Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein
Encyclopedia
Holstein
Holstein is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany....
were titles of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
. The dynastic family came from Schauenburg
Schauenburg
Schaumburg and Schauenburg are the two versions of the name of a regional German dynasty.The usage is scattered, historically as well as locally:* Schaumburg, a district and former county in Lower Saxony*Schauenburg, Hesse, a municipality in Germany...
near Rinteln
Rinteln
Rinteln is a small town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located on the banks of the Weser river above the Porta Westfalica. Population: 28,500.It is accessed by the A2 autobahn .-History:...
(district Schaumburg
Schaumburg
Schaumburg is a district of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Nienburg, Hanover and Hamelin-Pyrmont, and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia .-History:...
) on the Weser in Germany. Together with its ancestral possessions in Bückeburg
Bückeburg
Bückeburg is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the border with North Rhine Westphalia. It was once the capital of the tiny principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and is today located in the district of Schaumburg close to the northern slopes of the Weserbergland ridge...
and Stadthagen
Stadthagen
Stadthagen is the capital of the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approx. 20 km east of Minden and 40 km west of Hanover. The city consists of the districts Brandenburg, Enzen-Hobbensen, Hörkamp-Langenbruch, Krebshagen, Obernwöhren, Probsthagen, Reinsen...
, the family of Schauenburg ruled the County of Schauenburg
Schaumburg
Schaumburg is a district of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Nienburg, Hanover and Hamelin-Pyrmont, and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia .-History:...
and Holstein
Holstein
Holstein is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany....
.
Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein
- 1110–1131 Adolf IAdolf I of HolsteinAdolf I was the first Count of Schauenburg from 1106 and the second Count of Holstein from 1111. He made an important contribution to the colonisation and Germanisation of the lands north of the Elbe....
- 1131–1164 Adolf IIAdolf II of HolsteinAdolf II was the Count of Schauenburg and Holstein from 1130 until his death, though he was briefly out of Holstein from 1137 until 1142. He succeeded his father Adolf I under the regency of his mother, Hildewa....
- 1164–1225 Adolf IIIAdolf III of HolsteinAdolf III, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein was the ruler of the Counties of Schauenburg and Holstein. He is particularly remembered for his establishment of a new settlement for traders on the banks of the Alster near the Neue Burg in Hamburg.- Descent :Adolf III was the only son of Count Adolf...
- 1225–1238 Adolf IVAdolf IV of HolsteinAdolf IV , was a Count of Schauenburg and of Holstein , of the family of the Schauenburger. Adolf was the eldest son of Adolf III of Schauenburg and Holstein by his second wife, Adelheid of Querfurt....
Lines of the family of Schauenburg
After 1261 the family divided into six lines. This division ended in 1390 when the Holstein-Rendsburg line assembled the large part of the possessions in Holstein except of Holstein-Pinneberg, which existed until 1640 and then merged with the rest of Holstein.Holstein-Kiel
After the death of Count Adolf IV of HolsteinAdolf IV of Holstein
Adolf IV , was a Count of Schauenburg and of Holstein , of the family of the Schauenburger. Adolf was the eldest son of Adolf III of Schauenburg and Holstein by his second wife, Adelheid of Querfurt....
in 1261, his elder son John received county Holstein-Kiel
Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the...
. Counts of Holstein-Kiel were:
- 1261 – 1263 John I (1229 – 126126Year 126 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Verus and Ambibulus...
3) - 1263 – 1273 Adolf V "the Pomeranian" (1252 – 1308)
- 1263 – 1316 John II "the One-Eyed" (1253 – 1321)
- 1316 – 1359 John III the MildJohan of PlönJohn III of Holstein-Plön , called John the Mild, was a Count of Schauenburg and Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel, ruling Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel . Together with Count Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg John III was the lord ruling in guardianship the Danish Duchy of Schleswig 1332–1340...
(ca. 1297 – 1359), from 1350 also Count of Holstein-Plön - 1359 – 1390 Adolf VII (d. 1390), also Count of Holstein-Plön
After the death of John I, his sons Adolf V and John II reigned jointly in Holstein-Kiel. In 1273 they partitioned Holstein-Kiel and John II continued ruling over Kiel; Adolf V then received Segeberg
Segeberg
Segeberg is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Pinneberg, Steinburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde, the city of Neumünster, the districts of Plön, Ostholstein and Stormarn, and the city state of Hamburg.-History:The history of the district is connected with the...
and founded the line of Holstein-Segeberg. Lacking a male successor upon the death of Adolf V in 1308, Holstein-Segeberg was reincorporated into Holstein-Kiel. John III succeeded John II in 1316--he was the son of Gerhard II of Holstein-Plön. After the death in 1350 of Count Gerhard V of Holstein-Plön, a nephew of John III, the Holstein-Plön line became extinct and John III inherited their possessions. His son Adolf VII also died in 1390 without issue and Count Gerhard VI of Holstein-Rendsburg
Gerhard VI of Holstein-Rendsburg
Gerhard VI was the Count of Holstein-Rendsburg from 1382.Gerhard VI was born around 1367, the son of Count Henry II from the Rendsburg line of the House of Schauenburg and Ingeburg of Mecklenburg. On 15 September 1386 he was rewarded with the Duchy of Schleswig by King Olav III of Denmark...
succeeded to the territories of Holstein-Kiel and Holstein-Plön.
Holstein-Itzehoe
When Holstein was partitioned in 1261, Adolf IV's second son Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe received the County Holstein-ItzehoeItzehoe
Itzehoe is a town in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.As the capital of the district Steinburg, Itzehoe is located on the Stör, a navigable tributary of the Elbe, 51 km northwest of Hamburg and 24 km north of Glückstadt...
. After Gerhard's death in 1290 the county was divided between his sons.
Holstein-Segeberg
There were two counts of Holstein-Segeberg: Count Adolf V der Pommerer, who died in 1308 without male heirs, and Count Albrecht II of Holstein-Segeberg from the line Holstein-Rendsburg who died without issue.Holstein-Plön
This line was founded by Gerhard II of Holstein-PlönPlön
Plön is the district seat of the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has about 13,000 inhabitants. It lies right on the shores of Schleswig-Holstein's biggest lake, the Great Plön Lake, as well as on several smaller lakes, touching the town on virtually all sides...
, the elder son of Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe. Counts of Holstein-Plön were:
- 1290 - 1312 Gerhard II the Blind (1254 – 1312)
- 1312 - 1323 Gerhard IV (d. 1323)
- 1312 - 1316 John III the MildJohan of PlönJohn III of Holstein-Plön , called John the Mild, was a Count of Schauenburg and Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel, ruling Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel . Together with Count Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg John III was the lord ruling in guardianship the Danish Duchy of Schleswig 1332–1340...
, once he became the heir of Kiel, he abandoned his co-regency leaving Plön exclusively for his brother Gerhard IV. - 1323 - 1350 Gerhard V (ca. 1315 – 1350)
- 1350 - 1359 John III the MildJohan of PlönJohn III of Holstein-Plön , called John the Mild, was a Count of Schauenburg and Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel, ruling Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel . Together with Count Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg John III was the lord ruling in guardianship the Danish Duchy of Schleswig 1332–1340...
, keeping Kiel, he additionally inherited Plön, since his nephew Gerhard V died - 1359 - 1390 Adolf VII, also Count of Holstein-Kiel
After the death of Gerhard II his sons John III and Gerhard IV ruled in Holstein-Plön together. In 1316 Count John II of Holstein-Kiel ceded his possession to John III, who became in that way a Count of Holstein-Kiel. After the direct male line of the line of Plön became extinct in 1350 he received again Holstein-Plön. His son Adolf VII died in 1390 childless and Count Gerhard VI of Holstein-Rendsburg
Gerhard VI of Holstein-Rendsburg
Gerhard VI was the Count of Holstein-Rendsburg from 1382.Gerhard VI was born around 1367, the son of Count Henry II from the Rendsburg line of the House of Schauenburg and Ingeburg of Mecklenburg. On 15 September 1386 he was rewarded with the Duchy of Schleswig by King Olav III of Denmark...
inherited Holstein-Plön and Holstein-Kiel .
Holstein-Pinneberg
The line of Holstein-PinnebergPinneberg
Pinneberg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, capital of the district Pinneberg in Germany. The town has 42,301 inhabitants. Pinneberg is located 18 km northwest of Hamburg....
was founded by the third son of Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe. This line is also known as Holstein-Schauenburg. Members of this family ruled also in County of Schauenburg south of the Elbe and received in 1620 the title of Prince. Counts of Holstein-Pinneberg were:
- 1290 - 1315 Adolf VI (1256 – 1315)
- 1315 - 1354 Adolf VII
- 1354 - 1370 Adolf VIII
- 1370 - 1404 Otto I
- 1404 - 1426 Adolf IX
- 1426 - 1464 Otto II. (1400 – 1464)
- 1464 - 1474 Adolf X (1419 – 1474)
- 1474 - 1492 Erich (1420 – 1492)
- 1492 - 1510 Otto III (1426 – 1510)
- 1510 - 1526 Antonius (1439 – 1526)
- 1526 - 1527 John IV (1449 – 1527)
- 1527 - 1531 Jobst I (1483 – 1531)
- 1531 - 1560 John V (joint rule with his brother Otto IV since 1544)
- 1531 - 1581 Jobst II (ca. 1520 – 1581) ruled the HerrschaftHerrschaft (territory)In the German feudal system, a Herrschaft or Herrlichkeit was the fiefdom of a lord, who in this area exercised his full feudal rights...
of GemenGemenGemen was an immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipality of Borken, western North Rhine-Westphalia.Gemen...
