The Rulers of Estonia is a list of the rulers of Estonia

Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...

 throughout the history.
Starting with the ancient Counties and Parishes each headed by Seniores and Meliores (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The highest political institutions in Estonia during ancient times were Councils of Elders. The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders were limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the German and Danish conquest in the 13th century. Ending with the states

Sovereign state

A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

 and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish

Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...

 conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty

Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided...

 over some parts of the territory of present day Estonia

Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...

, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918.

Ancient counties

Saaremaa

Saare County

Saare County , or Saaremaa, is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It consists of Saaremaa , the largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it. The county borders Lääne County to the east and Hiiu County to the north...

Title: Elder - It is probable that these men, whose names appear on a treaty with the Order of the Brethren of the Sword in 1251, were the chiefs of administrative units on Saaremaa, Muhu, and Sõrve. Their "signatures" were, in all likelihood, phonetically "Latinized" by the authors of the document.

• Ylle
• Culle
• Enu
• Muntelene
• Tappete
• Yalde
• Melete
• Cake

Sakala

Title: Elder (- 1223)

• before 1211–21 September 1217 Lembitu
• 21 September 1217 - ?
  ?
  or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and minuscule forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet and some alphabets based on the African reference...
  
   Unnepeve
• Meeme

Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus was a medieval polity in Eastern Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 13th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240....

Title: Grand Prince of Kiev, rulers over parts of Ugaunia

Ugaunia

Ugandi was an independent country between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hides...

 (1030 - 1061)

• 1030 – 1054 Yaroslav I
  Yaroslav I the Wise
  Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise (Old Norse: Jarizleifr; ; Old East Slavic and Russian: Ярослав Мудрый; Ukrainian: Ярослав Мудрий; c...
  
  
• 1054 – 1061 Iziaslav I
  Iziaslav I of Kiev
  Iziaslav Yaroslavich , Kniaz' , Veliki Kniaz of Kiev , King of Rus'...
  
  

Title: Prince of Novgorod

Prince of Novgorod

The Prince of Novgorod was the chief executive of Novgorod the Great. The office was originally an appointed one until the late eleventh or early twelfth century, then became something of an elective one until the fourteenth century, after which the Prince of Vladimir was almost invariably the...

, subject to the Grand Prince of Kiev

• 1030 - 1034 Yaroslav I, Grand-Prince of Kiev
  Yaroslav I the Wise
  Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise (Old Norse: Jarizleifr; ; Old East Slavic and Russian: Ярослав Мудрый; Ukrainian: Ярослав Мудрий; c...
  
  
• 1034 - 1052 Vladimir II
  Vladimir of Novgorod
  Vladimir Yaroslavich reigned as prince of Novgorod from 1036 until his death. He was the eldest son of Yaroslav I the Wise of Kiev by Ingigerd, daughter of king Olof Skötkonung of Sweden....
  
  
• 1052 - 1054 Iziaslav I
  Iziaslav I of Kiev
  Iziaslav Yaroslavich , Kniaz' , Veliki Kniaz of Kiev , King of Rus'...
  
  
• 1054 - 1055 vacant
• 1055 - 1061 Mstislav I

Bishopric of Livonia (Bishopric of Riga) 

Title: Bishop

Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...

 (1208-1211; 1224-1228), ruler over parts of Southern Estonia (1208-1211) and parts of Western Estonia (1224-1228), occupied in the Livonian crusade

Livonian Crusade

The Livonian Crusade refers to the German and Danish conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia, during the Northern Crusades...

.

• 1208 - 1211 Albert I von Buxhövden
• 1224 - 1228 Albert I von Buxhövden

Bishopric of Estonia (Bishopric of Leal)

Bishopric of Dorpat

The Bishopric of Dorpat was a medieval principality and a catholic diocese which existed from 1224 to 1558, generally encompassing what are now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Jõgeva counties in Estonia. The Bishopric was part of Livonian Confederation...

 

Title: Bishop

Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...

 (1211-1224), rulers over parts of mainland Estonia, occupied in the Livonian crusade

Livonian Crusade

The Livonian Crusade refers to the German and Danish conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia, during the Northern Crusades...

• 1211 - 1219 Theodoric (Dietrich I)
• 1219 - 1220 vacant
• 1220 - 1224 Hermann von Buxhöwden

Bishopric of Dorpat

Bishopric of Dorpat

The Bishopric of Dorpat was a medieval principality and a catholic diocese which existed from 1224 to 1558, generally encompassing what are now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Jõgeva counties in Estonia. The Bishopric was part of Livonian Confederation...

 

Title: Bishop

Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...

