Etiquette in Latin America - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Etiquette in Latin America varies by country and by region within a given country.

Generalizations

There are several definitions of Latin America, but all of them define a huge expansive of geography with an incalculable amount of different customs, However, some generalizations can be made:

As every definition of Latin America connotes a shared cultural and linguistic legacy with roots in Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

and Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

, and to a lesser extent France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

, many points of etiquette in Europe
Etiquette in Europe
Etiquette in Europe is not uniform. Even within the regions of Europe, etiquette may not be uniform: within a single country there may be differences in customs, especially where there are different linguistic groups, as in Switzerland where there are French, German and Italian speakers.Despite...

are applicable, especially those specific to those nations.
Some countries in South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...

, primarily Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

and Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...

have more European cultural traits and influences.
Compared to much of the English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

-speaking world, people from areas of Latin America may demonstrate more relaxed and casual behavior and be more comfortable with loud talk, exaggerated gestures and physical contact.
In addition, many Latin American people have a smaller sense of personal space
Personal space
Personal space is the region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs. Most people value their personal space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety when their personal space is encroached. Permitting a person to enter personal space and entering somebody else's personal...

than people from English-speaking cultures. It may be rude to step away from someone when they are stepping closer.
In addition to varying greatly from one individual to another and along various demographic lines, this tendency towards comparatively warm and relaxed behavior does not necessarily hold true among many communities of indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....

, including those who have adopted Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

or Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...

as their primary language.
At some finer restaurants, it may be considered rude for the staff to bring a customer the check without the customer first requesting it.
Getting the last snack or canape left in a plate without offering it around first makes the person seem rude/greedy.
It is considered impolite to "toss" objects to people instead of directly handing it to them.
At the workplace, indiscretions, errors or overall poor performance should be pointed out in private. Mentioning them in front of other colleagues (such as in a meeting) is perceived as hostile.
The American "come here" gesture of palm upwards with the fingers curled back can be considered a romantic solicitation.
Throughout Latin America, there are communities of people with strong ethnic and cultural ties to other parts of the world. One example is the 1.5 million strong Japanese Brazilian community for whom certain points of etiquette in Asia
Etiquette in Asia
As expectations regarding good manners differ from person to person and vary according to each situation, no treatise on the rules of etiquette nor any list of faux pas can ever be complete. As the perception of behaviors and actions vary, intercultural competence is essential...

may be applicable. Some of these same points of etiquette would apply in Chinatowns in Latin America
Chinatowns in Latin America
Chinatowns in Latin America developed with the rise of Chinese immigration in the 19th century to various countries in Latin America as contract laborers in agricultural and fishing industries. Most came from Guangdong Province. Since the 1970s, the new arrivals have typically hailed from Hong...

. Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

has large communities of German Argentines, Irish Argentines, and so on.
In many instances, points of etiquette applicable to Latin America will also hold true with Latino
Latino
The demonyms Latino and Latina , are defined in English language dictionaries as:* "a person of Latin-American descent."* "A Latin American."* "A person of Hispanic, especially Latin-American, descent, often one living in the United States."...

people in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

.
Phrases like "in America" or "I'm from America" (especially when speaking Spanish) when referring to the United States is confusing or offensive to Latin American people as America is a continent, not just the United States. Therefore, all people born in the American continent are Americans. People from the United States of America are referred to by their nationality, "estadounidense"or "Norte americano" (lit. "United-Statian" or "North-american). (But of course "North-American" is problematic for exactly the same reason just mentioned. Canada and Mexico are also part of the North American continent.)
Many elements of U.S. American culture left an imprint on life in Latin America, but be advised on ever bringing up topics or discussion of subjects about the impact of U.S. Foreign policy.
Avoid talk of racial issues: Latin Americans have a history of the merger of the European and indigenous races into the mestizo
Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Latin America, Philippines and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent...

, and in other nations like Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela have large percentages of African and mixed race African/Caucasian ancestors. In Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....

and Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

, many of the inhabitants rather identify themselves as "white" or castizo
Castizo
Castizo is a Spanish word with a general meaning of "pure" or "genuine". The feminine form is castiza. From this meaning it evolved other meanings, such as "typical of an area" and it was also used for one of the colonial Spanish race categories, the castas, that evolved in the seventeenth...

, a variant of the colonial casta
Casta
Casta is a Portuguese and Spanish term used in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries mainly in Spanish America to describe as a whole the mixed-race people which appeared in the post-Conquest period...

system no longer in official practice, but each Latin American country has a unique different identity of their own. A few like Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...

and Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...

have a larger racial Amerindian minority and most inhabitants speak an indigenous language.
Religion
Religion in Latin America
Religion in Latin America is characterized by the predominance of Catholic Christianity, as well as by the presence of other world religions.-Christianity:...

is not to be taken lightly, many Latin Americans are devoted to their faith, especially the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...

from its Spanish and Portuguese colonial past, are a major force in life in the majority of countries' polity and social life. Festivals and holidays dedicated to patron saints and holy figures of Catholic Christianity are celebrated. A few nations: Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

, Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...

and Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...

are comparably more secular, where nominal church membership but irregular attendance is a common trait and even a stronger sense of the separation of church and state
Separation of church and state
The concept of the separation of church and state refers to the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state....

(same goes with post-revolutionary Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

), though all of Latin America governments guarantee the right of or had granted the freedom of religion
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance; the concept is generally recognized also to include the freedom to change religion or not to follow any...

