Campora San Giovanni
Encyclopedia
Campora San Giovanni is a frazione
of the comune
(municipality) of Amantea
, in the province of Cosenza
, Calabria
, Italy
, situated close to the border with the province of Catanzaro
.
. Since the 1950s, the village has grown and expanded on a small plateau that rises over a flat area close to the beach. The region is surrounded by a hill covered with vineyard
s and olive plantations. This hill slopes gently toward the region and offers an impressive sight: on the left, the gulf of Lamezia Terme
;
in front, on the horizon line, Stromboli
volcano can be seen with its smoke on clear days.
The Aeolian Islands
can be easily reached from the port of Campora.
and tourism
. Since the 1950s, the cultivation of the Red onion of Tropea
has greatly developed, and it is nowadays appreciated both in domestic and foreign markets. During the last 20 years, the export of this product, together with other commercial activities, has propelled the local economy.
The village is also a seaside resort; its port was built in 2003, and it provides easy access to the Lipari Islands, being a key element in its tourism infrastructure.
, and by the A3 motorway, which connects the village with the Lamezia Terme International Airport
, just 25 km (15.53 mi) away.
s. This tower is nicknamed U Turriune in the local dialect.
, and his feast
is celebrated from September 1 to September 3. During the celebrations, which attract numerous pilgrim
s from the nearby villages, there is a procession
where the statue of the saint is carried on the shoulders along the streets (sometimes accompanied by a cart decorated with flowers and ex-voto
).
:
The two rival cities were also victims of piratical
incursions, being eventually destroyed; their population escaped to the mountain crags. The territory has always been subject to colonization and conquest throughout the course of the centuries: Phoenicia
ns, Greeks
, Romans
, Barbarian
s, Arab
s, Byzantines
, and Normans
occupied this area in different periods of time.
of this area. It was the central landing point for the emir Mohammad Abdul al-Zimzim, who proceeded from there to invade Amantea
(at the time known as Clampetia). The Arab occupation was short, enduring until the arrival of the Byzantines
, who were themselves later replaced by the Normans. During the Norman era, the first fortifications and towers were built: one being constructed near Coreca; the other is known locally as "U Turriune" and is close to the town of Fravitte, not far from the civic centre
. With the successive arrival of the Anjous and the Aragon
ese, and thereafter under the Kingdom of Naples
, the territory declined in importance compared to the near-by Amantea
and other adjacent areas. The region is also considered a lost outpost of Hebrew culture dating to 1492 — the year the Jews were expelled from Castile and Aragon by Ferdinand the Catholic
.
, with origins in several areas ruled by the Crown of Naples. Most current neighbourhoods still bear the names of these old landowners. In the 1730s, a nobleman of Sicilian ancestry, the Marquis Francesco María Cozza - a relative of the painter with the same name
- had a silk factory built, in the neighbourhood that still bears his name - thus adding cultivation of silkworms to the town's industries. He also ordered the building of a chapel dedicated to Saint John the Baptist
(in old dialect Santu Janni). The silk factory also had its headquarters in the Masonry, and in the neighbouring Augurato for a brief period of time. There remain traces of architecture from the 18th century, thanks to local sculptor Vincenzo Torchia, of Nocera Terinese
. In 1756, the silk factory ended its activity without any known explanation, and the area relapsed into obscurity for 130 years.
, Aiello Calabro
and Nocera Terinese
. In 1877 began the first migrations from adjacent counties: Cleto
, Nocera Terinese
, Aiello Calabro
, Belmonte Calabro
, Lago
, Longobardi
, San Mango d'Aquino
. Immigrants from Bavaria
also arrived from the Austro-Hungarian Empire - among them, a few merchants or noblemen who had fallen into misfortune. One of these was Baron Johann-Paschalis von Tief (who Italianised his name to Pasquale Chieffa I in 1858), an aristocrat of Tyrolese origin who tried to recover the wealth lost by his ancestors. Working in viticulture
in the area of the Savuto, he was able to make his fortune and to form the first nucleus of Campora San Giovanni, thanks also to the help of the two main landowners at the time: the marquises Cavallo and Mauri.
Over the following twenty years, new migratory waves from the interior came to the coast. In 1898, Amantea acquired the territory of Campora San Giovanni from its neighbours. The population participated actively in the First World War, and in the years of the Fascist regime
, the territory had new reparations.
By the time of the Second World War
, many Camporeses left again to serve their homeland in the military. In 1943, the country was bombarded by the Allied forces; there are ruins of this bombardment in the Augurato neighbourhood. During their retreat, the Nazis murdered 50 Camporeses accused of treason, in order to show what fate might be expected by traitors. The town of Campora had a single partisano: Angelo Vadacchino, who fought in Florence
and was confined to Prato
, after feigning idiocy.
As in all Italian locales in the 1950s and 1980s, many camporeses emigrated in search of work to the North of Italy, Venezuela
and New Zealand
; it is believed that approximately 7,000 people departed in fewer than 30 years.
During the 1980s
, there began an economic explosion of Campora San Giovanni that continued for an almost five-year period, with the development of hotel and marine structures, and the explosion of the red onion in several agricultural cooperatives. With the fall of the Wall of Berlin
came the arrival of new migratory waves from Eastern Europe
, with labourers coming for agriculture (women) and for the building sector (men). There is now an influx of small Chinese
communities, Arabic-magrebines and Indians
.
Of more recent construction is the port (2002) and the square "San Francesco
of Paola" (2003), dedicated to the patron saint of that name, whose feast is celebrated between September 1 and 3. In this feast's procession, people carry the saint's statue along the streets on their shoulders, or sometimes in a cart adorned with flowers.
The main church (1956) is dedicated to San Pietro Apostolo (St. Peter). The Curia decided to build a new church because of the population increase. The construction of the new church of San Francesco of Paola ended in 2009.
s in major celebrations to the smallest parties and the Cuntaturi, in which bards would tell stories of rural life. It is today a widespread tradition that the Cuntaturi is chosen by the local elder from among the sharpest and most vivacious children.
, reflects the agricultural and fishing industries. It is represented by simple dishes, complex pastries, and pork sausage
s. Typical dishes include:
Frazione
A frazione , in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a comune; for other administrative divisions, see municipio, circoscrizione, quartiere...
of the comune
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
(municipality) of Amantea
Amantea
Amantea is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.It is a touristical centre on the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast...
, in the province of Cosenza
Province of Cosenza
The Province of Cosenza is a province in the Calabria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Cosenza.It has an area of 6,650 km², and a total population of 733,797 . It is the biggest Calabrian Province...
, Calabria
Calabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, situated close to the border with the province of Catanzaro
Province of Catanzaro
The Province of Catanzaro is a province of the Calabria region, in Italy. The city of Catanzaro is capital both of the province and of the region.- Demographics :The following is a list of the province of Catanzaro comunes with population over 5,000:...
.
Geography
Campora San Giovanni overlooks the coast of the Tyrrhenian SeaTyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.-Geography:The sea is bounded by Corsica and Sardinia , Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Basilicata and Calabria and Sicily ....
. Since the 1950s, the village has grown and expanded on a small plateau that rises over a flat area close to the beach. The region is surrounded by a hill covered with vineyard
Vineyard
A vineyard is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice...
s and olive plantations. This hill slopes gently toward the region and offers an impressive sight: on the left, the gulf of Lamezia Terme
Lamezia Terme
Lamezia Terme, commonly named Lamezia, is an Italian city of 71,287 inhabitants in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region.-Geography:...
;
in front, on the horizon line, Stromboli
Stromboli
Stromboli is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily, containing one of the three active volcanoes in Italy. It is one of the eight Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of Sicily. This name is a corruption of the Ancient Greek name Strongulē which was given to it...
volcano can be seen with its smoke on clear days.
The Aeolian Islands
Aeolian Islands
The Aeolian Islands or Lipari Islands are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily, named after the demigod of the winds Aeolus. The locals residing on the islands are known as Eolians . The Aeolian Islands are a popular tourist destination in the summer, and attract up to...
can be easily reached from the port of Campora.
Economy
The economy is based on agricultureAgriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
and tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
. Since the 1950s, the cultivation of the Red onion of Tropea
Red onion
Red onions, sometimes called purple onions, are cultivars of the onion with purplish red skin and white flesh tinged with red.These onions tend to be medium to large in size and have a mild to sweet flavor. They are often consumed raw, grilled or lightly cooked with other foods, or added as color...
has greatly developed, and it is nowadays appreciated both in domestic and foreign markets. During the last 20 years, the export of this product, together with other commercial activities, has propelled the local economy.