 (1224 – 1558), rulers over Southeastern Estonia

• 1224 - 1247 Hermann I von Buxhöwden
• 1247 - 1251 vacant
• 1251 - 1263 Unknown person
• 1263 - 1268 Alexander
• 1268 - 1288 Friedrich von Haseldorf
• 1289 - 1299 Bernhard I
• 1303 - 1312 Dietrich II Vyshusen
• 1312 - 1313 vacant
• 1313 - 1323 Nikolaus (acting)
• 1323 - 1341 Engelbert von Dolen
• 1341 - 1342 vacant
• 1342 - 1344 Wescelus
• 1344 - 1346 vacant
• 1346 - 1373 Johannes I Viffhusen
• 1373 - 1377 Heinrich I Velde
• 1377 - 1379 vacant
• 1379 - 1400 Dietrich III Damerow
• 1400 - 1400 vacant
• 1400 - 1410 Heinrich II Wrangel
• 1410 - 1411 vacant
• 1411 - 1413 Bernhard II Bülow
• 1413 - 1440 Dietrich IV Resler
• 1440 - 1442 vacant
• 1442 - 1459 Bartholomäus Savijerwe
• 1459 - 1468 Helmich von Mallinkrodt
• 1468 - 1468 vacant
• 1468 - 1473 Andreas Peper
• 1473 - 1473 vacant
• 1473 - 1485 Johannes II Bertkow
• 1485 - 1485 vacant
• 1485 - 1498 Dietrich V Hake
• 1498 - 1499 vacant
• 1499 - 1505 Johannes III von der Rope
• 1505 - 1513 Gerhard Schrove
• 1513 - 1514 vacant
• 1514 - 1514 Johannes IV Duesborg
• 1514 - 1518 Christian Bomhower
• 1518 - 1518 vacant
• 1518 - 1527 Johannes V Blankenfeld, Archbishop of Riga
  Archbishop of Riga
  The Archbishopric of Riga was an archbishopric in Medieval Livonia, a subject to the Holy See. It was established in 1186 as the bishopric of Livonia at Üxküll, then after moving to Riga it became the bishopric of Riga in 1202 and was elevated to an archbishopric in 1255.- Archbishops of Riga :The...
  
   (1524-1527)
• 1527 - 1532 vacant
• 1532 - 1543 Johannes VII Bey
• 1543 - 1544 vacant
• 1544 - 1551 Jodokus von der Recke (Jost von der Recke)
• 1551 - 1554 vacant
• 1554 - 1558 Hermann II Wesel
  Hermann Wesel
  Hermann Wesel was a German ecclesiastic in Livonia, and the last Roman Catholic Bishop of Dorpat .-Life:Hermann Wesel is presumed to have originated from Wesel on the Lower Rhine. His father is supposed to have been a shoemaker....
  
  

Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek was a semi-independent Roman Catholic prince-bishopric in what is now Saare, Hiiu and Lääne counties of Estonia.The bishopric was created as a state of Holy Roman Empire on 1 October 1228, by Henry, King of the Romans...

Title: Bishop

Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...

 (1 October 1228 – 1559)

• 1228 - 1229 Gottfried
• 1229 - 1234 vacant
• 1234 - 1260 Heinrich I
• 1260 - 1262 vacant
• 1262 - 1285? Herman I de Bekeshoevede
• 1285? - 1290? vacant
• 1290? - 1294 Heinrich II
• 1294 - 1297? vacant
• 1297? - 1307? Konrad I
• 1307? - 1310 vacant
• 1310 - 1321 Hartung (Garttungus)
• 1321 - 1322 vacant
• 1322 - 1337 Jakob
• 1337 - 1338 vacant
• 1338 - 1362 Hermann II Osenbrügge
• 1362 - 1363 vacant
• 1363 - 1374 Konrad II
• 1374 - 1381 Heinrich III
• 1381 - 1385 vacant
• 1385 - 1419 Winrich von Kniprode
  Winrich von Kniprode
  Winrich von Kniprode was the 22nd Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. He was the longest serving Grand Master, holding the position for 31 years ....
  
  
• 1419 - 1420 vacant
• 1420 - 1423 Kaspar Schuwenflug
• 1423 - 1423 vacant
• 1423 - 1432 Christian Kuband
• 1432 - 1432 vacant
• 1432 - 1438 Johannes I Schutte
• 1438 - 1439 vacant
• 1439 - 1449 Ludolf Grove (acting)
• 1449 - 1449 Ludolf Grove (acting in Saaremaa (Ösel)
  Saaremaa
  Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...
  
  ); Johannes II Creul (in Läänemaa (Wiek); Bishop since 1939)
• 1449 - 1457 Ludolf Grove (in Saaremaa (Ösel)
  Saaremaa
  Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...
  
  ); Johannes II Creul (in Läänemaa (Wiek))
• 1457 - 1458 Ludolf Grove
• 1458 - 1458 vacant
• 1458 - 1463 Johannes Vatelkanne (acting)
• 1463 - 1468 Johannes Vatelkanne (acting); Jodokus Hoenstein (Bishop since 1460)
• 1468 - 1471 Jodokus Hoenstein
• 1471 - 1471 vacant
• 1471 - 1491 Peter Wedberg (Wetberch)
• 1491 - 1515 Johannes III Orgas
• 1515 - 1527 Johannes IV Kievel
• 1527 - 1527 vacant
• 1527 - 1530 Georg von Tiesenhausen
  Georg von Tiesenhausen
  Dr. Georg F. von Tiesenhausen is a retired German-American rocket scientist. After being brought to the United States in 1953 as part of Operation Paperclip, he was part of Wernher von Braun's team at the U.S. Army, and later, NASA...
  
  
• 1530 - 1532 vacant
• 1532 - 1541 Reinhold von Buxhövden
• 1532 - 1534 Reinhold von Buxhövden (in Saaremaa (Ösel)
  Saaremaa
  Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring 2,673 km². The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago...
  
  ; Wilhelm (acting in Läänemaa (Wiek))
• 1534 - 1541 Reinhold von Buxhövden
• 1541 - 1542 vacant
• 1542 - 1559 Johannes V von Münchhausen
• 1559 - 1572 Magnus, Duke of Holstein
  Magnus of Livonia
  Magnus of Holstein was a Prince of Denmark and a member of the House of Oldenburg. As a vassal of Ivan IV of Russia, he was the titular King of Livonia from 1570 to 1578.-Early life:...
  
  
• 1572 - 1573 vacant

Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus was a medieval polity in Eastern Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 13th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240....

 

Title: Grand Prince

Grand Prince

The title grand prince or great prince ranked in honour below emperor and tsar and above a sovereign prince .Grand duke is the usual and established, though not literal, translation of these terms in English and Romance languages, which do not normally use separate words for a "prince" who reigns...

 Rulers over parts of Ugaunia

Ugaunia

Ugandi was an independent country between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hides...

 (1030 - 1061)

• 1030–1054 Yaroslav I the Wise
  Yaroslav I the Wise
  Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise (Old Norse: Jarizleifr; ; Old East Slavic and Russian: Ярослав Мудрый; Ukrainian: Ярослав Мудрий; c...
  
  
• 1054–1061 Iziaslav of Kiev
  Iziaslav I of Kiev
  Iziaslav Yaroslavich , Kniaz' , Veliki Kniaz of Kiev , King of Rus'...
  
  

Kingdom of Denmark

Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...

 

Title: King (1219–1346) Rulers over Harria and Vironia

• 1219-1241 : Valdemar II
• 1241-1250 : Erik IV Plovpenning
  Eric IV of Denmark
  Eric IV, also known as Eric Ploughpenny , was king of Denmark from 1241 until his death in 1250. He was the son of King Valdemar II of Denmark by his wife, Infanta Berengária of Portugal, and brother to King Abel and King Christopher I.-Early life:...
  
  
• 1250-1252 : Abel
  Abel of Denmark
  Abel of Denmark was Duke of Schleswig from 1232 to 1252 and King of Denmark from 1250 until his death in 1252. He was the son of Valdemar II by his second wife, Infanta Berengária of Portugal, and brother to Eric IV and Christopher I....
  
  
• 1252-1259 : Christoffer I
• 1259-1286 : Erik V Glipping
• 1286-1320 : Erik VI Menved
• 1320-1326 : Christoffer II
• 1326-1329 : Valdemar III
• 1329-1332 : Christoffer II
• 1332-1340 : interregnum
  Interregnum
  An interregnum is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order...
  
  
• 1340-1346 : Valdemar IV Atterdag

Livonian Order

Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561. After being defeated by Samogitians in the 1236 Battle of Schaulen , the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights...

 

Title: Grand Master of Livonia

Grand Master (order)

Grand Master is the typical title of the supreme head of various orders of knighthood, including various military orders, religious orders and civil orders such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians and the Orange Order...

 (1237–1561) Rulers over Saccala or Sackalia

Sackalia

Sakala County was an ancient Estonian county first mentioned in print by Henry of Livonia in the beginning of the 13th Century....

 (fiefdom of the Bishopric of Dorpat

Bishopric of Dorpat

The Bishopric of Dorpat was a medieval principality and a catholic diocese which existed from 1224 to 1558, generally encompassing what are now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Jõgeva counties in Estonia. The Bishopric was part of Livonian Confederation...

 and Jervia

Järva County

Järva County , or Järvamaa , is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is situated in central part of the country and borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south-east, Viljandi County to the south, Pärnu County to the south-west, Rapla County to the west, and Harju County to the...

• 1237-1238 Hermann Balk
  Hermann Balk
  Hermann Balk , also known as Hermann von Balk or Hermann Balke, was a Knight-Brother of the Teutonic Order and its first Landmeister, or Provincial Master, in both Prussia and Livonia. From 1219 to 1227, he served as the Deutschmeister in the Order's Province of Alemannia...
  
   (Balke)
• 1238-1241 Dietrich von Grüningen
• 1241-1244 Andreas von Velven (Felben)
• 1244-1245 Heinrich von Heimburg
• 1245-1247 Dietrich von Grüningen
• 1247-1253 Andreas von Stirland
• 1253-1254 Eberhard von Seine (Seyn)
• 1254-1257 Anno von Sangershausen
• 1257-1261 Burchard von Hornhausen
• 1261 ....... Georg von Eichstadt
• 1261-1263 Werner von Breithausen
• 1263-1266 Konrad von Mandern (Manstadt)
• 1266-1270 Otto von Lutterberg
  Otto von Lutterberg
  Otto von Lutterberg was the Ordensmeister of the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Knights from 1266 to 1270, and was in command of the Livonian Order in 1268 when the Knights were heavily defeated by a Russian army at the Battle of Rakvere...
  
  
• 1271 ....... Andreas von Westphalen
• 1271-1273 Walther von Nordeck (Nortecken)
• 1273-1279 Ernst von Ratzeburg (Rassburg)
• 1279-1280 Gerhard von Katzenelnbogen
• 1280-1282 Konrad von Feuchtwangen
  Konrad von Feuchtwangen
  Konrad von Feuchtwangen was the 13th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1291-96. He was a relative of the later Grand Master Siegfried von Feuchtwangen....
  
