This is a list of common inorganic and organic reagents often used in chemistry.

Synopsis

Reagent

Reagent

A reagent is a "substance or compound that is added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction, or added to see if a reaction occurs." Although the terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, a reactant is less specifically a "substance that is consumed in the course of...

s are "substances or compounds that are added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or are added to see if a reaction occurs." Some reagents are just a single element. However, most processes require reagents made of chemical compound

Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Chemical compounds have a unique and defined chemical structure; they consist of a fixed ratio of atoms that are held together...

s. Some of the most common ones are listed below.

Reagent Compounds

Name	General Description
Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CO2H . It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar , and has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell...	an organic acid Organic acid An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids. The relative stability of the conjugate... ; is one of the simplest carboxylic acids
Acetone Acetone Acetone is the organic compound with the formula 2CO, a colorless, mobile, flammable liquid, the simplest example of the ketones.Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important solvent in its own right, typically as the solvent of choice for cleaning purposes in the laboratory...	an organic compound Organic compound An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, and cyanides, as well as the... ; simplest example of the ketones
Acetylene Acetylene Acetylene is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution.As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because...	a hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups, called hydrocarbyls....  and the simplest alkyne Alkyne Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have a triple bond between two carbon atoms, with the formula CnH2n-2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature... ; widely used as a fuel and chemical building block
Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . It is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent odour. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or...	inorganic; the precursor to most nitrogen-containing compounds; used to make fertilizer
Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Ammonia solution, also known as ammonium hydroxide, ammonia water, ammonical liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or simply ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH3...	aqueous ammonia; used in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis Qualitative inorganic analysis Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ions in an aqueous solution, so that materials in other forms may need to be brought into this state before using standard...
Azobisisobutyronitrile	organic compound; often used as a foamer in plastics and rubber and as a radical initiator Radical initiator In chemistry, radical initiators are substances that can produce radical species under mild conditions and promote radical reactions . These substances generally possess weak bonds—bonds that have small bond dissociation energies. Radical initiators are utilized in industrial processes such...
Baeyer's reagent Baeyer's reagent Baeyer's reagent, named after the German organic chemist Adolf von Baeyer, is used in organic chemistry as a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation, such as double bonds. The bromine test is also able to determine the presence of unsaturation....	is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate; used in organic chemistry as a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation, such as double bonds;
n-Bromosuccinimide N-Bromosuccinimide N-Bromosuccinimide or NBS is a chemical reagent which is used in radical substitution and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. NBS can be considered a convenient source of cationic bromine.-Preparation:...	used in radical substitution Radical substitution In organic chemistry, a radical substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate.The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third....  and electrophilic addition Electrophilic addition In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where, in a chemical compound, a π bond is broken and two new σ bonds are formed...  reactions in organic chemistry
Butanone Butanone Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone or MEK, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CCH2CH3. This colorless liquid ketone has a sharp, sweet odor reminiscent of butterscotch and acetone. It is produced industrially on a large scale, and also occurs in trace amounts in nature...  (methyl ethyl ketone)	organic compound; similar solvent properties to acetone but has a significantly slower evaporation rate
Butylated hydroxytoluene Butylated hydroxytoluene Butylated hydroxytoluene , also known as butylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound that is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive as well as an antioxidant additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, jet fuels, rubber, petroleum products, electrical transformer oil, and embalming...	a fat-soluble organic compound that is primarily used as an antioxidant Antioxidant An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When...  food additive Food additive Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance.Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling , salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as in some wines...
n-Butyllithium N-Butyllithium n-Butyllithium is an organolithium reagent. It is widely used as a polymerization initiator in the production of elastomers such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene-styrene...	an organolithium reagent Organolithium reagent An organolithium reagent is an organometallic compound with a direct bond between a carbon and a lithium atom. As the electropositive nature of lithium puts most of the charge density of the bond on the carbon atom, effectively creating a carbanion, organolithium compounds are extremely powerful... ; used as a polymerization Polymerization In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or polymer chains...  initiator in the production of elastomers such as polybutadiene Polybutadiene Polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber that is a polymer formed from the polymerization process of the monomer 1,3-butadiene.It has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the manufacture of tires, which consumes about 70% of the production...  or styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) Styrene-butadiene Styrene-Butadiene or Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber is a synthetic rubber copolymer consisting of styrene and butadiene. It has good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives, and is widely used in car tires, where it may be blended with natural rubber...
Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide is a colorless volatile liquid with the formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent...	a non-polar solvent; used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry
Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names is the organic compound with the formula CCl4. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants, and as a cleaning agent...	toxic, and its dissolving power is low; consequently, it has been largely superseded by deuterated solvents
Carbonyldiimidazole Carbonyldiimidazole 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole is an organic compound with the molecular formula 2CO. It is a white crystalline solid. It is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis.-Preparation:...	often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide Peptide Peptides are short polymers of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds. They are distinguished from proteins on the basis of size, typically containing less than 50 monomer units. The shortest peptides are dipeptides, consisting of two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond...  synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis
Ceric ammonium nitrate	an inorganic compound; used as an oxidising agent in organic synthesis and as a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis
Chloroform Chloroform Chloroform is an organic compound with formula CHCl3. It is one of the four chloromethanes. The colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid is a trihalomethane, and is considered somewhat hazardous...	organic compound; a precursor to teflon
Chromic acid Chromic acid The term chromic acid is usually used for a mixture made by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a dichromate, which may contain a variety of compounds, including solid chromium trioxide. This kind of chromic acid may be used as a cleaning mixture for glass. Chromic acid may also refer to the...	a strong and corrosive oxidising agent; an intermediate in chromium plating
Chromium trioxide Chromium trioxide Chromium trioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula CrO3. It is the acidic anhydride of chromic acid, and is sometimes marketed under the same name.This compound is a dark-red/orange brown solid, which dissolves in water concomitant with hydrolysis...	the acidic anhydride of chromic acid; mainly used in chrome-plating
Collins reagent Collins reagent Collins reagent is the complex of chromium oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane. It is used to selectively oxidize primary alcohols to the aldehyde, and will tolerate many other functional groups within the molecule....	used to selectively oxidize primary alcohols to an aldehyde Aldehyde An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group, with the structure R-CHO, consists of a carbonyl center bonded to hydrogen and an R group....
Copper(I) iodide Copper(I) iodide Copper iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula CuI. It is also known as cuprous iodide. It is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding....	useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding Cloud seeding Cloud seeding, a form of intentional weather modification, is the attempt to change the amount or type of precipitation that falls from clouds, by dispersing substances into the air that serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which alter the microphysical processes within the cloud...
Dess–Martin periodinane	chemical reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones
Diborane Diborane Diborane is the chemical compound consisting of boron and hydrogen with the formula B2H6. It is a colorless gas at room temperature with a repulsively sweet odor. Diborane mixes well with air, easily forming explosive mixtures. Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature...	the central organic synthesis reagent for hydroboration
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is an organic compound with chemical formula C13H22N2 whose primary use is to couple amino acids during artificial peptide synthesis. Under standard conditions, it exists in the form of white crystals with a heavy, sweet odor. The low melting point of this material...	an organic compound; primary use is to couple amino acids during artificial peptide synthesis
Diethyl azodicarboxylate Diethyl azodicarboxylate Diethyl azodicarboxylate, conventionally abbreviated as DEAD and sometimes as DEADCAT, is an organic compound with the structural formula CH3CH2O2CN=NCO2CH2CH3. Its molecular structure consists of a central azo functional group, RN=NR, flanked by two ethyl ester groups. This orange-red liquid is a...	a valuable reagent but also quite dangerous and explodes upon heating
Diethyl ether Diethyl ether Diethyl ether, also known as ethyl ether, simply ether, or ethoxyethane, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula . It is a colorless, highly volatile flammable liquid with a characteristic odor...	organic compound; a common laboratory solvent
Dihydropyran	a heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound A heterocyclic compound is a cyclic compound which has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring. The counterparts of heterocyclic compounds are homocyclic compounds, the rings of which are made of a single element.... ; used as a protecting group Protecting group A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group in order to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction...  for alcohols in organic synthesis Organic synthesis Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of organic compounds via organic reactions. Organic molecules can often contain a higher level of complexity compared to purely inorganic compounds, so the synthesis of organic compounds has... s.