The village is also a seaside resort; its port was built in 2003, and it provides easy access to the Lipari Islands, being a key element in its tourism infrastructure.
Transportation
Transportation is enhanced by the favourable position of the village, being situated near the highway SS18. It can also be reached from other parts of Italy by a railway lineRail tracks
The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast , plus the underlying subgrade...
, and by the A3 motorway, which connects the village with the Lamezia Terme International Airport
Lamezia Terme International Airport
Lamezia Terme Airport is an airport near Lamezia Terme, Italy. Its IATA airport code SUF is derived from Sant'Eufemia, the part of Lamezia Terme which the airport is closest to.It is the most important Calabrian airport and is under continuous development...
, just 25 km (15.53 mi) away.
Main sights
A large tower, which dates from the 14th century, is the only notable building. The upper part of the tower is decorated with corbelCorbel
In architecture a corbel is a piece of stone jutting out of a wall to carry any superincumbent weight. A piece of timber projecting in the same way was called a "tassel" or a "bragger". The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels deeply keyed inside a wall support a projecting wall or...
s. This tower is nicknamed U Turriune in the local dialect.
Events
Saint Francis of Paola is the local patron saintPatron saint
A patron saint is a saint who is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person...
, and his feast
Calendar of saints
The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the feast day of said saint...
is celebrated from September 1 to September 3. During the celebrations, which attract numerous pilgrim
Pilgrim
A pilgrim is a traveler who is on a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journeying to some place of special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system...
s from the nearby villages, there is a procession
Procession
A procession is an organized body of people advancing in a formal or ceremonial manner.-Procession elements:...
where the statue of the saint is carried on the shoulders along the streets (sometimes accompanied by a cart decorated with flowers and ex-voto
Ex-voto
An ex-voto is a votive offering to a saint or divinity. It is given in fulfillment of a vow or in gratitude or devotion...
).
Hamlets
The territory of Campora San Giovanni is divided into the following hamlets:- Augurato
- Carratelli
- Cologni
- Cozza
- Cuccuvaglia
- Fravitte
- Gallo (southern part)
- Imbelli
- Marano
- Marinella
- Mirabelli
- Oliva
- Piana Cavallo
- Piana Mauri
- Principessa
- Ribes
- Rubano
- Strìttùrì
- Villanova
Ancient History
In ancient times, the area was the headquarters of two cities of Magna GraeciaMagna Graecia
Magna Græcia is the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers; particularly the Achaean colonies of Tarentum, Crotone, and Sybaris, but also, more loosely, the cities of Cumae and Neapolis to the north...
:
- Temesa, an ally of Sibari; it corresponds more or less with the current neighbourhoods of Carratelli and Imbelli; from Imbelli, to the edge of Serra d'AielloSerra d'AielloSerra d'Aiello is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy....
, remains of ancient Greek constructions have been found; - Farther away, the city of Klethe, in the vicinity of the current Princessa to the edge of Savuto of CletoCletoCleto is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy....
, which was allegedly inhabited by a princess from whom derives the name of the neighbourhood, AmazoniaAmazon RainforestThe Amazon Rainforest , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America...
, an ally of the Crotonianos, hostile because of the Sibaritides.
The two rival cities were also victims of piratical
Piracy
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator...
incursions, being eventually destroyed; their population escaped to the mountain crags. The territory has always been subject to colonization and conquest throughout the course of the centuries: Phoenicia
Phoenicia
Phoenicia , was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550...
ns, Greeks
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
, Romans
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
, Barbarian
Barbarian
Barbarian and savage are terms used to refer to a person who is perceived to be uncivilized. The word is often used either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage...
s, Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
s, Byzantines
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
, and Normans
Normans
The Normans were the people who gave their name to Normandy, a region in northern France. They were descended from Norse Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock...
occupied this area in different periods of time.
Middle Ages
There are few historical documents from the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
of this area. It was the central landing point for the emir Mohammad Abdul al-Zimzim, who proceeded from there to invade Amantea
Amantea
Amantea is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.It is a touristical centre on the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast...
(at the time known as Clampetia). The Arab occupation was short, enduring until the arrival of the Byzantines
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
, who were themselves later replaced by the Normans. During the Norman era, the first fortifications and towers were built: one being constructed near Coreca; the other is known locally as "U Turriune" and is close to the town of Fravitte, not far from the civic centre
Civic center
A civic center or civic centre is a prominent land area within a community that is constructed to be its focal point or center. It usually contains one or more dominant public buildings, which may also include a government building...