  
• 1282 ....... Mangold von Sternberg (Manhold von Sternberg)
• 1282-1288 Wilhelm von Nindorf (Wilken von Endorp, Willekin von Endorp)
• 1288-1290 Konrad von Hazzigenstein (Konrad von Hattstein, Konrad von Herzogenstein)
• 1290-1293 Halt von Hohembach (Balthasar Holte)
• 1294-1295 Heinrich von Dinkelaghe (Heinrich II von Dumpshagen)
• 1296-1298 Bruno
• 1298-1305 Gottfried von Rogge
• 1305-1306 Wennemar I
• 1307-1322 Gerhard von Jork (Gerhard II von Jocke, Conrad von Jocke or Conrad von Jorke)
• 1322-1324 Konrad Kesselhut (Konrad Ketelhoed, Johannes Ungenade)
• 1324-1328 Reimar Hane
• 1328-1340 Eberhard von Monheim
• 1340-1345 Burchard von Dreileben
• 1345-1359 Goswin von Herike
• 1359-1364 Arnold von Vietinghof
• 1364-1385 Wilhelm von Friemersheim (Vrymersheim, Vrimersheim)
• 1385-1388 Robin von Eltz
• 1388-1389 Johann von Ohle
• 1389-1401 Wennemar von Bruggenei (Wennemar Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye, Wolmer von Brüggeney)
• 1401-1413 Konrad von Vietinghof
• 1413-1415 Dietrich Tork
• 1415-1424 Siegfried Lander von Spanheim
• 1424-1433 Cysse von Rutenberg (Zisse, Cisse von dem Rutenberg)
• 1433-1435 Frank von Kersdorf

• 1435-1437 Heinrich von Bockenvorde (Schüngel)
• 1438-1450 Heinrich Vincke von Oberbergen (Overberg)
• 1450-1469 Johann von Mengeden (Osthoff)
• 1470-1471 Johann Wolthus von Herse
• 1471-1483 Bernhard von der Borch
• 1483-1494 Johann Freitag von Loringhoven
• 1494-1535 Wolter von Plettenberg
  Wolter von Plettenberg
  Wolter von Plettenberg was the Master of the Livonian Order from 1494 to 1535 and one of the greatest leaders of the Teutonic knights. He was an important early Baltic German....
  
  
• 1535-1549 Hermann von Bruggenei (Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye)
• 1549-1551 Johann von der Recke

• 1551-1557 Heinrich von Galen
• 1557-1559 Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg
• 1559-1561 Gotthard Kettler
  Gotthard Kettler
  Gotthard von Kettler was the last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia....
  
  

Jagiellon Dynasty

Jagiellon dynasty

The Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal dynasty originating from the Lithuanian House of Gediminas dynasty that reigned in Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century...

 

• 1561-1569 Sigismund II Augustus
  Sigismund II Augustus
  Sigismund II Augustus I was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the only son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548...
  
  

Jagiellon Dynasty

Jagiellon dynasty

The Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal dynasty originating from the Lithuanian House of Gediminas dynasty that reigned in Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century...

 

• 1569-1572 Sigismund II Augustus
  Sigismund II Augustus
  Sigismund II Augustus I was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the only son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548...
  
  

Title: Electoral King (1572 - 1586)

• 1572-1573 Henryk II Walezy

• 1576-1586 Stefan I Batory

Title: King (1587 – 1660)

House of Vasa

House of Vasa

The House of Vasa was the Royal House of Sweden 1523-1654 and of Poland 1587-1668. It originated from a noble family in Uppland of which several members had high offices during the 15th century....

 

• 1587–1632 Sigismund III Vasa
  Sigismund III Vasa
  Sigismund III Vasa was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, a monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599...
  
  ; known also as Sigismund of Sweden
• 1632-1648 Ladislaus IV
• 1648-1660 John II Kazimierz

Swedish Governors

• 1561 - 1562 Lars Ivarsson Fleming
• 1562 - 1562 Henrik Klasson Horn
  Henrik Klasson Horn
  Horn, Henrik Klasson af Kanckas was a Swedish army commander, officer and gentleman of Kanka. He was the son of the Privy Councillor Klas Henriksson Horn and his second wife Kristina, and cousin of the commander Klas Kristersson Horn....
  
  
• 1562 - 1564 Svante Stensson Sture
  Svante Stensson Sture
  Svante Stensson Sture or Svante Sture the Younger was a Swedish count, riksmarsk and statesman. From 1562 to 1564, during the Livonian War, he was governor of Estonia....
  
  
• 1564 - 1565 Hermann Pedersson Fleming
• 1565 - 1568 Henrik Klasson Horn
  Henrik Klasson Horn
  Horn, Henrik Klasson af Kanckas was a Swedish army commander, officer and gentleman of Kanka. He was the son of the Privy Councillor Klas Henriksson Horn and his second wife Kristina, and cousin of the commander Klas Kristersson Horn....
  
  
• 1568 - 1570 Gabriel Kistiernsson
• 1570 - 1572 Hans Björnsson
• 1572 - 1574 Clas Åkesson Tott
  Clas Åkesson Tott
  Clas Åkesson Tott was a military Field Marshal and member of the Privy Council of Sweden .In the Russo-Swedish War , he was the rittmeister of the cavalry squadron Upplandsfanan. He became responsible for the enlistment of army personnel in Finland, in 1563...
  
  
• 1574 - 1575 Pontus de la Gardie
  Pontus De la Gardie
  Pontus De la Gardie was a French nobleman and general in the service of Denmark and Sweden.He was born Ponce De La Gardie in Russol , Languedoc, as a son of Jacques De la Gardie and Catherine de Sainte-Colombe. As a youngster, he wanted to become a priest and was educated in a monastery...
  