Diisobutylaluminium hydride Diisobutylaluminium hydride Diisobutylaluminium hydride, DIBAL, DIBAL-H or DIBAH, is a reducing agent with the formula 2, where i-Bu represents isobutyl...	an organoaluminium compound ; a reducing agent Reducing agent A reducing agent is the element or compound in a reduction-oxidation reaction that donates an electron to another species; however, since the reducer loses an electron we say it is "oxidized"... ; converts esters and nitriles to aldehydes
Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate is the diisopropyl ester of azodicarboxylic acid. It is used as a reagent in the production of many organic compounds. It is often used in the Mitsunobu reaction where it serves as an oxidizer of triphenylphosphine to triphenylphosphine oxide. It has also be used to...	the diisopropyl ester of azodicarboxylic acid; a reagent in the production of many organic compounds
Dimethyl ether Dimethyl ether Dimethyl ether , also known as methoxymethane, is the organic compound with the formula . The simplest ether, it is a colourless gas that is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant. When combusted, DME produces minimal soot and CO, though HC and NOx formation is...	the simplest ether Ether Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups — of general formula R–O–R'. A typical example is the solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether"... ; a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant
Dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula 2NCH. Commonly abbreviated as DMF , this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions...	organic compound; a common solvent for chemical reactions
Dimethylsulfide	organosulfur compound; used in petroleum Petroleum Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...  refining and in petrochemical Petrochemical Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane....  production processes; a reducing agent in ozonolysis Ozonolysis Ozonolysis is the cleavage of an alkene or alkyne with ozone to form organic compounds in which the multiple carbon–carbon bond has been replaced by a double bond to oxygen...  reactions
Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl sulfoxide is an organosulfur compound with the formula 2SO. This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water...	an organosulfur compound; an important polar Polar - Science, technology, and mathematics :*Polar , a satellite launched by NASA in 1996*Polar , a strongly magnetic cataclysmic variable star system...  aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds
Dioxane	a heterocyclic organic compound; classified as an ether
Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...	a powerful psychoactive drug; useed in alcoholic beverages, in thermometers, as a solvent, and as a fuel
Fehling's reagent	used to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups
Fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters. Fenton's reagent can be used to destroy organic compounds such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene ....	a solution of hydrogen peroxide and an iron Iron Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...  catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters
Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2O. It is the simplest aldehyde, hence its systematic name methanal.Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor. It is an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, especially for polymers...	the simplest aldehyde; an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, such as polymers and polyfunctional alcohols
Formic acid Formic acid Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. Its chemical formula is HCOOH or HCO2H. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in the venom of bee and ant stings. In fact, its name comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early...	the simplest carboxylic acid; often used as a source of the hydride Hydride In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties. In compounds that are regarded as hydrides, hydrogen is bonded to a more electropositive element or group...  ion
Grignard reagents	the most common application is for alkylation Alkylation Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion or a carbene . Alkylating agents are widely used in chemistry because the alkyl group is probably the most common group encountered in...  of aldehydes and ketones:
Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexamethylphosphoramide Hexamethylphosphoramide, often abbreviated HMPA, is a phosphoramide having the formula [2N]3PO. This colorless liquid is a useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis.-Structure and reactivity:...	a phosphoramide; useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis
Hydrazine Hydrazine Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the formula N2H4. It is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable unless handled in solution. Approximately 260,000 tons are manufactured annually...	used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams; also a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals
Hydrazoic acid Hydrazoic acid Hydrazoic acid, also known as hydrogen azide or azoimide, is a colorless, volatile, and extremely explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure. It is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, having chemical formula HN3. It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius...	used primarily for preservation of stock solution Stock solution In chemistry, a stock solution is a large volume of a common reagent, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, at a standardized concentration. This term is commonly used in analytical chemistry for procedures such as titrations, where it is important that exact concentrations of solutions... s, and as a reagent
Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water, that is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. It is found naturally in gastric acid....	a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses
Hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a valued source of fluorine and is the precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals such as fluoxetine and diverse materials such as PTFE ....	valued source of fluorine Fluorine Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic... , precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals; highly corrosive
Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. In dilute solution, it appears colorless. With its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleach or cleaning agent...	an oxidizer commonly used as a bleach
Imidazole Imidazole Imidazole is an organic compound with the formula C3H4N2. This aromatic heterocyclic is a diazole and is classified as an alkaloid. Imidazole refers to the parent compound, whereas imidazoles are a class of heterocycles with similar ring structure, but varying substituents...	an organic compound; this aromatic heterocyclic is a diazole Diazole Diazole refers to either one of a pair of isomeric chemical compounds with molecular formula C3H4N2, having a five-membered ring consisting of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms.The two isomers are:...  and is classified as an alkaloid Alkaloid Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids...
Isopropyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol is a common name for a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H8O. It is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor...	simplest example of a secondary alcohol; dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds
Lithium aluminium hydride Lithium aluminium hydride Lithium aluminium hydride, commonly abbreviated to LAH or known as LithAl, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiAlH4. It was discovered by Finholt, Bond and Schlesinger in 1947. This compound is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, especially for the reduction of esters,...	a reducing agent in organic synthesis; used to prepare main group and transition metal hydrides from the corresponding metal halides
Lithium diisopropylamide Lithium diisopropylamide Lithium diisopropylamide is the chemical compound with the formula [2CH]2NLi. Generally abbreviated LDA, it is a strong base used in organic chemistry for the deprotonation of weakly acidic compounds. The reagent has been widely accepted because it is soluble in non-polar organic solvents and it...	strong base used in organic chemistry for the deprotonation of weakly acidic compounds
Manganese dioxide	used as a pigment and as a precursor to other manganese compounds; used as a reagent in organic synthesis for the oxidation of allylic alcohols
Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid is a peroxycarboxylic acid used widely as an oxidant in organic synthesis. mCPBA is often preferred to other peroxy acids because of its relative ease of handling...	used as an oxidant in organic synthesis
Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether, also known as methyl tertiary butyl ether and MTBE, is an organic compound with molecular formula 3COCH3. MTBE is a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid that is immiscible with water. It has a minty odor vaguely reminiscent of diethyl ether, leading to unpleasant taste...	a gasoline additive; also used in organic chemistry as a relatively inexpensive solvent
Millon's reagent Millon's reagent Millon's reagent is an analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble proteins. A few drops of the reagent are added to the test solution, which is then heated gently...	an analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble proteins
Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive and toxic strong acid.Colorless when pure, older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to the accumulation of oxides of nitrogen. If the solution contains more than 86% nitric acid, it is referred to as fuming...	highly corrosive and toxic strong acid; used for the production of fertilizers, production of explosives, and as a component of aqua regia Aqua regia Aqua regia or aqua regis is a highly corrosive mixture of acids, fuming yellow or red solution, also called nitro-hydrochloric acid. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a volume ratio of 1:3, respectively...
Osmium tetroxide	in organic synthesis, is widely used to oxidise alkenes to the vicinal diols
Oxalyl chloride Oxalyl chloride Oxalyl chloride or ethanedioyl dichloride is a chemical compound with the formula 2. This colourless, sharp-smelling liquid, the diacid chloride of oxalic acid, is a useful reagent in organic synthesis...	used in organic synthesis for the preparation of acid chlorides from the corresponding carboxylic acids
Palladium(II) acetate Palladium(II) acetate Palladium acetate is a chemical compound of palladium described by the formula Pd2 or Pd2. It is considered more reactive than the analogous platinum compound...	a catalyst for many organic reactions by combining with many common classes of organic compounds to form reactive adduct
Perchloric acid Perchloric acid Perchloric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula HClO4. Usually encountered as an aqueous solution, this colourless compound is a strong acid comparable in strength to sulfuric and nitric acids. It is a powerful oxidizer, but its aqueous solutions up to appr. 70% are remarkably inert,...	a powerful oxidizing agent; readily forms explosive mixtures; mainly used in the production of rocket fuel
Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula H3PO4. Orthophosphoric acid molecules can combine with themselves to form a variety of compounds which are also referred to as phosphoric acids, but in a more general way...	a mineral acid Mineral acid A mineral acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. A mineral acid is not organic and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.-Characteristics:...  with many industrial uses; commonly used in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides
Phosphorus pentachloride	one of the most important phosphorus chlorides; a chlorinating reagent
Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus tribromide is a colourless liquid with the formula PBr3. It fumes in air due to hydrolysis and has a penetrating odour. It is widely used in the laboratory for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides.-Preparation:...	used for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides
Phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trichloride is a chemical compound of phosphorus and chlorine, having chemical formula PCl3. Its shape is trigonal pyramidal. It is the most important of the three phosphorus chlorides. It is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds...	most important of the three phosphorus chlorides Phosphorus chlorides Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides, others being PCl3 and POCl3. PCl5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent... ; used to manufacture organophosphorus compounds; used to convert primary and secondary alcohols into alkyl chlorides, or carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides
Phosphoryl chloride Phosphoryl chloride Phosphoryl chloride is a colourless liquid with the formula 3. It hydrolyses in moist air to phosphoric acid to release choking fumes of hydrogen chloride. It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide...	used to make phosphate esters such as tricresyl phosphate Tricresyl phosphate Tricresyl phosphate, abbreviated TCP, is an organophosphate compound that is used as a plasticizer and diverse other applications. It is a colourless, viscous liquid, although commercial samples are typically yellow...
