legate in Lombardy

Sources

• Ian Stuart Robinson, The Papacy 1073-1198. Continuity and Innovation, Cambridge University Press 1990
• Philipp Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII, vol. II, Leipzig 1888
• Johannes M. Brixius, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181, Berlin 1912
• Barbara Zenker, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159, Würzburg 1964
• Klaus Ganzer, Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter, Tübingen 1963