  
• 1576 - 1578 Karl Henriksson Horn
• 1576 - 1577 Nilsson Hans Eriksson Finne
• 1577 - 1580 Göran Boije af Gennäs
• 1580 - 1581 Svante Eriksson Stålarm
• 1582 - 1583 Göran Boije
• 1583 - 1585 Pontus De la Gardie
  Pontus De la Gardie
  Pontus De la Gardie was a French nobleman and general in the service of Denmark and Sweden.He was born Ponce De La Gardie in Russol , Languedoc, as a son of Jacques De la Gardie and Catherine de Sainte-Colombe. As a youngster, he wanted to become a priest and was educated in a monastery...
  
  
• 1585 - 1588 Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
• 1588 - 1588 Hans Wachtmeister
  Hans Wachtmeister
  Count Hans Wachtmeister af Johannishus was admiral general of the Swedish Navy and advisor to King Charles XI of Sweden and King Charles XII of Sweden. He served in the Scanian War of 1675–1679 and during the following twenty years of peace worked to build up the Swedish Navy...
  
  
• 1588 - 1590 Gustaf Axelsson Banér
  Gustaf Banér
  Gustaf Banér was a Swedish nobleman and member of the Privy Council of Sweden. Gustaf Axelsson Banér was born at Djursholm Castle, the son of the Privy Council Axel Nilsson and Margareta Pedersdotter...
  
  
• 1590 - 1592 Erik Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
• 1592 - 1600 Göran Boije
• 1600 - 1601 Karl Henriksson Horn
• 1601 - 1602 Moritz Stensson Leijonhufvud
• 1605 - 1608 Axel Nilsson Ryning
• 1611 - 1617 Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna
• 1617 - 1619 Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud
  Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud
  Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud was a Swedish officer, governor of the Estonia province between 1617–1619 and Governors-General of the Livonia province 1628.-External links: - Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon at Project Runeberg...
  
  
• 1619 - 1622 Jacob de la Gardie
  Jacob De la Gardie
  Field Marshal and Count Jacob Pontusson De la Gardie was a statesman and a soldier of the Swedish Empire....
  
  
• 1622 - 1626 Per Gustafsson Banér
• 1626 - 1628 Johan Pontusson
• 1628 - 1642 Philipp Scheiding
• 1642 - 1646 Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
• 1646 - 1653 Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna
• 1653 - 1655 Heinrich von Thurn-Valsassina
• 1655 - 1656 Wilhelm Ulrich
• 1656 - 1674 Bengt Klasson Horn
• 1674 - 1681 Andreas Lennartson Torstensson
  Anders Torstenson
  Count Anders Torstenson , Swedish statesman, son of Lennart Torstenson and member of the Privy Council, was from 1674 to 1681 Governor-General of Estonia. The family became extinct on the sword-side in 1727.-References:...
  
  
• 1681 - 1687 Robert Johannson Lichton
• 1687 - 1704 Axel Julius De la Gardie
  Axel Julius De la Gardie
  Axel Julius de la Gardie was a Swedish Field Marshal and was appointed Governor-General over Estonia.Axel Julius was the son of military commander Jacob De la Gardie and Ebba Brahe. He became colonel of an infantry regiment and a cavalry regiment and in 1684 he attained the rank of major general...
  
  
• 1704 - 1706 Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach
  Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach
  Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach was Governor General of Swedish Estonia from 1704 to 1706.-Biography:Born in Livonia, Schlippenbach participated as a captain in the Swedish army Scanian War under Charles XI and served later as a major in Swedish Pomerania and Prussia...
  
  
• 1706 - 1709 Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp
  Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp
  Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp was a Swedish soldier and Governor-General of Swedish Estonia from 1706 to 1709....
  
  
• 1709 - 1710 Carl Gustaf von Nieroth
  Carl Gustaf von Nieroth
  Carl Nieroth was a Swedish officer and Governor-General of Swedish Estonia 1709–1710 and of Finland 1710–1712....
  
  

Russian Governors

• 1710 - 1711 Rudolph Felix Bauer - General-Governor
• 1711 - 1719 Prince Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov
  Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov
  Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimus, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora , Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel. A highly appreciated associate and friend of Tsar Peter the Great, he was the de facto ruler of...
  
   - General-Governor
• 1719 - 1728 Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin
  Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin
  Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin was one of the first Russian admirals who governed Estonia and Karelia from 1712 to 1723, general admiral , presided over the Russian Admiralty since 1718 and commanded the Baltic Fleet since 1723.-Early shipbuilding activities:The Apraksin brothers were...
  
   - General-Governor
• 1728 - 1736 Friedrich Baron von Löwen
• 1736 - 1738 Sebastian Ernst von Manstein
• 1738 - 1740 Gustaf Otto Douglas
  Gustaf Otto Douglas
  Count Gustaf Otto Douglas was a Swedish mercenary, grandson of Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge. He was captured by Russians during the Battle of Poltava. He was eventually employed by the Russian army during the Great Northern War, and in 1717 was placed in charge of the occupation of Finland...
  
  
• 1740 - 1743 Woldemar von Löwendahl
  Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar, Comte de Lowendal
  Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar, Comte de Lowendal was a German-born French soldier and statesmen. Born in Hamburg, he served in the armies of several countries, but is best known for his service in the French army during the War of the Austrian Succession. In the French campaign in the Austrian...
  
  
• 1743 - 1753 Peter August Friedrich von Holstein-Beck
  Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  Peter Augustus of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck was the eighth Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck...
  
   (1696-1775)
• 1753 - 1758 Prince Vladimir Petrovich Dolgorukiy
• 1758 - 1775 Peter August Friedrich von Holstein-Beck
  Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  Peter Augustus of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck was the eighth Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck...
  