.

Argentina

Sunday is commonly the day Argentines gather in family for lunch or dinner.
Table manners are Continental - hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right while slicing.
Do not begin eating until the hostess invites you to do so.
If you happen upon others that are about to eat, it is very considerate to say "buen provecho" or simply "provecho" (lit. "I hope the food is good for you"). The same should be said if you need to excuse yourself early from a meal.
In a formal setting, wait for a toast to be made before taking the first sip of your drink.
If a toast is made, which can happen at various points during a dinner, make sure your glass isn't empty before joining in, as it is considered bad luck to toast with an empty glass.
Likewise, you should take at least a sip of your glass after toasting and before placing your glass back on the table, as not doing so is considered bad luck.
If a toast is done in a formal setting, you will have to softly bump glasses with the people near you. In a less formal setting you will probably have to bump glasses with people beyond arm's length, for which all the guests will raise from the chairs and travel around the table.
A kiss in the cheek with or without a hug is a standard greeting amongst both men and women, with both people of the same or the opposite sex, except in very formal settings. Two kisses (one in either cheek) are common in some areas, again regardless of the gender of the participants. Handshakes are also common but generally reserved to men. A different version of the handshake in which the hand is wrapped around the other person's thumb and back of the palm is common amongst younger people but strictly informal.
"Gracias" ("Thank you") should be followed a response of "de nada" (lit. "it's nothing", equivalent to "you are welcome"), except for the instances mentioned below.
When someone sneezes, you should say "Salud" (lit. "health", equivalent to "bless you"). The appropriate response for this is "gracias", which should not be followed with "de nada".
If you are offered mate
Mate (beverage)
Mate , also known as chimarrão or cimarrón, is a traditional South American infused drink, particularly in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, southern states of Brazil, south of Chile, the Bolivian Chaco, and to some extent, Syria and Lebanon...

and you do not wish to partake of it, you might say "No, gracias" ("no, thank you"). If, however, you start drinking, you are expected to continue accepting mates until you signal that you have had enough. You do this by saying "gracias" after finishing and returning your last mate. This will not be followed by "de nada".
It is often considered rude to point at a person or even an object with the index finger. People typically point with the whole hand or with a movement of the head and a puckering of the lips towards that which is being indicated.
You are expected to greet the people you meet, and if visiting somewhere, or in a work environment, saying goodbye before you leave. A number of expressions are available that vary according to familiarity with the other persons or with the time of day. "Buenos días/Buen día" ("good morning"), "buenas tardes" ("good afternoon") and "buenas noches" ("good evening") are formal and adequate in every occasion. "Hola, qué tal?" ("Hello, what's up?"), "hasta luego", ("see you later"), "hasta mañana" ("see you tomorrow") and a large number of similar variants are more informal but generally adequate. "Buenas" (short for "buenos días/buenas tardes/buenas noches", "chau" ("bye", derived from the Italian ciao
Ciao
The word "ciao" is an informal Italian verbal salutation or greeting, meaning either "hello", "goodbye", "bye" or "hi". Originally from the Venetian language, it was adopted into the Italian language and eventually entered the vocabulary of English and of many other languages around the world...

), etc., are very informal, though not necessarily improper.
Younger people are expected to give their bus seats to the elderly, and men to women.
Punctuality is not generally observed, at least in informal settings.
Gifts are generally opened when received, and the receiver is both expected to make some degree of fuss about it, as well as insisting that the giver should not have bothered, thus showing their gratitude. This won't be the case in large parties (weddings, some birthday parties) were the gifts are placed in special tables and opened later, in private.
Public displays of affection are generally fine.
If you are invited to dinner at someone's home, it is good manners to bring something for the dinner. A bottle of wine is a good choice, as is some dessert.
Hats and sunglasses should not be worn indoors.
It is considered bad manners to sneeze, cough or yawn without covering your mouth with your hand or with a handkerchief. Blowing your nose at a table is frowned upon. Other public displays of bodily functions are generally considered rude and should avoided.
It is expected that you will tip the waiter.
The Malvinas
Malvinas
Islas Malvinas is the Spanish name of two groups of islands:*A group of islands in the South Atlantic, known in English as the Falkland Islands*A chain of tiny islands and rocks near Ibiza in the Mediterranean...

/Falkland War is a very sensitive issue that should probably be avoided unless you are very familiar with it. If you call the Islands "Falkland" rather than "Malvinas", you will be seen as supporting the British side of the conflict, and thus considered hostile to the country.
Futbol is a very popular subject of conversation, though it is possibly to cause heated arguments, so tread lightly around this.
Most but not all social norms in Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...

are similar. But remember Argentina and Uruguay are different countries.

Bolivia

There are important differences in social interactions and customs between the Andean area and the lowlands. The following apply mostly in the Andean area.

