Republican Revolution
Encyclopedia
The Republican Revolution or Revolution of '94 is what the media dubbed Republican Party
(GOP) success in the 1994 U.S. midterm elections
, which resulted in a net gain of 54 seats in the House of Representatives
, and a pickup of eight seats
in the Senate
. The clear leader of the so-called revolution was Republican congressman Newt Gingrich
, who became Speaker of the House as a result of the victory. The day after the election, Democratic Senator Richard Shelby
of Alabama changed parties, becoming a Republican.
The gains in seats in the mid-term election resulted in the Republicans gaining control of both the House and the Senate in January 1995. Republicans had not held the majority in the House for forty years, since the 83rd Congress (elected in 1952
).
Large Republican gains were made in state houses as well when the GOP picked up twelve gubernatorial seats and 472 legislative seats. In so doing, it took control of 20 state legislatures from the Democrats. Prior to this, Republicans had not held the majority of governorships since 1972. In addition, this was the first time in 50 years that the GOP controlled a majority of state legislatures.
Discontent against the Democrats was foreshadowed by a string of elections after 1992, including the capture of the mayoralties of New York
and Los Angeles
by the Republicans in 1993. In that same year, Christine Todd Whitman
captured the New Jersey
governorship from the Democrats and Bret Schundler
became the mayor of overwhelmingly Democratic Jersey City. Republican George Allen won the Virginia
governorship. Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison
took a senate seat from the Democrats in Texas. Republicans Frank Lucas and Ron Lewis
picked up two congressional seats from Democrats in Oklahoma
and Kentucky
in May 1994.
members of the 104th Congress, almost a third (73; 32%) were new to the House. In the Senate, 11 of 54 (20%) Republicans were freshmen.
(*) David Boren resigned to assume the presidency of the University of Oklahoma
; Inhofe was elected to serve the remaining two years of the term.
§ Harlan Mathews was appointed to the seat as a caretaker following the resignation of Vice President
-elect Al Gore
; Thompson was elected to serve the remaining two years of the term.
(*) Lowell Weicker was a member of A Connecticut Party
.
convened in January 1995, House Republicans voted former Minority Whip Newt Gingrich
– the chief architect of their victory and author of the Contract with America
– Speaker of the House
, while the new senatorial Republican majority chose Bob Dole
, previously Minority Leader, as Majority Leader. With their newfound power, Republicans pursued an ambitious agenda but were often forced to compromise with President Clinton, who wielded veto
power.
The 1994 election also marked the end of the Conservative Coalition
, a bipartisan coalition of conservative Republicans and Democrats (often referred to as "boll weevil Democrats
" for their association with the U.S. South), which had often managed to control Congressional outcomes since the New Deal
era.
changed party registration to "Independent" in June 2001, but later returned to Republican control after the November 2002 elections. In the 2006 elections, Democrats won both the House of Representatives (233 Democrats, 202 Republicans) and the Senate (49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and 2 Independents caucus
ing with the Democrats) as well as the majority of state governorships (28-22).
However, in the 2010 elections
, in what was very similar to the 1994 elections, Republicans won back control of the House. The Senate narrowly remained with the Democrats. Republicans also won a Majority of State Governorships and State Legislatures.
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
(GOP) success in the 1994 U.S. midterm elections
United States elections, 1994
The 1994 elections in the United States were held on November 8, 1994. This was the year known as the Republican Revolution, in which members of the Republican Party stormed back to majorities in the House and Senate...
, which resulted in a net gain of 54 seats in the House of Representatives
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...
, and a pickup of eight seats
United States Senate elections, 1994
The U.S. Senate election, 1994 was an election held on November 8, in which the Republican Party was able to take control of the Senate from the Democrats. In a midterm election, the opposition Republicans held the traditional advantage...
in the Senate
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
. The clear leader of the so-called revolution was Republican congressman Newt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich
Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich is a U.S. Republican Party politician who served as the House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995 and as the 58th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999....
, who became Speaker of the House as a result of the victory. The day after the election, Democratic Senator Richard Shelby
Richard Shelby
Richard Craig Shelby is the senior U.S. Senator from Alabama. First elected to the Senate in 1986, he is the ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and was its chairman from 2003 to 2007....
of Alabama changed parties, becoming a Republican.
The gains in seats in the mid-term election resulted in the Republicans gaining control of both the House and the Senate in January 1995. Republicans had not held the majority in the House for forty years, since the 83rd Congress (elected in 1952
United States House election, 1952
The U.S. House election, 1952 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1952 which coincided with the election of President Dwight Eisenhower. Eisenhower's Republican Party gained 22 seats from the Democratic Party, gaining a majority of the House...
).
Large Republican gains were made in state houses as well when the GOP picked up twelve gubernatorial seats and 472 legislative seats. In so doing, it took control of 20 state legislatures from the Democrats. Prior to this, Republicans had not held the majority of governorships since 1972. In addition, this was the first time in 50 years that the GOP controlled a majority of state legislatures.
Discontent against the Democrats was foreshadowed by a string of elections after 1992, including the capture of the mayoralties of New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
and Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
by the Republicans in 1993. In that same year, Christine Todd Whitman
Christine Todd Whitman
Christine Todd "Christie" Whitman is an American Republican politician and author who served as the 50th Governor of New Jersey from 1994 to 2001, and was the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in the administration of President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2003. She was New...
captured the New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
governorship from the Democrats and Bret Schundler
Bret Schundler
Bret D. Schundler is an American politician from New Jersey. He served in the Cabinet of Governor Chris Christie as New Jersey Commissioner of Education until he was dismissed on August 27, 2010....
became the mayor of overwhelmingly Democratic Jersey City. Republican George Allen won the Virginia
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...
governorship. Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Kathryn Ann Bailey Hutchison, known as Kay Bailey Hutchison , is the senior United States Senator from Texas.She is a member of the Republican Party. In 2001, she was named one of the thirty most powerful women in America by Ladies Home Journal. The first woman to represent Texas in the U.S....
took a senate seat from the Democrats in Texas. Republicans Frank Lucas and Ron Lewis
Ron Lewis
Ronald E. "Ron" Lewis , an American politician who was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1994–2009, representing the 2nd Congressional District of Kentucky....
picked up two congressional seats from Democrats in Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
and Kentucky
Kentucky
The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth...
in May 1994.
Pickups
The 1994 elections ushered in a great number of Republican freshmen. For example, of the 230 Republican HouseUnited States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...
members of the 104th Congress, almost a third (73; 32%) were new to the House. In the Senate, 11 of 54 (20%) Republicans were freshmen.
Senate
| Name | State | Predecessor | Predecessor's Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jon Kyl Jon Kyl Jon Llewellyn Kyl is the junior U.S. Senator from Arizona and the Senate Minority Whip, the second-highest position in the Republican Senate leadership. In 2010 he was recognized by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world for his persuasive role in the Senate.The son... |
Arizona Arizona Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix... |
Dennis DeConcini Dennis DeConcini Dennis Webster DeConcini is a former Democratic U.S. Senator from Arizona. Son of former Arizona Supreme Court Judge Evo Anton DeConcini, he represented Arizona in the United States Senate from 1977 until 1995.... |
Retired |
| Olympia Snowe Olympia Snowe Olympia Jean Snowe , née Bouchles, is the senior United States Senator from Maine and a member of the Republican Party. Snowe has become widely known for her ability to influence the outcome of close votes, including whether to end filibusters. She and her fellow Senator from Maine, Susan Collins,... |
Maine Maine Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost... |
George Mitchell George J. Mitchell George John Mitchell, Jr., is the former U.S. Special Envoy for Middle East Peace under the Obama administration. A Democrat, Mitchell was a United States Senator who served as the Senate Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995... |
Retired |
| Spencer Abraham Spencer Abraham Edmund Spencer Abraham is a former United States Senator from Michigan. He served as the tenth United States Secretary of Energy, serving under President George W. Bush. Abraham is one of the founders of the Federalist Society.... |
Michigan Michigan Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake".... |
Don Riegle Donald W. Riegle, Jr. Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. is an American politician from Michigan, who served for five terms as a Representative and for three terms as a Senator.-Early life:... |
Retired |
| Mike DeWine Mike DeWine Richard Michael "Mike" DeWine is the Attorney General for the state of Ohio. He has held numerous offices on the state and federal level, including Ohio State Senator, four terms as a U.S. Congressman, Ohio Lt. Governor, and was a two-term U.S. Senator, serving from 1995 to 2007.- Biography :Born... |
Ohio Ohio Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus... |
Howard Metzenbaum Howard Metzenbaum Howard Morton Metzenbaum was an American politician who served for almost 20 years as a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Ohio . He also served in the Ohio House of Representatives and Senate from 1943 to 1951.-Early life:Metzenbaum was born in Cleveland, to a poor Jewish family, the son... |
Retired |
| Jim Inhofe Jim Inhofe James Mountain "Jim" Inhofe is the senior Senator from Oklahoma and a member of the Republican Party. First elected to the Senate in 1994, he is the ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works and was its chairman from 2003 to 2007. Inhofe served eight... |
Oklahoma Oklahoma Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state... |
David Boren David L. Boren David Lyle Boren is an academic leader and American politician from the state of Oklahoma. A Democrat, he served as the 21st Governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. He is currently president of the University of Oklahoma. He was the longest serving... |
Retired* |
| Rick Santorum Rick Santorum Richard John "Rick" Santorum is a lawyer and a former United States Senator from the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Santorum was the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference -making him the third-ranking Senate Republican from 2001 until his leave in 2007. Santorum is considered both a social... |
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to... |
Harris Wofford Harris Wofford Harris Llewellyn Wofford served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania from 1991 to 1995 and as the fifth president of Bryn Mawr College, and is a noted advocate of national service and volunteering... |
Defeated |
| Fred Thompson | Tennessee Tennessee Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area... |
Harlan Mathews Harlan Mathews Harlan Mathews was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1993 to 1994.-Biography:Mathews is a native of Walker County, Alabama. He graduated from Jacksonville State College with a B.A... |
Retired§ |
| Bill Frist Bill Frist William Harrison "Bill" Frist, Sr. is an American physician, businessman, and politician. He began his career as an heir and major stockholder to the for-profit hospital chain of Hospital Corporation of America. Frist later served two terms as a Republican United States Senator representing... |
Tennessee Tennessee Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area... |
Jim Sasser Jim Sasser James Ralph "Jim" Sasser is an American politician and attorney. A Democrat, Sasser served three terms as a United States Senator from Tennessee and was Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee... |
Defeated |
(*) David Boren resigned to assume the presidency of the University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
The University of Oklahoma is a coeducational public research university located in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma. the university had 29,931 students enrolled, most located at its...
; Inhofe was elected to serve the remaining two years of the term.
§ Harlan Mathews was appointed to the seat as a caretaker following the resignation of Vice President
Vice President of the United States
The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The Vice President, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people, through the Electoral College, to a four-year term...
-elect Al Gore
Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. served as the 45th Vice President of the United States , under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President in the 2000 U.S. presidential election....
; Thompson was elected to serve the remaining two years of the term.
House of Representatives
| Name | District | Predecessor | Predecessor's Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matt Salmon Matt Salmon Matthew James "Matt" Salmon is a former Republican Congressional Representative from Arizona. In 2002, he lost to Janet Napolitano in a highly competitive Arizona governor's race.-Early life, education, and business career:... |
Arizona-1 Arizona's 1st congressional district Arizona's 1st congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona. Geographically, it is the tenth largest congressional district in the country and includes much of the state outside the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas.It is currently represented by... |
Sam Coppersmith Sam Coppersmith Samuel G. "Sam" Coppersmith is a former Democratic United States Congressman from Arizona from 1993 to 1995.... |
Retired; Ran for U.S. Senate |
| J. D. Hayworth J. D. Hayworth John David Hayworth, Jr. , usually known as J. D. Hayworth, is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2007 from Arizona's 5th congressional district... |
Arizona-6 Arizona's 6th congressional district Arizona's 6th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona and encompasses parts of Maricopa and Pinal counties... |
Karan English Karan English Karan English served in the U.S. House of Representatives of the 103rd United States Congress from 1993 to 1995.... |
Defeated |
| Frank Riggs Frank Riggs Frank D. Riggs is a politician from the states of California and Arizona.Riggs was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and he served in the United States Army from 1972 to 1975. Riggs worked as a police officer and in real estate... |
California-1 California's 1st congressional district California's 1st congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of California and presently consists of the northern coastline and includes Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino and Napa counties and parts of Sonoma and Yolo counties.The district is currently... |
Dan Hamburg Daniel Hamburg Daniel Hamburg is an American politician and a former Democratic Party Congressman and 1998 Green Party Gubernatorial candidate from California. He remains active in both the Democratic Party and Green Party.-Early life:... |
Defeated |
| George Radanovich George Radanovich George Purdy Radanovich is a former U.S. Representative for , serving from 1995 to 2011. The district includes most of northern Fresno, as well as several rural areas northeast of the city. On December 29, 2009, Radanovich announced he would not seek reelection in 2010... |
California-19 California's 19th congressional district California's 19th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of California that covers parts of Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus counties.... |
Richard Lehman Richard H. Lehman Richard Henry "Rick" Lehman is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from California who served from 1983 to 1995; he was previously a member of the California State Assembly.... |
Defeated |
| Brian Bilbray Brian Bilbray Brian Phillip Bilbray is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 2006, and previously for the 49th district from 1995 to 2001. He is a member of the Republican Party. Bilbray is Chairman of the House Immigration Reform Caucus and a member of the influential... |
California-49 California's 49th congressional district California's 49th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California that currently covers much of northern San Diego County and southwestern Riverside County.The district is currently represented by Republican Darrell E... |
Lynn Schenk Lynn Schenk Lynn Schenk is a former American Democratic politician from the state of California. She served one term in the United States House of Representatives, from 1993 to 1995.... |
Defeated |
| Joe Scarborough Joe Scarborough Charles Joseph "Joe" Scarborough is an American cable news and talk radio host, lawyer, author, and former politician. He is currently the host of Morning Joe on MSNBC, and previously hosted Scarborough Country on the same channel... |
Florida-1 Florida's 1st congressional district Florida's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida, covering the state's western Panhandle. It includes all of Escambia, Holmes, Washington, and Santa Rosa counties and portions of Okaloosa and Walton counties... |
Earl Hutto Earl Dewitt Hutto Earl Dewitt Hutto was a U.S. Representative from Florida.Born in Midland City, Alabama, Hutto attended Dale County public schools, and received a Bachelor of Science from Troy State University in 1949. He did graduate work in broadcasting at Northwestern University in 1951 and served in the United... |
Retired |
| Dave Weldon Dave Weldon David Joseph Weldon, is an American politician and physician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing .-Early life:... |
Florida-15 Florida's 15th congressional district Florida's 15th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida. The district contains most of Brevard County south of the city of Cocoa, all of Indian River County, most of Osceola County, and a very small portion of Polk County... |
Jim Bacchus Jim Bacchus James Bacchus is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives and a former chairman of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization.... |
Retired |
| Bob Barr Bob Barr Robert Laurence "Bob" Barr, Jr. is a former federal prosecutorand a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Republican from 1995 to 2003. Barr attained national prominence as one of the leaders of the impeachment of... |
Georgia-7 Georgia's 7th congressional district Georgia's 7th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district includes all of Barrow and Walton counties and portions of Forsyth, Gwinnett, and Newton counties.... |
Buddy Darden George Darden George Washington "Buddy" Darden, III is an American politician and lawyer.-Early life:Darden was born in Hancock County, Georgia and graduated from Sparta High School in Sparta, Georgia in 1961. He earned his Bachelor of Arts at the University of Georgia in Athens in 1965 and his Juris Doctor... |
Defeated |
| Saxby Chambliss Saxby Chambliss Clarence Saxby Chambliss, Jr. is the senior United States Senator from Georgia. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a U.S. Representative .... |
Georgia-8 Georgia's 8th congressional district Georgia's 8th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. Located in central Georgia, the district is based in Macon and also includes Warner Robins, Tifton, and Moultrie... |
J. Roy Rowland J. Roy Rowland James Roy Rowland, Jr. is an American politician and physician from Georgia.Rowland attended Wrightsville High School and graduated in 1943. He then attended Emory at Oxford in Oxford, Georgia in 1943, South Georgia College in Douglas, Georgia in 1946 and the University of Georgia in Athens from... |
Retired |
| Charlie Norwood Charlie Norwood Charles Whitlow Norwood, Jr., D.D.S. was an American politician and dentist, serving as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 until his death... |
Georgia-10 Georgia's 10th congressional district Georgia's 10th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. Located in the northeastern part of the state, the district includes the cities of Athens, Evans, Augusta, Watkinsville, and Toccoa... |
Don Johnson Clete Donald Johnson, Jr. Clete Donald "Don" Johnson, Jr. is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer and academic from the state of Georgia.- Early life and education :... |
Defeated |
| Helen Chenoweth Helen Chenoweth-Hage Helen P. Chenoweth-Hage, born Helen Margaret Palmer was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho, the first Republican woman to represent that state in the United States Congress.... |
Idaho-1 Idaho's 1st congressional district Idaho's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Idaho. The district encompasses the western and northern parts of the state and includes the western third of the state capital, Boise, and most of its suburbs, including Nampa, Caldwell, and Meridian... |
Larry LaRocco Larry LaRocco Larry LaRocco is a Democratic politician from the US state of Idaho, who served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. LaRocco was defeated by Republican Jim Risch for the open U.S. Senate seat in Idaho in 2008.... |
Defeated |
| Michael Flanagan Michael Patrick Flanagan Michael Patrick Flanagan is an American politician from Illinois, and a Republican. He served one term in the United States House of Representatives.... |
Illinois-5 Illinois's 5th congressional district The 5th Congressional District of Illinois was created as part of the 28th United States Congress, which first met on March 4, 1843; it was initially represented by Stephen A. Douglas, whose Kansas-Nebraska Act prompted the creation of the Republican Party... |
Dan Rostenkowski Dan Rostenkowski Daniel David "Dan" Rostenkowski was a United States Representative from Illinois, serving from 1959 to 1995. Raised in a blue-collar neighborhood on the Northwest Side of Chicago, Rostenkowski rose to become one of the most powerful legislators in Washington. He was a member of the Democratic Party... |
Defeated |
| Jerry Weller Jerry Weller Gerald C. "Jerry" Weller is an American politician who was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing .- Early life:... |
Illinois-11 | George Sangmeister George E. Sangmeister George Edward Sangmeister was a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He originally represented Illinois' 4th District, before it was renumbered as the 11th district.... |
Retired |
| David McIntosh David M. McIntosh David Martin McIntosh is a lawyer who served as a Republican representative from Indiana from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 2001. McIntosh was the Republican candidate for Governor of Indiana in 2000, losing to incumbent Democrat Frank O'Bannon He is currently a candidate in Indiana's 5th... |
Indiana-2 Indiana's 2nd congressional district Indiana's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Indiana. Based in South Bend, the district is located in north-central Indiana and takes in the Indiana portion of the Michiana region... |
Phil Sharp | Retired |
| Mark Souder Mark Souder Mark Edward Souder is an American Republican politician who was a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1995 to 2010.During the 1980s and early 1990s, he worked as a congressional aide to Dan Coats and committee staff director. He was elected to his congressional seat in 1994... |
Indiana-4 Indiana's 4th congressional district Indiana's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Indiana. Based primary in the central part of the state, the district consists of all of Boone, Clinton, Hendricks, Morgan, Lawrence, Montgomery, and Tippecanoe counties and parts of Fountain, Johnson, Marion,... |
Jill Long Thompson | Defeated |
| John Hostettler John Hostettler John Nathan Hostettler , was a Republican candidate for the open U.S. Senate seat in the state of Indiana held by retiring Senator Evan Bayh. On December 3, 2009, Hostettler announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate, but lost to former Senator Dan Coats.Hostettler served in the U.S... |
Indiana-8 Indiana's 8th congressional district Indiana's 8th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Indiana. Based in Southwest and west central Indiana, the district is anchored in Evansville and also includes Terre Haute, Vincennes and Washington.... |
Frank McCloskey Frank McCloskey Francis Xavier "Frank" McCloskey was a six-term Democratic representative from Indiana from January 3, 1983 to January 3, 1995, widely remembered for his advocacy on behalf of Bosnian Muslims. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later moved to Bloomington, Indiana after receiving an... |
Defeated |
| Greg Ganske Greg Ganske John Greg Ganske is a politician from Iowa. He began a career as a plastic surgeon, but went on to serve as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003.... |
Iowa-4 Iowa's 4th congressional district Iowa's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Iowa that covers most of the north-central part of the state.... |
Neal Smith | Defeated |
| Sam Brownback Sam Brownback Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback is the 46th and current Governor of Kansas. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1996 to 2011, and as a U.S. Representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district from 1995 to 1996... |
Kansas-2 Kansas's 2nd congressional district Kansas's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas covering most of the eastern part of the state, except for the core of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. The district encompasses less than a quarter of the state... |
Jim Slattery Jim Slattery James Charles Slattery is an American politician and was the Democratic candidate for U.S. Senator from Kansas.- Early life and career :... |
Retired; Ran for Governor Governor of Kansas The Governor of the State of Kansas is the head of state for the State of Kansas, United States. Under the Kansas Constitution, the Governor is also the head of government, serving as the chief executive of the Kansas executive branch, of the government of Kansas. The Governor is the... |
| Todd Tiahrt Todd Tiahrt Todd Tiahrt is the former U.S. Representative for , serving from 1995 until 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district encompasses 11 counties in the south central region of the state, including the city of Wichita. He was succeeded by Republican Mike Pompeo.Tiahrt ran... |
Kansas-4 Kansas's 4th congressional district Kansas's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. Based in the south central part of the state, the district encompasses 11 counties including the city of Wichita.... |
Dan Glickman Dan Glickman Daniel Robert "Dan" Glickman is an American businessman and politician. He served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1995 until 2001, prior to which he represented the Fourth Congressional District of Kansas as a Democrat in Congress for 18 years. He was Chairman and CEO of the... |
Defeated |
| Ed Whitfield Ed Whitfield Wayne Edward "Ed" Whitfield is the U.S. Representative of , serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party.The district covers much of the western part of the state, including Hopkinsville, Paducah, Henderson and Kentucky's share of Fort Campbell.-Early life, education and... |
Kentucky-1 Kentucky's 1st congressional district Kentucky's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in Western Kentucky, the district takes in Henderson, Hopkinsville, Madisonville, Paducah, and the college town of Murray.... |
Tom Barlow Thomas Barlow (politician) Thomas Jefferson "Tom" Barlow III , a Democrat, represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives for one term.Barlow was born in Washington, DC, but grew up in Louisville, Kentucky... |
Defeated |
| Jim Longley James B. Longley, Jr. James B. "Jim" Longley, Jr. is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He is a Republican politician from Maine.... |
Maine-1 Maine's 1st congressional district Maine's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Maine. The geographically smaller of the two congressional districts in the state, the district covers the southern coastal area of the state. The district consists of all of Cumberland, Knox, Lincoln, Sagadahoc,... |
Tom Andrews Thomas Andrews (politician) Thomas Hiram Andrews , was a politician from Maine and a Democrat.A 1976 graduate of Bowdoin College, Andrews served in the Maine House of Representatives and Maine State Senate before being elected to two terms in the U.S... |
Retired; Ran for U.S. Senate |
| Dick Chrysler Dick Chrysler Richard "Dick" Chrysler is a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.Chrysler was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and graduated from Brighton High School in Brighton, Michigan... |
Michigan-8 Michigan's 8th congressional district Michigan's 8th congressional district is a United States congressional district in Southern Michigan and Southeast Michigan. It consists of all of Clinton, Ingham, and Livingston counties, and includes the southern portion of Shiawassee and the northern portion of Oakland counties.The district was... |
Bob Carr Milton Robert Carr Milton Robert Carr, commonly known as Bob Carr, is a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.Carr served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 6th and 8th congressional districts for eight terms and one term, respectively. Carr's career in the U.S... |
Retired; Ran for U.S. Senate |
| Gil Gutknecht Gil Gutknecht Gilbert William "Gil" Gutknecht, Jr. is an American politician. Gutknecht was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives first elected in 1994 to represent Minnesota's 1st congressional district, one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota... |
Minnesota-1 Minnesota's 1st congressional district Minnesota's 1st congressional district extends across southern Minnesota from the border with South Dakota to the border with Wisconsin. The First District is primarily a rural district built on a strong history of agriculture, although this is changing rapidly due to strong population growth in... |
Tim Penny Tim Penny Timothy Joe "Tim" Penny , is an American politician from Minnesota. Penny was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor member of the United States House of Representatives, 1983–1995, representing Minnesota's 1st congressional district in the 98th, 99th, 100th, 101st, 102nd and 103rd congresses.-Early life:Penny... |
Retired |
| Roger Wicker Roger Wicker Roger Frederick Wicker is the junior U.S. Senator from Mississippi and a member of the Republican Party. In December 2007 he was appointed by Governor Haley Barbour to fill the seat vacated by Trent Lott. He subsequently won the 2008 special election for the remainder of the term. Wicker served... |
Mississippi-1 Mississippi's 1st congressional district Mississippi's 1st congressional district is in the northeast corner of the state. It includes much of the northern portion of the state including Columbus, Grenada, Oxford, Southaven, and Tupelo.... |
Jamie Whitten Jamie L. Whitten Jamie Lloyd Whitten was a United States Representative from Mississippi, who was of English and Swedish descent. He is the second-longest serving U.S. Representative ever and the fourth longest serving U.S. member of Congress ever.-Early life:Jamie Whitten was born in Cascilla, Mississippi... |
Retired |
| Jon Christensen Jon Lynn Christensen Jon Lynn Christensen is a former member of the United States House of Representatives.Christensen graduated from St. Paul High School, earned his undergraduate degree from Midland Lutheran College, and his Juris Doctor from South Texas College of Law in Houston... |
Nebraska-2 Nebraska's 2nd congressional district Nebraska's 2nd congressional district encompasses the core of the Omaha metropolitan area. It includes all of Douglas County, which includes Omaha, and the urbanized areas of Sarpy County... |
Peter Hoagland Peter Hoagland Peter D. Hoagland was an American Democratic politician from Nebraska who represented that state's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 to 1995.... |
Defeated |
| John Ensign John Ensign John Eric Ensign is a former United States Senator from Nevada, serving from January 2001 until he resigned amid an investigation of an ethics violation in May 2011... |
Nevada-1 Nevada's 1st congressional district Nevada's 1st congressional district occupies most of Nevada's largest city, Las Vegas, as well as parts of North Las Vegas and parts of unincorporated Clark County. The district now leans Democratic.... |
James Bilbray James Bilbray James Hubert Bilbray is an American politician and lawyer from Nevada.Born in Las Vegas, Nevada, Bilbray graduated from Las Vegas High School and attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, from 1959 to 1960. He received a B.A. in government and public administration from American University in... |
Defeated |
| Charlie Bass | New Hampshire-2 New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district covers the western and northern parts of New Hampshire. It includes the state's second-largest city, Nashua, as well as the state capital, Concord... |
Dick Swett Richard Swett Richard "Dick" Swett is an American politician from the U.S. state of New Hampshire.-Early life, education and career:Swett was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania and moved to New Hampshire with his family as a child... |
Defeated |
| Frank LoBiondo Frank LoBiondo Frank A. LoBiondo is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district is at the southern end of New Jersey, and by far the biggest Congressional District in the state... |
New Jersey-2 New Jersey's 2nd congressional district New Jersey's Second Congressional District is currently represented by Republican Frank LoBiondo.-Counties and municipalities in the district:... |
Bill Hughes William J. Hughes William John "Bill" Hughes served as a Democratic Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1995, representing New Jersey’s Second Congressional District which includes major portions of the Jersey Shore and Pine Barrens, the cities of Vineland and Atlantic City, and the counties... |
Retired |
| Bill Martini William J. Martini William J. "Bill" Martini is a United States district court judge for the District of New Jersey, having served in this position since November 19, 2002... |
New Jersey-8 New Jersey's 8th congressional district New Jersey's Eighth Congressional District is currently represented by Democrat Bill Pascrell.-Counties and municipalities in the district:For the 108th and successive Congresses , the district contains all, or portions of 2 counties and 21 municipalities.Essex County:Passaic County:2010... |
Herb Klein Herbert Klein Herbert "Herb" Klein is an American Democratic Party politician, who represented New Jersey's Eighth Congressional district in the House of Representatives, where he served from January 3, 1993–January 3, 1995.... |
Defeated |
| Michael Forbes Michael Forbes Michael Patrick Forbes is a politician from the state of New York.- Early life and career:Michael Patrick Forbes was born on 16 July 1952 in Riverhead, New York. Forbes graduated from the SUNY Albany. Forbes worked as an assistant for Republicans U.S. Sen. Al D'Amato and U.S. Rep. Connie Mack... |
New York-1 New York's 1st congressional district The 1st Congressional District of New York is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in eastern Long Island. It includes most of Central and Eastern Suffolk County, including most of Smithtown, as well as the entirety of the towns of Brookhaven, Riverhead, Southold,... |
George Hochbrueckner George J. Hochbrueckner George Joseph Hochbrueckner was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.-Education and career:... |
Defeated |
| David Funderburk David Funderburk David Britton Funderburk was the ambassador of the United States to Romania from 1981 to 1985, and a U.S. Representative from North Carolina, serving as a Republican between 1995 and 1997.... |
North Carolina-2 North Carolina's 2nd congressional district North Carolina's 2nd congressional district is located in the central and eastern parts of the state. Today, the district, which is represented by Republican Rep... |
Tim Valentine Tim Valentine Itimous Thaddeus Valentine, Jr. , generally known as Tim Valentine, was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina from 1983 to 1995.... |
Retired |
| Walter Jones Walter B. Jones Walter Beaman Jones, Jr. is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district encompasses the Outer Banks and areas near the Pamlico Sound. Jones' father was Walter B. Jones, Sr., a Democratic Party congressman from the neighboring 1st district... |
North Carolina-3 North Carolina's 3rd congressional district North Carolina's 3rd congressional district is located on the Atlantic coast of North Carolina. It covers the Outer Banks and the counties adjacent to the Pamlico Sound. It also spikes inwards through Duplin, Wayne, Wilson, Nash, Craven, Carteret and Pitt counties.The district is represented by... |
Martin Lancaster Martin Lancaster Harold Martin Lancaster is the former President of the North Carolina Community College System and former Chair of the National Council of State Directors of Community Colleges... |
Defeated |
| Fred Heineman Fred Heineman Frederick K. "Fred" Heineman was a Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina, serving between 1995 and 1997.... |
North Carolina-4 North Carolina's 4th congressional district The Fourth Congressional district of North Carolina is located in the central region of the state and contains most of the area commonly known as The Triangle. It includes all of Durham and Orange counties, part of Wake County and a small section of Chatham County... |
David Price David Price (American politician) David Eugene Price is a professor and the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1997 and previously from 1987 to 1995. He is a member of the Democratic Party... |
Defeated |
| Richard Burr Richard Burr Richard Mauze Burr is the senior United States Senator from North Carolina and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, Burr represented North Carolina's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.... |
North Carolina-5 North Carolina's 5th congressional district North Carolina's 5th congressional district covers the northwestern corner of North Carolina from the Appalachian Mountains to the Piedmont Triad. The district includes Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Davie, Stokes, Surry, Watauga, Wilkes, and Yadkin counties and parts of Forsyth, Iredell, and... |
Steve Neal Stephen L. Neal Stephen Lybrook "Steve" Neal was a North Carolina Democratic politician who served ten terms in the U.S. House of Representatives .... |
Retired |
| Steve Chabot Steve Chabot Steven Joseph "Steve" Chabot is the U.S. Representative for . He is a member of the Republican Party. He previously represented the district from 1995 to 2009.-Early life, education and career:... |
Ohio-1 Ohio's 1st congressional district Ohio's 1st congressional district is currently represented by Republican Steve Chabot. This district includes parts of Cincinnati, and borders both Kentucky and Indiana.-Cities:Cincinnati Cheviot Deer Park Forest Park Harrison Mount Healthy... |
David Mann David S. Mann David Scott Mann is an American politician of the Democratic party in Ohio.Mann was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1961 at Harvard University. After graduating, Mann served in the United States Navy, from 1961 to 1965. Afterwards, he was accepted at Harvard Law School and he was awarded a... |
Defeated |
| Frank Cremeans Frank Cremeans Frank A. Cremeans was an Ohio small-businessman who represented Ohio in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican. He served one term in Congress, from 1995 to 1997.... |
Ohio-6 Ohio's 6th congressional district Ohio's 6th congressional district is currently represented by Representative Bill Johnson . This district runs along the southeast side of the state, bordering Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania... |
Ted Strickland Ted Strickland Theodore "Ted" Strickland was the 68th Governor of Ohio, serving from 2007 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the United States House of Representatives, representing .... |
Defeated |
| Bob Ney Bob Ney Robert William Ney is an American politician from the U.S. state of Ohio. A Republican, Ney represented Ohio's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 until November 3, 2006, when he resigned... |
Ohio-18 Ohio's 18th congressional district The 18th congressional district of Ohio is currently represented by Republican Bob Gibbs. The district ranges around the eastern part of Ohio, taking in a collection of small cities and rural areas. The district voted for the majority party in the House of Representatives in every election since... |
Doug Applegate Douglas Applegate Douglas "Doug" Applegate is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. Applegate is a Democrat.... |
Retired |
| Steve LaTourette Steve LaTourette Steven C. "Steve" LaTourette is the U.S. House of Representative for , serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party.-Early life, education and career:... |
Ohio-19 Ohio's 19th congressional district Ohio's 19th congressional district was created following the 1830 census and was eliminated after the 2000 census.From 1992-2002 it included all of Lake County and Ashtabula County together with a collection of Eastern suburbs of Cleveland... |
Eric Fingerhut Eric Fingerhut Eric David Fingerhut is an American politician of the Ohio Democratic party. Fingerhut was appointed the Chancellor of the Ohio Board of Regents on March 14, 2007 by Governor Ted Strickland. This position makes him a member of the Ohio Governor's Cabinet... |
Defeated |
| Tom Coburn Tom Coburn Thomas Allen "Tom" Coburn, M.D. , is an American politician, medical doctor, and Southern Baptist deacon. A member of the Republican Party, he currently serves as the junior U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. In the Senate, he is known as "Dr. No" for his tendency to place holds on and vote against bills... |
Oklahoma-2 Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district Oklahoma's Second Congressional District is one of five United States Congressional districts in Oklahoma and covers approximately one-fourth of the state in the east... |
Mike Synar Mike Synar Michael Lynn "Mike" Synar was an American Democratic politician who represented Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district in Congress for eight terms.-Early life and career:... |
Defeated (in primary) |
| J. C. Watts | Oklahoma-4 Oklahoma's 4th congressional district Oklahoma's Fourth Congressional District is located in south-central Oklahoma and covers a total of 15 counties. Its principal cities include Midwest City, Norman, Moore, Ada, Duncan, Lawton/Ft. Sill, and Ardmore... |
Dave McCurdy Dave McCurdy David Keith McCurdy is a U.S. lawyer, politician, conservative Democrat, and a former Oklahoma Congressman from Oklahoma's 4th congressional district. He is president of the American Gas Association.-Early life and education:... |
Retired; Ran for U.S. Senate |
| Jim Bunn Jim Bunn James Lee Bunn is an American politician from Oregon. A native of Yamhill County, he served in the Oregon State Senate before election to the United States House of Representatives where he served one term... |
Oregon-5 Oregon's 5th congressional district Oregon's 5th congressional district represents Oregon's central coast through Salem, north to the southern Portland suburbs, and east to the summit of Mount Hood. It includes Lincoln, Marion, Polk, and Tillamook counties, most of Clackamas County, and part of Benton and Multnomah counties... |
Mike Kopetski Michael J. Kopetski Michael Joseph "Mike" Kopetski is an American businessman and former politician.Kopetski, a Democrat, was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives from 1985 to 1989. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in 1982 and again in 1988, where he lost by a mere 707... |
Retired |
| Jon Fox Jon D. Fox Jon D. Fox was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Jon Fox was born in Abington, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Pennsylvania State University in State College, PA in 1969, and earned a J.D. from the Delaware School of Law , in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1975... |
Pennsylvania-13 Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district The 13th Congressional District of Pennsylvania is located in Southeastern Pennsylvania, covering eastern Montgomery County and Northeast Philadelphia. The district traditionally included most of Montgomery County, but was redrawn in 2002... |
Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky is an adjunct faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania and a women's right activist. She is a former journalist and a former politician for the Democratic Party. From 1993 to 1995 she was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing... |
Defeated |
| Lindsey Graham Lindsey Graham Lindsey Olin Graham is the senior U.S. Senator from South Carolina and a member of the Republican Party. Previously he served as the U.S. Representative for .-Early life, education and career:... |
South Carolina-3 South Carolina's 3rd congressional district The 3rd Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in western South Carolina bordering both Georgia and North Carolina. It includes all of Abbeville, Anderson, Edgefield, Greenwood, Laurens, McCormick, Oconee, Pickens and Saluda counties and approximately half of Aiken... |
Butler Derrick Butler Derrick Butler Carson Derrick, Jr. was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.Born in Springfield, Massachusetts, he attended the public schools in Mayesville and Florence, South Carolina. He graduated from the University of South Carolina in 1958 and earned an LL.B. from the University of Georgia Law... |
Retired |
| Zach Wamp Zach Wamp Zachary Paul "Zach" Wamp is the former U.S. Representative for , serving from 1995 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party... |
Tennessee-3 Tennessee's 3rd congressional district The 3rd Congressional District of Tennessee is a congressional district in Tennessee. It currently includes a north-south strip in the eastern part of the state. Current Republican Representative Chuck Fleischmann has served since 2011.... |
Marilyn Lloyd Marilyn Lloyd Rachel Marilyn Laird Lloyd is a Tennessee businesswoman and 10-term member of the United States House of Representatives .-Biographical information:... |
Retired |
| Van Hilleary Van Hilleary William Vanderpool Hilleary, usually known as Van Hilleary is a Republican politician from Tennessee.-Early life and career:... |
Tennessee-4 Tennessee's 4th congressional district The 4th Congressional District of Tennessee is a congressional district in Middle and East Tennessee. It is the state's largest district in terms of area, and one of the largest east of the Mississippi River, because of low population density and rural character... |
Jim Cooper Jim Cooper James Hayes Shofner "Jim" Cooper is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 2003. He is a member of the Democratic Party and the Blue Dog Coalition. He previously represented from 1983 to 1995.... |
Retired; Ran for U.S. Senate |
| Steve Stockman Steve Stockman Steve Stockman is a Republican politician who represented Texas's 9th Congressional District between 1995 and 1997.- Biography :Stockman was born in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, near Detroit. He graduated from Dondero High School.... |
Texas-9 Texas's 9th congressional district -References:*... |
Jack Brooks Jack Brooks (politician) Jack Bascom Brooks is a retired Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Texas, who served for more than 40 years in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was defeated for reelection in the 1994 election... |
Defeated |
| Mac Thornberry Mac Thornberry William McClellan "Mac" Thornberry is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party.... |
Texas-13 Texas's 13th congressional district -References:*... |
Bill Sarpalius Bill Sarpalius William "Bill" Sarpalius is a former Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, having represented from 1989 to 1995 District 13, which covers the Texas Panhandle eastward to Wichita Falls, Texas.... |
Defeated |
| Enid Greene Waldholtz Enid Greene Enid Greene, formerly Enid Greene Waldholtz is a politician from the state of Utah who served one term in the United States House of Representatives. She was the third woman and first Republican woman elected to congress from Utah. Since her retirement in 1997 no woman has served in Congress from... |
Utah-2 Utah's 2nd congressional district Utah's 2nd congressional district currently serves the largely rural southern and eastern portions of Utah, including Saint George and Moab in the south and Vernal in the east, as well as the east side of urban Salt Lake County, the northern portion of Utah County, and Wasatch County. The current... |
Karen Shepherd Karen Shepherd Karen Shepherd was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Utah.Shepherd was born in Silver City, New Mexico. She graduated from the University of Utah in 1962 with a B.A. and Brigham Young University in 1963 with a M.A. and served served in the Utah State Senator... |
Defeated |
| Tom Davis Thomas M. Davis Thomas Milburn "Tom" Davis III was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Virginia's 11th congressional district in Northern Virginia. Davis was considering a run for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by five-term incumbent and fellow Republican John... |
Virginia-11 Virginia's 11th congressional district Virginia's Eleventh Congressional District is a U.S. congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It comprises most of Fairfax County, all of the city of Fairfax, and part of eastern Prince William County... |
Leslie Byrne Leslie L. Byrne Leslie Byrne is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia, and was the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress from the Commonwealth of Virginia... |
Defeated |
| Rick White | Washington-1 Washington's 1st congressional district Washington's 1st congressional district encompasses part of Northwest Seattle and largely suburban areas north and east of Seattle including Shoreline, Edmonds, Lynnwood, Mountlake Terrace, Bothell, Kirkland and Redmond as well as Bainbridge Island and part of the Kitsap Peninsula. It is currently... |
Maria Cantwell Maria Cantwell Maria E. Cantwell is the junior United States Senator from the state of Washington and a member of the Democratic Party.... |
Defeated |
| Jack Metcalf Jack Metcalf Jack Metcalf was an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2001. He represented the 2nd Congressional District of Washington as a Republican.... |
Washington-2 Washington's 2nd congressional district Washington's 2nd congressional district encompasses the northern portion of Western Washington from the vicinity of the King/Snohomish county line to the Canadian border, including the San Juan Islands. Since 2001, it has been represented by Democrat Rick Larsen.Originally created in 1909 when... |
Al Swift Al Swift Allan Byron Swift , an Emmy award–winning broadcaster, served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1995. He represented the Second Congressional District of Washington as a Democrat.... |
Retired |
| Linda Smith | Washington-3 Washington's 3rd congressional district Washington's 3rd congressional district encompasses the southernmost portion of Western Washington, from Olympia south to the Columbia River. It includes the counties of Lewis, Pacific, Wahkiakum, Cowlitz, and Clark, and the majority of Thurston and Skamania counties... |
Jolene Unsoeld Jolene Unsoeld Jolene Unsoeld , an American politician, served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1989 to 1995. She represented the Third congressional district of Washington as a Democrat.... |
Defeated |
| Doc Hastings Doc Hastings Richard Norman "Doc" Hastings is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes most of the central part of the state, including Yakima, Wenatchee, and the Tri-Cities.... |
Washington-4 Washington's 4th congressional district Washington's 4th congressional district encompasses a large area of central Washington, covering the counties of Chelan, Douglas, Kittitas, Grant, Yakima, Franklin, Benton, Klickitat, and parts of Adams and Skamania counties. The district is dominated by the Yakima and Tri-Cities areas. Since... |
Jay Inslee Jay Inslee Jay Robert Inslee is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1999. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes many of Seattle's northern suburbs in King, Snohomish, and Kitsap counties... |
Defeated |
| George Nethercutt George Nethercutt George R. Nethercutt, Jr. is an American politician, and is the founder and chairman of The George Nethercutt Foundation. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2005, representing .... |
Washington-5 Washington's 5th congressional district Washington's 5th congressional district encompasses the Eastern Washington counties of Okanogan, Ferry, Stevens, Pend Oreille, Lincoln, Spokane, Adams, Whitman, Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield, and Asotin. It is centered around Spokane, the state's second largest city.Since 2005, the 5th District... |
Tom Foley Tom Foley Thomas Stephen Foley was the 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1989 to 1995. He represented Washington's 5th congressional district for 30 years as a Democratic member from 1965 to 1995.... |
Defeated |
| Randy Tate Randy Tate Randy J. Tate is an American politician and a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Washington.... |
Washington-9 Washington's 9th congressional district Washington's 9th congressional district encompasses a long, somewhat narrow area in western Washington that largely follows Interstate 5 through the densely populated central Puget Sound region, from Olympia in the south to Renton in the north. Since 1997, the 9th District has been represented in... |
Mike Kreidler Mike Kreidler Myron Bradford "Mike" Kreidler is an American politician who currently serves as the Washington Insurance Commissioner. He is a Democrat.... |
Defeated |
| Mark Neumann Mark Neumann Mark W. Neumann is a businessman and politician. He represented from 1995 to 1999. In 2010, Neumann lost a bid to become the Republican nominee for Governor of Wisconsin. Neumann is currently a candidate for U.S... |
Wisconsin-1 Wisconsin's 1st congressional district Wisconsin's 1st congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in southeastern Wisconsin, covering Kenosha County, Racine County and most of Walworth County, as well as portions of Rock County, Waukesha County and Milwaukee County. The district's... |
Peter Barca | Defeated |
Governorships
| Name | State | Predecessor | Predecessor's Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fob James Fob James Forrest Hood James, Jr., known as Fob James , is an American politician, a civil engineer, and an all-American half-back... |
Alabama Alabama Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland... |
Jim Folsom, Jr. Jim Folsom, Jr. James Elisha Folsom, Jr. is an American Democratic politician who was the 50th Governor of Alabama from April 22, 1993 to January 16, 1995.-Early life and career:... |
Defeated |
| John Rowland John G. Rowland John Grosvenor Rowland was the 86th Governor of Connecticut from 1995 to 2004; he is a member of the Republican Party. He is married to Patty Rowland, his second wife, and the couple have five children between them... |
Connecticut Connecticut Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately... |
Lowell Weicker Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. Lowell Palmer Weicker, Jr. is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and the 85th Governor of Connecticut, and unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for President in 1980... * |
Retired |
| Phil Batt Phil Batt Philip Eugene Batt was the 29th Governor of Idaho from 1995 to 1999.Batt was an onion and hops farmer from Wilder... |
Idaho Idaho Idaho is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state.... |
Cecil Andrus Cecil D. Andrus Cecil Dale Andrus was an American politician who served as Governor of Idaho from 1971 to 1977, and again from 1987 to 1995; and in Washington as United States Secretary of the Interior from 1977 to 1981, during the Carter administration... |
Term limited |
| Bill Graves Bill Graves William Preston "Bill" Graves , was the 43rd Governor of Kansas from 1995 until 2003.Graves was born in Salina, Kansas in 1953 to parents who owned a trucking firm... |
Kansas Kansas Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south... |
Joan Finney Joan Finney Joan Finney , served as the 42nd Governor of Kansas from 1991 to 1995.She was born Joan Marie McInroy in Topeka, Kansas, the daughter of Leonard and Mary Sands McInroy. She graduated from high school in Manhattan, Kansas in 1942. In 1957, she married Spencer Finney, Jr... |
Retired |
| Gary Johnson Gary Johnson Gary Johnson may refer to:*Gary Johnson , former Governor of New Mexico and candidate for President in 2012*Gary Johnson , American politician, Wisconsin State Assembly... |
New Mexico New Mexico New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S... |
Bruce King Bruce King Bruce King was an American politician who served three terms as the governor of the state of New Mexico. He was a Democrat.King was born in 1924 in Stanley, New Mexico. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II... |
Defeated |
| George Pataki George Pataki George Elmer Pataki is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995 until December 31, 2006.- Early life :... |
New York New York New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east... |