Potassium dichromate	a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications
Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, commonly called caustic potash.Along with sodium hydroxide , this colorless solid is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications. Most applications exploit its reactivity toward acids and its corrosive...	a strong base; precursor to most soft and liquid soaps as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals
Potassium permanganate Potassium permanganate Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula KMnO4. It is a salt consisting of K+ and MnO4− ions. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely purple solutions, the...	a strong oxidizing agent; can be used to quantitatively determine the total oxidisable organic material in an aqueous sample; a reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds
Pyridinium chlorochromate Pyridinium chlorochromate Pyridinium chlorochromate is a reddish orange solid reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. Pyridinium chlorochromate, or PCC, will not fully oxidize a primary alcohol to the carboxylic acid as does the Jones reagent. A disadvantage to using PCC is...	used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones
Pyridinium dichromate (Cornforth reagent)	converts primary and secondary alcohols to ketones
Raney nickel Raney nickel Raney nickel is a solid catalyst composed of fine grains of a nickel-aluminium alloy, used in many industrial processes. It was developed in 1926 by American]] engineer Murray Raney as an alternative catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils in industrial processes...	an alternative catalyst for the hydrogenation Hydrogenation Hydrogenation, to treat with hydrogen, also a form of chemical reduction, is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically...  of vegetable oils; in organic synthesis, used for desulfurization
Samarium(II) iodide Samarium(II) iodide Samarium iodide is a green solid composed of samarium and iodine, with a melting point of 520 °C where the samarium atom has a coordination number of seven in a capped octahedral configuration...  (Kagan Reagent)	a powerful reducing agent
Silver oxide	used to prepare other silver compounds; in organic chemistry, used as a mild oxidizing agent Oxidizing agent An oxidizing agent can be defined as a substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox chemical reaction...
Silver nitrate Silver nitrate Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . This compound is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides...	precursor to many other silver compounds; commonly used in inorganic chemistry to abstract halides
Sodium amide Sodium amide Sodium amide, commonly called sodamide, is the chemical compound with the formula NaNH2. This solid, which is dangerously reactive toward water, is white when pure, but commercial samples are typically gray due to the presence of small quantities of metallic iron from the manufacturing process...	used in the industrial production of indigo, hydrazine, and sodium cyanide; used for the drying of ammonia; used as a strong base in organic chemistry
Sodium azide Sodium azide Sodium azide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaN3. This colourless azide salt is the gas-forming component in many car airbag systems. It is used for the preparation of other azide compounds. It is an ionic substance and is highly soluble in water. It is extremely...	gas-forming component in airbag systems; used in organic synthesis to introduce the azide functional group by displacement of halides
Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Sodium bisamide is the chemical compound with the formula 2NNa. This species, usually called NaHMDS , is a strong base used for deprotonation reactions or base catalyzed reaction...	a strong base; deprotonates ketones and esters to generate enolate derivative
Sodium borohydride Sodium borohydride Sodium borohydride, also known as sodium tetrahydridoborate, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBH4. This white solid, usually encountered as a powder, is a versatile reducing agent that finds wide application in chemistry, both in the laboratory and on a technical scale. Large amounts are...	a versatile reducing agent; converts ketones and aldehydes to alcohols
Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorite is a chemical compound used in the manufacture of paper.-Use:The main application of sodium chlorite is the generation of chlorine dioxide for bleaching and stripping of textiles, pulp, and paper. It is also used for disinfection of a few municipal water treatment plants after...	in organic synthesis, used for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids
Sodium hydride Sodium hydride Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH. It is primarily used as a strong base in organic synthesis. NaH is representative of the saline hydrides, meaning it is a salt-like hydride, composed of Na+ and H− ions, in contrast to the more molecular hydrides such as...	a strong base used in organic synthesis
Sodium hydroxide	strong base with many industrial uses; in the laboratory, used with acids to produce the corresponding salt, also used as an electrolyte Electrolyte In chemistry, an electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive. The most typical electrolyte is an ionic solution, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible....
