Dinosaur Park Formation - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Judith River Group

Judith River Group

The Judith River Group is a group of geologic formations in western North America dating from the late Cretaceous and noted as a site for the extensive excavation of dinosaur fossils. The formation is named after the Judith River in Montana. The group is also called the Judith River Wedge...

, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta

Alberta

Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

. It was laid down over a period of time between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. The formation is made up of deposits of a high-sinuosity

Sinuosity

Sinuosity or sinuosity index is a measure of deviation of a path between two points from the shortest possible path...

(anastomosing) fluvial system, and is capped by the Lethbridge Coal Beds. The formation is bounded by the Oldman Formation

Oldman Formation

The Oldman Formation is the middle member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. The formation is widely recognized as bearing a great number of well preserved dinosaur skeletons, as well as other fossils.-Age:...

below it and the marine

Marine (ocean)

Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

Bearpaw Formation

The Bearpaw Formation, also called the Bearpaw Shale, is a sedimentary rock formation found in northwestern North America. It is exposed in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, east of the Rocky Mountains...

above it (Eberth, 2005).

It is known for the dense concentrations of dinosaur

Dinosaur

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...

skeletons, both articulated and disarticulated, that are found there. However, other animals such as fish

Fish

Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...

, turtle

Turtle

Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines , characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield...

s, and crocodilia

Crocodilia

Crocodilia is an order of large reptiles that appeared about 84 million years ago in the late Cretaceous Period . They are the closest living relatives of birds, as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria...

ns are also abundant in the formation. The formation has been named after Dinosaur Provincial Park

Dinosaur Provincial Park

Dinosaur Provincial Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located about two and a half hours drive southeast of Calgary, Alberta, Canada or , about a half hour drive, northeast of Brooks....

, a UNESCO

UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...

World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...

Biostratigraphy

The Dinosaur Park Formation can be divided into at least two distinct faunas. The lower part of the formation is characterized by the abundance of Corythosaurus

Corythosaurus

Corythosaurus is a genus of duck-billed dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period, about 77-76.5 million years ago. It lived in what is now North America...

and Centrosaurus

Centrosaurus

Centrosaurus is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of Canada. Their remains have been found in the Dinosaur Park Formation and uppermost Oldman Formation, dating from 76.5 to 75.5 million years ago....

. This group of species is replaced higher in the formation by a different ornithischian fauna characterized by the presence of Lambeosaurus

Lambeosaurus

Lambeosaurus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived about 76 to 75 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous Period of North America. This bipedal/quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaur is known for its distinctive hollow cranial crest, which in the best-known species resembled a hatchet...

and Styracosaurus

Styracosaurus

Styracosaurus was a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Cretaceous Period , about 76.5 to 75.0 million years ago...

. The appearance of several new, rare species of ornithischian at the very top of the formation may indicate that a third distinct fauna had replaced the second during the transition into younger, non-Dinosaur Park sediments, at the same time an inland sea transgresses onto land, but there are fewer remains here. An unnamed pachyrhinosaur

Pachyrhinosaurus

Pachyrhinosaurus is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous period of North America. The first examples were discovered by Charles M. Sternberg in Alberta, Canada, in 1946, and named in 1950. Over a dozen partial skulls and a large assortment of other fossils from various species...

, Vagaceratops irvinensis

Vagaceratops

Vagaceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It is a chasmosaurine ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Alberta. Its fossils have been recovered from the Upper Dinosaur Park Formation...

, and Lambeosaurus magnicristatus may be more common in this third fauna.

The timeline below follows a synthesis presented by Arbour et al. 2009 with additional information from Evans et al. 2009

Amphibians (Gardner, 2005)

Albanerpetonidae (extinct, salamander

Salamander

Salamander is a common name of approximately 500 species of amphibians. They are typically characterized by a superficially lizard-like appearance, with their slender bodies, short noses, and long tails. All known fossils and extinct species fall under the order Caudata, while sometimes the extant...

-like amphibians)

Albanerpeton
Albanerpeton
Albanerpeton is an extinct genus of salamander-like lissamphibian found in North America and Europe. Members of the genus have a robust head and neck which likely allowed them to actively burrow and they lived in a wide range of environments...

Caudata (salamander

Salamander

Habrosaurus
Habrosaurus
Habrosaurus is an extinct genus of prehistoric salamander, and the oldest known member of the family Sirenidae. Two species are known, Habrosaurus prodilatus from the Campanian of Alberta, and Habrosaurus dilatus from the late Maastrichtian and Paleocene of western North America...
Lisserpeton
Lisserpeton
Lisserpeton is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
Opisthotriton
Opisthotriton
Opisthotriton is an extinct genus of prehistoric salamanders that lived in North America between at least the Upper Cretaceous and the Paleocene....
Scapherpeton
Scapherpeton
Scapherpeton is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
unnamed caudatan
2 indeterminate caudatans

Salienta (frog

Frog

Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura , formerly referred to as Salientia . Most frogs are characterized by a short body, webbed digits , protruding eyes and the absence of a tail...

2 unnamed salientans

Ankylosaurs

Ankylosaurs reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dyoplosaurus Dyoplosaurus Dyoplosaurus is the name given to a genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur. It lived during the Late Cretaceous near what is now the Red Deer River in Alberta, Canada and was named by William Parks in 1924, based on holotype ROM 784, a partial skeleton including parts of the skull and lower jaws.The type...	D. acutosquameus		Lower, 76.5Ma ago
Edmontonia Edmontonia Edmontonia was an armoured dinosaur, a part of the nodosaur family from the Late Cretaceous Period. It is named after the Edmonton Formation , the unit of rock it was found in.-Description:...	E. longiceps		Unit 2, Horseshoe Canyon Formation Horseshoe Canyon Formation The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group and is up to 230m in thickness. It is Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian in age and is composed of mudstone, sandstone, and carbonaceous shales... , 71-70.5Ma ago
	E. rugosidens		Lower, 76.5-75.9Ma ago
Euoplocephalus Euoplocephalus Euoplocephalus was one of the largest genera of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, at about the size of a small elephant. It is also the ankylosaurian with the best fossil record, so its extensive spiked armor, low-slung body and great club-like tail are well documented.-Description:Among the...	E. tutus		Entire, 76.5-75Ma ago
Panoplosaurus Panoplosaurus Panoplosaurus is a genus of nodosaurid dinosaur. It was one of the last known nodosaurids, living during the Late Cretaceous in what is now North America; fossils have been located in Alberta, Canada....	P. mirus		Middle, 75.6Ma ago	"Partial skeleton with complete skull, osteoderms, additional isolated teeth, postcranial elements, osteoderms."

Ceratopsians

An unnamed Pachyrhinosaurus

Pachyrhinosaurus

-like taxon has been recovered from the formation.

