List of executioners
Encyclopedia
This is a list of people who have acted as official executioner
s.
Alger
Hall in Tirol
Vienna
Canada
Czech Republic
|-
| Leopold Wohlschläger || (1888–1927) (Prague
)|}
|-
|}
Denmark
Paris
Amiens
Corse
Rennes
Saint-Omer
Vaucluse
Germany
India
Shiblal Mallick (West Bengal
)
Mammu Singh (Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
Arjun Bhika Jadhav (Maharashtra
)
Janardhan Pillai (Kerala
)
Norway
Papal States
Saudi Arabia
Abdallah Al-Bishi
Singapore
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
John C. Woods
1903–1950. Hangman for the Third Army in WWII. He was one of the hangmen who executed Nazi war criminals.
Joseph Malta
(1918–1999) was the hangman who, with John C. Woods, executed the top 10 leaders of the Third Reich in Nuremberg on October 16, 1946, for crimes against humanity.
Alabama
Arkansas
During the first part of the 20th century, operators of the electric chair
were known as "State electrician
s".
California
Daniel Vasquez – warden of San Quentin prison who served as executioner at the gas chamber
executions of Robert Alton Harris
in 1992 and the execution of David Mason the following year.
Colorado
Indiana
Massachusetts
Mississippi
New York
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
{|
|Frank Wilson electrical industry superintendent from Pittsburgh area who served as executioner between 1949 and 1953 at Rockview Prison.
{|
|Jerry Kramer (executioner) Pittsburgh area electrician contracted as executioner at Rockview from 1954 to 1962. Resigned from post following execution of Elmo Smith.
|}
Texas
Virginia
{|
| Jerry Givens || 1982–1999 – Givens, a corrections officer at Virginia State Penitentiary and later Greensville Correctional Center, served as official executioner for all executions carried out in the state during this time period.
|}
Newspaper Sources
Executioner
A judicial executioner is a person who carries out a death sentence ordered by the state or other legal authority, which was known in feudal terminology as high justice.-Scope and job:...
s.
AlgerAlgiers' is the capital and largest city of Algeria. According to the 1998 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570 and that of the urban agglomeration was 2,135,630. In 2009, the population was about 3,500,000...
| Joseph Baroux | 1842–1847 |
| Nicolas Wolf | 1847–1855 |
| Antoine Rasseneux | 1855–1871 |
Monsieur d'Alger
In 1870 the Republic of France abolished all local executioners and named the executioner of Alger, Antoine Rasseneux, Éxécuteur des Arrêts Criminels en Algérie, which became France's official description of the executioner's of Algeria occupation. From there on there would be one only executioner to carry out death sentences for entire Algeria. Since the colony's executioner had obligatorily to live in Alger, people soon started to refer to him as to the „Monsieur d'Alger“, „The Mister from Alger“. At the occasion of his nomination, Rasseneux could chose four among France's and Algeria's former local executioners to be his aides.| Antoine Rasseneux | 1871–1885 |
| Gustave Rasseneux | 1885–1906 |
| Pierre Lapeyre | 1906–1928 |
| Henri Roch | 1928–1944 |
| André-Léon Berger | 1944–1947 |
| Maurice-Alexandre Meyssonnier Maurice Meyssonnier Maurice Meyssonnier was a Chief executioner in French Algeria. Meyssonnier family is linked to executioners as far back as 16th Century.Meyssonnier performed, among many others, the last guillotining of a woman in Algeria, which was the second-to-last female guillotining in France and her... |
1947–1958(de facto)/1961(official) |
| Fernand-Jean Meyssonnier Fernand Meyssonnier Fernand Meyssonnier was an executioner in the last years of French Algeria. He acted as an executioner from 1947 to 1961 and executed more than 200.... |
1958–1961 |
Hall in TirolHall in TirolHall in Tirol is a town in the Innsbruck-Land district of Tyrol, Austria. Located at an altitude of 574 m, about 5 km east of the state's capital Innsbruck in the Inn valley, it has a population of about 12,700 .-History:...