When hosting you need to serve any kind of food to your guest and insist that they eat. Putting a plate of finger food
Finger food
Finger food is food meant to be eaten directly using the hands, in contrast to food eaten with a knife and fork, chopsticks, or other utensils. In some cultures, food is almost always eaten with the hands; for example, Ethiopian cuisine is eaten by rolling various dishes up in injera bread. In the...

in the middle for people to help themselves creates an awkward situation for most Bolivians.
Bolivians acting as host will often belittle and apologize for the food they are serving. This is just politeness.
When you finish eating in company, even strangers, you must say "Buen provecho" or "Que aproveche". This is answered with "gracias" which is not followed by "de nada".
In the countryside guests will be served a plate and left alone to eat. This is courtesy and goes on until you've been accepted as a close friend of the family.
Andean people are not very tactile. Cheek-kissing with women is a sign of closeness. In the city any public display of affection
Public display of affection
Public displays of affection are acts of physical intimacy in the view of others. What are acceptable displays of affection vary between cultures as well as to time and context. Which acts are acceptable have also varied over time...

between a couple, starting from holding hands, even if married, is at least awkward. Among young wipper-snappers, friends of the same sex may hold hands and even hold each other by the shoulder, in public. Handshakes are softer and as a show of appreciation may hold a little longer, only between friends of the same sex.
Politics, socioeconomics and racial groups are sensitive topics one should not get into in discussion.

Brazil

Brazilians speak Portuguese
Brazilian Portuguese
Brazilian Portuguese is a group of Portuguese dialects written and spoken by most of the 190 million inhabitants of Brazil and by a few million Brazilian emigrants, mainly in the United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Canada, Japan and Paraguay....

, not Spanish. Addressing someone who speaks Portuguese in Spanish, although most Brazilians understand Spanish to a reasonable degree, may be considered very offensive.
In Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

, a form of the American "okay" gesture
A-ok
An A-OK is both a saying, derived from okay, and a hand-gesture done by connecting the thumb and forefinger in to a circle , and holding the other fingers straight or relaxed in the air.Unicode symbol U+1F44C represents this gesture....

may be obscene when directed at someone. However, the standard "okay" gesture is also used, as is the "thumbs up" gesture.
The number 24 is strongly associated with homosexuality in Brazil. Giving someone anything with that number (i.e. a jersey) might be badly understood, but playful among close friends.
The gesture of "flipping someone off" by hitting the wrist against the inside of the elbow (sometimes called "a banana" in Brazil) is considered playful and not very offensive (in some other parts of the world, this is more akin to "the finger").
Giving someone of the opposite gender a gift may be misinterpreted as a romantic overture, except in birthdays.
Men shake hands on meeting and departing. They may share a hug if they are close friends. Men and women kiss on the cheek when greeting, women kiss each other on the cheek. The number of times people should kiss, alternating sides, varies according to the region, being three, two times or just once.
Personal questions may be asked at an earlier time than what North Americans and Europeans are accustomed to. Nevertheless, questions about finances and personal gains are often considered rude.
The concept of personal space is much less stringent than in (say) the United States. Brazilians may stand much closer to each other than Americans normally tolerate. For instance, people greeting each other on a public stairway may almost entirely block the passage of other people, expecting them to simply force their way through or squeeze around. Likewise, in crowds, physically bumping into other people is not only not seen as an offense (as it is in the U.S.A) but is also somewhat expected.
When offering something, especially food, Brazilians will often repeat the offer several times and with increasing enthusiasm. Offering something only once can be rude. It is not impolite to refuse such offers, and in some cases they may be made just to be polite without really hoping a person will accept.
In some parts of the country, most notably in rural areas in which homes may not have doorbells, the appropriate action is to stand in the yard and clap one's hands. If no one comes to the door, then the visitor may approach the door, knock, and then step back away from the door and await a response. This is especially applicable in regards to small, thin-walled cottages that offer less privacy than homes in North America.
People in Brazil use to be very receptive and not formal. Calling a young woman "Senhora" may be considered offensive. The word "Senhorita" (lit. little miss) is not used and is seen as an archaism.
Punctuality is not taken too seriously in Brazil. Showing up exactly on schedule for a party is very uncommon. Sometimes is considered rude to show up in time, half an hour delay is common.
Different from other cultures, it is considered rude not to open the gift in front of the person who gave it.

Chile

In Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

, good etiquette calls for wine to be poured with the right hand and wine glasses should always be held by the stem.
The customer of a restaurant must ask for the check, otherwise it won't be brought.
In past generations it was somewhat common for women and young men to greet male and female friends with a kiss on the cheek. However, for may years the trend has been for a cheek-kiss only between men and women (i.e., not between men, but typically yes between women). Close male friends more typically greet one another with an "abrazo" or male hug, which usually does not involve face contact.
Chileans tend to stand close to one another while talking and when in queues (lines). This is in part because chilenos typically do not recognise European queue etiquette and discipline.
Opening the door for a woman or helping her with her luggage, etc., are not considered flirtatious actions.
It is common for men to stare at women. (It is harmless and meant to flatter).
Women should be prepared to be bombarded with catcalls. (It is harmless and meant to flatter).
Both practices to attract the opposite sex is actually inappropriate in a professional setting.
When eating in company you should not put your hands under the table.
Tipping to bellboys and people who pack things on the supermarket can be considered a must sometimes, thus when not doing so it is very recommendable to state you do not have money, but never that you do not want to do so.
It is well looked upon to give your seat to elderly people or pregnant ladies when inside public transport.
Chileans, both male and female, tend to use lots of rude words when in confidence. Do not take this as an insult, it's meant to be endearing, but do not try to use those words yourself as it will appear highly humorous to them.
When smoking, offer a cigarette to everyone. Chileans have a saying for those who neglect to share: "Did you learn to smoke in jail?"
If two or more people are having a conversation and you need to leave or want to leave it is well looked to say "disculpe" or "permiso" (excuse me).
It is usual to greet family members with a kiss on the cheek.
It is common for children to be prompted to greet everyone who already has greeted the adult that is with him or her.
The term "caballero" is more commonly used than "señor" to politely address or refer to a male in public.
Avoid discussion about politics (in regards to a history of democracy with civil unrest), authoritarian leaders (i.e. Pinochet), and comments on Chile being backward (even though many Chileans will agree with such an observation). Similarly, avoid other third-world references such as the high crime rate, and the deplorable state of public education and prisons in Chile.
Also to avoid topics about racial identity of Chileans (the majority of people are mestizo
Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Latin America, Philippines and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent...

of American Indian and European descent), but it is true western European cultural influences made Chile stand apart from its northern neighbors.