Ceratopsians reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Anchiceratops Anchiceratops Anchiceratops is a genus of chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of western North America. Like other ceratopsids, it was a quadrupedal herbivore with three horns on its face, a parrot-like beak, and a long frill extending from the back of its head. The two horns above...	A. ornatus				Misidentified, actually a new genus and species
Centrosaurus Centrosaurus Centrosaurus is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of Canada. Their remains have been found in the Dinosaur Park Formation and uppermost Oldman Formation, dating from 76.5 to 75.5 million years ago....	C. apertus		Middle, 76.2-75.5Ma ago	"[Fifteen] skulls, several skeletons, all adult; abundant bone-bed material with rare juveniles and subadults."
Chasmosaurus Chasmosaurus Chasmosaurus is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period of North America. Its name means 'opening lizard', referring to the large openings in its frill . With a length of and a weight of , Chasmosaurus was a ceratopsian of average size...	C. belli		Middle, 76-75.5Ma ago	"[Twelve] skulls, several skeletons."
	C. irvinensis				Reclassified as Vagaceratops Vagaceratops Vagaceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It is a chasmosaurine ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Alberta. Its fossils have been recovered from the Upper Dinosaur Park Formation... irvinensis
	C. russelli		Lower, 76.5-76Ma ago	"[Six] complete or partial skulls."
Leptoceratops Leptoceratops Leptoceratops , was a primitive ceratopsian dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Western North America, at the same time as its giant...	Indeterminate
Monoclonius Monoclonius Monoclonius was a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Judith River Formation of Late Cretaceous Montana and Canada. It is often confused with Centrosaurus, a similar genus of ceratopsian . Monoclonius was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876...	M. lowei
Styracosaurus Styracosaurus Styracosaurus was a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Cretaceous Period , about 76.5 to 75.0 million years ago...	S. albertensis		Upper, 75.5-75.2Ma ago	"[Two] skulls, [three] skeletons, additional material in bone beds."
Vagaceratops Vagaceratops Vagaceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It is a chasmosaurine ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Alberta. Its fossils have been recovered from the Upper Dinosaur Park Formation...	V. irvinensis		Upper, 75Ma ago	"[Three] skulls, skeleton lacking tail."
"Almond Formation" ceratopsid	Unnamed		Upper Unit 1, Horseshoe Canyon Formation Horseshoe Canyon Formation The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group and is up to 230m in thickness. It is Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian in age and is composed of mudstone, sandstone, and carbonaceous shales... , 72.2-71Ma ago		Misidentified as Anchiceratops Anchiceratops Anchiceratops is a genus of chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of western North America. Like other ceratopsids, it was a quadrupedal herbivore with three horns on its face, a parrot-like beak, and a long frill extending from the back of its head. The two horns above... , it is actually a new species, probably the same as a new Pentaceratops Pentaceratops Pentaceratops is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. The appearance of Pentaceratops sternbergii in the fossil record marks the end of the Judithian land vertebrate age and the start of the Kirtlandian... -like form from the Almond Formation Almond Formation The Almond Formation is a geological formation in Wyoming whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-Dinosaurs:-References:... of Wyoming Wyoming Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High...

Ornithopods

At least one indeterminate hypsilophodont

Hypsilophodont

Hypsilophodonts were small ornithopod dinosaurs, regarded as fast, herbivorous bipeds on the order of 1–2 meters long . They are known from Asia, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America, and South America, from rocks of Middle Jurassic to late Cretaceous age...

specimenhas been recovered from the formation.

In 2001 Darren H. Tanke and M. K. Brett-Surman reviewed and described eggshell

Eggshell

An eggshell is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft outer coats.- Insect eggs :Insects and other arthropods lay a variety of styles and shapes of eggs. Some have gelatinous or skin-like coverings, others have hard eggshells. Softer shells are mostly protein....

and hatchling material from the Dinosaur Park Formation. Eggshell is rare in the Park, being present in only two microfossil sites, both of which are predominated by the preserved shells of invertebrate life. The survival of hadrosaur eggshell fragments in the presence of these invertebrate shells may be result of calcium

Calcium

Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...

in the invertebrate shells buffering contemporary acidic water which would have dissolved them. The hadrosaur eggshell fragments "show little to no stream abrasion" suggesting that the material did not originate far from their final burial place in the Park. The authors felt that their newly reported material corroborated the then-recent suggestion that hadrosaurs did not nest exclusively in upland areas, but also areas of lower elevation. Some recovered hadrosaur fossils might actually be from embryos. Hatchling and nestling-sized hadrosaur remains had been falsely considered rare in Dinosaur Park Formation due to bias on the part of collectors seeking larger specimens and sometimes not recognizing what was encountered. Hadrosaurs had been speculated to be upland breeders due to the lack of preserved egg and hatchling material. However young hadrosaur remains had been previously reported from lowland deposits.

Darren Tanke

Darren H. Tanke is a Canadian fossil preparation technician of the Dinosaur Research Program at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta. Born in Calgary, Tanke became interested in natural history at an early age. In 1979, Tanke began working for Philip J...

observed that an experienced collector could actually discover multiple juvenile hadrosaur specimens a day. During the 1992

1992 in paleontology

- Dinosaurs :* During the 1992 field season a concerted effort was undertaken by the Royal Tyrell Museum to recover the remains of young hadrosaurs. The researchers describe the acquisition that season of 43 specimens as being a success...

field season a concerted effort was undertaken by the Royal Tyrell Museum to recover the remains of young hadrosaurs. The researchers describe the acquisition that season of 43 specimens as being a success. Most of the recovered fossils were of dentaries missing their teeth, bones from limbs and feet, as well as vertebral centra

Centra

Centra is a convenience store chain in Ireland.The chain is run by Musgrave, the Irish food wholesaler, however the stores are all owned by individual franchisees. The chain has three different formats available to franchisees — smaller Quick Stop outlets, mid-sized Foodmarkets, and larger...

. The material showed little or none of the abrasion

Abrasion

In dermatology, an abrasion is a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epidermis. It is less severe than a laceration, and bleeding, if present, is minimal. Mild abrasions, also known as grazes or scrapes, do not scar or bleed, but deep abrasions may lead to the...

that would have resulted from transport, meaning the fossils were buried near their point of origin. The researchers conclude that this meant that hadrosaurs were nesting in the lowlands of the area represented by the strata containing the fossils and that previous workers hypotheses of lowland hadrosaur breeding were "confirmed." Most of the shells from the microfossil site are from pisidiid clams

CLaMS

CLaMS is a modular chemistry transport model system developed at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. CLaMS was first described by McKenna et al. and was expanded into three dimensions by Konopka et al....

, but rarely unionid clams and gastropods are found. It was the slow dissolution of these shells releasing calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks in all parts of the world, and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime,...

into the water that raised the water's pH

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline...

high enough to prevent the eggshells from dissolving.