   - General-Governor
• 1775 - 1792 Count George Browne
  George Browne (soldier)
  George Browne, Count von Browne in the nobility of the Holy Roman empire was an Irish soldier of fortune who became field-marshal in the Russian service....
  
   - General-Governor
• 1783 - 1786 Georg Friedrich von Grotenhielm
• 1786 - 1797 Heinrich Johann Baron von Wrangell
• 1797 - 1808 Andreas von Langell
• 1808 - 1809 Peter Friedrich Georg von Oldenburg
  Duke George of Oldenburg
  Duke George of Oldenburg was a younger son of Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg and his wife Duchess Frederica of Württemberg. He was a son-in-law of Paul I of Russia through marriage to his daughter Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia...
  
   (1784-1812)
• 1809 - 1811 Vacant
• 1811 - 1816 Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August von Oldenburg (1783-1853)
• 1816 - 1819 Berend Baron Üxküll
• 1819 - 1832 Gotthard Wilhelm Baron Budberg von Bönninghausen
• 1832 - 1833 Otto Wilhelm von Essen
• 1833 - 1841 Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff
• 1842 - 1859 Johann Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt
• 1859 - 1868 Wilhelm Otto Cornelius Alexander Ulrich
• 1868 - 1870 Mikhail Nikolaiyevich Galkin-Vraskoy
• 1870 - 1875 Prince Mikhail Valentinovich Shakhovskoiy-Glebov-Strezhnev
• 1875 - 1885 Viktor Petrovich Polivanov
• 1885 - 1894 Prince Sergey Vladimirovich
• 1894 - 1902 Yefstafiy Nikolaiyevich Skalon
• 1902 - 1905 Aleksey Valerianovich Bellegarde
• 1905 - 1906 Nikolay Georgiyevich von Bünting
• 1906 - 1907 Pyotr Petrovich Bashilov
• 1907 - 1915 Izmail Vladimirovich Korostovetch
• 1915 - 1917 Pyotr Vladimirovich Veryovkin

Russian Provisional Government, 1917 

Title: Chairman (1917)

• Georgy Evgenyevich Lvov (15 March (2 March) - 21 July (8 July) 1917)

Title: Prime Minister

Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...

 (1917)

• Aleksandr Kerensky (21 July (8 July) - 7 November (25 October) 1917)

Hohenzollern

• Wilhelm II (October 1917 - 9 November 1918)

The October Revolution of 1917 era

(independent de facto

De facto

De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...

)

Title: Chairman of the Soviet Executive Committee of Estonia (Eestimaa Nõukogude Täitevkomitee esimees) (1917–1918)

• Jaan Anvelt
  Jaan Anvelt
  Jaan Anvelt Jaan Anvelt Jaan Anvelt (in Russian Ян Анвельт, also known by the pseudonyms Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak or Н...
  
   (5 November (23 October) 1917 - 4 March 1918)

(independent de jure

De jure

De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".De jure = 'Legally', De facto = 'In fact'....

)

Title: Gouvernement Commissioner (Kubermangukomissar) (1917 - 1918)

• Jaan Poska
  Jaan Poska
  Jaan Poska VR III/1 was an Estonian barrister and politician....
  
   (28 November (15 November) 1917 - 24 February 1918)

Soviet Republic of Sailors and Builders of Nargen 

Title: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu esimees) (1917 - 1918)

• Stepan Petrichenko
  Stepan Petrichenko
  Stepan Maximovich Petrichenko , was a Russian revolutionary, an anarcho-syndicalist politician, one of the main leaders of the Third Russian Revolution, the head of the Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Nargen and in 1921, de facto leader of the Kronstadt Commune, and the leader...
  
   (December 1917 - 26 February 1918)

Republic of Estonia 

Title: Prime Minister of the Estonian Provisional Government

Estonian Provisional Government

The Estonian Provisional Government was formed on February 24, 1918 by the Salvation Committee appointed by Maapäev the Estonian Province Assembly. The Provisional Government was led by Konstantin Päts...

 (Peaminister) (1918 - 1919)

• Konstantin Päts
  Konstantin Päts
  Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics...
  
   (24 February 1918 - 9 May 1919)

Title: Prime Minister (Peaminister) (1919 - 1920)

• Otto August Strandman
  Otto Strandman
  Otto August Strandman VR III/1 was an Estonian politician, who served as Prime Minister and State Elder of Estonia . He was one of the leaders of the centre-left Estonian Labour Party, that saw its biggest support after the 1919 and 1920 elections...
  
   (9 May - 18 November 1919)
• Jaan Tõnisson
  Jaan Tõnisson
  Jaan Tõnisson VR I/3, II/3 and III/1 was an Estonian statesman, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920 and as the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932.-Early life:...
  
   (18 November 1919 - 28 July 1920)
• Ado (Aadu) Birk (28 July - 30 July 1920)
• Jaan Tõnisson (30 July - 26 October 1920)
• Ants Piip
  Ants Piip
  Ants Piip VR III/1 was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician.-Education:Piip studied at the Teachers' Seminar in Kuldīga , now in Latvia...
  
   (26 October - 20 December 1920)

Title: Head of State (Riigivanem) (1920 - 1934)

• Ants Piip
  Ants Piip
  Ants Piip VR III/1 was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician.-Education:Piip studied at the Teachers' Seminar in Kuldīga , now in Latvia...
  
   (20 December 1920-25 January 1921)
• Konstantin Päts (25 January 1921-21 November 1922)
• Juhan (Johann) Kukk
  Juhan Kukk
  Juhan ' Kukk VR III/1 was an Estonian politician....
  
   (21 November 1922-2 August 1923)
• Konstantin Päts (2 August 1923-26 March 1924)
• Friedrich Karl Akel
  Friedrich Akel
  Friedrich Karl Akel was an Estonian diplomat and politician, a member of the International Olympic Committee., and Head of State of Estonia in 1924....
  
   (26 March 1924-16 December 1924)
• Jüri Jaakson
  Jüri Jaakson
  Jüri Jaakson VR III/1 was an Estonian businessman and politician....
  
   (16 December 1924-15 December 1925)
• Jaan Teemant
  Jaan Teemant
  Jaan Teemant was an Estonian lawyer and politician.Teemant studied in H. Treffner's Private High School. In 1901 he graduated from the Department of Law the St. Petersburg University. He was a solicitor in Tallinn. In 1904–1905 was a member of the Tallinn Municipal Council...
  
   (15 December 1925-9 December 1927)
• Jaan Tõnisson (9 December 1927-4 December 1928)
• August Rei
  August Rei
  August Rei VR III/1 was an Estonian Social Democratic politician. He was born in Pilistvere, Kõo Parish, Viljandi County.- Education :...
  
   (4 December 1928-9 July 1929)
• Otto August Strandman
  Otto Strandman
  Otto August Strandman VR III/1 was an Estonian politician, who served as Prime Minister and State Elder of Estonia . He was one of the leaders of the centre-left Estonian Labour Party, that saw its biggest support after the 1919 and 1920 elections...
  
   (9 July 1929-12 February 1931)
• Konstantin Päts (12 February 1931-19 February 1932)
• Jaan Teemant (19 February 1932-19 July 1932)
• Kaarel Eenpalu
  Kaarel Eenpalu
  Kaarel Eenpalu was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state.- Education :...
  
   (19 July 1932-1 November 1932)
• Konstantin Päts (1 November 1932-18 May 1933)
• Jaan Tõnisson (18 May 1933-21 October 1933)
• Konstantin Päts (21 October 1933-24 January 1934)

Title: Prime Minister acting Head of State (Peaminister Riigivanema ülesannetes) (1934 - 1937)

• Konstantin Päts (24 January 1934 - 3 September 1937)

Title: President-Regent (Riigihoidja) (1937 - 1938)

• Konstantin Päts (3 September 1937 - 24 April 1938)

Title: President of the Republic

President of the Republic

The President of the Republic is a title used for heads of government or heads of state in some republics:*President of Argentina, the Presidente de la República Argentina* President of Brazil, the Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil...

 (1938 - 1940)

• Konstantin Päts (24 April 1938 - 21 June 1940)
• Johannes Vares
  Johannes Vares
  Johannes Vares , commonly known as Johannes Vares Barbarus, was an Estonian poet, doctor, and politician.Vares was born in Heimtali, now in Pärsti Parish, Viljandi County, and educated at Pärnu Gymnasium...
  
   (21 June – 21 July 1940 (Prime Minister acting as the President of Repuvblic, Soviet-installed collaborant)

Title: Prime Minister acting President (Peaminister Vabariigi Presidendi ülesandeis) (1940 - 1992)

• Jüri Uluots
  Jüri Uluots
  Jüri Uluots was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu....
  
   (21 June 1940–9 January 1945)
• August Rei
  August Rei
  August Rei VR III/1 was an Estonian Social Democratic politician. He was born in Pilistvere, Kõo Parish, Viljandi County.- Education :...
  
   (9 January 1945–29 March 1963)
• Aleksander Varma (Warma) (30 March 1963–23 December 1970)
• Tõnis Kint
  Tõnis Kint
  Tõnis Kint was an Estonian politician. He served as "Prime Minister in duties of the President" from December 23, 1970 to March 1, 1990.From April 7, 1938 member of the Chamber of Deputies...
  
   (23 December 1970–1 March 1990)
• Heinrich Mark
  Heinrich Mark
  Heinrich Mark was born on October 1, 1911, in Krootuse, Kõlleste Parish, now in Põlva County, Estonia. He died on August 2, 2004, in Stockholm, Sweden....
  
   (1 March 1990–15 September 1992)

Title: Acting Prime Minister

Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...

 (Peaministri asetäitja) (since 1944)

• Otto Tief
  Otto Tief
  Otto Tief was a lawyer, an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician. He was Acting Prime Minister of the last government of Estonia before Soviet troops occupied Estonia in 1944...
  
   (18 September 1944 - 12 January 1944, since 10 October 1944 Soviet prisoner)
• Johannes Sikkar
  Johannes Sikkar
  Johannes Sikkar was first head of the Estonian government in exile as Acting Prime Minister.Sikkar served in the Estonian War of Independence against post-revolutionary Soviet Russia on armoured train as a voluntary and an officer, he was granted a farm, which he held until 1944. He finished...
  
  
• Aleksander Warma
  Aleksander Warma
  Aleksander Warma VR I/3 was an Estonian navy officer, diplomat and painter....
  
  
• Tõnis Kint
  Tõnis Kint
  Tõnis Kint was an Estonian politician. He served as "Prime Minister in duties of the President" from December 23, 1970 to March 1, 1990.From April 7, 1938 member of the Chamber of Deputies...
  