Mario Cuomo Mario Cuomo Mario Matthew Cuomo served as the 52nd Governor of New York from 1983 to 1994, and is the father of Andrew Cuomo, the current governor of New York.-Early life:... |
Defeated |
| Frank Keating Frank Keating Francis Anthony "Frank" Keating is an American politician from Oklahoma. Keating served as the 25th Governor of Oklahoma. His first term began in 1995 and ended in 1999... |
Oklahoma Oklahoma Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state... |
David Walters David Walters David Lee Walters was the 24th Governor of Oklahoma from 1991 to 1995.-Biography:Walters was born near Canute, Oklahoma. He graduated as valedictorian from Canute High School in 1969. He later graduated from University of Oklahoma in 1973 with a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering... |
Retired |
| Tom Ridge Tom Ridge Thomas Joseph "Tom" Ridge is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives , the 43rd Governor of Pennsylvania , Assistant to the President for Homeland Security , and the first United States Secretary of Homeland Security... |
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to... |
Bob Casey Robert P. Casey Robert Patrick "Bob" Casey, Sr. was an American politician from Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 42nd Governor of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1995... |
Term limited |
| Lincoln Almond Lincoln Almond Lincoln Carter Almond is an American attorney, politician and member of the Republican Party. Almond served as United States Attorney for the District of Rhode Island from 1969–1978 and 1981–1993 and latter the 72nd Governor of Rhode Island, serving from 1995 to 2003.- Early life, education and... |
Rhode Island Rhode Island The state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, more commonly referred to as Rhode Island , is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area... |
Bruce Sundlun Bruce Sundlun Bruce Sundlun was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as 71st Governor of Rhode Island from 1991 to 1995. He was Rhode Island's second Jewish governor, and the only Jewish governor in the United States during his two terms... |
Defeated (in primary) |
| Don Sundquist Don Sundquist Donald Kenneth Sundquist is a former governor and congressman from Tennessee. A Republican, he served as the 47th Governor of Tennessee from 1995 to 2003... |
Tennessee Tennessee Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area... |
Ned McWherter Ned McWherter Ned Ray McWherter was an American politician who served as the 46th Governor of Tennessee from 1987 to 1995. He was a Democrat.McWherter was born in Palmersville, Weakley County, Tennessee... |
Term limited |
| George W. Bush George W. Bush George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000.... |
Texas Texas Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in... |
Ann Richards Ann Richards Dorothy Ann Willis Richards was an American politician from Texas. She first came to national attention as the state treasurer of Texas, when she delivered the keynote address at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. Richards served as the 45th Governor of Texas from 1991 to 1995 and was... |
Defeated |
| Jim Geringer Jim Geringer James Edward "Jim" Geringer was the 30th Governor of Wyoming.-Early life and education:Geringer was raised on a farm in Wheatland, Wyoming. He attended Kansas State University and was a member of Triangle Fraternity, earning a degree in mechanical engineering. He served for ten years in the... |
Wyoming Wyoming Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High... |
Mike Sullivan | Term limited |
(*) Lowell Weicker was a member of A Connecticut Party
A Connecticut Party
A Connecticut Party was a political party formed by former Republican Senator and gubernatorial candidate Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. in 1990. Weicker subsequently won the election and served a single term as Governor of Connecticut...
.
Ramifications
When the 104th United States Congress104th United States Congress
The One Hundred Fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 1997, during the third and...
convened in January 1995, House Republicans voted former Minority Whip Newt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich
Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich is a U.S. Republican Party politician who served as the House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995 and as the 58th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999....
– the chief architect of their victory and author of the Contract with America
Contract with America
The Contract with America was a document released by the United States Republican Party during the 1994 Congressional election campaign. Written by Larry Hunter, who was aided by Newt Gingrich, Robert Walker, Richard Armey, Bill Paxon, Tom DeLay, John Boehner and Jim Nussle, and in part using text...
– Speaker of the House
Speaker (politics)
The term speaker is a title often given to the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the...
, while the new senatorial Republican majority chose Bob Dole
Bob Dole
Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole is an American attorney and politician. Dole represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996, was Gerald Ford's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1976 presidential election, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and in 1995 and 1996...
, previously Minority Leader, as Majority Leader. With their newfound power, Republicans pursued an ambitious agenda but were often forced to compromise with President Clinton, who wielded veto
Veto
A veto, Latin for "I forbid", is the power of an officer of the state to unilaterally stop an official action, especially enactment of a piece of legislation...
power.
The 1994 election also marked the end of the Conservative Coalition
Conservative coalition
In the United States, the conservative coalition was an unofficial Congressional coalition bringing together the conservative majority of the Republican Party and the conservative, mostly Southern, wing of the Democratic Party...
, a bipartisan coalition of conservative Republicans and Democrats (often referred to as "boll weevil Democrats
Boll weevil (politics)
Boll weevils was an American political term used in the mid- and late-20th century to describe conservative Southern Democrats.During and after the administration of Franklin D...
" for their association with the U.S. South), which had often managed to control Congressional outcomes since the New Deal
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call...
era.
Subsequent events
In the 1996, 1998, and 2000 elections, Republicans lost Congressional seats but still retained control of the House and, more narrowly, the Senate. After the 2000 election, the Senate was divided evenly between the parties, with Republicans retaining the right to organize the Senate due to the election of Dick Cheney as Vice President and ex officio presiding officer of the Senate. The Senate shifted to control by the Democrats (though they technically were the plurality party as they were one short of a majority) after GOP senator Jim JeffordsJim Jeffords
James Merrill "Jim" Jeffords is a former U.S. Senator from Vermont. He served as a Republican until 2001, when he left the party to become an independent. He retired from the Senate in 2006.-Background:...
changed party registration to "Independent" in June 2001, but later returned to Republican control after the November 2002 elections. In the 2006 elections, Democrats won both the House of Representatives (233 Democrats, 202 Republicans) and the Senate (49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and 2 Independents caucus
Caucus
A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement, especially in the United States and Canada. As the use of the term has been expanded the exact definition has come to vary among political cultures.-Origin of the term:...
ing with the Democrats) as well as the majority of state governorships (28-22).
However, in the 2010 elections
United States elections, 2010
The 2010 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. During this midterm election year, all 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 37 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate were contested in this election along with 38 state and territorial...
, in what was very similar to the 1994 elections, Republicans won back control of the House. The Senate narrowly remained with the Democrats. Republicans also won a Majority of State Governorships and State Legislatures.