Colombia

Gifts are never opened in public unless the giver insists.
Group waves are extremely unacceptable.
After finishing dinner, expect to stay for a few hours. Leaving right away might be perceived as that you were there only for a free meal.
Avoid discussing the drug trade
Drug trade
Drug trade may refer to:* Illegal drug trade, the manufacture and sale of illicit psychoactive substances* Pharmaceutical industry, the manufacture and sale of medical treatment chemicals...

. This is a delicate subject in Colombia.
The elderly are given high respect; men are often referred to as Don and women as Doña, followed by their first names.
There is a strong sense of cultural regionalism in Colombian society. Many Colombians (especially but not exclusively the older generation) identify themselves first with their home region, then their nationality. This is particular true in Antioquia
Antioquia Department
Antioquia is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the central northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders the Caribbean Sea. Most of its territory is mountainous with some valleys, much of which is part of the Andes mountain range...

and Valle departments. Bogota for being Colombia's mixing pot might not necessarily reflect such regional identity.
Colombians that do not know each other typically begin every issue with small talk, no matter how trivial. "Getting to the point" immediately might be seen as impatient and impolite.
Colombians have a great variety of regional accents. If you speak fluent Spanish, do not try to imitate the accents, for it may be viewed unfavorably by some.
It is considered improper and slightly immature for adult men to wear shorts (except in recreational areas, such as parks, the beach, or pools).
It is not usually acceptable to drop by someone's house without calling.
In most areas (i.e. Bogotá
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital , from 1991 to 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district...

) it is common for men to greet women friends kissing once on the cheek if they are friends. Kissing a strange woman is considered impolite sometimes (more if you are in a business gathering), especially if she is elder.
It is considered polite to say thanks after common actions such as someone opening a door, offering or giving something to drink or eat, or when plates are taken from the table, and after most routine actions whenever they are not expected.
When referring to someone's height in a conversation, Colombians usually make a distinction between animals and humans in a visual manner by positioning their hand with the palm facing the floor when talking about animals and with the palm facing to the side (like when one is to give a handshake) when talking about humans height.
Most Colombian women in urban areas respond gladly to decent male flattering (known as piropo). This is quite different from other countries where such expressions could be seen as sexual advances.
People in Bogota and the center region of Colombia and to a lesser degree in some other parts of the country could be sensitive to the use of formal and informal Spanish. For example in a business meeting it might not be appropriate to use the informal you (tu) instead the formal you is used (usted). See Spanish conjugation
Spanish conjugation
This article presents a set of paradigms — that is, conjugation tables — of Spanish verbs, including examples of regular verbs and some of the most common irregular verbs...

.
In Bogota the wearing of sandals or open shoes by women is frowned upon in some exclusive commercial locations.
Unlike the US, most (if not all) restaurants include the tip in the total amount to be paid by the customer, you may choose to not pay it anyway.

Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...

has a history of some strong cultural connections with the USA.
Dominicans tend to be direct in social situations, but are subtle when making requests and offering criticism.
Personal questions may be asked at an earlier time than what North Americans and Europeans are accustomed to.
Dominican society is extremely family-oriented; thus, nepotism
Nepotism
Nepotism is favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit. The word nepotism is from the Latin word nepos, nepotis , from which modern Romanian nepot and Italian nipote, "nephew" or "grandchild" are also descended....

in organizations and workplaces is regarded as a good thing.
Avoid discussing Haitian immigration, Dominician emigration and racial identity (most of the population are mixed-race African/Caucasian). Most people will let you know what they want to speak about so just listen. Most Dominicans love to talk about what is happening in the country; they might even battle each other about a certain topic.
Salsa, merengue and even reggaetón may seem like "sexy dancing", but there are unspoken rules. It is rude for a man to dance too close to a woman who is not his wife or girlfriend, even if others seem to be doing it. (The same rules apply in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

.)
Dominicans also expect you to look your best at all times. This is seen especially in the women who take pride in their appearance.
When an invitation is issued (such as to go to dinner or to a bar), invitees typically assume that everything will be paid for. The same is true in Mexico and in other parts of Latin America.
Dominican are extremely friendly people. They usually shake hands & give a kiss (cheeks) when they are introduced to someone or when they cross by a known friend.
The man is the one supposed to pay during a date.
A woman never approaches a man first (usually).
Is not considered polite to ask a woman about her age (also common in Puerto Rico and much of North America).
When you're eating and someone arrives, the eater says "a buen tiempo" (it means "you're arriving in good time") usually is polite to say "buen provecho" (it means "good eating") subtly meaning "have a nice meal.".
Dominicans LOVE to talk, but politeness is important in conversation.
Dominicans are not punctual (this is more common in informal settings, less so in professional): it's usually around 40 minutes after the scheduled time. If you planned to meet at 8:00 they will show up at 8:40.
The most popular sport in the country is baseball, so this should be the right choice of conversation.