. With the successive arrival of the Anjous and the Aragon
Aragon
Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
ese, and thereafter under the Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
, the territory declined in importance compared to the near-by Amantea
Amantea
Amantea is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.It is a touristical centre on the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast...
and other adjacent areas. The region is also considered a lost outpost of Hebrew culture dating to 1492 — the year the Jews were expelled from Castile and Aragon by Ferdinand the Catholic
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
.
Modern history
Following a period of historical obscurity, a revaluation of the territory was begun in the 1600s, thanks to noble landowners in a large part of AmanteaAmantea
Amantea is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.It is a touristical centre on the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast...
, with origins in several areas ruled by the Crown of Naples. Most current neighbourhoods still bear the names of these old landowners. In the 1730s, a nobleman of Sicilian ancestry, the Marquis Francesco María Cozza - a relative of the painter with the same name
Francesco Cozza (painter)
Francesco Cozza was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.He was born in Stilo in Calabria and died in Rome. As a young man, he went to Rome and apprenticed with Domenichino...
- had a silk factory built, in the neighbourhood that still bears his name - thus adding cultivation of silkworms to the town's industries. He also ordered the building of a chapel dedicated to Saint John the Baptist
John the Baptist
John the Baptist was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure mentioned in the Canonical gospels. He is described in the Gospel of Luke as a relative of Jesus, who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River...
(in old dialect Santu Janni). The silk factory also had its headquarters in the Masonry, and in the neighbouring Augurato for a brief period of time. There remain traces of architecture from the 18th century, thanks to local sculptor Vincenzo Torchia, of Nocera Terinese
Nocera Terinese
Nocera Terinese is a town and comune of the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of southern Italy.In its territory, according to the last archaeological investigations, was located the ancient Greater Greece city of Temesa....
. In 1756, the silk factory ended its activity without any known explanation, and the area relapsed into obscurity for 130 years.
Present day
The core of present day Campora was divided until 1876 among the current city councils of AmanteaAmantea
Amantea is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.It is a touristical centre on the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast...
, Aiello Calabro
Aiello Calabro
Aiello Calabro is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of Italy.- External links :...
and Nocera Terinese
Nocera Terinese
Nocera Terinese is a town and comune of the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of southern Italy.In its territory, according to the last archaeological investigations, was located the ancient Greater Greece city of Temesa....
. In 1877 began the first migrations from adjacent counties: Cleto
Cleto
Cleto is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy....
, Nocera Terinese
Nocera Terinese
Nocera Terinese is a town and comune of the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of southern Italy.In its territory, according to the last archaeological investigations, was located the ancient Greater Greece city of Temesa....
, Aiello Calabro
Aiello Calabro
Aiello Calabro is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of Italy.- External links :...
, Belmonte Calabro
Belmonte Calabro
Belmonte Calabro, known simply as Belmonte prior to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza, in Calabria...
, Lago
Lago
Lago, which means "lake" in Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, may refer to:-Places:Italy*Lago, Calabria, a comune in the Province of CosenzaMexico*Lago, Mexico, a municipality zone in the State of MexicoMozambique...
, Longobardi
Longobardi (commune)
Longobardi is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza, part of the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is located between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Monte Cocuzzo, one of the highest peaks in the area....
, San Mango d'Aquino
San Mango d'Aquino
San Mango d'Aquino is a town and comune in the province of Catanzaro, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. This town was recently rejuvenated by several construction programs designed to improve access for tourism.-Religion:...
. Immigrants from Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
also arrived from the Austro-Hungarian Empire - among them, a few merchants or noblemen who had fallen into misfortune. One of these was Baron Johann-Paschalis von Tief (who Italianised his name to Pasquale Chieffa I in 1858), an aristocrat of Tyrolese origin who tried to recover the wealth lost by his ancestors. Working in viticulture
Viticulture
Viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. When the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture...
in the area of the Savuto, he was able to make his fortune and to form the first nucleus of Campora San Giovanni, thanks also to the help of the two main landowners at the time: the marquises Cavallo and Mauri.
Over the following twenty years, new migratory waves from the interior came to the coast. In 1898, Amantea acquired the territory of Campora San Giovanni from its neighbours. The population participated actively in the First World War, and in the years of the Fascist regime
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
, the territory had new reparations.
By the time of the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, many Camporeses left again to serve their homeland in the military. In 1943, the country was bombarded by the Allied forces; there are ruins of this bombardment in the Augurato neighbourhood. During their retreat, the Nazis murdered 50 Camporeses accused of treason, in order to show what fate might be expected by traitors. The town of Campora had a single partisano: Angelo Vadacchino, who fought in Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
and was confined to Prato
Prato
Prato is a city and comune in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. The city is situated at the foot of Monte Retaia , the last peak in the Calvana chain. The lowest altitude in the comune is 32 m, near the Cascine di Tavola, and the highest is the peak of Monte Cantagrillo...
, after feigning idiocy.
As in all Italian locales in the 1950s and 1980s, many camporeses emigrated in search of work to the North of Italy, Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
; it is believed that approximately 7,000 people departed in fewer than 30 years.
During the 1980s
1980s
File:1980s decade montage.png|thumb|400px|From left, clockwise: The first Space Shuttle, Columbia, lifted off in 1981; American President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev eased tensions between the two superpowers, leading to the end of the Cold War; The Fall of the Berlin Wall in...
, there began an economic explosion of Campora San Giovanni that continued for an almost five-year period, with the development of hotel and marine structures, and the explosion of the red onion in several agricultural cooperatives. With the fall of the Wall of Berlin
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin...
came the arrival of new migratory waves from Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
, with labourers coming for agriculture (women) and for the building sector (men). There is now an influx of small Chinese
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
communities, Arabic-magrebines and Indians
Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin
A Non-Resident Indian is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country, a person of Indian origin who is born outside India, or a person of Indian origin who resides permanently outside India. Other terms with the same meaning are overseas Indian and expatriate Indian...
.
Local culture
The name "Campora San Giovanni" is derived from the Latin campora (field, camp), while San Giovanni refers to Saint John the Baptist, protector of the neighbouring Nocera Terinese, and also for the name of the old Chapel of Santu Janni, "Saint John" in the old dialect. Several of the neighbourhood names also have their origin in those of the old proprietors:- Augurato: from the Latin "Auguratio Esperantia".
- Carratelli: From the family of the same name, originally derived from Latin "Carae Tellus" (beloved to Tellus, a pagan god of fertility, protector of the dead, and god of earthquakes).
- Cologni: from Colunus (colonist).
- Cozza: settlement founded by the Marquis Francesco María Cozza.
- Cuccuvaglia: Latin Cum valicum ("With the Valleys").
- Fravitte: to friable land.
- Gallo: 'Chicken', an old centre for chicken and other livestock breeding.
- Imbelli: from Latin "In Bellum" (In the War), centre of a war between Temesa and Klethe.
- Marano: from the family of Cosenza, aka Marano.
- Marinella: "the Small Marina" (one is nearby.)
- Mirabelli: from the noble family; also means 'Beautiful View'.
- Olive: from the nearby Olive groves.
- Piana Cavallo: Headquarters of the possessions of the family of Marquis Luigi I Cavallo.
- Piana Mauri: Headquarters of the possessions of the family of Marquis Alberto I Mauri.
- Principessa: was considered the headquarters of the Princess of Amazonia.
- Ribes: in reference to strong currant stains.
- Rubano: named after a stream, also for the continuous forays of the highwaymen of the past.
- Villanova: from Latin "Villa Novam" that is "New City", to the borders of Serra d'AielloSerra d'AielloSerra d'Aiello is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy....
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Places of interest
A tower of remarkable dimensions, dated to the 14th century, is the only construction of historical value. The upper part of the tower is adorned with crowning ledges. The tower is called in the local dialect "U Turriune". There is also the Church of Santa Filomena in Augurato, with the associated "Funtana du Peshcaru".Of more recent construction is the port (2002) and the square "San Francesco
Francis of Paola
Saint Francis of Paola was an Italian mendicant friar and the founder of the Roman Catholic Order of the Minims.-Biography:...
of Paola" (2003), dedicated to the patron saint of that name, whose feast is celebrated between September 1 and 3. In this feast's procession, people carry the saint's statue along the streets on their shoulders, or sometimes in a cart adorned with flowers.
The main church (1956) is dedicated to San Pietro Apostolo (St. Peter). The Curia decided to build a new church because of the population increase. The construction of the new church of San Francesco of Paola ended in 2009.
Dialect
The local dialect is among the offshoots of the Calabrian dialects. Being subjected to hybridism with other dialects, this dialect has lost its originality over the course of time, with other words added by newer immigrants.Folklore
As with all parts of Calabria, folklore is present in the tradition of the region, from the tarantellaTarantella
The term tarantella groups a number of different southern Italian couple folk dances characterized by a fast upbeat tempo, usually in 6/8 time , accompanied by tambourines. It is among the most recognized of traditional Italian music. The specific dance name varies with every region, for instance...
s in major celebrations to the smallest parties and the Cuntaturi, in which bards would tell stories of rural life. It is today a widespread tradition that the Cuntaturi is chosen by the local elder from among the sharpest and most vivacious children.
Local cuisine
The local cuisine, typical of CalabriaCalabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
, reflects the agricultural and fishing industries. It is represented by simple dishes, complex pastries, and pork sausage
Sausage
A sausage is a food usually made from ground meat , mixed with salt, herbs, and other spices, although vegetarian sausages are available. The word sausage is derived from Old French saussiche, from the Latin word salsus, meaning salted.Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made...
s. Typical dishes include:
Peasants' cuisine
- Coria (or Frittule) 'ccu fasuli e cipulle: pork skin with beans and red onions.
- Frittata i Carunevale: on Mardi GrasMardi GrasThe terms "Mardi Gras" , "Mardi Gras season", and "Carnival season", in English, refer to events of the Carnival celebrations, beginning on or after Epiphany and culminating on the day before Ash Wednesday...
, every local family prepares a spaghettiSpaghettiSpaghetti is a long, thin, cylindrical pasta of Italian origin. Spaghetti is made of semolina or flour and water. Italian dried spaghetti is made from durum wheat semolina, but outside of Italy it may be made with other kinds of flour...
omelette with fresh ricottaRicottaRicotta is an Italian dairy product made from sheep milk whey left over from the production of cheese. Although typically referred to as ricotta cheese, ricotta is not properly a cheese because it is not produced by coagulation of casein...
cheese and sausageSausageA sausage is a food usually made from ground meat , mixed with salt, herbs, and other spices, although vegetarian sausages are available. The word sausage is derived from Old French saussiche, from the Latin word salsus, meaning salted.Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made...
s, as on the following day (Ash WednesdayAsh WednesdayAsh Wednesday, in the calendar of Western Christianity, is the first day of Lent and occurs 46 days before Easter. It is a moveable fast, falling on a different date each year because it is dependent on the date of Easter...
) LentLentIn the Christian tradition, Lent is the period of the liturgical year from Ash Wednesday to Easter. The traditional purpose of Lent is the preparation of the believer – through prayer, repentance, almsgiving and self-denial – for the annual commemoration during Holy Week of the Death and...
, meat should be avoided.
- Patate 'ccu pipe e mulinciane: chips fried with peppers and aubergineAubergineThe eggplant, aubergine, melongene, brinjal or guinea squash is a plant of the family Solanaceae and genus Solanum. It bears a fruit of the same name, commonly used in cooking...
s, sometimes including pork skin or pork cubes. - Minestra e fasuli: aromatic herbs, boiled or shallow fried, with beans, and sometimes chili pepperChili pepperChili pepper is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The term in British English and in Australia, New Zealand, India, Malaysia and other Asian countries is just chilli without pepper.Chili peppers originated in the Americas...
s. - Mulinciane e pummaduari: Aubergines in oil with fresh tomatoes (a refreshing dish eaten in the summer).
- Spezzatinu (Stew): pork stew with roast potatoes and tomato sauceTomato sauceA tomato sauce is any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish...
, typical of the patron's feast. - Pitticelle, flour flat cakes, sometimes with pumpkin flowers, courgettes, or olives.
Seafood
- Pasta 'mbiancu e baccalàBaccalàBaccalà is Venetian Language for salt cod. Most baccalà dishes require that the fish be soaked numerous times to remove excess saltiness...
: pasta with baccalà boiled and dressed with olive oilOlive oilOlive oil is an oil obtained from the olive , a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps...