| Lienhart von Grätz | 1497–1504 |
| Stefan Ruef | 1503–1525 |
| Hans Schaider | 1525–1528 |
| Heinrich Käser | 1525 |
| Johann Frey | 1528–1571 |
| Melchior Frey | 1572–1578 |
| Christof Tollinger | 1578–1584 |
| Michael Fürst | 1584–1606 |
| Sebastian Oberstetter | 1606–1608 |
| Jakob Kienle | 1608–1611 |
| Jakob Vollmar | 1611–1618 |
| Hans Has | 1618–1642 |
| Heinrich Hödel | 1642–1645 |
| Othmar Krieger | 1645–1671 |
| Jakob Zäch | 1671–1677 |
| Andreas Leiner | 1677–1693 |
| Kaspar Pöltl | 1693–1698 |
| Sebastian Waldl | 1699–1718 |
| Marx Philipp Abrell | 1718–1728 |
| Johann Jakob Abrell | 1728–1746 |
| Josef Langmayr | 1746 |
| Bartholomeus Putzer | 1747–1772 |
| Johann Georg Putzer | 1772–1786 |
Meran
| Hans Säbele | 1488–1509 |
| Martin Vogl | 1510 |
| Gilg von Rodem | 1510–1515 |
| Heinrich Reif | 1515 and 1521–1522 |
| Lorenz von Altsee | 1515–1521 |
| Heinrich Käser | 1522–1525 |
| Jakob Gatz | 1524 |
| Hans Schwingsmesser | 1525–1536 |
| Theodor Reichl | 1572–1575 |
| Johann Peter Vollmar | 1552–1561 |
| Klaus Seckler | 1562 |
| Melchior Frey | 1563–1572 |
| Mattheus Leonhard | 1575–1601 |
| Hans Fürst | 1592 |
| Georg Fürst | ?-1621 |
| Wolfgang Fürst | 1605–1623 |
| Wolfgang Helmschmied | 1536–1552 |
| Wolfgang Puechamer | 1601–1605 |
| Michael Pichler | 1623–1631 |
| Leonhard Oberdorfer | 1632–1672 |
| Johann Schlechuber | 1672 |
| Hans Schwarzhuber | 1673–1675 |
| Konrad Leonhard Krieger | 1675–1679 |
| Hans Jakob Müller | 1679–1684 |
| Franz Wagner | 1684–1690 |
| Jakob Fürst | 1690–1694 |
| Johann Georg Wacker | 1694–1723 |
| Johann Jakob Abrell | 1723–1728 |
| Johann Georg Kober | 1728–1748 |
| Martin Putzer | 1748–1772 |
| Bartholomeus Putzer | 1772–1777 |
| Franz Michael Putzer | 1777–1787 |
ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
| Paul ? | ~1463 |
| Jörg Carlhofer | ~1486 |
| Schrottenbacher family | 1550–1802 |
| Joachim Stein | ~1618 |
| ? Willenbacher | ~1868 (Vienna-Meidling) |
| Johann Hamberger | ~1700 |
| Johann Georg Hoffmann I. | 1802–1827 |
| Simon Abel | 1827–1839 |
| ? Seyfried | 1829– |
| Johann Georg Hoffmann II. | 1839–1865 |
| Johann Georg Hoffmann III. | 1865–1874 |
| ? Willenbacher | 1874–1892 |
| Karl Sellinger | 1862–1899 |
| de:Josef Lang (Henker) | 1900–1918 |
| de:Johann Lang (Henker) | 1933–1938 |
CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
| John Radclive | 1892–1911 |
| Arthur Ellis Arthur B. English Arthur Bartholomew English was a British man who became Canada's hangman in 1912, when he was officially offered the job. Prior to this he had been an assistant to John Radclive, a veteran of twenty years of hangings. English served in this capacity until 1935... |
1912–1935 |
| Camille Blanchard | 1935–1960 |
Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
| Jan Mydlář Jan Mydlár (executioner) Jan Mydlář was a 17th century Prague executioner. He is mostly known for his performance of the 1621 execution of 27 Bohemian rebel leaders.... |
(1572–1664) (Prague Prague Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million... ) |
| ? Sperling | ~1578 (Brno Brno Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District... ) |
| ? Kotzurek | ~1835 (Brno Brno Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District... ) |
| Alois Seyfried | (1848–1849, died 1869) (Brno Brno Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District... , also last executioner for Bosnien and Herzegowina) |
| Johann Baptist Pipperger |
|-
| Leopold Wohlschläger || (1888–1927) (Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
)|}
|-
|}
DenmarkDenmarkDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
| da:Theodor Seistrup | 1881–1906 |