Ecuador

Visitors to Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...

often marvel at the brightly-colored traditional attire of natives. However, it is impolite to photograph
Photograph
A photograph is an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic imager such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of...

someone before asking permission. Some people will ask for a tip in exchange for this favor and to begrudge them this source of income is considered unkind. Moreover, do not dress in traditional attire; this will be perceived as mocking the local culture. Only the natives are entitled to do so, not even Ecuadorians from the city (non-Indians and rural areas).
Beachwear should only be worn at the beach and not in towns. The same with short pants for grown- ups. (men and women)
Never refer to someone as an "Indian", unless they happen to consider themselves so.
Men greet women, and women greet women, touching right cheek to right cheek and making a kissing sound. Not doing it is considered impolite.
When invited, it is consider impolite not to bring a present. (If not asked, never bring food, more appropriate would be flowers, wine, chocolates or a small toy for the host's child) The same when you are (even for a short time) meeting someone at their home and they offer snacks or something to drink. It is often polite to decline the first time, but not accepting later would be consider impolite.
Dance: (see Dominican Republic), Ecuadorian styles are more based on Andean and Colombian.
There is a strong sense of regionalism in Ecuadorian society. Many Ecuadorians identify themselves first with their home region (specially if they are from the coast or the highland), then their nationality.
While a few object to the title "American" in reference to citizens of the United States, most have no problem with this.
Politics are a controversial subject in the country. One should avoid talking about religion, politics, money or illness at dinner with (not so close) friends and strangers.
To blow one's nose in public, while eating or in a room is considered vulgar and one should try to avoid it. The same rule applies in Venezuela.
Ecuadorian society, like in most South American countries, is very conservative and foreigners (e.g. foreign exchange students, in-laws, but not necessarily tourists) should observe this and try to behave like their peers.
Like in most South American countries, unmarried childless (young) women should always be referred to as "señorita" and not "señora", otherwhise you could offend them. If unsure, it's better to say "señorita". If married, she will feel herself flattered and will immediately correct it. In addition, asking women about their age is considered rude.
Women expect doors to be opened for them by males, be helped with luggage etc. These actions are not construed as flirtatious.
When dealing with someone with an academic degree in a formal (e.g. at work) situation, it is usual to mention it. (Ingeniero/a, Licenciado/a, Doctor/a, Abogado/a, Economista, Contador/a, Arquitecto/a) If used outside a formal situation (e.g. between friends), the titles might sound sarcastic.
People's hygiene habits are very important, especially in the tropical climate of Guayaquil or other tropical cities in the country. People are expected to take one or more baths or showers daily. Body odor, unshaven legs and underarms in women, ugly or dirty bare feet, or wrinkled clothing and dirty shoes are considered disgusting. Many men wear cologne and have a comb with them. Women usually wear high heels. Never use sport (running) shoes at a formal restaurant, work or going out with friends at night.

Haiti

Although tied more closely to France than Spain or Portugal, the etiquette regarding Haiti
Haiti
Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...

are generally similar to other Latin American countries.
Haitians often signify particular people through appearances or characteristics. Calling someone "white man" (blan) and "the dark skinned one" (neg) are often mere terms of acknowledgement with no racist overtones.
Entering a household and not greeting the elders or owners of the household is regarded as highly offensive.
Being overly generous can be interpreted as offensive as to them it may seem as if you pity them.
Eating is considered a social event and so withdrawing from the center of activities during meals is considered slightly offensive.
Avoid discussing Dominican life to Haitians as well as the corruption within government, as these are sensitive subjects. (If you do not know about the subject)
The infamous Haitian Creole phrase "Langet Maman" is highly offensive, insulting one's mother. Uttering this to someone will almost positively provoke conflict.
Haitians use very good manners and take things seriously.
Haitians expect to haggle when making a purchase.
Men shake hands on meeting and departing, men and women kiss on the cheek when greeting, women kiss each other on the cheek. Friends, family and close acquaintances usually share a light kiss on the cheek.
Punctuality is not highly valued and being late is usually not considered rude.
People of the same gender holding hands is an ordinary display of friendship though women and men seldom show public affection toward the opposite sex but are affectionate in private.
Because of almost all Haitians are descended from African slaves, so many etiquettes in Africa also applied to Haiti.

Mexico

In some regions, the color purple is associated with funerals and should be avoided when giving flower
Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...

s.
The courtesy titles "Señora" and "Señorita" (Mrs. and Miss, respectively) are taken colloquially as "Married Woman" and "Virgin Woman". This follows Catholic
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...

prohibitions against intercourse outside of marriage. Hence, it is more polite to address even an elderly woman as "Señorita" if her marital status is unknown. To do otherwise impugns her character.
Some Mexicans are religious. It is a predominantly Catholic country. Church tours in the country are very solemn, while non-Catholic churches are present, be advised to witness some Catholic practices (the "trinity cross" hand gesture/prayer salute) in tours.
When an invitation to go out is issued (e.g. going to dinner) using the words or the phrase "I invite you to...", it is common that invitees typically assume all the expenses will be on the inviter.
Several kinds of food are eaten with the fingers (taco
Taco
A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling. A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, chicken, seafood, vegetables and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety...

s, tortas, churros, etc.) Eating them with a fork and knife is viewed as both comical and snobbish. In case of doubt, follow the lead of other diners.
In some regions of Mexico leaving an empty plate after dining is rude, whereas in some others is rude to leave it with food. Then again, in some regions it is appropriate to accept a second portion, while in others a rejection is expected; always speak clear about your eating in order to not get misunderstood.
Before starting to eat it is a common courtesy to say/be wished "Buen provecho" (as in "Bon appetit") when in company of new people. This courtesy is almost not used between long-time-known friends.
Toasting
Toast (honor)
A toast is a ritual in which a drink is taken as an expression of honor or goodwill. The term may be applied to the person or thing so honored, the drink taken, or the verbal expression accompanying the drink. Thus, a person could be "the toast of the evening," for whom someone "proposes a toast"...

with water (and, to a lesser degree, any non-alcoholic
Alcoholic beverage
An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption...

drink) is regarded as bad luck.
Going to the bathroom during any meal is not acceptable but even more so in formal situations.
The least a host can offer a visitor is a glass of water. Several other kinds of drinks can be offered. Offering alcoholic drinks is appropriate if meeting in the evening, or if the visitor is a well-known person to the host.
Women expect doors to be opened for them by males. This also applies to lighting of cigarette
Cigarette
A cigarette is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well...

s, turning off mobile phones in dates or appointments, and helping them to their seat. None of these actions are construed as flirtatious
Flirting
Flirting is a playful, romantic, or sexual overture by one person to another subtly indicating an interest in a deeper relationship with the other person, and can involve verbal communication as well as body language...

but simply as a gentleman
Gentleman
The term gentleman , in its original and strict signification, denoted a well-educated man of good family and distinction, analogous to the Latin generosus...

courtesy gesture.
Gender specific situations, phrases and behaviors are expected in conservative regions of the country. Many upper-class Mexicans are less chauvinistic and biased towards women in social roles. Machismo
Machismo
Machismo, or machoism, is a word of Spanish and Portuguese origin that describes prominently exhibited or excessive masculinity. As an attitude, machismo ranges from a personal sense of virility to a more extreme male chauvinism...

(male assertiveness/aggressiveness) versus feminity issues are still present in older age Mexicans in conservative regions.
As in the USA, unless service is atrocious, tips should never be below 10% of the bill total as they are commonly a waiter's main means of income. 15% or more is most appropriate.
When dealing with someone with an academic degree in a formal situation, it is usual to mention it. For a BA-level, the distinctions are clear (Ingeniero and Licenciado for graduates of Engineering programs or for most other fields, respectively). Afterwards, it's usual to call a Master "maestro" and a Doctor-level student "Doctor". If used outside a formal situation, the titles might sound ironic.
It is common for men to greet ladies (and vice-versa) by kissing one time on the cheek. It is not so common when introduced to someone for the first time, as this means closeness or relation.
When someone sneezes, you should say "Salud" (lit. "Health"). This is the equivalent for "bless you" in United States. The person who sneezed should respond with "Gracias" ("Thank you").
The use of the Mexican flag
Flag of Mexico
The flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War...

for any other reason than from national holidays (such as Independence Day
Mexican War of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on 16 September 1810. The movement, which became known as the Mexican War of Independence, was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought...

) is considered a serious insult and faux pas for Mexicans, as so is painting, throwing, clothing it, etc. and is also penalized under the law.
Using Mexican Spanish phrases and interjections like "Chihuahua", "Caramba", "Ándale", "Taco" (Mexican Taco Bell
Taco Bell
Taco Bell is an American chain of fast-food restaurants based in Irvine, California. A subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., which serves American-adapted Mexican food. Taco Bell serves tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, other specialty items, and a variety of "Value Menu" items...

s advertise Tacos as Tacostadas or Tachitos) or "bad words" thinking that by doing so you will "blend in" is sometimes seen as mocking and disrespectful coming from tourists.

Mexican men can speak with dirty language (albur
Albur
In Mexico, an albur is a pun or a double entendre in which one of the possible meanings usually carries sexual undertones. It is very common among groups of predominately male friends; however, its use is considered rude or distasteful when not amongst friends, especially when in the presence of...

) among themselves (be this friends or relatives). But women must avoid this, for it is regarded as vulgar and low class.
Trying to use Mexican Spanish double entendre
Double entendre
A double entendre or adianoeta is a figure of speech in which a spoken phrase is devised to be understood in either of two ways. Often the first meaning is straightforward, while the second meaning is less so: often risqué or ironic....

or albur
Albur
In Mexico, an albur is a pun or a double entendre in which one of the possible meanings usually carries sexual undertones. It is very common among groups of predominately male friends; however, its use is considered rude or distasteful when not amongst friends, especially when in the presence of...

is not recommended since the connotations of the double talk are usually sexual and may be used against the speaker. If keen on an explanation of the double entendre it is recommendable to do so in a more private environment.
Be advised on socioeconomical issues (i.e. classism
Classism
Classism is prejudice or discrimination on the basis of social class. It includes individual attitudes and behaviors, systems of policies and practices that are set up to benefit the upper classes at the expense of the lower classes...

