Adolf Pilar von Pilchau
Encyclopedia
Baron
Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau (23 May 1851 – 17 June 1925) was a Baltic German
politician
, regent
of the United Baltic Duchy
(1918).
Pilar von Pilchau became the owner of the Audern
manor
, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870. In 1881 he rented Sauga
manor. Both are situated in modern Pärnu County, Estonia
.
He started his political and administrative career in 1876 as a judge in the first district of Pernau (Pärnu)
and proceeded from there to the position of Pernau city councellor in 1879. Three years later he began working for the Livonian Noble Corporation
, the local government. He filled in the position of the treasurer
. In 1899 he was elected the land councillor of Livonia which was a high position in the local government of Baltic Germans.
From 1908 to 1918 von Pilchau served as the land marshal of Livonia, the leader of the noble corporation. From 1912–17 he was also a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia
as a representative of Livonia.
He was one of the persons behind the creation of the short-lived United Baltic Duchy and the only Chairman of its Regency Council from 5 November 1918 to 28 November 1918.
On 3 January 1919, Pilar von Pilchau went into exile
and lived for several years in Weimar Germany
. He returned to independent Estonia in 1923 with his wife and settled in Pärnu where he died two years later.
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau (23 May 1851 – 17 June 1925) was a Baltic German
Baltic German
The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia. The Baltic German population never made up more than 10% of the total. They formed the social, commercial, political and cultural élite in...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
, regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of the United Baltic Duchy
United Baltic Duchy
The proposed United Baltic Duchy also known as the Grand Duchy of Livonia was a state proposed by the Baltic German nobility and exiled Russian nobility after the Russian revolution and German occupation of the Courland, Livonian and Estonian governorates of the Russian Empire.The idea comprised...
(1918).
Pilar von Pilchau became the owner of the Audern
Audru
Audru is a small borough in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Audru Parish. Audru has a population of 1,548 .-External links:*...
manor
Manorialism
Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market...
, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870. In 1881 he rented Sauga
Sauga
Sauga is a small borough in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Sauga Parish. Sauga has a population of 1,273 .-External links:*...
manor. Both are situated in modern Pärnu County, Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
.
He started his political and administrative career in 1876 as a judge in the first district of Pernau (Pärnu)
Pärnu
Pärnu is a city in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea. It is a popular summer vacation resort with many hotels, restaurants, and large beaches. The Pärnu River flows through the city and drains into the Gulf of Riga...
and proceeded from there to the position of Pernau city councellor in 1879. Three years later he began working for the Livonian Noble Corporation
Baltic Noble Corporations
Baltic Noble Corporations of Courland, Livonia, Estonia, and Oesel were medieval fiefdoms formed by German nobles in the 13th century under vassalage to the Teutonic Knights and Denmark in modern Latvia and Estonia...
, the local government. He filled in the position of the treasurer
Treasurer
A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The adjective for a treasurer is normally "tresorial". The adjective "treasurial" normally means pertaining to a treasury, rather than the treasurer.-Government:...
. In 1899 he was elected the land councillor of Livonia which was a high position in the local government of Baltic Germans.
From 1908 to 1918 von Pilchau served as the land marshal of Livonia, the leader of the noble corporation. From 1912–17 he was also a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia
State Council of Imperial Russia
The State Council was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia.-18th century:Early Tsars' Councils were small and dealt primarily with the external politics....
as a representative of Livonia.
He was one of the persons behind the creation of the short-lived United Baltic Duchy and the only Chairman of its Regency Council from 5 November 1918 to 28 November 1918.
On 3 January 1919, Pilar von Pilchau went into exile
Exile
Exile means to be away from one's home , while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return...
and lived for several years in Weimar Germany
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
. He returned to independent Estonia in 1923 with his wife and settled in Pärnu where he died two years later.