| Carl Peter Hermann Christensen Carl Peter Hermann Christensen Carl Peter Herman Christensen was the last executioner in office for the government of Denmark. He was hired by justice minister, Peter Adler Alberti and held the office from August 27, 1906 until April 1, 1926.He never conducted any executions... |
1906–1926 |
ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
| Nicolas Levasseur | ????-1685 |
| Charles-Louis Sanson | 1685 (de facto)/1688 (official)-1699 (de facto)/1703 (official) |
| Charles Sanson | 1699 (de facto)/1707 (official)-1726 |
| François Prudhomme | 1726–1739 |
| Charles-Jean-Baptiste Sanson | 1739–1754 (de facto)/1778 (official) |
| Charles Henri Sanson Charles Henri Sanson Charles Henri Sanson, full title Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval was the Royal Executioner of France in the court of King Louis XVI and High Executioner of the First French Republic... |
1754 (de facto)/1778 (official)-1793 (de facto)/1804 (official) |
| Henri Sanson | 1793 (de facto)/1804 (official)-1840 |
| Henry-Clément Sanson Henry-Clément Sanson Henry-Clément Sanson was a French executioner. He held the position of Royal Executioner of the City of Paris, serving King Louis-Philippe I from 1840 to 1847.Sanson was born into a long line of executioners... |
1840–1847 (he was an inveterate abolitionist) |
| Charles-André Férey | 1847–1849 |
| Jean-François Heidenreich Jean-François Heidenreich Jean-François Heidenreich was a French executioner and the first person to hold the position of Chief Executioner of France.His father, François-Joseph, had himself been an executioner in Chalon-sur-Saône until 1806.... |
1849–1871 |
Monsieur de Paris
In 1870 the Republic of France abolished all local executioners and named the executioner of Paris, Jean-François Heidenreich, Éxécuteur des Arrêts Criminels, which became France's official description of the executioner's occupation. From there on there would be only one executioner to carry out death sentences for entire France. As the Republic's executioner was required to live in Paris, people soon started to refer to him as to the "Monsieur de Paris", "The Mister from Paris". At the occasion of his nomination, Heidenreich could chose four among France's former local executioners to be his aides.| Jean-François Heidenreich Jean-François Heidenreich Jean-François Heidenreich was a French executioner and the first person to hold the position of Chief Executioner of France.His father, François-Joseph, had himself been an executioner in Chalon-sur-Saône until 1806.... |
1871–1872 |
| Nicolas Roch | 1872–1879 |
| Louis-Antoine-Stanislas Deibler | 1879–1898 |
| Anatole-François-Joseph Deibler | 1899–1939 |
| Jules-Henri Desfourneaux Jules-Henri Desfourneaux Jules-Henri Desfourneaux was the last French executioner to officiate in public. He came from a long line of executioners named Desfourneaux stretching back many hundreds of years... |
1939–1951 |
| André-Albert Obrecht André Obrecht André Obrecht was the official executioner of France from 1951 until 1976.Born in Paris on August 9, 1899, Obrecht was the nephew of the chief executioner Anatole Deibler. He learned of his uncle's job at ten, when a series of postcards depicting an execution were published in September 1909... |
1951–1976 |
| Marcel-Charles Chevalier Marcel Chevalier Marcel Chevalier worked as the last chief executioner in France. He succeeded André Obrecht in 1976 and held his position until 1981, when capital punishment was abolished under president François Mitterrand and justice minister Robert Badinter... |
1976–1981 |
AmiensAmiensAmiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy...