Sodium hypochlorite	frequently used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent
Sodium nitrite Sodium nitrite Sodium nitrite is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is a white to slight yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic...	used to convert amines into diazo Diazo Diazo refers to a type of organic compound called diazo compound that has two linked nitrogen atoms as a terminal functional group. The general formula is R2C=N2. The simplest example of a diazo compound is diazomethane...  compounds
Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula . Its historical name is oil of vitriol. Pure sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, viscous liquid. The salts of sulfuric acid are called sulfates...	strong mineral acid; major industrial use is the production of phosphoric acid
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide tert-Butyl hydroperoxide is an organic peroxide widely used in a variety of oxidation processes, for example Sharpless epoxidation...	used in a variety of oxidation processes; industrially, is used as a starter of radical polymerization Radical polymerization Free radical polymerization is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of free radical building blocks. Free radicals can be formed via a number of different mechanisms usually involving separate initiator molecules...
Tetrahydrofuran Tetrahydrofuran Tetrahydrofuran is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity at standard temperature and pressure. This heterocyclic compound has the chemical formula 4O. As one of the most polar ethers with a wide liquid range, it is a useful solvent. Its main use, however, is as a precursor...	one of the most polar ethers; a useful solvent; its main use is as a precursor to polymers
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) Tetrakispalladium is the chemical compound Pd[P3]4, often abbreviated Pd4, or even PdP4. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid that becomes brown upon decomposition in air.-Structure and properties:...	a catalyst for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide Tetramethylammonium hydroxide Tetramethylammonium hydroxide is a quaternary ammonium salt with the molecular formula 4NOH. It is used as an anisotropic etchant of silicon. It is also used as a basic solvent in the development of acidic photoresist in the photolithography process. Since it is a phase transfer catalyst, it is...	a quaternary ammonium salt; used as an anisotropic etchant of silicon; used as a basic solvent in the development of acidic photoresist Photoresist A photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in several industrial processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving to form a patterned coating on a surface.-Tone:Photoresists are classified into two groups: positive resists and negative resists....  in the photolithography Photolithography Photolithography is a process used in microfabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate. It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical "photoresist", or simply "resist," on the substrate...  process
Tetramethylsilane Tetramethylsilane Tetramethylsilane is the chemical compound with the formula Si4. It is the simplest tetraorganosilane. Like all silanes, the TMS framework is tetrahedral...	the simplest tetraorganosilane; a building block in organometallic chemistry Organometallic chemistry Organometallic chemistry is the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. Since many compounds without such bonds are chemically similar, an alternative may be compounds containing metal-element bonds of a largely covalent character...
Thionyl chloride Thionyl chloride Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula SOCl2. It is a reactive chemical reagent used in chlorination reactions. It is a colorless, distillable liquid at room temperature and pressure that decomposes above 140 °C. Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl...	an inorganic compound; used in chlorination reactions; converts carboxylic acids to acyl chloride Acyl chloride In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride is an organic compound with the functional group -CO-Cl. Their formula is usually written RCOCl, where R is a side chain. They are usually considered to be reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids. A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride,... s
Thiophenol Thiophenol Thiophenol is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H6S, and sometimes abbreviated as PhSH. This foul-smelling colourless liquid is the simplest aromatic thiol. The chemical structures of thiophenols are analogous to phenols except the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group bonded to the...	an organosulfur compound; the simplest aromatic thiol Thiol In organic chemistry, a thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl group...
Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4. It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. TiCl4 is an unusual example of a metal halide that is highly volatile...	an intermediate in the production of titanium metal and titanium dioxide
Tollens' reagent Tollens' reagent Tollens' reagent is a chemical reagent most commonly used to determine whether a known carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone. It is usually ammoniacal silver nitrate, but can also be other mixtures, as long as aqueous diamminesilver complex is present...	a chemical test most commonly used to determine whether a known carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone
Triphenylphosphine Triphenylphosphine Triphenylphosphine is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P3 - often abbreviated to PPh3 or Ph3P. It is widely used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds. PPh3 exists as relatively air stable, colorless crystals at room temperature...	used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds