Tõnis Kint
Encyclopedia
Tõnis Kint was an Estonia
n politician. He served as "Prime Minister in duties of the President" (in other words, Estonian head of state in exile
) from December 23, 1970 to March 1, 1990.
From April 7, 1938 member of the Chamber of Deputies. 1953-1963 Estonian Minister of Agriculture, 1963-1970 Acting Prime Minister of the Estonian Government in Exile
.
. In 1916, he studied in the building department of the Riga Polytechnical School
, which was later evacuated to Moscow
. In 1918, he studied in the agricultural department of the Baltic Technical University, opened in Riga
by the German occupation
administration. In 1920-1928, he studied intermittently at the agricultural department of Tartu University. In 1924, he received additional education in the agricultural and veterinary department in Copenhagen Agricultural and Veterinary University.
in Russia) in 1917. During the First World War, he served in an infantry
regiment of the Russian Army. In the beginning of the year 1918, Kint joined a newly formed Estonian regiment at Viljandi
. From 1918 to 1920 he fought in the Estonian War of Independence on the broad-tracked armour train No. 2, as Commander of its machine-gun commandos. At the end of the war he was promoted to Lieutenant and acting commander of the train.
In 1944, Kint escaped to Sweden. From 1945 to 1949 was employed at the Uppsala Agricultural University (at Ultuna) as archive assistant, 1945-51 an agricultural adviser in the Stockholm County, and in 1951-1975 a researcher for the Swedish Agricultural Union (Landbrukarnas Riksförbund) and in its Agricultural Economics Research Institute (Jordbrukets Utredningsinstitut), in 1957 Editor-in-Chief of the "Teataja" newspaper. He resigned from this job in 1975.
From 1950 he was a Member of the Board and later an Honorary Member of the Agricultural Union of Free Estonians. From 1971 to 1975, he was Chairman of the Estonian National Council, Honorary Member and Honorary Chairman of the Estonian Agronomists
' Society in Sweden and Honorary Member of the Swedish Society for the Development of Rural
Regions (Sällskapet för Landbygdsutveckling).
In 1983 he became a Chevalier of the Polish Order of Restitution (Order Odrodzenia Polski).
Kint had many publications in the field of agriculture. He also published his memoirs, and the book The Broad Tracked Armour Train No. 2 in the War of Liberty with Edvin Reinvaldt.
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
n politician. He served as "Prime Minister in duties of the President" (in other words, Estonian head of state in exile
Exile
Exile means to be away from one's home , while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return...
) from December 23, 1970 to March 1, 1990.
From April 7, 1938 member of the Chamber of Deputies. 1953-1963 Estonian Minister of Agriculture, 1963-1970 Acting Prime Minister of the Estonian Government in Exile
Estonian Government in Exile
The Estonian Government in Exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1953 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1992...
.
Education
Kint graduated from the High School of Sciences in TartuTartu
Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the...
. In 1916, he studied in the building department of the Riga Polytechnical School
Riga Technical University
Riga Technical University is located in Riga, Latvia.- Riga Polytechnical Institute, 1862-1918 :...
, which was later evacuated to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. In 1918, he studied in the agricultural department of the Baltic Technical University, opened in Riga
Riga
Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,...
by the German occupation
History of Estonia
Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Before the German invasions in the 13th century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped the spirits of nature...
administration. In 1920-1928, he studied intermittently at the agricultural department of Tartu University. In 1924, he received additional education in the agricultural and veterinary department in Copenhagen Agricultural and Veterinary University.
Military career
In 1916, Kint was mobilised to the Russian Army, finished military school at Tsaritsyn (known today as VolgogradVolgograd
Volgograd , formerly called Tsaritsyn and Stalingrad is an important industrial city and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is long, north to south, situated on the western bank of the Volga River...
in Russia) in 1917. During the First World War, he served in an infantry
Infantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
regiment of the Russian Army. In the beginning of the year 1918, Kint joined a newly formed Estonian regiment at Viljandi
Viljandi
Viljandi is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 19,150 . It is the capital of Viljandi County. The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe....
. From 1918 to 1920 he fought in the Estonian War of Independence on the broad-tracked armour train No. 2, as Commander of its machine-gun commandos. At the end of the war he was promoted to Lieutenant and acting commander of the train.
Life after the wars
From 1928 to 1932, Kint was Head of the Agricultural Bookkeeping Department. From 1932 to 1938, he served as Assistant and Managing Director of the department. From 1938 to 1940, he was Director of the Chamber of Agriculture. In 1940, he put up a candidacy on the Riigivolikogu elections as one of the counter-candidates of the "Estonian Working People's Union." His candidacy was deleted with other counter-candidacies. During the German occupation was director of the market management department in the Eesti Omavalitsus (Estonian Self-Government), he was released due to conflicts with the occupation power. Thereafter lived in his father's farm and worked in the Estonian Consumers' Centre.In 1944, Kint escaped to Sweden. From 1945 to 1949 was employed at the Uppsala Agricultural University (at Ultuna) as archive assistant, 1945-51 an agricultural adviser in the Stockholm County, and in 1951-1975 a researcher for the Swedish Agricultural Union (Landbrukarnas Riksförbund) and in its Agricultural Economics Research Institute (Jordbrukets Utredningsinstitut), in 1957 Editor-in-Chief of the "Teataja" newspaper. He resigned from this job in 1975.
From 1950 he was a Member of the Board and later an Honorary Member of the Agricultural Union of Free Estonians. From 1971 to 1975, he was Chairman of the Estonian National Council, Honorary Member and Honorary Chairman of the Estonian Agronomists
Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, feed, fiber, and reclamation. Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology,...
' Society in Sweden and Honorary Member of the Swedish Society for the Development of Rural
Rural
Rural areas or the country or countryside are areas that are not urbanized, though when large areas are described, country towns and smaller cities will be included. They have a low population density, and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture...
Regions (Sällskapet för Landbygdsutveckling).
In 1983 he became a Chevalier of the Polish Order of Restitution (Order Odrodzenia Polski).
Kint had many publications in the field of agriculture. He also published his memoirs, and the book The Broad Tracked Armour Train No. 2 in the War of Liberty with Edvin Reinvaldt.