| Henry Ganié | −1853 |
| Nicolas Roch | 1853–1871 (after 1853, see → Paris Paris Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region... ) |
CorseCorseCorse may refer to:*Corse, the French name for Corsica, the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea*Corse , a European surname of multiple origins *Corse, a Shakespearean word for Corpse...
| Alphonse-Léon Berger | 1863–1872 (after 1872 aide in Paris Paris Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region... |
Jura
| François Desmorets | −1843 |
| Nicolas Roch | 1843–1853 (after 1853, see → Amiens Amiens Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy... ) |
RennesRennesRennes is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department.-History:...
| Joseph-Antoine Deibler | 1853–1863 |
| Louis-Antoine-Stanislas Deibler | 1863–1871 (after 1871, see → Paris) |
Saint-OmerSaint-OmerSaint-Omer , a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area....
| Jean Rombaud | 30ies of 16th century (in 1536 called to England to execute Ann Boleyn) |
Var
| François-Joseph Heidenreich | 1814–1827 |
| Jean-François Heidenreich Jean-François Heidenreich Jean-François Heidenreich was a French executioner and the first person to hold the position of Chief Executioner of France.His father, François-Joseph, had himself been an executioner in Chalon-sur-Saône until 1806.... |
1827–1848 (after 1848, see → Paris) |
VaucluseVaucluseThe Vaucluse is a department in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring, the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse.- History :Vaucluse was created on 12 August 1793 out of parts of the departments of Bouches-du-Rhône, Drôme, and Basses-Alpes...
| Nicolas Roch | 1838–1843 (after 1843, see → Jura) |
Other
| Henriet Cousin | 2nd. half of 17th century (Paris Paris Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region... ) |
| François Prudhomme | 1729-17.. (Monsieur de Paris an assistant) |
| Louis Congo Louis Congo Louis Congo was an African slave who was freed in 1725 from the Company of the Indies by Louisiana officials and who was appointed public executioner. He served in this office for at least twelve years, and was granted the authority to execute punishments to not only fellow Africans, but also white... |
Circa 1725, emancipated slave appointed public executioner of Louisiana (New France) Louisiana (New France) Louisiana or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France. Under French control from 1682–1763 and 1800–03, the area was named in honor of Louis XIV, by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle... |
Monsieur de Cayenne
Cayenne Central Prison never used its own guillotine.. All death sentences of convicts and locally condemned prisoners were conducted at Saint-Laurent.Monsieur de Saint-Laurent
All executioners of Saint-Laurent were Bagne inmates themselves.| −1898 | |
| Isidore Hespel | 1898–1921 (nicked "Le Chacal" by the other inmates) |
| Bonnefoy | 1921–1923 (nicked "Charlot" by the other inmates) |
| Louis Ladurelle | 1923–1937 |
| 1937–1943 (nicked "Mouche à Bœuf" by the other inmates) | |
GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
| Mannäi | ~20 a.C. (Machaerus Machaerus Machaerus is a fortified hilltop palace located in Jordan fifteen miles southeast of the mouth of the Jordan river on the eastern side of the Dead Sea... ) |
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| Schelm von Bergen | mid 12th century (Frankfurt am Main) | |
| ? Hans | ~1370 (Frankfurt am Main) | |
| ? Vicko | 1372–1384 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Peter Funcke | 1384–1402? (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Rosenfeld | ~1402 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Friedrich | ~1446 (Frankfurt am Main) | |
| Hans Maurer | ~1446 (Heilbronn Heilbronn Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 123.000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state.... ) |
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| Hans Wintter | 1460–1470 (Nürnberg) | |
| Dietrich Brenner | ~1469 (Nördlingen Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War... ) |
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| Johann Hagedorn | 1471- (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Hans ? | ~1479 (Nürnberg) | |
| Michael Dannenberg | −1485 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Klaus Flügge | 1485–1488 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Peter | ~1486 (Eger Eger Eger is the second largest city in Northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, historic buildings , and red and white wines.- Name :... ) |
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| ? Vit | ~1500 (Hannover) | |
| Ulrich Tucher | ~1515 (Nördlingen Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War... ) |
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| Hinrich Penningk | 1521–1528 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Gilg | 1525 (Nürnberg) | |
| Claus Rose | 1528–1547? (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Benedictus Barsch | 1535–1560 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Schmidt | ~1537 (Bamberg Bamberg Bamberg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main. Bamberg is one of the few cities in Germany that was not destroyed by World War II bombings because of a nearby Artillery Factory that prevented planes from... ) |
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| Hans ? | 1537 (Wittstock Wittstock Wittstock is a town in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district, in north-western Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Dosse, 20 km east of Pritzwalk, and 95 km northwest of Berlin. It was the location of the 1636 Battle of Wittstock between Sweden and an alliance of the Holy Roman... ) |
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| Veit Stolz | 1538–1613 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| ? Adelarius | −1539 (Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... ) |
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| ? Kester | −1544 (Thann Thann Thann is the name of:* Arrondissement of Thann** Thann, Haut-Rhin** Bitschwiller-lès-Thann* Thann , a Katastralgemeinde in Niederösterreich, Austria* Thann , a Katastralgemeinde in Niederösterreich, Austria... in Bavaria Bavaria Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany... ) |
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| Heinrich Wendeborn | 1547–1576 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Hans Leycham | 1553–1561? (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Conrat Raab | 1557–1565 (Nördlingen Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War... ) |
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| Hermann Rüter, or Hartmann Rüter | 1560–1571 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Hans Deibler | 1561–1571 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Conrad Fischer | 1565–1568 (Nördlingen Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War... ) |
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| Franz Joseph Wohlmuth | ~1566 (Cologne Cologne Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the... ) |
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| Joas Lemler | ~1567 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Ulrich Fischer | 1568- (Nördlingen Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War... ) |
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| Jakob Deibler (also Teübler) | 1571- (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Hans Deibler | 1572–1594 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Jörg Abriel (also Georg Abrellen) | 1572–1594? (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| Franz Schmidt Franz Schmidt (executioner) Franz Schmidt , also known as Meister Franz, was executioner in the region of Bamberg from 1573 to April 1578, and from 1 May 1578 till the end of 1617 executioner of Nuremberg.In 1617, he resigned from his post... (also known as Meister Franz) |
1572–1617 (Nuremberg Nuremberg Nuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664... ; was the first executioner to ever write a book about his "work"; deceased 1634) |
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| Friedrich ? (also known as Meister Friedrich) | 1575–1611 (Ansbach Ansbach Ansbach, originally Onolzbach, is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Ansbach is situated southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the Fränkische Rezat, a tributary of the Main river. As of 2004, its population was 40,723.Ansbach... ) |
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| Caspar Spiegel | 1576–1586 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Jürgen Böhme | 1576–1612? (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Philipp | ~1581 (Eger Eger Eger is the second largest city in Northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, historic buildings , and red and white wines.- Name :... ) |
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| Jakob Stangel | 1583- (Schwabmünchen Schwabmünchen Schwabmünchen is a regional centre in Bavaria in the administrative region of Swabia south of Augsburg in the Augsburg district.-Location:Schwabmünchen lies about 20 km south of Augsburg between Lech and Wertach on the western edge of the Lechfeld, a gravel plain. Through the city flows the... ) |
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| Dietrich Jeck | ~1586 (Bötzow, Oranienburg Oranienburg Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.- Geography :Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin.- Division of the town :... ) |
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| Martin Heintze | 1586-? (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Jonas Fischer | −1590 (Frankfurt am Main) | |
| Michael Deibler | 1594–1621 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Andreas Tinel | ~1600 (Ohlau) | |