) are very strong and prevalent in the country.
Avoid discussions on politics, national differences between US and Mexico, and especially racial/ethnic issues. Mexican-Americans in the USA as an ethnic group have experienced discrimination. Mexicans are highly aware of the historical conflict with the United States in this case, as well economic disparity, political crises and global diplomatic issues are not discussed without respect and appropriate sympathy. In fact, the Mexican Constitution specifically says that only Mexican citizens are to formally participate in the political arena.

Nicaragua

In Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...

, exchanges of hospitality are important. Refusing a drink (especially on a hot day) or not praising the host on the quality of the meal is considered rude.
Exchanging greetings is also very important. Seeing (even at a distance) someone one knows typically prompts approaching them to exchanging handshakes and kisses as appropriate. Waves and verbal salutations do not suffice.
Greeting someone with "Hello" is always followed by the appropriate time of day greeting; "Good day", "Good Afternoon", and, "Good Evening."
When speaking to an older adult, it is respectful to refer to them as "Don" or "Doña." This is a sign of respect.
Saying goodbye is said in two popular ways "Adios" and "Chau." Although "Chau" is derived from Italian language, it is used in Nicaragua and was brought by the large Italian immigrants.
Nicaraguans are very expressive and passionate. Hand movements are usually accompanied when speaking.
Salsa, merengue, bachata, and tango may seem like "sexy dancing", but there are unspoken rules. It is rude for a man to dance too close to a woman who is not his wife or girlfriend, even if others seem to be doing it.

Puerto Rico

When others are about to eat, it is very considerate to say "buen provecho" (enjoy your meal).
It is very common for members of the opposite sex or women to women to greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. This is never done between men however.
Appearing your best is important, women take pride in femininity and flaunt their womanhood, while young men will dress in flashy styles and older men will dress as mature gentlemen. Going out at night is an especially important time to dress your best and trendy. Simple jeans and tshirt, khaki shorts, flip-flops etc. are considered tacky.
Remember that Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

is politically part of the United States and Puerto Rican people
Puerto Rican people
A Puerto Rican is a person who was born in Puerto Rico.Puerto Ricans born and raised in the continental United States are also sometimes referred to as Puerto Ricans, although they were not born in Puerto Rico...

frequently travel back and forth from the island to such cities as Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...

and New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

and have for generations. As such, most rules of etiquette in the United States
Etiquette in Canada and the United States
Etiquette rules in the United States and Canada generally apply to all individuals, unlike cultures with more formal class structures, such as those with nobility and royalty....

are applicable here as well.
Among Puerto Ricans, conversations are usually very interactive and full of interruptions. If you're talking to someone else and a third person joins you, you are expected to stop what you're saying and acknowledge the newcomer.
Watching television
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...

is a very social activity. Asking for quiet is typically both unreasonable and impolite.
Refusing a second or third helping at a host's home is considered rude. To do so because of any diet is even ruder.
People's hygiene habits are scrutinized, especially in the tropical climate of Puerto Rico itself. People are expected to take one or more baths or showers daily. Body odor, unshaven legs and underarms in women, non-pedicured bare feet, or wrinkled clothing are considered disgusting. Designer perfumes and colognes are used by both sexes.
Salsa
Salsa (dance)
Salsa is a syncretic dance form with origins in Cuba as the meeting point of Spanish and African cultures.Salsa is normally a partner dance, although there are recognized solo forms such as solo dancing "suelta" and "Rueda de Casino" where multiple couples exchange partners in a circle...

, merengue
Merengue (dance)
Merengue El camino1ro de Secundaria-In popular culture:* Merengue was mentioned as a song performed between Babs and Charlie in the song by Steely Dan....

and even reggaetón
Reggaeton
Reggaeton is a form of Puerto Rican and Latin American urban and Caribbean music. After its mainstream exposure in 2004, it spread to North American, European and Asian audiences. Reggaeton originated in Puerto Rico but is also has roots from Reggae en Español from Panama and Puerto Rico and...

may seem like "sexy dancing", but there are unspoken rules. It is rude for a man to dance too close to a woman who is not his wife or girlfriend, even if others seem to be doing it.
It is considered vulgar and ostentatious to open gifts in public. Gifts are never opened in front of a group of people to avoid people comparing the merits of different gifts.
Do not praise anything you do not want to receive as a gift. In rural areas in particular, to give away objects something a visitor likes is considered polite and a way to show detachment from material objects.
Women in Puerto Rico are very independent and many of them dislike to feel patronized or bound to traditional roles. While talking to a woman in informal situations avoid calling them "señorita" (miss) or "señora" (Mrs), as they could interpret those titles as 'inexperienced'/'ignorant' or 'old'.
Political issues, and racial or socioeconomic distinctions can be touchy subjects in Puerto Rico. Questions about such matters are best asked in private. In public, they are seen as a sign of immaturity.