No fragment's greatest dimension exceeds one cm. The eggshells' surface has a pebbly texture. The eggshell is similar to the eggshells from the Two Medicine

Two Medicine Formation

The Two Medicine Formation is a geologic formation, or rock body, that was deposited between 83.5 ± 0.7 Ma to 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma , during Campanian time, and is located in northwestern Montana...

and Judith River Formations in Montana. Dinosaur Provincial Park eggshell is similar to eggshell from the Devil's Coulee in southern Alberta

Alberta

Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

. Most hadrosaur neonate bones are incomplete due to their small size and vulnerability to the high erosion rates in the Dinosaur Provincial Park. Dentaries are common hadrosaur neonate fossils. Most specimens don't preserve all of the tooth replacement gooves. Most preserve "only about [ten] tooth files." No neural arches are represented among the vertebrae fossils. Although some limb bones show signs of transport wear, the distances traveled before burial were probably not far as such small bones would be unlikely to survive the great diversity of scavengers and acidic water conditions. Bonebeds 23, 28, 47, and 50 yielded "unusually high" numbers of young hadrosaur remains. Certain outcrops of bonebed 50 are "particularly rich," producing around a dozen such fossils a year. Dinosaur eggshell is lacking from the bone beds producing the hadrosaur juvenile bones. Tanke concluded that the abundance of bone in these locations is not due to collecting biases or intensity.

The authors concluded that hadrosaurs nested in both upland or lowland area, although described factors influencing the division of breeding locations as unknown. They suggested that "diet, soil conditions, habits, [and] competition" between dinosaur genera might have played roles. Some of the less common hadrosaurs in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Dinosaur Provincial Park like Parasaurolophus

Parasaurolophus

Parasaurolophus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 76.5–73 million years ago. It was an herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped. Three species are recognized: P. walkeri , P. tubicen, and the...

may represent the remains of individuals who died while migrating through the region. They might also have had a more upland habitat where they may have nested or fed.

Ornithopod Ornithopod Ornithopods or members of the clade Ornithopoda are a group of ornithischian dinosaurs that started out as small, bipedal running grazers, and grew in size and numbers until they became one of the most successful groups of herbivores in the Cretaceous world, and dominated the North American... s reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Corythosaurus Corythosaurus Corythosaurus is a genus of duck-billed dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period, about 77-76.5 million years ago. It lived in what is now North America...	C. casuarius		Lower-Middle, 76.5-75.5Ma ago	"Approximately [ten] articulated skulls and associated postcrania, [ten to fifteen] articulated skulls, isolated skull elements, juvenile to adult."
Gryposaurus Gryposaurus Gryposaurus was a genus of duckbilled dinosaur that lived about 83 to 75.5 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous of North America...	G. incurvimanus		Middle, 76-75.5Ma ago	"Single fully articulated skull and skeleton."
	G. notabilis		Lower, 76.2-76Ma ago	"Approximately [ten] complete skulls, [twelve] fragmentary skulls, associated postcrania."
Lambeosaurus Lambeosaurus Lambeosaurus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived about 76 to 75 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous Period of North America. This bipedal/quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaur is known for its distinctive hollow cranial crest, which in the best-known species resembled a hatchet...	L. lambei		Upper, 75.5-75Ma ago	"Approximately [seven] articulated skulls with associated postcrania, [possibly ten] articulated skulls, isolated skull elements, juvenile to adult."
	L. magnicristatus		Upper/Bearpaw Formation Bearpaw Formation The Bearpaw Formation, also called the Bearpaw Shale, is a sedimentary rock formation found in northwestern North America. It is exposed in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, east of the Rocky Mountains... , 74.8Ma ago	"[Two] complete skulls, [one[ with associated, articulated postcrania."
Parasaurolophus Parasaurolophus Parasaurolophus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 76.5–73 million years ago. It was an herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped. Three species are recognized: P. walkeri , P. tubicen, and the...	P. walkeri		Lower, 76.5-75.3Ma ago	"Complete skull and postcranial skeleton."
Prosaurolophus Prosaurolophus Prosaurolophus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America. It is known from the remains of at least 25 individuals belonging to two species, including skulls and skeletons, but it remains obscure...	P. maximus			"[Twenty to twenty-five] individuals, including at least [seven] articulated skulls and associated postcrania."

Pachycephalosaurs

Pachycephalosaurs reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Hanssuesia Hanssuesia Hanssuesia is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period. It lived in what is now Alberta and Montana.Hanssuesia based on material originally named Troodon sternbergi by Barnum Brown and Erich Maren Schlaikjer in 1943. Later, it was transferred to Stegoceras as S....	H. sternbergi
Gravitholus Gravitholus Gravitholus was a genus of dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period . It was a pachycephalosaur, a type of dinosaur with a thick skull made of hardened bone. It lived in what is now Alberta, Canada, and was described in 1979 by W. P. Wall and Peter Galton.The type species is Gravitholus albertae...	G. albertae			"Frontoparietal dome."
Ornatotholus	O. browni			"Frontoparietal dome."	(?juvenile Stegoceras Stegoceras Stegoceras is a genus of plant-eating pachycephalosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous period.... )
Stegoceras Stegoceras Stegoceras is a genus of plant-eating pachycephalosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous period....	S. breve				(?Prenocephale Prenocephale Prenocephale was a small pachycephalosaurid dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous and was similar in many ways to its close relative, Homalocephale, which may simply represent Prenocephale juveniles. Adult Prenocephale probably weighed around and measured around long... )
	S. validum

Theropods

In the Dinosaur Park Formation, small theropods are rare due to the tendency of their thin-walled bones to be broken or poorly preserved. Small bones of small theropods that were preyed upon by larger ones may have been swallowed whole and digested. In this context, the discovery of a small theropod dinosaur with preserved tooth marks was especially valuable. Possible indeterminate avimimid and therizinosaurid remains are known from the formation.

Ornithomimids

Ornithomimids reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dromiceiomimus	D. brevitertius				Junior synonym of Ornithomimus Ornithomimus Ornithomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.In 1890 Ornithomimus velox was named by Othniel Charles Marsh on the basis of a foot and partial hand from the Maastrichtian Denver Formation. Another seventeen species have been named since... edmontonicus
Dromiceiomimus	D. samuelli				Junior synonym of Ornithomimus Ornithomimus Ornithomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.In 1890 Ornithomimus velox was named by Othniel Charles Marsh on the basis of a foot and partial hand from the Maastrichtian Denver Formation. Another seventeen species have been named since... edmontonicus
Ornithomimus Ornithomimus Ornithomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.In 1890 Ornithomimus velox was named by Othniel Charles Marsh on the basis of a foot and partial hand from the Maastrichtian Denver Formation. Another seventeen species have been named since...	O. altus				Reclassified as Struthiomimus Struthiomimus Struthiomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. It was a long-legged, ostrich-like dinosaur.The bipedal Struthiomimus stood about long and tall at the hips and weighed around... altus
	O. edmontonicus				An ornithomimid
	O. elegans				Reclassified as Chirostenotes Chirostenotes Chirostenotes is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. The type species is Chirostenotes pergracilis. Some researchers recognize a second species, C... elegans
	O. samuelli				Junior synonym of O. edmontonicus
Struthiomimus Struthiomimus Struthiomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. It was a long-legged, ostrich-like dinosaur.The bipedal Struthiomimus stood about long and tall at the hips and weighed around...	S. altus			type specimen	An ornithomimid
	S. samuelli				Junior synonym of Ornithomimus Ornithomimus Ornithomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.In 1890 Ornithomimus velox was named by Othniel Charles Marsh on the basis of a foot and partial hand from the Maastrichtian Denver Formation. Another seventeen species have been named since... edmontonicus

Oviraptorosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Caenagnathus Caenagnathus Caenagnathus is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous . It is known from a single lower jaw, found in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada.-Taxonomic history:...	C. collinsi				Junior synonym of Chirostenotes Chirostenotes Chirostenotes is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. The type species is Chirostenotes pergracilis. Some researchers recognize a second species, C... pergracilis
Chirostenotes Chirostenotes Chirostenotes is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. The type species is Chirostenotes pergracilis. Some researchers recognize a second species, C...	C. elegans			Several fragmentary specimens, type specimen	Caenagnathids
	C. pergracilis			Several fragmentary specimens, type specimen	Caenagnathids
Elmisaurus Elmisaurus Elmisaurus is an extinct genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a theropod belonging to the Oviraptorosauria. Its fossils have been found in Asia and North America. It is known from only its feet and hands....	E. elegans				Reclassified as Chirostenotes Chirostenotes Chirostenotes is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. The type species is Chirostenotes pergracilis. Some researchers recognize a second species, C... elegans
Macrophalangia	M. canadensis				Junior synonym of Chirostenotes Chirostenotes Chirostenotes is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. The type species is Chirostenotes pergracilis. Some researchers recognize a second species, C... pergracilis
Macrophalangia	M. elegans				Reclassified as Chirostenotes Chirostenotes Chirostenotes is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. The type species is Chirostenotes pergracilis. Some researchers recognize a second species, C... elegans

Paravians

Paravians reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Baptornis Baptornis Baptornis is an extinct genus of flightless aquatic bird from the Late Cretaceous, some 87-80 million years ago . The fossils of Baptornis advenus, the type species, were discovered in Kansas, which at its time was mostly covered by the Western Interior Seaway, a shallow shelf sea...	Indeterminate				A possible hesperornithine Hesperornithiformes Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized clade of Cretaceous toothed birds. Hesperornithine birds, apparently limited to former aquatic habitats in the Northern Hemisphere, include genera such as Hesperornis, Parahesperornis, Baptornis, Enaliornis, and probably Potamornis, all... bird Bird Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx is a prehistoric bird genus from the late Cretaceous Period. Remains attributed to Cimolopteryx have been found in the Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan, the Lance Formation of Wyoming, and possibly the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. All date to the end of the Maastrichtian age,...	Indeterminate			Partial coracoid	A possible charadriiform Charadriiformes Charadriiformes is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 350 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most Charadriiformes live near water and eat invertebrates or other small animals; however, some are pelagic , some occupy deserts and a few are found in thick... bird Bird Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
Dromaeosaurus Dromaeosaurus Dromaeosaurus was a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived during the Late Cretaceous period , sometime between 76.5 and 74.8 million years ago, in the western United States and Alberta, Canada. The name means 'running lizard'....	D. albertensis			Several specimens and teeth, type specimen	A dromaeosaurid, also found in the Judith River Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age... , Mesaverde Mesaverde Formation The Mesaverde Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation.The formation is described by W.G. Pierce as interbedded light gray sandstone and gray shale in upper part; lower part massive, light-buff, ledge-forming sandstone containing thin lenticular coal beds.The formation occurs in various... , and Prince Creek Formation Prince Creek Formation The Prince Creek Formation is a geological formation in Alaska with strata from the early Maastrichtian stage of the Upper Cretaceous, dating to between 70 and 69 million years ago... s
Hesperonychus Hesperonychus Hesperonychus was a genus of small, carnivorous dromaeosaurid dinosaur. There is one described species, Hesperonychus elizabethae; the type species was named in honor of the woman who collected it in 1982...	H. elizabethae			Hip bones and partial toes and claws, type specimen	A dromaeosaurid, also found in the Oldman Formation Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is the middle member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. The formation is widely recognized as bearing a great number of well preserved dinosaur skeletons, as well as other fossils.-Age:...
Palintropus Palintropus Palintropus is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. A single species has been named based on a proximal coracoid from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, dated to the latest Maastrichtian, 65.5 million years ago...	Unnamed			Partial shoulder girdles	A possible galliform Galliformes Galliformes are an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding domestic or game bird, containing turkey, grouse, chicken, New and Old World Quail, ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, and the Cracidae. Common names are gamefowl or gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds or galliforms... bird Bird Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from... , also found in the Foremost Formation Foremost Formation The Foremost Formation is a geological formation in Alberta, Canada whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-Dinosaurs:...
Paronychodon Paronychodon Paronychodon was a theropod dinosaur genus. It is a tooth taxon, considered dubious because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, which include "buckets" of teeth but no other remains...	P. lacustris			Teeth	An indeterminate maniraptoran, also found in the Judith River Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age... , Milk River Milk River Formation The Milk River Formation is a near- shore to terrestrial sedimentary unit deposited during the Late Cretaceous in southern Alberta... , Frenchman Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is a division of Upper Cretaceous rocks found in Saskatchewan, Canada. More accurately described as Late Maastrichtian, these rocks contain the youngest of dinosaur genera, much like the Hell Creek Formation in the United States.... , Horseshoe Canyon Horseshoe Canyon Formation The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group and is up to 230m in thickness. It is Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian in age and is composed of mudstone, sandstone, and carbonaceous shales... , Scollard Scollard Formation -References:* Ryan, M. J., and Russell, A. P., 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta : In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 279-297.... , and Lance Lance Formation The Lance Formation is a division of Late Cretaceous rocks in the western United States. Named after Lance Creek, Wyoming, the microvertebrate fossils and dinosaurs represent important components of the latest Mesozoic vertebrate faunas... and Kirtland Formation Kirtland Formation The Kirtland Formation is a sedimentary geological formation. It is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation... s
Richardoestesia	R. gilmorei			Teeth, type specimen	A dromaeosaurid, also found in the Horseshoe Canyon Horseshoe Canyon Formation The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group and is up to 230m in thickness. It is Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian in age and is composed of mudstone, sandstone, and carbonaceous shales... , Judith River Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age... and Aguja Formation Aguja Formation The Aguja Formation is a geological formation in North America, exposed in Texas, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.-Ammonites:-Crurotarsans:... s.
Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes is a genus of carnivorous dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Montana and New Mexico....	S. langstoni			Incomplete skeleton and teeth, type specimen. A dentary referred to Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes is a genus of carnivorous dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Montana and New Mexico.... was discovered that preserved tooth marks left by a young tyrannosaur.	A dromaeosaurid
Stenonychosaurus	S. inequalis				Junior synonym of Troodon Troodon Troodon is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period . Discovered in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America... inequalis
Troodon Troodon Troodon is a genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period . Discovered in 1855, it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America...	T. formosus			Partial skeletons	A troodontid, also found in the Oldman Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is the middle member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. The formation is widely recognized as bearing a great number of well preserved dinosaur skeletons, as well as other fossils.-Age:... , Judith River Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age... , Lance Lance Formation The Lance Formation is a division of Late Cretaceous rocks in the western United States. Named after Lance Creek, Wyoming, the microvertebrate fossils and dinosaurs represent important components of the latest Mesozoic vertebrate faunas... , and Two Medicine Formation Two Medicine Formation The Two Medicine Formation is a geologic formation, or rock body, that was deposited between 83.5 ± 0.7 Ma to 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma , during Campanian time, and is located in northwestern Montana... s
	T. inequalis			Nearly complete skeleton, type specimen	A troodontid