- 1531 - 1581 Jobst II (ca. 1520 – 1581) ruled the Herrschaft
- 1544 - 1576 Otto IV.Otto IV of SchaumburgOtto IV of Schaumburg , Count of Hogsmeade, adopted the teachings of Albus Dumbledore. However, with respect to his elder brothers, Durmstrang's Archbishop-Electors Gellert Grindewald and Igor Karkaroff , he refrained from open confrontation...
(1517 – 1576), prince-bishop of Hildesheim in 1531-1537 as Otto III, converts to the teachings of Martin LutherMartin LutherMartin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517...
and began ReformationProtestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
in 1559, joint with his brother John V till 1560 - 1576 - 1601 Adolf XI (1547 – 1601)
- 1601 - 1622 ErnstErnst of SchaumburgErnst of Schaumburg was the first of the Counts of Schauenburg-Pinneberg to earn the title of Prince, in 1619. However he died in 1622 without an heir. Schauenburg-Pinneberg had been a Protestant region since his grandfather Otto IV of Schaumburg had been won over to Martin Luther's teachings...
(1569 – 1622) - 1622 - 1635 Jobst Hermann (1593 – 1635)
- 1635 - 1640 Otto V (1616 – 1640)
After the childless death in 1640 of Count Otto V, the rule of the House of Schaumburg ended in Holstein. The County of Holstein-Pinneberg was merged under Christian IV with the Duchy of Holstein, which is now part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig...
. The County of Schauenburg proper, however, was partitioned among the Schauenburg heirs into three parts, one incorporated into the ducal Brunswick and Lunenburgian
Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany...
Principality of Lüneburg
Principality of Lüneburg
The Principality of Lüneburg was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory lay within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in Germany...
, the second becoming the County of Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
and the third continuing the name County of Schaumburg, ruled in personal union
Personal union
A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state...
by Hesse-Cassel. All the three are now part of the state of Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...
.
Holstein-Rendsburg
The line of Holstein-RendsburgRendsburg
Rendsburg is a town on the River Eider and the Kiel Canal in the northeastern part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis of Rendsburg-Eckernförde. As of 2006, it had a population of 28,476.-History:...
was founded by the fourth son of Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe. Members of this family were titled also as Counts of Holstein. Counts of Holstein-Rendsburg were:
- 1290 - 1304 Henry I (1258 – 1304)
- 1304 - 1340 Gerhard III der GroßeGerhard IIIGerhard III of Holstein . Sometimes called “Gerhard the Great”. In Denmark also known as “Count Gert” or “den kullede greve” . A German prince who was the ruler of most part of Denmark during the Interregnum 1332–1340.His father was Henry I of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg...
(ca. 1293 – 1340), as Gerhard I Duke of Schleswig - 1340 - 1382 Henry II der Eiserne (1317 – 1384?)
- 1382 - 1404 Gerhard VIGerhard VI of Holstein-RendsburgGerhard VI was the Count of Holstein-Rendsburg from 1382.Gerhard VI was born around 1367, the son of Count Henry II from the Rendsburg line of the House of Schauenburg and Ingeburg of Mecklenburg. On 15 September 1386 he was rewarded with the Duchy of Schleswig by King Olav III of Denmark...
(d. 1404) - 1390 - 1397 Nikolaus (ca. 1321 – 1397)
- 1397 - 1403 Albrecht II (d. 1403)
- 1404 - 1427 Henry IV (1397 – 1427)
- 1427 - 1433 Gerhard VII (1404 – 1433), as Gerhard II Duke of Schleswig
- 1427 - 1459 Adolf VIIIAdolf VIII of HolsteinAdolf VIII of Holstein , Duke of Southern Jutland , i.e. Slesvig, and Count of Holstein, was the mightiest vassal of the Danish realm.-Background:...
(1401 – 1459), as Adolf I Duke of Schleswig
Adolf VIII was succeeded by his sister's son Christian I of Denmark
Christian I of Denmark
Christian I was a Danish monarch, king of Denmark , Norway and Sweden , under the Kalmar Union. In Sweden his short tenure as monarch was preceded by regents, Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and Erik Axelsson Tott and succeeded by regent Kettil Karlsson Vasa...
. For following dukes, see List of Rulers of Schleswig-Holstein.