List of state leaders in 1485
Encyclopedia
1484 state leaders - Events of 1485 - 1486 state leaders - State leaders by year
Africa
- Benin EmpireBenin EmpireThe Benin Empire was a pre-colonial African state in what is now modern Nigeria. It is not to be confused with the modern-day country called Benin, formerly called Dahomey.-Origin:...
- OzoluaOzoluaOzolua , originally called Okpame, was an Oba of the Kingdom of Benin.During Ozolua's reign, Benin's armies successfully attacked the Kingdom of Owo. While historical accounts of the battle differ, the end result left Owo with its independence while still requiring that it pay tribute to Benin....
, Oba of BeninOba of BeninThe Oba of Benin, or Omo N'Oba, is both the oba of the Edo people and the pretender to the defunct title of the king of the Benin Kingdom...
(1480–1504) - Bornu EmpireBornu EmpireThe Bornu Empire was an African state of Nigeria from 1396 to 1893. It was a continuation of the great Kanem Empire founded centuries earlier by the Sayfawa Dynasty...
- Ali GaziAli GaziAli Gazi was a ruler of the Bornu Empire. Prior to his reign, the Sefuwa ruling house had split into two ruling branches. The result was palace intrigues and internal strife...
, Mai of BornuSayfawa dynastySayfawa dynasty or more properly Sefuwa dynasty is the name of the kings of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, centered first in Kanem in western Chad, and then, after 1380, in Borno ....
(1465–1497) - BugandaBugandaBuganda is a subnational kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Ganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda, comprising all of Uganda's Central Region, including the Ugandan capital Kampala, with the exception of the disputed eastern Kayunga District...
- KiggalaKiggala of BugandaKiggala Sewannaku Mukaabya Kasungubu was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda. He reigned from 1434 until 1464 and from 1484 until 1494. He was the fifth Kabaka of Buganda.-Claim to the throne:...
, Kabaka of BugandaKabaka of BugandaKabaka is the title of the king of the Kingdom of Buganda. According to the traditions of the Baganda they are ruled by two kings, one spiritual and the other material....
(1474–1501) - Empire of Ethiopia - EskenderEskenderEskender was of Ethiopia , and a member of the Solomonic dynasty...
(1478–1494)- Adal SultanateAdal SultanateThe Adal Sultanate or the Kingdom of Adal was a medieval multi-ethnic Muslim state located in the Horn of Africa.-Overview:...
- Shams ad-Din ibn MuhammadShams ad-Din ibn MuhammadShams ad-Din ibn Muhammad was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and a son of Muhammad ibn Badlay.-Reign:During Shams ad-Din's reign, an army of the Emperor of Ethiopia Eskender invaded Adal and seized Dakkar, destroying houses and places of worship; however, on its return home the Adal forces...
(1472–1488)
- Adal Sultanate
- Kingdom of KongoKingdom of KongoThe Kingdom of Kongo was an African kingdom located in west central Africa in what are now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
- João IJoão I of KongoJoão I of Kongo, alias Nzinga a Nkuwu or Nkuwu Nzinga, was ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo between 1470–1506. He was baptized as João in 3 May 1491 by Portuguese missionaries.-Early reign:...
, ManikongoManikongoThe Manikongo or MweneKongo was the title of the rulers of the Kingdom of Kongo, a kingdom that existed from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries and consisted of land in present-day Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo...
(1470–1509) - Mali EmpireMali EmpireThe Mali Empire or Mandingo Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I...
- Mahmud IIMahmud II (mansa)Mansa Mahmud II, also known as Mamadou, was mansa of the Mali Empire from 1481 to 1496.Mansa Mahmud II’s rule was characterized by more losses to Mali’s old possessions and increased contact between Mali and Portuguese explorers along the coast...
, Mansa of MaliKeita DynastyThe Keita Dynasty ruled pre-Imperial and Imperial Mali from the 12th century into the early 17th century. It was a Muslim Dynasty, and its rulers claimed descent from Bilal. Bilal was a freed slave who accepted Islam and became one of the Sahabas of the Prophet Muhammad. Bilal bears the...
(1481–1496) - Mutapa Kingdom - Mukombero Nyahuma, Mwenemutapa (1480–1490)
- Kingdom of NriKingdom of NriThe Kingdom of Nri was the West African medieval state of the Nri-Igbo, a subgroup of the Igbo people, and is the oldest kingdom in Nigeria. The Kingdom of Nri was unusual in the history of world government in that its leader exercised no military power over his subjects...
- Anyamata, Eze Nri (1465–1511) - RwandaRwandaRwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
- Cyirima I, King of Rwanda (1482–1506) - Songhai EmpireSonghai EmpireThe Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire, was a state located in western Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. This empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai. Its capital was the city...
- Sunni Ali (1464–1492) - Wolof Empire - Tase Daagulen, Buur-ba Jolof (1481–1488)
Americas
- Aztec EmpireAztecThe Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.Aztec is the...
- TízocTízocTizocic or Tizocicatzin , usually known in English as Tizoc, was the seventh tlatoani of Tenochtitlan.-Biography:...
(1481–1486) - Inca EmpireInca EmpireThe Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century...
- TupacTupac Inca YupanquiTopa Inca Yupanqui , translated as "noble Inca accountant," was the tenth Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire, and fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac. Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca....
(1471–1493) - Texcoco - NezahualpilliNezahualpilliNezahualpilli was ruler of the Mesoamerican city-state of Texcoco, elected by the city's nobility after the death of his father, Nezahualcoyotl, in 1472....
, King of Texcoco (1472–1515)
Asia
- Ahom KingdomAhom kingdomThe Ahom Kingdom was a medieval kingdom in the Brahmaputra valley in Assam that maintained its sovereignty for nearly 600 years and successfully resisted Mughal expansion in North-East India...
- Susenphaa (1439–1488) - ArakanRakhine StateRakhine State is a Burmese state. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State in the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region in the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between...
- Daulya, King of Arakan (1482–1492) - Ava KingdomAva KingdomThe Ava Kingdom was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma from 1364 to 1555. Founded in 1364, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of Pagan Empire in the late 13th century...
(Burma) - Minhkaung II (1481–1502) - Ayutthaya KingdomAyutthaya kingdomAyutthaya was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767. Ayutthaya was friendly towards foreign traders, including the Chinese, Vietnamese , Indians, Japanese and Persians, and later the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French, permitting them to set up villages outside the walls of the...
(Siam) - Boromma Trailokanat (1448–1488) - Bahmani SultanateBahmani SultanateThe Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms...
- Muhammad Shah IV (1482–1518) - Sultanate of BengalSultanate of BengalThe Sultanate of Bengal was a state that existed from the 14th through the 16th centuries. It was eventually absorbed into the Mughal fold. The Sultanate was ruled by a series of dynasties with both local and foreign origins.-Origins:...
- Jalaluddin Fateh ShahJalaluddin Fateh ShahJalaluddin Fateh Shah was the last ruler of later Ilyas dynasty of Bengal. He was the brother and successor of Sultan Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah.-History:...
(1481–1486) - CambodiaCambodiaCambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
- Dharmara Jadhiraja, King of CambodiaKing of CambodiaThe King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
(1444–1486) - Chiang MaiChiang MaiChiang Mai sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. It is the capital of Chiang Mai Province , a former capital of the Kingdom of Lanna and was the tributary Kingdom of Chiang Mai from 1774 until 1939. It is...
- Tilokaraja, King of Chiang Mai (1441–1487) - China (Ming DynastyMing DynastyThe Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
) - Chenghua EmperorChenghua EmperorThe Chenghua Emperor was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1464 and 1487. His era name means "Accomplished change".-Childhood:Born Zhu Jianshen, he was the Zhengtong Emperor's son. He was only 2 years old when his father, the Zhengtong emperor, was captured by the Oirat Mongols and...
(1464–1487) - Sultanate of Gujarat - Mahmud Shah I (1458–1511)
- Hanthawaddy KingdomHanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom was the dominant kingdom that ruled lower Burma from 1287 to 1539. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramannadesa by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of Sukhothai Kingdom, and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty...
- DhammazediDhammazediDhammazedi was the 16th king of Hanthawaddy, who reigned from 1472 to 1492, and is considered one of the most enlightened rulers in Burmese history, and by some accounts "the greatest" of all Hanthawaddy kings. The former Buddhist monk, educated in the rival kingdom of Ava in his youth, was a...
(1472–1492) - Jaffna KingdomJaffna KingdomThe Jaffna kingdom , also known as Kingdom of Aryacakravarti, of modern northern Sri Lanka was a historic monarchy that came into existence around the town of Jaffna on the Jaffna peninsula after the invasion of Magha, who is said to have been from Kalinga, in India...
- Singai PararasasegaramSingai PararasasegaramSingai Pararasasegaram , apart from Cankili I , was one of the most well known kings of the later Aryacakravarti kings of the Jaffna kingdom. He was also Cankili's father.-Biography:...
(1478–1519) - Japan (Muromachi period)Muromachi periodThe is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate, which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi shogun, Ashikaga Takauji, two years after the brief Kemmu restoration of imperial...
- Monarch - Emperor Go-TsuchimikadoEmperor Go-Tsuchimikadowas the 103rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1464 through 1500....
(1464–1500) - ShogunShogunA was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
(AshikagaAshikaga shogunateThe , also known as the , was a Japanese feudal military regime, ruled by the shoguns of the Ashikaga clan.This period is also known as the Muromachi period and gets its name from Muromachi Street of Kyoto where the third shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence...
) - Ashikaga YoshihisaAshikaga Yoshihisawas the 9th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1473 to 1489 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshihisa was the son of the eighth shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa....
(1473–1489)
- Monarch - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
- KashmirKashmirKashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
- Hasan, Sultan of Kashmir (1471–1489) - Kazakh KhanateKazakh KhanateKazakh Khanate was a Kazakh state that existed in 1456-1847, located roughly on the territory of present-day Republic of Kazakhstan.-History:...
- Buryndyq Khan (1480–1511) - Sultanate of Kedah - Mohammed Jiwa Zainal al-Abidin I (1472–1506)
- Korea (Joseon Dynasty)Joseon DynastyJoseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
- Seongjong (1469–1494) - Kotte Kingdom - Parakramabahu VIII (1484–1508)
- LadakhLadakhLadakh is a region of Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state of the Republic of India. It lies between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent...
- Lhachen BhaganBhaganLhachen Bhagan was a Basgo king who united Ladakh in 1470 by overthrowing the king of Leh. He took on the surname Namgyal and founded a new dynasty which still survives today....
, King of Ladakh (1470–1500) - Lan XangLan XangThe Lao kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Kao was established in 1354 by Fa Ngum.Exiled as an infant to Cambodia, Prince Fa Ngum of Xieng Dong Xieng Thong married a daughter of the Khmer king. In 1349 he set out from Angkor at the head of a 10,000-man army to establish his own country...
(VientianeVientiane-Geography:Vientiane is situated on a bend of the Mekong river, which forms the border with Thailand at this point.-Climate:Vientiane features a tropical wet and dry climate with a distinct monsoon season and a dry season. Vientiane’s dry season spans from November through March. April marks the...
) -- Suvarna Banlang, King of Lan Xang (1479–1485)
- Laasaenthai BouvanaatLaasaenthai BouvanaatLaasaenthai Bouvanaat was the king of Lan Xang from 1485 until 1495. Succeeded his older brother King Suvarna BanlangLaasaenthai the six son of King Sai Tia Kaphut, Governor of Nongkai before his accession. Succeeded on the death of his childless elder brother, 1486. Crowned in 1491...
, King of Lan Xang (1485–1495)
- Majapahit - Brawijaya VI, Raja of Majapahit (1478–1498)
- Sultanate of Malacca - Alauddin Riayat Shah (1477–1488)
- MaldivesMaldivesThe Maldives , , officially Republic of Maldives , also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and...
-- Hassan VHassan V of the MaldivesSultan Hassan V Sri raadha Aanandha Maha Radhun was the sultan of the sultanate of Maldives. He ascended to the lion throne of Maldives after the death of his father, Sultan Omar of the Maldives in 1484. His rule was short and ended upon his death in 1485....
, Sultan of the Maldives (1484–1485) - Hassan IVHassan IV of the MaldivesSultan Hassan IV was the sultan of the Maldives from 1480 to 1481. He was the son of Sultan Muhammed and Queen Golhaavehi rani kilege. Just one month after his succession to the lion throne of Maldives, he was deposed by Omar , one of his relatives....
, Sultan of the Maldives (1485–1491)
- Hassan V
- Malwa SultanateMalwa SultanateThe Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval independent kingdom in the Malwa region of the present day Madhya Pradesh state in India in 1392–1562.-History:For earlier history, see article Malwa....
- (1469–1500) - MoghulistanMoghulistanMoghulistan or Mughalistan is a historical geographic unit in Central Asia that included parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang...
- Yunus KhanYunus KhanYunus Khan , was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali , of the contemporary Chinese records.- Background and Family :...
, Moghul KhanChagatai KhansThe Chagatai Khans were the heads of the Chagatai ulus from Chagatai Khan's inheritance of the state in 1227 to their removal from power by the Dzungars and their vassals in 1687...
(1462–1487) - Mysore - Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II, King of Mysore (1478–1513)
- Sultanate of Pahang - Mansur I (1475–1519)
- Ryūkyū KingdomRyukyu KingdomThe Ryūkyū Kingdom was an independent kingdom which ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 15th century to the 19th century. The Kings of Ryūkyū unified Okinawa Island and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands in modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture, and the Sakishima Islands near Taiwan...
- Shō ShinSho Shin' was a king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, the third of the line of the Second Shō Dynasty. Shō Shin's long reign has been described as "the Great Days of Chūzan", a period of great peace and relative prosperity. He was the son of Shō En, the founder of the dynasty, by Yosoidon, Shō En's second wife,...
(1477–1526) - Siberian Khanate - Ibak KhanIbak KhanIbak Khan was a Shaybanid khan of Sibir about whom the sources are contradictory. He is also called Abak, Ivak, Ibaq, Khan of Tyumen, and Said Ibrakhim Khan....
(1464–1495) - Sultanate of Sulu - Kamal ud-Din (1480–1505)
- Vietnam (Đại Việt) - Lê Thánh TôngLê Thánh TôngLê Thánh Tông was emperor of Đại Việt from 1460 until his death. He is generally regarded as one of the greatest emperors of Vietnamese history and the Vietnamese "Hammurabi."-Early years:...
(1460–1497) - Vijayanagara EmpireVijayanagara EmpireThe Vijayanagara Empire , referred as the Kingdom of Bisnaga by the Portuguese, was an empire based in South Indian in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of the Yadava lineage. The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts...
-- Virupaksha Raya IIVirupaksha Raya IIVirupaksha Raya II was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty.Virupaksha Raya II succeeded his uncle, Mallikarjuna Raya, a corrupt and weak ruler who continually lost against the empire's enemies. Even so, Virupaksha Raya II was no more of a better ruler than his predecessor...
(1465–1485) - Praudha RayaPraudha RayaPraudha Raya was an unpopular king of Vijayanagara Empire who ruled for a very short period of time being driven out of the capital by his able commander Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya in 1485....
(1485) - Saluva Narasimha Deva RayaSaluva Narasimha Deva RayaSaluva Narasimha Deva Raya was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Saluva Dynasty. A patron of the Madhwa saint Sripadaraya, he authored the Sanskrit work Ramabhyudayam. He also patronised Kannada poet Kavi Linga....
(1485–1491)
- Virupaksha Raya II
Europe
- AndorraAndorraAndorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
-- Pere de Cardona, Bishop of Urgell and Co-Prince of Andorra (1472–1515)
- CatherineCatherine of NavarreCatherine was Queen of Navarre , duchess of Gandia, Montblanc, and Peñafiel, countess of Foix, Bigorre, and Ribagorza, and viscountess of Béarn.- Biography :...
, Queen of Navarre, Countess of Foix and Co-Princess of Andorra (1486–1516)
- Kingdom of AragonKingdom of AragonThe Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain...
- Ferdinand IIFerdinand II of AragonFerdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
(1479–1516) - Astrakhan KhanateAstrakhan KhanateThe Khanate of Astrakhan was a Tatar feudal state that appeared after the collapse of the Golden Horde. The Khanate existed in the 15th and 16th centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga river, where the contemporary city of Astrakhan/Hajji Tarkhan is now located...
- Qasim IQasim I of AstrakhanQasim I Khan was a ruler of Astrakhan Khanate, from the 1470s onwards.He was crowned after the death of his father, Mäxmüd of Astrakhan....
(1466–1490) - Duchy of BurgundyDuchy of BurgundyThe Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
-- Duke - Philip IV, the FairPhilip I of CastilePhilip I , known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, was the first Habsburg King of Castile...
(1482–1506) - Regent - Maximilian I, Holy Roman EmperorMaximilian I, Holy Roman EmperorMaximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
(1482–1594)
- Duke - Philip IV, the Fair
- Crimean KhanateCrimean KhanateCrimean Khanate, or Khanate of Crimea , was a state ruled by Crimean Tatars from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was . Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...
- Meñli I GirayMeñli I GirayMeñli I Giray , also spelled as Mengli I Giray, was a khan of the Crimean Khanate and the sixth son of the khanate founder Haci I Giray....
(1478–1515) - Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - John IJohn I of DenmarkJohn, also known as Hans; né Johannes was King of Denmark , Norway and as John II of Sweden in the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein...
(1481–1513) - Kingdom of EnglandKingdom of EnglandThe Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
- Richard IIIRichard III of EnglandRichard III was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty...
(1483–1485) (overthrown) - Henry VIIHenry VII of EnglandHenry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
(1485–1509)
- Richard III
- Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio - Ercole d'Este IErcole d'Este IErcole I d'Este was Duke of Ferrara from 1471 until 1505. He was a member of the house of Este. He was nicknamed North Wind and the Diamond.-Biography:...
(1471–1505) - FlorenceFlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
- Lorenzo the MagnificentLorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets...
(1469–1492) - Kingdom of FranceKingdom of FranceThe Kingdom of France was one of the most powerful states to exist in Europe during the second millennium.It originated from the Western portion of the Frankish empire, and consolidated significant power and influence over the next thousand years. Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, developed a...
- Monarch - Charles VIIICharles VIII of FranceCharles VIII, called the Affable, , was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles was a member of the House of Valois...
(1483–1498) - Regents - Anne de Beaujeu and Peter II, Duke of BourbonPeter II, Duke of BourbonPeter II, Duke of Bourbon was the son of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon and Agnes of Burgundy, and a member of the House of Bourbon...
- Monarch - Charles VIII
- Kingdom of GeorgiaKingdom of GeorgiaThe Kingdom of Georgia was a medieval monarchy established in AD 978 by Bagrat III.It flourished during the 11th and 12th centuries, the so-called "golden age" of the history of Georgia. It fell to the Mongol invasions of the 13th century, but managed to re-assert sovereignty by 1327...
- Constantine IIConstantine II of GeorgiaConstantine II , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Georgia since 1478. Early in the 1490s, he had to recognise the independence of his rival rulers of Imereti and Kakheti, and to confine his power to Kartli....
(1478–1505)- Kingdom of ImeretiKingdom of ImeretiThe Kingdom of Imereti was established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagration when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. Before that time, Imereti was considered a separate kingdom within the Kingdom of Georgia, to which a cadet branch of the Bagration royal family held...
- Alexander IIAlexander II of ImeretiAlexander II was a king of Georgia in 1478 and of Imereti from 1483 to 1510.In 1478, his father Bagrat VI died and Alexander became king of Georgia, initially ruling its two major regions, Imereti in the west and Kartli in the east. Alexander was expelled from the kingdom by a rival prince...
(1483–1510) - Kingdom of KakhetiKingdom of KakhetiThe Kingdom of Kakheti was a late medieval/early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Gremi and then at Telavi...
- Alexander IAlexander I of KakhetiAlexander I , of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1476 to 1511. Alexander's pliancy and flexible diplomacy earned him security from the neighboring powers, only to be murdered by his own son George II "the Bad".- Biography :Alexander was appointed by his father...
(1476–1511)
- Kingdom of Imereti
- Sultanate of Granada -
- Abu l-Hasan Ali (1483–1485)
- Abū `Abd Allāh Muhammed XIIIMuhammed XIII, Sultan of GranadaAbū `Abd Allāh Muhammad az-Zaghall was the twenty-third Nasrid ruler of Granada in Iberia. Christians called him Muhammed XIII el Zagal.-Life:...
(1485–1486)
- Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
- Frederick IIIFrederick III, Holy Roman EmperorFrederick the Peaceful KG was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452...
(1452–1493)- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau -
- Ernest IErnest I, Prince of Anhalt-DessauErnest I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1516) - George IIGeorge II, Prince of Anhalt-DessauGeorge II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1509) - Rudolph IVRudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-DessauRudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1510)
- Ernest I
- Anhalt-KöthenAnhalt-KöthenAnhalt-Köthen has existed on two separate occasions. The first state was created in 1396 when the Anhalt-Zerbst was partitioned between Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen. The first creation lasted until 1552 when it was inherited by Anhalt-Dessau....
- Waldemar VIWaldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-KöthenWaldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen....
, Prince of Anhalt-KöthenAnhalt-KöthenAnhalt-Köthen has existed on two separate occasions. The first state was created in 1396 when the Anhalt-Zerbst was partitioned between Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen. The first creation lasted until 1552 when it was inherited by Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1508) - Margraviate of Baden-Baden - Christopher IChristopher I, Margrave of Baden-BadenChristopher I of Baden was a Margrave of Baden-Baden in 1475–1515.Christopher was the eldest son of Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Katharina of Austria, a sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. He built the New Castle and moved there in 1479. In 1515 he divided his possessions...
(1475–1515) - Bavaria-Dachau - Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria-Dachau (1467–1501)
- Bavaria-LandshutBavaria-Landshut-History:The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided up Louis's empire, his sons Stephen, William, and Albert were to receive jointly Lower Bavaria and the Netherlands. Four years later the inheritance was...
- George, Duke of Bavaria-LandshutBavaria-Landshut-History:The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided up Louis's empire, his sons Stephen, William, and Albert were to receive jointly Lower Bavaria and the Netherlands. Four years later the inheritance was...
(1479–1503) - Bavaria-MunichBavaria-Munich-History:After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept...
- Albert IVAlbert IV, Duke of BavariaDuke Albert IV of Bavaria-Munich , , from 1467 Duke of Bavaria-Munich, from 1503 Duke of the reunited Bavaria.-Biography:...
, Duke of Bavaria-MunichBavaria-Munich-History:After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept...
(1465–1504) - County of Bentheim-Bentheim - Eberwin (1473–1530)
- County of Bentheim-Lingen - Otto (1450–1508)
- County of Bentheim-Steinfurt - Eberwin II (1466–1498)
- County of Bentheim-Tecklenburg - Nicholas III (1450–1493)
- Kingdom of BohemiaKingdom of BohemiaThe Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
- Ladislaus II (1471–1516) - Electorate of Brandenburg - Albert III Achilles {1470–1486}
- Duchy of Brunswick-Grubenhagen - Henry IVHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenDuke Henry IV of Brunswick Grubenhagen was a member of the Guelph dynasty and was Prince of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.- Life :...
(1464–1526) - Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg - Henry VII (1471–1521)
- Duchy of BurgundyDuchy of BurgundyThe Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
- Philip IV, Duke and Free Count of Burgundy (1482–1506) - Duchy of CieszynDuchy of CieszynThe Duchy of Cieszyn or Duchy of Teschen or Duchy of Těšín was an autonomous Silesian duchy centered on Teschen in Upper Silesia. After the feudal division of Poland it was split off in 1281 and ruled by Silesian dukes from the Piast dynasty since 1290...
- Kazimierz II (1477–1528) - Duchy of ClevesDuchy of ClevesThe Duchy of Cleves was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the town of Wesel, bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west...
- John IIJohn II, Duke of ClevesJohn II, "The Pious" or "The Babymaker", Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark, was a son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers. He ruled Cleves from 1481 to his death in 1521...
(1481–1521) - FürstenbergFürstenbergFürstenberg and can refer to the following.- Historical states :* Fürstenberg , county * Fürstenberg-Baar, county * Fürstenberg-Blumberg, county...
- Henry IX, Count of FürstenbergFürstenbergFürstenberg and can refer to the following.- Historical states :* Fürstenberg , county * Fürstenberg-Baar, county * Fürstenberg-Blumberg, county...
(1484–1499) - GuastallaGuastallaGuastalla is a town and comune in the province of Reggio Emilia in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.-Geography:Guastalla is situated in the Po Valley, and lies on the banks of the Po River...
- Cristoforo Torelli, Count of Guastalla (1449–1490) - Hanau-Babenhausen - Philip II, Count of Hanau-Babenhausen (1480–1504)
- Hanau-Münzenberg - Philip I, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1452–1500)
- Hesse-KasselHesse-KasselThe Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...
(or Hesse-Cassel) -- William I, Landgrave of Hesse-KasselHesse-KasselThe Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...
(1471–1500) - William II, Landgrave of Hesse-KasselHesse-KasselThe Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...
(1471–1500)
- William I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
- Hesse-MarburgHesse-MarburgThe Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485 and 1500, and between 1567 and 1604/1650....
- William III, Landgrave of Hesse-MarburgHesse-MarburgThe Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485 and 1500, and between 1567 and 1604/1650....
(1483–1500) - Hohenlohe-Neuenstein - Kraft VII, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1472–1503)
- Hohenzollern - Jobst Nikolaus I, Count of HohenzollernHouse of HohenzollernThe House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...
(1439–1488) - HolsteinHolsteinHolstein is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany....
- JohnJohn I of DenmarkJohn, also known as Hans; né Johannes was King of Denmark , Norway and as John II of Sweden in the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein...
, King of Denmark, Count of Holstein (1481–1513) - Isenburg-BüdingenIsenburg-BüdingenIsenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located in Büdingen. There were two different Counties of the same name. The first was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg, and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511. The second was a partition of...
- Louis II, Count of Isenburg in BüdingenIsenburg-BüdingenIsenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located in Büdingen. There were two different Counties of the same name. The first was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg, and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511. The second was a partition of...
(1461–1511) - Jülich-Berg - William IVWilliam IV, Duke of Jülich-BergWilliam IV of Jülich-Berg was the last ruler of the Duchy of Jülich-Berg.- Life :William was the son of Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg and Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg. When his father died in 1475, William became Duke of Jülich-Berg.He married the rich Countess Elisabeth of Nassau-Saarbrücken in...
, Duke of Jülich-Berg (1475–1511) - Leiningen-Rickingen -
- Herman, Count of Leiningen-Rickingen (1473–1506)
- Wecker, Count of Leiningen-Rickingen (1473–1499)
- Leiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-Westerburg was an historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the vicinity of Leiningen and Westerburg in what is now the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate....
- Reinhard V, Count of Leiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-Westerburg was an historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the vicinity of Leiningen and Westerburg in what is now the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate....
(1481–1522) - Limburg-Styrum - John III, Count of Limburg-Styrum (1473–1510)
- LippeLippeLippe is a Kreis in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe....
- Bernard VII, Lord of LippeLippeLippe is a Kreis in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe....
(1432–1511) - Duchy of Lorraine - René IIRené II, Duke of LorraineRené II was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508...
, Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1473–1508) - LöwensteinLöwensteinLöwenstein is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was first mentioned in 1123. The castle of Löwenstein served as a residence for the counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim. In 1634 the castle was destroyed by the imperial forces....
- Louis I, Count of LöwensteinLöwensteinLöwenstein is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was first mentioned in 1123. The castle of Löwenstein served as a residence for the counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim. In 1634 the castle was destroyed by the imperial forces....
(1476–1524) - Mansfeld-Querfurt, 2nd Line - Volrad II, Count of Mansfeld-Querfurt, 2nd Line (1450–1499)
- Günther IV, Count of Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort (1484–1526)
- Ernest II, Count of Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort (1484–1531)
- Hoyer IV, Count of Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort (1484–1540)
- Duchy of Mecklenburg
- Mangus II (1483–1503)
- BalthasarBalthasar, Duke of MecklenburgBalthasar of Mecklenburg was Duke of Mecklenburg, Coadjutor and administrator of the Diocese of Hildesheim and the Diocese of Schwerin from 1474 to 1479....
(1483–1507)
- Nassau-Beilstein - Henry IV, Count of Nassau-Beilstein (1477–1499)
- Nassau-Dillenburg -
- Engelbert II, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1475–1504)
- John V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1475–1516)
- Nassau-Idstein - Philip, Count of Nassau-Idstein (1480–1509)
- Nassau-SaarbrückenNassau-SaarbrückenNassau-Saarbrücken was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Upper Rhenish Circle. It belonged to the Walram branch of the House of Nassau.-County of Saarbrücken:...
- John Louis, Count of Nassau-SaarbrückenNassau-SaarbrückenNassau-Saarbrücken was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Upper Rhenish Circle. It belonged to the Walram branch of the House of Nassau.-County of Saarbrücken:...
(1472–1545) - Nassau-Weilburg - Louis I, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1480–1523)
- Nassau-Wiesbaden - Adolph III, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden (1480–1509)
- County of Oldenburg -
- Gerhard II (1483–1512)
- John IV (1483–1526)
- Adolph (1483–1500)
- Principality of OrangePrincipality of OrangeThe Principality of Orange was a feudal state in Provence, in the south of modern-day France, on the left bank of the River Rhone north of the city of Avignon....
- John II (1482–1502) - Palatinate-MosbachPalatinate-MosbachPalatinate-Mosbach was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Mosbach and Eberbach in the north of modern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Palatinate-Mosbach was created in 1410 out of the partition of the Palatinate after the death of King Rupert III for his son Otto...
- Otto II, Count Palatine of MosbachPalatinate-MosbachPalatinate-Mosbach was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Mosbach and Eberbach in the north of modern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Palatinate-Mosbach was created in 1410 out of the partition of the Palatinate after the death of King Rupert III for his son Otto...
(1461–1499) - Palatinate-SimmernPalatinate-SimmernPalatinate-Simmern was one of the collateral lines of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach.The Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach was divided into four lines after the death of Rupert III in 1410, including the line of Palatinate-Simmern with its capital in Simmern. This line...
- John I, Count Palatine of SimmernPalatinate-SimmernPalatinate-Simmern was one of the collateral lines of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach.The Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach was divided into four lines after the death of Rupert III in 1410, including the line of Palatinate-Simmern with its capital in Simmern. This line...
(1480–1509) - Electoral Palatinate - PhilipPhilip, Elector PalatinePhilip the Upright, Elector Palatine of the Rhine was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach from 1476 to 1508....
(1476–1508) - Reuss-Greiz -
- Henry I, Bailiff of Reuss-Greiz (1475–1502)
- Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-Greiz (1475–1528)
- Henry III, Bailiff of Reuss-Greiz (1475–1535)
- Reuss-LobensteinReuss-LobensteinReuss-Lobenstein was a state located in the German part of the Holy Roman Empire. The members of Reuss-Lobenstein family belonged to the Reuss Junior Line. Reuss-Lobenstein has existed on two different occasions, it was firstly created in 1425 as a lordship with Heinrich II, Lord of...
- Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-LobensteinReuss-LobensteinReuss-Lobenstein was a state located in the German part of the Holy Roman Empire. The members of Reuss-Lobenstein family belonged to the Reuss Junior Line. Reuss-Lobenstein has existed on two different occasions, it was firstly created in 1425 as a lordship with Heinrich II, Lord of...
(1482–1500) - Reuss-Plauen - Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-Plauen (1482–1520)
- Reuss-Weida - Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-Weida (? - 1510)
- Salm-Badenweiler - John VI, Count of Salm-Badenweiler (1451–1505)
- Salm-Blankenburg - Louis (1443–1503)
- Salm-Reifferscheid - Peter, Count of Salm-Reifferscheid (1479–1505)
- Duchy of SavoyDuchy of SavoyFrom 1416 to 1847, the House of Savoy ruled the eponymous Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France. It was a continuation of the County of Savoy...
- Charles I (1468–1490) - Electorate of SaxonyElectorate of SaxonyThe Electorate of Saxony , sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356...
- ErnestErnest, Elector of SaxonyErnst, Elector of Saxony was Elector of Saxony from 1464 to 1486.-Biography:Ernst was founder of the Ernestine line of Saxon princes, ancestor of George I of Great Britain, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, as well as his wife and cousin Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and their...
{1464–1486} - Duchy of SaxonyDuchy of SaxonyThe medieval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian stem duchy" covering the greater part of Northern Germany. It covered the area of the modern German states of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt and most of Schleswig-Holstein...
Albertinian Line - AlbertAlbert, Duke of SaxonyAlbert III was a Duke of Saxony. He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the Albertine line of the House of Wettin....
(1485–1500) - Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg -
- John I, Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-PinnebergCounts of Schauenburg and HolsteinThe Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein were titles of the Holy Roman Empire. The dynastic family came from Schauenburg near Rinteln on the Weser in Germany...
(1464/1498–1527) - Anthony, Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-PinnebergCounts of Schauenburg and HolsteinThe Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein were titles of the Holy Roman Empire. The dynastic family came from Schauenburg near Rinteln on the Weser in Germany...
(1474–1526)
- John I, Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg
- Schwarzburg-Leutenberg - Balthasar II, Count of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg (1463–1525)
- Solms-BraunfelsSolms-BraunfelsSolms-Braunfels was a County in what is today the federal Land of Hesse in Germany.Solms-Braunfels was a partition of Solms, and was raised to a Principality in 1742. Solms-Braunfels was partitioned between: itself and Solms-Ottenstein in 1325; itself and Solms-Lich in 1409; and itself,...
- Otto II, Count of Solms-BraunfelsSolms-BraunfelsSolms-Braunfels was a County in what is today the federal Land of Hesse in Germany.Solms-Braunfels was a partition of Solms, and was raised to a Principality in 1742. Solms-Braunfels was partitioned between: itself and Solms-Ottenstein in 1325; itself and Solms-Lich in 1409; and itself,...
(1459–1504) - Solms-Lich - Philip, Count of Solms-Lich (1477–1544)
- StolbergStolberg- Towns in Germany :* Stolberg, Saxony-Anhalt in the district of Sangerhausen in Saxony-Anhalt, seat of the counts of Stolberg* Stolberg in the district of Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia, part of the Duchy of Jülich until 1794, awarded to Prussia in 1815* Stollberg, in the Erzgebirgskreis in the...
- Henry XIX, Count of StolbergStolberg- Towns in Germany :* Stolberg, Saxony-Anhalt in the district of Sangerhausen in Saxony-Anhalt, seat of the counts of Stolberg* Stolberg in the district of Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia, part of the Duchy of Jülich until 1794, awarded to Prussia in 1815* Stollberg, in the Erzgebirgskreis in the...
(1455–1511) - Upper Salm - John V, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Upper SalmSalm (state)Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France.-Origins:The County of Salm arose in the 10th century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium...
(1475–1495) - Waldeck-Eisenberg - Philip II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1475–1524)
- Waldeck-Wildungen - Henry VIII, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1475–1513)
- Wertheim-Freudenberg - Asmus, Count of Wertheim-Freudenberg (1482–1509)
- Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg -
- Simon VI Wecker, Count of Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg (1464–1499)
- Simon VII Wecker, Count of Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg (1464–1504)
- Zweibrücken-Ochsenstein - Henry II, Count of Zweibrücken-Ochsenstein (1453–1499)
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau -
- Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
- Matthias CorvinusMatthias Corvinus of HungaryMatthias Corvinus , also called the Just in folk tales, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458, at the age of 14 until his death...
(1458–1490) - Ireland -
- AirgíallaAirgíallaAirgíalla or Airgialla was the name of an Irish federation and Irish kingdom which first formed around the 7th century...
- Aodh Og mac Aodha Ruaidh, King of Airgialla (1485–1496) - Kingdom of BreifneKingdom of BreifneThe Kingdom of Breifne or Bréifne was the traditional territory for an early Irish tribal group known as the Uí Briúin Bréifne...
- Feidhlimidh mac Donnchadha (1476–1500) - East BreifneEast BreifneEast Breifne was an historic kingdom of Ireland roughly corresponding to County Cavan....
- Toirdhealbhach mac Seaain an Einigh, King of East BreifneEast BreifneEast Breifne was an historic kingdom of Ireland roughly corresponding to County Cavan....
(1467–1487) - Uí Maine - William mac Aedh O Cellaigh, King of Uí Maine (1476–1487)
- Síol AnmchadhaSíol AnmchadhaSíol Anmchadha was a sub-kingdom or lordship of Hy-Many, and ruled by an off-shoot of the Ui Maine called the Síol Anmchadha , from whom the territory took its name....
- Breasal mac Eoghan Ua Madadhan, Lord of Síol AnmchadhaKings of Síol AnmchadhaSiol Anmchada was a sub-kingdom or lordship of Uí Maine, in an area of the west of Ireland which is now part of Connacht. It was ruled by an off-shoot of the Ui Maine called the Síol Anmchadha , from whom the territory took its name...
(1479–1526)
- Síol Anmchadha
- LeinsterLeinsterLeinster is one of the Provinces of Ireland situated in the east of Ireland. It comprises the ancient Kingdoms of Mide, Osraige and Leinster. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the historic fifths of Leinster and Mide gradually merged, mainly due to the impact of the Pale, which straddled...
- Muircheartach mac Donnchadh MacMurrough-Kavanagh, King of LeinsterKings of LeinsterThe following is a provisional list of the kings of Leinster who ruled the Irish kingdom of Leinster up to 1632 with the death of Domhnall Spainnach MacMurrough-Kavanagh, the last legitimately inaugurated head of the MacMurrough Kavanagh royal line...
(1478–1515) - MoylurgMoylurgMagh Luirg or Magh Luirg an Dagda, Anglicised as Moylurg, was the name of a kingdom located in the north-east of Connacht, the western province of Ireland, from c.956-1585...
- Ruaidri Og McDermott, King of MoylurgKings of MoylurgThe Kings of Magh Luirg or Moylurg were a branch of the Síol Muireadaigh, and a kindred family to the Ua Conchobair Kings of Connacht. Their ancestor, Maelruanaidh Mor mac Tadg, was a brother to Conchobar mac Tadg, King of Connacht 967-973, ancestor of the O Connor family of Connacht...
(1478–1486) - ThomondThomondThomond The region of Ireland associated with the name Thomond is County Clare, County Limerick and north County Tipperary; effectively most of north Munster. The name is used by a variety of establishments and organisations located in , or associated with the region...
- Conchobhar Mór macToirdhealbhaig O'Brien, King of ThomondThomondThomond The region of Ireland associated with the name Thomond is County Clare, County Limerick and north County Tipperary; effectively most of north Munster. The name is used by a variety of establishments and organisations located in , or associated with the region...
(1466–1496) - Kingdom of Ui FailgheKingdom of Uí FailgheUí Failghe was a Gaelic-Irish kingdom, which is preserved in the name of County Offaly, Ireland.-Background:Uí Failghe may have existed as a kingdom since the early historic era, and successfully fought off encroachments by the Uí Néill, the Eóganachta, and the Normans.From the mid eleventh century...
- Cathaoir mac Cuinn (1474–1511)
- Airgíalla
- Khanate of KazanKhanate of KazanThe Khanate of Kazan was a medieval Tatar state which occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El,...
-- Möxämmädämin Ämin (1484–1485)
- Ilham, Khan of Kazan (1485–1487)
- Polish–Lithuanian union - Casimir IVCasimir IV JagiellonCasimir IV KG of the House of Jagiellon was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.Casimir was the second son of King Władysław II Jagiełło , and the younger brother of Władysław III of Varna....
, Grand Prince of Lithuania (1440–1492), King of Poland (1447–1492) - Marquisate of Mantua - Francesco II Gonzaga (1484–1519)
- Duchy of MasoviaDuchy of MasoviaThe Duchy of Masovia with its capital at Płock was a medieval duchy formed when the Polish Kingdom of the Piasts fragmented in 1138. It was located in the historic Masovian region of northeastern Poland...
- Konrad III RudyKonrad III RudyKonrad III Rudy was a Polish duke of Masovia.He reunited most of Masovia still not controlled by Kingdom of Poland, including Płock, Płońsk, Czersk, Wyszogród and Warsaw....
(1454–1503) - Duchy of MilanDuchy of MilanThe Duchy of Milan , was created on the 1st of may 1395, when Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Milan, purchased a diploma for 100,000 Florins from King Wenceslaus. It was this diploma that installed, Gian Galeazzo as Duke of Milan and Count of Pavia...
- Gian Galeazzo SforzaGian Galeazzo SforzaGian Galeazzo Sforza was the sixth Duke of Milan.Born in Abbiategrasso, he was only 7 years old when in 1476 his father, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, was assassinated and Gian Galeazzo became the Duke of Milan...
(1476–1494) - Principality of Moldavia - Stephen IIIStephen III of MoldaviaStephen III of Moldavia was Prince of Moldavia between 1457 and 1504 and the most prominent representative of the House of Mușat.During his reign, he strengthened Moldavia and maintained its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the...
(1457–1504) - MonacoMonacoMonaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
- Lamberto GrimaldiLamberto GrimaldiLamberto Grimaldi was a Lord of Monaco . He was married to his cousin Claudine Grimaldi in 1465 in order to secure the Grimaldi inheritance of Monaco which by the small state's constitution could only pass to male heirs...
(1458–1494) - March of MontferratMarch of MontferratThe March of Montferrat was frontier march of the Kingdom of Italy during the Middle Ages and state of the Holy Roman Empire...
- Boniface III (1483–1494) - Kingdom of NaplesKingdom of NaplesThe Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
- Ferdinand IFerdinand I of NaplesFerdinand I , also called Don Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494. He was the natural son of Alfonso V of Aragon by Giraldona Carlino.-Biography:...
(1458–1494) - Kingdom of NavarreKingdom of NavarreThe Kingdom of Navarre , originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either side of the Pyrenees alongside the Atlantic Ocean....
- CatherineCatherine of NavarreCatherine was Queen of Navarre , duchess of Gandia, Montblanc, and Peñafiel, countess of Foix, Bigorre, and Ribagorza, and viscountess of Béarn.- Biography :...
(1468–1518) - Duchy of the Archipelago (Naxos)Duchy of the ArchipelagoThe Duchy of the Archipelago or also Duchy of Naxos or Duchy of the Aegean was a maritime state created by Venetian interests in the Cyclades archipelago in the Aegean Sea, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, centered on the islands of Naxos and Paros.-Background and establishment of the...
- Giovanni III (1480–1494) - Ottoman (Turkish) EmpireOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
- Beyazid II (1481–1512) - Papal StatesPapal StatesThe Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
- Pope Innocent VIIIPope Innocent VIIIPope Innocent VIII , born Giovanni Battista Cybo , was Pope from 1484 until his death.-Early years:Giovanni Battista Cybo was born at Genoa of Greek extraction...
(1484–1492) - Principality of PiombinoPrincipality of PiombinoThe Principality of Piombino was a state of Italy, which existed from 1399 to 1805, when Napoleon absorbed it into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino...
- Iacopo IV AppianiIacopo IV AppianiIacopo IV Appiani was an Italian condottiero and lord of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty in the Renaissance.He was born in Piombino, the son of Iacopo III Appiani, of whom he continued the traditional alliance with the Aragonese court of Naples...
(1474–1511) - Kingdom of PortugalKingdom of PortugalThe Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
- John II of PortugalJohn II of PortugalJohn II , the Perfect Prince , was the thirteenth king of Portugal and the Algarves...
(1481–1495) - Grand Duchy of MoscowGrand Duchy of MoscowThe Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
- Ivan III the Great, Grand Duke of MuscovyIvan III of RussiaIvan III Vasilyevich , also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus"...
(1462–1505) - Ryazan PrincipalityRyazan PrincipalityThe Grand Duchy of Ryazan existed from 1078 when it was separated from the Chernigov Principality as the provincial Murom Principality.-Prior to the invasion of Batu Khan:...
- Ivan Vasilievich (1483–1500) - March of Saluzzo - Ludovico IILudovico II of SaluzzoLudovico II del Vasto was marquess of Saluzzo from 1475 until his death. Before his accession ar marquis he held the title of Count of Carmagnola....
(1475–1504) - Kingdom of ScotlandKingdom of ScotlandThe Kingdom of Scotland was a Sovereign state in North-West Europe that existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England...
- James IIIJames III of ScotlandJames III was King of Scots from 1460 to 1488. James was an unpopular and ineffective monarch owing to an unwillingness to administer justice fairly, a policy of pursuing alliance with the Kingdom of England, and a disastrous relationship with nearly all his extended family.His reputation as the...
(1460–1488) - Kingdom of Sweden - Sten Sture the ElderSten Sture the ElderSten Sture the Elder was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden from .-Background:...
, Regent (1470–1497, 1501–1503) - Teutonic Order - Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (1477–1489)
- Duchy of Urbino - Guidobaldo da MontefeltroGuidobaldo da Montefeltrothumb|240px|Portrait of Guidobaldo da Montefeltro by [[Raphael]].Guidobaldo da Montefeltro , also known as Guidobaldo I, was an Italian condottiero and the Duke of Urbino from 1482 to 1508.-Biography:...
(1472–1508) - Republic of VeniceRepublic of VeniceThe Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
-- Giovanni MocenigoGiovanni MocenigoGiovanni Mocenigo , Pietro Mocenigo's brother, was doge of Venice from 1478 to 1485. He fought at sea against the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and on land against Ercole I d'Este, duke of Ferrara, from whom he recaptured Rovigo and the Polesine...
, Doge of Venice (1478–1485) - Marco BarbarigoMarco BarbarigoMarco Barbarigo was the 73rd Doge of Venice from 1485 until 1486.His brother was Agostino Barbarigo. The two are the namesakes of the Master of the Barbarigo Reliefs, who was responsible for the creation of their tomb.-Popular culture:...
, Doge of Venice (1485–1486)
- Giovanni Mocenigo
- Principality of Wallachia - Vlad IV. CălugărulVlad CalugarulVlad IV Călugărul, translated as Vlad the Monk, was the pious half-brother of Vlad III , and one of many rulers of Wallachia during the 15th century...
(1482–1495) - Principality of ZetaPrincipality of ZetaZeta was a medieval state, which territory encompassed parts of present-day Montenegro and Northernwestern Albania. From 1360. to 1421. Zeta was independent state administered by local noble family Balšić. From 1185. to 1360. and from 1421. - 1451, Zeta was province of medieval Serbia...
- Ivan Crnojević (1465–1490)
Middle East and North Africa
- Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) - Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan (1470–1492)
- Kingdom of CyprusKingdom of CyprusThe Kingdom of Cyprus was a Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the high and late Middle Ages, between 1192 and 1489. It was ruled by the French House of Lusignan.-History:...
- Catherine CornaroCatherine CornaroNobil Donna Catherine Cornaro was Queen of Cyprus from 1474 to 1489 and declared a "Daughter of Saint Mark" in order that Venice could claim control of Cyprus after the death of her husband, James II .-Family:She was born in Venice in 1454 and was the daughter of a well-known and powerful family of...
(1474–1489) - Mamluk Sultanate of EgyptMamluk Sultanate (Cairo)The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt was the final independent Egyptian state prior to the establishment of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1805. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid Dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. The sultanate's ruling caste was composed of Mamluks, Arabised...
- Qait Bay (1468–1496) - Kingdom of FezKingdom of FezThe Kingdom of Fez or Wattasid sultanate was the name given to the northern part of Morocco between 1472 and 1554 with its capital at Fez.The Wattasid are a branch of the Zenete, a Berber clan whose origins lie in what is now modern day Libya....
- Abu Zakariya Muhammad al-Saih al-Mahdi (1472–1504) - Sultanate of Herat - Husayn BayqarahHusayn BayqarahHusayn Bayqarah was a Timurid ruler of Herat from 1469 to 1506, with a brief interruption in 1470. His father was Mansur, a great-grandson of Timur...
(1470–1506) - Sultanate of Oman - Omar ibn al Khattab (1451–1490)
- Sultanate of Samarkand - AhmadSultan AhmadSultan Ahmad ibn Abu Sa’id was the Timurid ruler of Samarkand from 1469 till 1494. During his rule he successfully repelled at least one invasion attempt by the Kara Koyunlu, and failed in an attempt to conquer Herat from the land of Khurasan from its ruler Husayn Bayqarah. He was succeeded by his...
(1469–1494) - SistanSistanSīstān is a border region in eastern Iran , southwestern Afghanistan and northern tip of Southwestern Pakistan .-Etymology:...
- Shams al-Din MuhammadShams al-Din MuhammadShams al-Din Muhammad was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1480 until around the end of the 15th century. He was the eldest son of Nizam al-Din Yahya.-Biography:...
, Mihrabanid malikMihrabanidsThe Mihrabanid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled Sistan from 1236 until the mid-16th century. It the third indigenous Muslim dynasty of Sistan, having been preceded by the Saffarid and Nasrid dynasties.-Overview:...
(1480–1495)