  
• Heinrich Mark
  Heinrich Mark
  Heinrich Mark was born on October 1, 1911, in Krootuse, Kõlleste Parish, now in Põlva County, Estonia. He died on August 2, 2004, in Stockholm, Sweden....
  
  
• Enno Penno
  Enno Penno
  Enno Penno is a former Estonian politician and was acting Prime Minister of Estonia in exile from 1 March 1990 to 15 September 1992.- References :...
  
  

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (in the body of Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

) (1990 - 1991)

• Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
  
   (8 May 1990 - 20 August 1991)

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu esimees) (1991 - 1992)

• Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
  
   (20 August 1991 - 6 October 1992)

Title: President (since 1992)

• Lennart Georg Meri
  Lennart Meri
  Lennart Georg Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement.-Early life:...
  
   (6 October 1992 - 8 October 2001)
• Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
  
   (8 October 2001 - 9 October 2006)
• Toomas Hendrik Ilves
  Toomas Hendrik Ilves
  Toomas Hendrik Ilves is the fourth and current President of Estonia. He is a former diplomat and journalist, was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s and later a member of the European Parliament...
  
   (since 9 October 2006)

United Baltic Duchy

United Baltic Duchy

The proposed United Baltic Duchy also known as the Grand Duchy of Livonia was a state proposed by the Baltic German nobility and exiled Russian nobility after the Russian revolution and German occupation of the Courland, Livonian and Estonian governorates of the Russian Empire.The idea comprised...

 

Title: Regent Councillor (1918)

• Adolf Pilar von Pilchau
  Adolf Pilar von Pilchau
  Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy ....
  
   (9 November - 19 November 1918)

Commune of the Working People of Estonia

Commune of the Working People of Estonia

The Commune of the Working People of Estonia was an unrecognised government claiming the Bolshevik-occupied parts of Republic of Estonia as its territories during the Estonian War of Independence and the Russian Civil War...

 

Title: Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Eesti Töörahva Komuuna Nõukogu esimees) (1918 - 1919)

• Jaan Anvelt
  Jaan Anvelt
  Jaan Anvelt Jaan Anvelt Jaan Anvelt (in Russian Ян Анвельт, also known by the pseudonyms Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak or Н...
  
   (29 November 1918 - 5 June 1919)

Estonian SSR 

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Estonian SSR (Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi esimees) (1940 - 1988)

• Johannes Vares-Barbarus (21 July 1940 - 29 November 1946)
• Nigol Andresen (1946 - 1947)
• Eduard Päll (1947 - 1950)
• August Jakobson (1950 - 1958)
• Johan Eichfeld (1958 - 1961)
• Aleksei Müürisepp (1961 - 7 October 1970)
• Aleksander Ansberg
  Aleksander Ansberg
  Aleksander Ansberg was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Estonia.Ansberg was Deputy Chairman of the Estonian SSR Council of Ministers 1950–1953, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Tallinn Oblast Soviet 1953, Minister of Culture 1953–1963, Deputy Chairman of...
  
   (1970)
• Artur Vader (22 December 1970 – 25 May 1978)
• Meta Vannas
  Meta Vannas
  Meta Vannas was a Soviet politician...
  
   (acting chairman; 1978)
• Johannes Käbin
  Johannes Käbin
  Johannes Käbin was an Soviet politician who led the Estonian Communist Party from 1950 to 1978. He was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1978 to 1983. Initially a hardline Stalinist, he gradually became more moderate in the post-Stalin era...
  
   (1978 - 1983)
• Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
  
   (1983 - 16 November 1988)

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Estonian SSR (independent) (1988 - 1990)

• Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel
  Arnold Rüütel OIH was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006. He was the second President since Estonia regained its independence in 1991....
  
   (16 November 1988 - 8 May 1990)

Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

 

Title: Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...

 (NLKP Keskkomitee peasekretär) (1940 - 1991)

• Joseph Stalin
  Joseph Stalin
  Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
  
   (1940 - 1953)
• Lavrenty Beria (1953)
• Nikita Khrushchev
  Nikita Khrushchev
  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964...
  
   (1953 - 1964)
• Leonid Brezhnev
  Leonid Brezhnev
  Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev  – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to that of Joseph Stalin in...
  
   (1964 - 1982)
• Yuri Andropov
  Yuri Andropov
  Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov was a Soviet politician and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 12 November 1982 until his death fifteen months later.-Early life:...
  
   (1982 - 1984)
• Konstantin Chernenko
  Konstantin Chernenko
  Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko was a Soviet politician and the fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He led the Soviet Union from 13 February 1984 until his death thirteen months later, on 10 March 1985...
  
   (1984 - 1985)
• Mikhail Gorbachev
  Mikhail Gorbachev
  Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the USSR, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991...
  
   (1985 - 1991)

Reichskommissariat Ostland

Reichskommissariat Ostland

Reichskommissariat Ostland, literally "Reich Commissariat Eastland", was the civilian occupation regime established by Nazi Germany in the Baltic states and much of Belarus during World War II. It was also known as Reichskommissariat Baltenland initially...

 

Title: Führer und Reichskanzler (1941 - 1944)

• Adolf Hitler
  Adolf Hitler
  Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
  
   (7 July 1941 - 24 November 1944)

See also

• History of Estonia
  History of Estonia
  Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Before the German invasions in the 13th century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped the spirits of nature...
  
  
• List of Estonian presidents
• List of Swedish monarchs
• List of Russian rulers
• Lists of incumbents