, typical of the holy celebrations when meat is banned, such as AdventAdventAdvent is a season observed in many Western Christian churches, a time of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. It is the beginning of the Western liturgical year and commences on Advent Sunday, called Levavi...
, ChristmasChristmasChristmas or Christmas Day is an annual holiday generally celebrated on December 25 by billions of people around the world. It is a Christian feast that commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ, liturgically closing the Advent season and initiating the season of Christmastide, which lasts twelve days...
, Ash WednesdayAsh WednesdayAsh Wednesday, in the calendar of Western Christianity, is the first day of Lent and occurs 46 days before Easter. It is a moveable fast, falling on a different date each year because it is dependent on the date of Easter...
or PentecostPentecostPentecost is a prominent feast in the calendar of Ancient Israel celebrating the giving of the Law on Sinai, and also later in the Christian liturgical year commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples of Christ after the Resurrection of Jesus...
. - Baccalà e patate vullute: baccalà boiled in tomato sauce, with large cubed potatoes.
- Alici fritte: small anchoviesAnchovyAnchovies are a family of small, common salt-water forage fish. There are 144 species in 17 genera, found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Anchovies are usually classified as an oily fish.-Description:...
fried in oil and dressed with lemonLemonThe lemon is both a small evergreen tree native to Asia, and the tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit. The fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world – primarily for its juice, though the pulp and rind are also used, mainly in cooking and baking...
or orangeOrange (fruit)An orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus Citrus × sinensis and its fruit. It is the most commonly grown tree fruit in the world....
s. - Alici sutt'uaglio: anchovies in oil, eaten with bread, oreganoOreganoOregano – scientifically named Origanum vulgare by Carolus Linnaeus – is a common species of Origanum, a genus of the mint family . It is native to warm-temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region.Oregano is a perennial herb, growing from 20–80 cm tall,...
and sun-dried tomatoes. - Alici 'mpipate: anchovies in peppers and chili sauceHot sauceHot sauce, chili sauce or pepper sauce refers to any spicy sauce made from chili peppers and other ingredients.-Ingredients:There are many recipes for hot sauces - the common ingredient being any kind of peppers. A group of chemicals called capsaicinoids are responsible for the heat in chili peppers...
, eaten with bread.
Cakes
- Cuzzupa: typical EasterEasterEaster is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year. According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated on Easter Day or Easter Sunday...
cake, usually with an eggEgg (food)Eggs are laid by females of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and have probably been eaten by mankind for millennia. Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen , and vitellus , contained within various thin membranes...
in the middle. - Bucchinotti o Buccunotti: a typical Calabrese cake, with grape jam or cocoa and raisins.
- Pani i castagna: similar to castagnaccio, but smaller and thicker, with pine nutPine nutPine nuts are the edible seeds of pines . About 20 species of pine produce seeds large enough to be worth harvesting; in other pines the seeds are also edible, but are too small to be of great value as a human food....
s, raisins, walnutWalnutJuglans is a plant genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are known as walnuts. They are deciduous trees, 10–40 meters tall , with pinnate leaves 200–900 millimetres long , with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnuts , but not the hickories...
s and hazelnutHazelnutA hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and is also known as a cob nut or filbert nut according to species. A cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 mm long and 10–15 mm in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell. A filbert is more elongated, being about twice...
s. - Turdilli: fried, typical of Christmas time, with a spiral shape and immersed in honeyHoneyHoney is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers. The variety produced by honey bees is the one most commonly referred to and is the type of honey collected by beekeepers and consumed by humans...
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Wine
Notable local wines cultivated in the region include the tintos, as a basis of the food camporesa. The most appreciated varieties are 'Savuto' and 'Gallo'.Famous and notable Camporeses
- Angelo Vadacchino, partisan, peasant and political activistActivismActivism consists of intentional efforts to bring about social, political, economic, or environmental change. Activism can take a wide range of forms from writing letters to newspapers or politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing...
, called by the camporeses "Mastr'Angelo", (1890–1976). - Fabrizio FilippoFab Filippo-Personal life:Filippo, who also goes by the name of Fab Filippo, was born in Toronto, Canada. His parents are first generation Italian immigrants . He briefly attended York University's Film & Video Programme in 1993...
, Canadian-American actor and screenwriter. - Fabián Mazzei, Argentinean Spanish actor and screenwriter, know also as Horatio in television "Un Paso Adelante", the parents were Hamlet Marinella.