Tyrannosaurs

Tyrannosaurs reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Albertosaurus Albertosaurus Albertosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, more than 70 million years ago. The type species, A. sarcophagus, was apparently restricted in range to the modern-day Canadian province of Alberta, after which...	A. libratus				Reclassified as Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana.... libratus
	A. sternbergi				Junior synonym of Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana.... libratus
Daspletosaurus Daspletosaurus Daspletosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America between 77 and 74 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period. Fossils of the only named species were found in Alberta, although other possible species from Alberta and Montana await...	Unnamed species		Middle-Upper, 75.6-75Ma ago	Several specimens	A tryannosaurid, also present in the Bearpaw Formation Bearpaw Formation The Bearpaw Formation, also called the Bearpaw Shale, is a sedimentary rock formation found in northwestern North America. It is exposed in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, east of the Rocky Mountains...
Deinodon Deinodon Deinodon is a name assigned to tyrannosaurid teeth of the Late Cretaceous of Montana by paleontologist Joseph Leidy in 1856...	D. libratus				Reclassified as Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana.... libratus
	D. sternbergi				Junior synonym of Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana.... libratus
Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus Gorgosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana....	G. libratus		Lower-Middle, 76.6-75.1Ma ago	Numerous specimens, type specimen	A tyrannosaurid, also present in the Judith River Judith River Formation The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the upper Cretaceous, between 80 and 75 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age... and Oldman Formation Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is the middle member of the Judith River Group, a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. The formation is widely recognized as bearing a great number of well preserved dinosaur skeletons, as well as other fossils.-Age:... s
	G. sternbergi				Junior synonym of G. libratus

Fish

Chondrichthyans

Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fishes are jawed fish with paired fins, paired nares, scales, two-chambered hearts, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone...

(Neuman and Brinkman, 2005)

Hybodus
Hybodus
Hybodus is an extinct genus of once-common, widespread and long lived sharks, first appearing towards the end of the Permian period, and disappearing at the beginning of the Cretaceous. During the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods the hybodonts were especially successful and could be...

(a shark
Shark
Sharks are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. The earliest known sharks date from more than 420 million years ago....

)
Myledaphus (a ray
Batoidea
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays and skates, containing more than 500 described species in thirteen families...

)
indeterminate orectolobid

Acipenseriformes

Acipenseriformes are an order of primitive ray-finned fishes that includes the sturgeons and paddlefishes, as well as some extinct families.Notable characteristics of Acipenseriformes include:* Cartilaginous endoskeleton* Lack of vertebral centrum...

(sturgeons) (Neuman and Brinkman, 2005)

unnamed sturgeon
unnamed paddlefish

Holostean fish (Neuman and Brinkman, 2005)

Belonostomus
Belonostomus
Belonostomus or Diphyodus is a genus of prehistoric fish that was described by Louis Agassiz in 1844. Fossils range from to Belonostomus (meaning "big long mouth") or Diphyodus (meaning "double tooth") is a genus of prehistoric fish that was described by Louis Agassiz in 1844. Fossils range...
Lepisosteus
Lepisosteus
Lepisosteus is a genus of gars in the family Lepisosteidae.There are four species:* Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell, 1864 * Lepisosteus osseus...

(the gar
Gar
In American English the name gar is strictly applied to members of the Lepisosteidae, a family including seven living species of fish in two genera that inhabit fresh, brackish, and occasionally marine, waters of eastern North America, Central America, and the Caribbean islands.-Etymology:In...

)
unnamed bowfin
Bowfin
The Bowfin, Amia calva, is the last surviving member of the order Amiiformes , and of the family Amiidae...
at least 2 other holosteans

Teleost fish (Neuman and Brinkman, 2005)

Patatarpon (an elopomorph
Elopomorpha
The superorder Elopomorpha contains a variety of types of fishes that range from typical silvery colored fish-like species such as the tarpons and ladyfishes of the Elopiformes and the bonefishes of the Albuliformes, to the long and slender, smooth bodied eels of the Anguilliformes...

, like the tarpon
Tarpon
Tarpons are large fish of the genus Megalops. There are two species of Megalops, one native to the Atlantic, and the other to the Indo-Pacific oceans.They are the only members of the family Megalopidae.- Species and habitats :...

)
Cretophareodus (an osteoglossomorph
Osteoglossomorpha
Osteoglossomorpha is a group of bony fish in the Teleostei.-Notable members:A notable member is the Arapaima , the largest freshwater fish in South America and one of the very largest bony fishes alive. Other notable members include the bizarre freshwater elephantfishes .-Systematics:Most...

)
Coriops
Coriops
Coriops is a genus of prehistoric fish. Its fossils are found in Campanian , Maastrichtian , and possibly Paleocene age deposits...
Estesesox
Oldmanesox
Paralbula
Paralbula
Paralbula is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish...

(including Phyllodus)
at least 8 other teleosts

Invertebrates (Johnston and Hendy, 2005)

Freshwater

Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and...

bivalves

Fusconaia
Lampsilis
Sphaerium (2 species)

Freshwater gastropods

Campeloma (2 species)
Elimia
Goniobasis (3 species)
Hydrobia
Lioplacodes (2 species)

Mammals (Fox, 2005)

Multituberculata

The Multituberculata were a group of rodent-like mammals that existed for approximately one hundred and twenty million years—the longest fossil history of any mammal lineage—but were eventually outcompeted by rodents, becoming extinct during the early Oligocene. At least 200 species are...

Cimexomys
Cimexomys
Cimexomys is an extinct North American mammal that lived from the Upper Cretaceous to the Paleocene. For a while, it shared the world with dinosaurs, but outlived them. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata and lies within the suborder Cimolodonta...

sp.
Cimolodon
Cimolodon
Cimolodon is a genus of mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. It was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and possibly the family Cimolodontidae....

spp.
Cimolomys clarki
Cimolomys
Cimolomys is a mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. It was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Cimolomyidae.The genus Cimolomys was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1889...
Meniscoessus major
Meniscoessus
Meniscoessus is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Cretaceous Period of what is now North America. It lived toward the end of the "age of the dinosaurs" and was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata. It lies within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Cimolomyidae.The genus...
Mesodma primaeva
Mesodma
Mesodma is an extinct genus of mammal, a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta, family Neoplagiaulacidae. It lived during the upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Periods of what is now North America...
unnamed multituberculates

Marsupial

Marsupials are an infraclass of mammals, characterized by giving birth to relatively undeveloped young. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur in Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands, with the remaining 100 found in the Americas, primarily in South America, but with thirteen in Central...

Alphadon halleyi
Alphadon
Alphadon was a genus of small, primitive mammal that was a member of the metatherians, a group of mammals that includes modern-day marsupials. Its fossils were first discovered and named by George Gaylord Simpson in 1929....
Eodelphis browni
Eodelphis
Eodelphis meaning "early opossum" is a genus of stagodont marsupials from the Late Cretaceous of North America, with distinctive crushing dentition. Named species include E. browni and the more advanced E. cutleri...
E. cutleri
5 species of "Pediomys"
Turgidodon russelli
T. praesagus

Placentals

Cimolestes
Cimolestes
Cimolestes is a genus of early eutherians. Fossils have been found in North America, where they first appeared during the Late Cretaceous, and died out during the Paleocene....

sp. (uncertain taxonomy)
Gypsonictops lewisi
Paranyctoides sternbergi

Unknown theria

Theria

Theria is a subclass of mammals that give birth to live young without using a shelled egg, including both eutherians and metatherians . The only omitted extant mammal group is the egg-laying monotremes....

ns: at least 1 species

Plant body fossils (Koppelhus, 2005)

various ferns
Equisetum (Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, sometimes called the horsetail family, is the only extant family of the class Equisetales, with one surviving genus, Equisetum, which comprises about twenty species.- Evolution and systematics :...

)

Gymnosperm

The gymnosperms are a group of seed-bearing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word gymnospermos , meaning "naked seeds", after the unenclosed condition of their seeds...

Platyspiroxylon (Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae
The Cupressaceae or cypress family is a conifer family with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27 to 30 genera , which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130-140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or dioecious trees and shrubs from 1-116 m tall...

)
Podocarpoxylon (Podocarpaceae
Podocarpaceae
Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. It contains 19 genera if Phyllocladus is included and if Manoao and Sundacarpus are recognized....

)
Elatocladus (Taxodiaceae
Taxodiaceae
The Taxodiaceae were at one time regarded as a distinct plant family comprising the following ten genera of coniferous trees:*Athrotaxis*Cryptomeria*Cunninghamia*†Cunninghamites*Glyptostrobus*Metasequoia*Sciadopitys...

)
Sequoia
Sequoia (genus)
Sequoia is a genus of redwood coniferous trees in the Sequoioideae subfamily, of the Cupressaceae family. The only extant species of the genus is the Sequoia sempervirens in the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion of Northern California and Southern Oregon in the United States...

(Taxodiaceae)
Sequoiaxylon (Taxodiaceae)
Taxodioxylon (Taxodiaceae)

Ginkgo

Ginkgo , also spelled gingko and known as the Maidenhair Tree, is a unique species of tree with no close living relatives...

Baeria
Ginkgoites

Angiosperms

Artocarpus
Artocarpus
Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family, Moraceae.-Description:...

(Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates...

)
Cercidiphyllum (Cercidiphyllaceae)
Dombeyopsis (Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family, which is now considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view...

)
Menispermites (Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae, the botanical name for a family of flowering plants, has been universally recognized by taxonomists. Tubocurare, a neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in curare, is derived from plants of this family....

)
Pistia
Pistia
Pistia is a genus of aquatic plant in the arum family, Araceae. The single species it comprises, Pistia stratiotes, is often called water cabbage, water lettuce, or Nile cabbage. Its native distribution is uncertain, but probably pantropical; it was first described from the Nile near Lake Victoria...

(Araceae
Araceae
Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like bract. Also known as the Arum family, members are often colloquially...

)
Platanus
Platanus
Platanus is a small genus of trees native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are the sole living members of the family Platanaceae....

(Platanaceae
Platanaceae
Platanaceae is a family of flowering plants. It has been recognized by almost all taxonomists, and is sometimes called the "plane-tree family"....

)
Vitis
Vitis
Vitis is a genus of about 60 species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce...

(Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Vitaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including the grapevine and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus Vitis...

)
Trapa (Trapaceae)

Palynomorphs

Palynomorph

Palynomorph is the geological term used to describe a particle of a size between five and 500 micrometres, found in rock deposits and composed of organic material such as chitin, pseudochitin and sporopollenin...

s are organic-walled microfossils, like spore

Spore

In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many bacteria, plants, algae, fungi and some protozoa. According to scientist Dr...

s, pollen

Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powder containing the microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce the male gametes . Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the...

, and algae

Algae

Algae are a large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelps that grow to 65 meters in length. They are photosynthetic like plants, and "simple" because their tissues are not organized into the many...

(Braman and Koppelhus, 2005)
Unknown producers

at least 8 species

Fungi

at least 35 taxa
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...

Chlorophyta

Chlorophyta is a division of green algae, informally called chlorophytes. The name is used in two very different senses so that care is needed to determine the use by a particular author...

(green algae

Green

Green is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 520–570 nanometres. In the subtractive color system, it is not a primary color, but is created out of a mixture of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; it is considered...

and blue-green algae)

at least 12 species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

Pyrrhophyta (dinoflagellates, a type of marine algae

Algae

)

unassigned cyst
Cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division on the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.- Locations :* Acne...

s

Bryophyte

Bryophyte is a traditional name used to refer to all embryophytes that do not have true vascular tissue and are therefore called 'non-vascular plants'. Some bryophytes do have specialized tissues for the transport of water; however since these do not contain lignin, they are not considered to be...

s (moss

Moss

Mosses are small, soft plants that are typically 1–10 cm tall, though some species are much larger. They commonly grow close together in clumps or mats in damp or shady locations. They do not have flowers or seeds, and their simple leaves cover the thin wiry stems...

es, liverwort

Marchantiophyta

The Marchantiophyta are a division of bryophyte plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like other bryophytes, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information....

s, and hornwort

Hornwort

Hornworts are a group of bryophytes, or non-vascular plants, comprising the division Anthocerotophyta. The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. The flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte plant.Hornworts may be found worldwide,...

Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)

at least 5 species

Marchantiophyta

(liverworts)

at least 14 species

Bryophyta

Moss

(mosses)

at least 5 species

Lycopodiophyta

The Division Lycopodiophyta is a tracheophyte subdivision of the Kingdom Plantae. It is the oldest extant vascular plant division at around 410 million years old, and includes some of the most "primitive" extant species...

Lycopodiaceae

The Lycopodiaceae is a family of primitive vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses. These plants bear spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot; they resemble a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives...

(club mosses)

at least 11 species

Selaginellaceae (small club mosses)

at least 6 species

Isoetaceae (quillworts)

at least 1 species

Polypodiophyta

Osmundaceae

The Osmundaceae is a family of four genera and 15-25 species. It is the only fern family of the order Osmundales; an order in the class Pteridopsida or in some classifications the only order in the class Osmundopsida...

(cinnamon fern

Cinnamon fern

Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, the Cinnamon Fern, is a species of eusporangiate fern in the family Osmundaceae. It is native to the Americas and eastern Asia, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands....

at least 6 species

Schizaeaceae

Schizaeaceae is a family of 35 to 40 species of small ferns, chiefly tropical.Genera historically treated as belonging to this family include Anemia, Lygodium, and Mohria...

(climbing ferns)

at least 20 species

Gleicheniaceae

The forked ferns are the family Gleicheniaceae. They are sometimes – like all ferns and the related horsetails – placed in an infradivision Monilophytes of subdivision Euphyllophytina, allowing for more precise phylogenetic arrangement of the tracheophytes. More conventionally, the name...

(Gleichenia

Gleichenia

Gleichenia is a genus of ferns.Species include:* Gleichenia abscida Rodway* Gleichenia alpina R.Br.* Gleichenia dicarpa R.Br. – Pouched Coral Fern, Tangle Fern* Gleichenia mendellii S.B.Andrews...

and allies; coral ferns)

at least 5 species

Cyatheaceae

The Cyatheaceae is the scaly tree fern family and includes the world's tallest tree ferns, which reach heights up to 20 m. They are also very ancient plants, appearing in the fossil record in the late Jurassic, though the modern genera likely appeared in the Tertiary. Cyatheaceae is the largest...

(Cyathea

Cyathea

Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales. They are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk. The genus has a pantropical...

and allies)

at least 4 species

Dicksoniaceae

The Dicksoniaceae is a family of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate ferns. Most of the 5-6 genera in the family are terrestrial ferns or have very short trunks compared to tree ferns of the family Cyatheaceae. However, some of the larger species can reach several metres in height. A number of...

(Dicksonia

Dicksonia

Dicksonia is a genus of tree ferns in the order Cyatheales. It is regarded as related to Cyathea, but is considered more primitive, dating back at least to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record includes stems, pinnules, and spores....

and allies)

at least 3 species

Polypodiaceae

Polypodiaceae is a family of polypod ferns, which includes more than 60 genera divided into several tribes and containing around 1,000 species. Nearly all are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.-Description:...

(fern

Fern

A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. Unlike mosses, they have xylem and phloem . They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants...

at least 4 species

Matoniaceae

at least 1 species

Marsileaceae

The Marsileaceae are a small family of heterosporous aquatic and semi-aquatic ferns, though at first sight they do not physically resemble other ferns. The group is commonly known as the "pepperwort family" or as the "water-clover family" because the leaves of the genus Marsilea superficially...

at least 1 species

Pinophyta

The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferophyta or Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. Pinophytes are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being...

(gymnosperm

Gymnosperm

Cycadaceae (cycad

Cycad

Cycads are seed plants typically characterized by a stout and woody trunk with a crown of large, hard and stiff, evergreen leaves. They usually have pinnate leaves. The individual plants are either all male or all female . Cycads vary in size from having a trunk that is only a few centimeters...

at least 3 species

Caytoniaceae

at least 1 species

Pinaceae

Pinaceae are trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. Pinaceae are supported as monophyletic by its protein-type sieve...

(pine

Pine

Pines are trees in the genus Pinus ,in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species.-Etymology:...

at least 4 species

Cupressaceae

The Cupressaceae or cypress family is a conifer family with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27 to 30 genera , which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130-140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or dioecious trees and shrubs from 1-116 m tall...

(cypress

Cypress

Cypress is the name applied to many plants in the cypress family Cupressaceae, which is a conifer of northern temperate regions. Most cypress species are trees, while a few are shrubs...

es)

at least 3 species

Podocarpaceae

Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. It contains 19 genera if Phyllocladus is included and if Manoao and Sundacarpus are recognized....

(Podocarpus

Podocarpus

Podocarpus is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family Podocarpaceae. The 105 species of Podocarpus are evergreen shrubs or trees from 1-25 m in height...

and allies)

at least 4 species

Cheirolepidiaceae

Cheirolepidiaceae is a family of extinct coniferous plants.This family of conifers, superficially similar to Cupressaceae, was a significant part of the flora of the Mesozoic, around . They are united by the possession of a distinctive pollen type assigned to the form genus Classopollis...

at least 2 species

Ephedraceae (Mormon teas

Ephedra (genus)

Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, Ephedraceae, and order, Ephedrales. Ephedra grows in dry climates over wide areas of the northern hemisphere, including southwestern North America, Europe, north Africa, and southwest and central Asia, and, in the southern...

)

at least 6 species

Unknown gymnosperms: at least 3 species

Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)

Magnoliopsida

Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being discussed.-Cronquist and...

(dicots)

Buxaceae

Buxaceae are a small family of four or five genera and about 90-120 species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution...

(boxwood

Buxus

Buxus is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae. Common names include box or boxwood ....

)

at least 1 species

Gunneraceae

Gunneraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Gunnerales in the clade core eudicots. The family then consists of one or two genera, Gunnera...

(gunnera

Gunnera

Gunnera is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants, some of them gigantic. The genus is the only member of the family Gunneraceae.The 40-50 species vary enormously in leaf size...

at least 1 species

Salicaceae

Salicaceae are a family of flowering plants. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 55 genera....

(willow

Willow

Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere...

s, cottonwood, quaking aspen)

at least 1 species

Droseraceae

Droseraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family is also known under its common name, the sundew family.It consists of carnivorous plants: besides the sundews, the genus Drosera, it also contains the even more-famous Venus fly trap Dionaea muscipula...

(sundew

Sundew

Drosera, commonly known as the sundews, comprise one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surface. The insects are used to supplement...

at least 1 species

Olacaceae

Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world....

(tallowwood

Tallowwood

Tallowwood is a native Eucalypt species common in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. It grows in forests near the coast on moderate to fertile soils in a protected, sunny position. Tallowwood is drought and frost tender....

)

at least 2 species

Loranthaceae

Loranthaceae is a family of flowering plants, which has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemi-parasites, all of them except three having the mistletoe habit...

(showy mistletoes

Mistletoe

Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemi-parasitic plants in several families in the order Santalales. The plants in question grow attached to and within the branches of a tree or shrub.-Mistletoe in the genus Viscum:...

)

at least 1 species

Sapindaceae

Sapindaceae, also known as the soapberry family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. There are about 140-150 genera with 1400-2000 species, including maple, horse chestnut and lychee....

(soapberry

Soapberry

Soapberry can refer to:* Plants in the genus Sapindus, native to warm temperate to tropical regions in both the Old World and the New World. The berries of these plants contain a natural, low-sudsing detergent called saponin....

)

at least 1 species

Aceraceae

Aceraceae is a family of flowering plants also called the Maple Family. It contains two to four genera, depending upon the circumscription, of some 120 species of trees and shrubs. A common characteristic is that the leaves are opposite, and the fruit a schizocarp.The maples have long been known...

(maple

Maple

Acer is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as maple.Maples are variously classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, or together with the Hippocastanaceae included in the family Sapindaceae. Modern classifications, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, favour inclusion in...

at least 1 species

Proteaceae

Proteaceae is a family of flowering plants distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises about 80 genera with about 1600 species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae they make up the order Proteales. Well known genera include Protea, Banksia, Embothrium, Grevillea,...

(protea

Protea

Protea is both the botanical name and the English common name of a genus of flowering plants, sometimes also called sugarbushes.-Etymology:...

at least 9 species

Compositae (sunflowers)

at least 1 species

Fagaceae

The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like nuts. Fagaceous leaves are often...

(beech

Beech

Beech is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America.-Habit:...

es, oak

Oak

An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus , of which about 600 species exist. "Oak" may also appear in the names of species in related genera, notably Lithocarpus...

s, chestnut

Chestnut

Chestnut , some species called chinkapin or chinquapin, is a genus of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce.-Species:The chestnut belongs to the...

at least 2 species

Betulaceae

Betulaceae, or the Birch Family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams and hop-hornbeams, numbering about 130 species...

(birch

Birch

Birch is a tree or shrub of the genus Betula , in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. The Betula genus contains 30–60 known taxa...

es, alder

Alder

Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants belonging to the birch family . The genus comprises about 30 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, few reaching large size, distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone and in the Americas along the Andes southwards to...

at least 1 species

Ulmaceae

Ulmaceae is a family of flowering plant that includes the elms , and the zelkovas . Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except for Australasia.The family was formerly sometimes treated to include the...

(elm

Elm

Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the plant family Ulmaceae. The dozens of species are found in temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward into Indonesia. Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests...

at least 1 species

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodiaceae were a family of flowering plants, also called the Goosefoot Family. They are now included within family Amaranthaceae. The vast majority of Chenopods are weeds, and many are salt and drought tolerant. A few food crops also belong to the family: spinach, beets, chard, quinoa, and...

(goosefoots)

at least 1 species

Liliopsida

Liliopsida is a botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae . It is considered synonymous with the name monocotyledon. Publication of the name is credited to Scopoli : see author citation...

(monocots)

Liliaceae

The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of monocotyledons in the order Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with several having net venation , and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others have rhizomes...

(lilies)

at least 6 species

Cyperaceae

Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses or rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 species described in about 109 genera. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group...

(sedges)

at least 1 species

Sparganiaceae

Sparganiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...

(bur-reeds)

possibly 1 species

Unknown angiosperms: at least 88 species

Choristoderes

Choristodera

Choristodera is an order of semi-aquatic diapsid reptiles which ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Late Triassic, to at least the early Miocene. Choristoderes have been found in North America, Asia, and Europe. The most common fossils are typically found from the Late Cretaceous to the...

, or champsosaurs, were aquatic reptiles. Small examples looked like lizards, while larger types were superficially similar to crocodilians (Keqin Gao and Brinkman, 2005)

Champsosaurus
Champsosaurus
Champsosaurus is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile belonging to the order Choristodera. It grew to about 1.50 m long....

(at least 3 species)
Cteniogenys
Cteniogenys
Cteniogenys is a genus of choristodere, a morphologically diverse group of aquatic reptiles. It had a wide distribution temporally and geographically, from the Middle Jurassic and Late Jurassic of western Europe, to the Late Jurassic-age Morrison Formation of western North America, to the Late...

Crocodylians (Xiao-Chun Wu, 2005)

Albertochampsa
Albertochampsa
Albertochampsa is an extinct genus of globidontan alligatoroid from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta. It was named in 1972 by Bruce Erickson, and the type species is A. langstoni. It is known from a skull from the Campanian-age Dinosaur Park Formation, where it was rare; Leidyosuchus is the most...
Leidyosuchus
Leidyosuchus
Leidyosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatoroid from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta. It was named in 1907 by Lawrence Lambe, and the type species is L. canadensis. It is known from a number of specimens from the middle Campanian age Dinosaur Park Formation...
at least 1 unnamed taxon

Lizards (Caldwell, 2005)

Helodermatids

Labrodioctes

Necrosaurids

Parasaniwa

Teiids

Teiidae

Teiidae is a family of lizards native to the Americas, generally known as whiptails. The group includes the parthenogenic genera Cnemidophorus and Aspidoscelis, and the non-parthenogenic Tupinambis. It has over 230 member species in ten genera...

Glyptogenys
Socognathus
Socognathus
Socognathus unicuspis is a prehistoric scincomorph from the Middle to Upper Campanian stage. Several specimens have been found in Alberta, Canada....

Varanids

Varanidae

Varanidae is a group of lizards of the superfamily Varanoidea. The family is a group of carnivorous lizards which includes the largest living lizard, the Komodo dragon, and the crocodile monitor. Varanidae contains the living genus Varanus and a number of extinct taxa...

Palaeosaniwa
Palaeosaniwa
Palaeosaniwa is an extinct genus of varanoid lizard from the late Cretaceous of North America. The name, given by Charles Whitney Gilmore in 1928, means "ancient Saniwa."- Description :...

Xenosaurids

Xenosauridae

The Xenosauridae is a family of lizards native to Central America and China. Also known as knob-scaled lizards, they have rounded, bumpy scales and osteoderms. Most species prefer moist or semi-aquatic habitats, although they are widespread within their native regions, with some even inhabiting...

?Exostinus

Plesiosaurs (Sato, Eberth, Nicholls, and Manabe, 2005)

indeterminate elasmosaurids
Elasmosauridae
Elasmosauridae was the family of plesiosaurs. They had the longest necks of the plesiosaurs and survived from the Late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous. They had a diet of fish and shelless cephalopods.-Size:...

(very long-necked) (more common)
indeterminate polycotylids
Polycotylidae
Polycotylidae is a family of plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous, a sister group to the Leptocleididae.With their short necks and large elongated heads, they resemble the pliosaurs, but closer phylogenetical studies indicate that they share many common features with the plesiosauridae and elasmosauridae...

(shorter-necked)

Pterosaurs (Godfrey and Currie, 2005)

Navajodactylus
Navajodactylus
Navajodactylus is an extinct genus of pterosaur from Late Cretaceous deposits of San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Alberta, Canada....
1 large unnamed azhdarchid
Azhdarchidae
Azhdarchidae is a family of pterosaurs known primarily from the late Cretaceous Period, though an isolated vertebrae apparently from an azhdarchid is known from the early Cretaceous as well...

(giant, long-necked pterosaur
Pterosaur
Pterosaurs were flying reptiles of the clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period . Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight...

)
1 smaller unnamed azhdarchid
1 unnamed non-azhdarchid pterosaur

Turtles (Brinkman, 2005)

Adocus
"Apalone
Apalone
Apalone is a North American genus in the Trionychidae family of turtles, a family whose members are commonly referred to as softshell turtles. Apalone species are native primarily to the United States, though they are also found in parts of southern Canada and northern Mexico...

"
Aspideretoides (3 species)
Basilemys
Boremys
Judithemys
Neurankylus
Plesiobaena
Plesiobaena
Plesiobaena is an extinct genus of turtle which existed in the Belly River Formation, Canada during the late Cretaceous period . It was first named by Lambe, L. M. in 1972 and the type species is Plesiobaena antiqua....
2 indeterminate taxa

Footnotes

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