Peru

Waving at a stranger is awkward and should be avoided.
Using your index finger to motion a person to approach you, as practiced in the United States and other places, is considered rude. A more polite way to beckon someone is to place the palm down and gently sweep your fingers toward you.
In a gathering, you must greet each and everyone, especially the eldest.
It is very common to greet with a kiss (From men to women and women to both men and women). Nevertheless, two men don't greet with kiss, since it's frowned upon (Peruvians are very uptight). Two male relatives can kiss in the cheek (normally father-son and grandfather-grandson).
In churches and monasteries, err on the side of discretion (low-rise pants, midriff shirts, peekaboo thongs, and anything else that reveals a lot of skin is not usually acceptable).
Discussion of drugs (and coca-plant cultivation) and religion should be handled with great tact.
In a country in which nearly half the population is Amerindian, expressing respect for native peoples is important. Try to refer to them not as indios, which is a derogatory term, but as indígenas.
Peruvians shake hands frequently and tirelessly, and although kissing on the cheek is a common greeting for acquaintances (and people you just met), it is not practiced among strangers (as it is in Spain, for example). Amerindian populations are more conservative and even shy. They don't kiss to greet one another, nor do they shake hands as frequently as other Peruvians; if they do, it is a light brush of the hand rather than a firm grip. Many Indians from small villages are reluctant to look a stranger in the eye.
Photographing military, police, or airport installations is strictly forbidden. Many churches, convents, and museums also do not allow photography or video.
Be sure not talk too much or in depth about the incident of Sendero Luminoso ("Shining Path", a guerrilla movement).
Peru, like most of South America, has a problematic history with politics. It is advised not to bring it political issues casually.

Uruguay

Out of all of Latin America, Uruguay

Uruguay

Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...

is the least religious, about 40% are secular or irreligious and 60% of the population are in religion (primarily Roman Catholic). Uruguay has a secular tradition evolved in the country during the late 19th and early 20th century. Official holidays like Christmas

Christmas

Christmas or Christmas Day is an annual holiday generally celebrated on December 25 by billions of people around the world. It is a Christian feast that commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ, liturgically closing the Advent season and initiating the season of Christmastide, which lasts twelve days...

and Easter

Easter

Easter is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year. According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated on Easter Day or Easter Sunday...

are referenced as "family days" and "gathering week".

Uruguayans have a comparable standard of living to that of Anglo America, Western Europe

Western Europe

Western Europe is a loose term for the collection of countries in the western most region of the European continents, though this definition is context-dependent and carries cultural and political connotations. One definition describes Western Europe as a geographic entity—the region lying in the...

and Australia

Australia

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

, although their customs and etiquette are closely linked with its' geographical neighbor Argentina

Argentina

Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

. Be in mind, the two countries are separate from each other.

Their culture is conservative but have a history of experimental socialist policies like universal health care, retirement benefits and a developed social security system for unemployed and low-income people.

Venezuela

In Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

, it is often considered rude to point at a person or even an object with the index finger. People typically point with the whole hand or with a movement of the head and a puckering of the lips towards that which is being indicated.
In many situations, punctuality is less important than it is for people elsewhere. Showing up exactly on schedule for a party or gathering is undesirable. However, punctuality is expected for business matters.
People tend to stand very close together when carrying on a conversation. Venezuelans often touch each other’s arms or shoulders during it.
Coffee or a cold drink is typically offered to guests. It is often polite to decline.
Street directions are expected to be given in a very detailed manner, very often describing trees and the color of buildings nearby. Omitting an obvious landmark such as a mango tree or a bright red wall is considered careless.
When a male is introduced to a female, it's expected for the male to make the motion and kiss the female once on the cheek along with a handshake. The handshake should start gentle and match to the female's grip.
When visiting someone's home, remember to bring along something for the house. For example, a small decorative piece if you are familiar with the decorative style, a dessert, or a bottle of the man of the house's favorite alcoholic beverage. For an informal lunch visit, it is common to bring fresh bread from one of the numerous bakeries, desserts, soda, wine, or beer. For breakfast, white cheese or shredded beef for the arepas are always welcome. In any case, it is always rude to show up empty-handed.
Phrases like "in America" or "I'm from America" when referring to the United States is confusing to Latin American people as America is a continent, not just the United States. Therefore, all people born in the American continent are Americans. People from the United States of America are referred to by their nationality, "estadounidense."
For business or informal matters, it is good practice to follow up morning appointments with an invitation to lunch.
Unlike lunch, dinner is for socializing, not for business.
When dining, wait until everyone is served before beginning to eat.
Before starting to eat, saying "Buen provecho"(lit. I hope the food is good for you) is expected to wish the others at the table a good meal. The others will say "gracias" and repeat the phrase "buen provecho" so everybody at the table has a good meal.
Avoid making noises with your cutlery on the plate. Do not bite on your fork or spoon.
Meals are to be enjoyed with conversations, as long as there are not mouths showing food in it. Swallow first-talk later, or cover your mouth while with food in it.
To indicate you have finished eating, place your cutlery in parallel and diagonally across your plate.
Expect to stay for a couple more hours more after dinner, leaving right away might be perceived as that you were there only for a free meal. Coffee and liquor, as digestive aids, will be offered.
To blow one's nose in public, while eating or in a room is considered vulgar and disgusting, and one should try to avoid it. The restroom is the appropriate place to do it.
When entering a room with other people, it is a friendly and informal gesture to say just "Buenas" instead of the full "buenos dias" (good morning) or "buenas tardes" (good afternoon). However it is always appropriate to say the complete "buenos días" and "buenas tardes/noches" in formal situations.
Shorts and other forms of beachwear are appropriate only in those environments.
When someone sneezes, you should say "Salud" (lit. "Health"). The person who sneezed should respond with "Gracias" ("Thank you").

Generalizations

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Haiti

Mexico

Nicaragua

Puerto Rico

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

See also