The papal election

Papal conclave

A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church...

of 1145 followed the death of Pope Lucius II

Pope Lucius II

Pope Lucius II , born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was pope from March 9, 1144, until his death Feb 15, 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome, and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy.-Early life:Gherardo Caccianemici...

 and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III

Pope Eugene III

Pope Blessed Eugene III , born Bernardo da Pisa, was Pope from 1145 to 1153. He was the first Cistercian to become Pope.-Early life:...

, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians.

Election of Eugene III

Pope Lucius II, during the whole of his pontificate, had to face the municipal commune at Rome, hostile towards the secular rule of the popes in the Eternal City. The republican faction elected Giordano Pierleoni

Giordano Pierleoni

Giordano Pierleoni was the son of the Consul Pier Leoni and therefore brother of Antipope Anacletus II and leader of the Commune of Rome which the people set up in 1143...

, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II

Antipope Anacletus II

Anacletus II , born Pietro Pierleoni, was an Antipope who ruled from 1130 to his death, in a schism against the contested, hasty election of Pope Innocent II....

, to the post of senator, and demanded that Lucius relinquish all temporal matters into his hands. The pope refused and led the small army against the seat of the commune on Capitol. He was defeated and seriously wounded in this attack, and died on 15 February 1145 in the church of S. Gregorio in clivo scauri. The cardinals present at Rome quickly assembled in the church of San Cesareo in Palatio

San Cesareo in Palatio

San Cesareo in Palatio or San Caesareo de Appia is a titular church in Rome, near the beginning of the Appian Way. It is dedicated to Saint Caesarius of Africa, a 2nd century deacon and martyr.-Origins:...

 and on the very same day unanimously elected to the papacy Bernardo da Pisa, pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux

Bernard of Clairvaux

Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian order.After the death of his mother, Bernard sought admission into the Cistercian order. Three years later, he was sent to found a new abbey at an isolated clearing in a glen known as the Val...

, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane near Rome and probably did not belong to he College of Cardinals. The elect took the name of Eugene III. Due to hostility of the Roman people, his consecration took place in the monastery of Farfa on 18 February 1145.

Cardinal-electors

There were probably 41 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in February 1145. Based on the examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1145 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals it is possible to establish that no more than 35 cardinals participated in the election:

Elector	Cardinalatial Title	Elevated	Elevator	Notes
Corrado Demetri della Suburra	Bishop of Sabina	1113/14	Paschalis II	Dean of the College of Cardinals Dean of the College of Cardinals The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College... ; future Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
Theodwin Theodwin Theodwin was a German cardinal and papal legate of the 12th century.-Biography:Theodwin was Abbot of Gorze from 1126 to ca... , O.S.B.	Bishop of Santa Rufina	21 December 1134	Innocent II
Pietro Pietro Papareschi Pietro was an Italian cardinal created by Pope Innocent II on 17 September 1143. He is often referred to as brother of Innocent II and member of the Roman family of Papareschi but this is not attested in the contemporary sources. He signed the papal bulls as Cardinal-Bishop of Albano between 9...	Bishop of Albano	17 September 1143	Innocent II
Guarino Foscari, Can.Reg.	Bishop of Palestrina	22 December 1144	Lucius II
Rainiero	Priest of S. Prisca	22 December 1139	Innocent II
Gregorio della Suburra	Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere	1 March 1140	Innocent II
Tommaso	Priest of S. Vitale	1 March 1140	Innocent II
Gilberto	Priest of S. Marco	13 March 1142	Innocent II
Niccolo	Priest of S. Ciriaco	13 March 1142	Innocent II
Manfredo	Priest of S. Sabina	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Guido de Summa Guido de Summa Guido de Summa was an Italian Cardinal.He was born in Milan. Pope Celestine II created him Cardinal-Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in the consistory celebrated on December 17, 1143. He subscribed the papal bulls between December 28, 1143 and April 14, 1150 and participated in the papal election,...	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Ariberto	Priest of S. Anastasia	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Ugo Novariensis	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Giulio	Priest of S. Marcello	19 May 1144	Lucius II
Ubaldo Caccianemici Ubaldo Caccianemici Ubaldo Caccianemici was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Lucius II, his cousin who elevated him in May or June 1144.... , Can.Reg.	Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme	19 May 1144	Lucius II
Robert Pullen Robert Pullen Robert Pullen was an English theologian and official of the Roman Catholic Church.-Biography:Nothing is known of his early life except that he was of English parentage. The conjecture of an early-20th-century biographer that he was born at Poole, Dorsetshire is not supported by any evidence....	Priest of S. Martino	22 December 1144	Lucius II	Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
Guido Puella, Can.Reg.	Priest of S. Pudenziana	22 December 1144	Lucius II
Villano Gaetani	Priest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio	22 December 1144	Lucius II	Future archbishop of Pisa (1146–1175)
Gregorio Tarquini Gregorio Tarquini Gregorio Tarquini was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Born in Rome, he was created cardinal deacon of Sts. Sergio e Bacco in December 1122...	Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco	9 March 1123	Callixtus II	Protodeacon Protodeacon Protodeacon derives from the Greek proto- meaning 'first' and diakonos, which is a standard ancient Greek word meaning "servant", "waiting-man," "minister" or "messenger." The word in English may refer to various clergymen, depending upon the usage of the particular church in question.-Eastern...
Odone Bonecase	Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro	4 March 1132	Innocent II
Guido Pisano	Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano	4 March 1132	Innocent II
Ottaviano de Monticelli Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Victor IV , born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli, was the cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia before he was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III...	Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere	25 February 1138	Innocent II	Future Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Victor IV , born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli, was the cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia before he was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III...
Guido de Castro Ficeclo	Deacon of S. Apollinare	1139	Innocent II
Pietro	Deacon of S. Maria in Portico	19 September 1141	Innocent II
Guido	Deacon of the Holy Roman Church	19 December 1141	Innocent II
Gregorio	Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Astaldo degli Astalli	Deacon of S. Eustachio	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Giovanni Caccianemici, Can.Reg.	Deacon of S. Maria Nuova	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Giovanni Paparoni Giovanni Paparoni Giovanni Paparoni was an Italian Cardinal and prominent papal legate in dealings with Ireland and Scotland.He was created Cardinal by Pope Celestine II in 1143. He presided at the Synod of Kells in 1152, which decided the system of four archbishops for Ireland...	Deacon of S. Adriano	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Rodolfo	Deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio	17 December 1143	Celestine II
Berardo	Deacon of the Holy Roman Church	19 May 1144	Lucius II
Giacinto Bobone Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope...	Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin	22 December 1144	Lucius II	Future Pope Celestine III (1191–1198)
Cinzio	Deacon of the Holy Roman Church	22 December 1144	Lucius II
Jordan, O.Carth.	Deacon of the Holy Roman Church	22 December 1144	Lucius II
Bernard, Can.Reg.	Deacon of the Holy Roman Church	22 December 1144	Lucius II

Thirteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II

Pope Innocent II

Pope Innocent II , born Gregorio Papareschi, was pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III .-Early years:...

, nine by Celestine II, eleven by Lucius II, one by Pope Callixtus II

Pope Callixtus II

Pope Calixtus II , born Guy de Vienne, the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy , was elected Pope on February 1, 1119, after the death of Pope Gelasius II . His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, which he was able to settle through the Concordat of Worms...

 and one by Pope Paschalis II.

Absentees

Elector	Cardinalatial Title	Elevated	Elevator	Notes
Alberic de Beauvais, O.S.B.Cluny	Bishop of Ostia Bishop of Ostia The Bishop of Ostia is the head of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia, one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome. The position is now attached to the post of Dean of the College of Cardinals, as it has been since 1150, with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the Vicar General of...	3 April 1138	Innocent II	Papal legate in France
Icmar Icmar of Tusculum Icmar was a French cardinal.He entered the Benedictine order of the Congregation of Cluny in the monastery of Saint-Martin des Champes in Paris; for a some time, he was a monk at Cluny. Later, he became abbot of the monastery S. Maria Nuova in the diocese of Poitiers. He was a friend of St... , O.S.B.Cluny	Bishop of Tusculum	13 March 1142	Innocent II	Papal legate in England
Guido Florentinus	Priest of S. Crisogono	1139	Innocent II	Protopriest Protopriest Protopriest — in the College of Cardinals, is the first Cardinal-Priest in the order of precedence. This title is always attached to the most senior Cardinal Priest according to date of his creation. From the 17th century until the end of 19th century Protopriest usually opted for the titulus San... ; papal legate in Lombardy
Rainaldo di Collemezzo, O.S.B.Cas.	Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro	ca. 1139–1141	Innocent II	Abbot of Montecassino (external cardinal External cardinal External cardinal is a term used to describe an opposite to the "curial cardinal," with reference to the certain category of the members of the College of Cardinals in the late Middle Ages... )
Ubaldo Allucingoli Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo, was pope from 1 September 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven...	Priest of S. Prassede	16 December 1138	Innocent II	Papal legate in Lombardy; future Pope Lucius III (1181–1185)
Ubaldo	Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo	19 December 1141	Innocent II	Papal legate in Poland and Denmark