| Heyland family | 1600- (Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... ) |
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| ? Heintze (known as Sohn des Torgauers) | 16..? (Bitterfeld Bitterfeld Bitterfeld is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2007 it has been part of the town Bitterfeld-Wolfen. It is situated approx. 25 km south of Dessau, and 30 km northeast of Halle... ) |
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| Martin Heintze | ~1606 (Wrietzen) | |
| Bartholme Deibler (also Teubler) | 1607- (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| ? Ingermann | ~1609 (Helmstedt Helmstedt Helmstedt is a city located at the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the capital of the District of Helmstedt. Helmstedt has 26,000 inhabitants . In former times the city was also called Helmstädt.... ) |
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| Max Graf | 1612–1621 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Bernhard Schlegel | 1617- (Nürnberg) | |
| Kaspar Neithart | ~1618 (Passau Passau Passau is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt or "City of Three Rivers," because the Danube is joined at Passau by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north.... )) |
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| Christoph Hain | ~1621 (Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... ) |
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| Dietrich Metz | 1621–1624? (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Valtin Matz | 1622–1639 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Georg Leichumb | 1624–1629 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Marx Deibler (also Max Deubler) | ~1625 (Donauwörth Donauwörth Donauwörth is a city in the German State of Bavaria , in the region of Swabia . It is said to have been founded by two fisherman where the Danube and Wörnitz rivers meet... ) |
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| Hans Kuisl | −1627 (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| Hans Enderes Abrel | ~1628 (Markt Oberdorf) | |
| Albert Möller | −1630 (Husum) | |
| Philipp Möller | −1630 (Husum) | |
| ? von Dreißigacker | 1630–1647 (Dresden Dresden Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area.... ) |
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| Hans Lissen | 1631–1636 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Gottfried Zürek | 1636–1639 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Barthel Deibler (also Deübler) | ~1637 (Biberach Biberach Biberach is the name of several locations in Germany.* Biberach an der Riss, a town in Upper Swabia* Biberach , which has Biberach an der Riss as its capital* Biberach, Baden, a municipality in the Ortenaukreis... ) |
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| Michael Schiler | −1639 (Holzen Holzen Holzen is a municipality in the district of Holzminden, in Lower Saxony, Germany.... ) |
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| Johann Vollmar | ~1639 (Dillingen | |
| ? Gebhart (or Gevert?) | 1639-? (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Gebhart | 1639–1653 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Jakob Bickle | ~1640 (Donauwörth Donauwörth Donauwörth is a city in the German State of Bavaria , in the region of Swabia . It is said to have been founded by two fisherman where the Danube and Wörnitz rivers meet... ) |
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| two brothers Metz) | ~1640 (Weißenhorn Weißenhorn Weißenhorn is a town in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria. Weissenhorn lies about 22 km southeast of Ulm at the river "Roth".-History:... ) |
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| Caspar Vollmer | −1640 (Öttingen) | |
| ? Kühn | −1641 (Görlitz Görlitz Görlitz is a town in Germany. It is the easternmost town in the country, located on the Lusatian Neisse River in the Bundesland of Saxony. It is opposite the Polish town of Zgorzelec, which was a part of Görlitz until 1945. Historically, Görlitz was in the region of Upper Lusatia... ) |
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| Valentin Deusser | −1641 (Nürnberg, just a few months) | |
| Georg Abrellen | −1643 (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| Philipp Deibler (also Deubler) | 1643- (Öttingen) | |
| Georg Vollmar | ~1644 (Burglengenfeld Burglengenfeld Burglengenfeld is a town in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Naab, 22 km north of Regensburg.... ) |
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| Andreas Boden | ~1644 (Frankenstein Frankenstein Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel about a failed experiment that produced a monster, written by Mary Shelley, with inserts of poems by Percy Bysshe Shelley. Shelley started writing the story when she was eighteen, and the novel was published when she was twenty-one. The first... ) |
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| ? Span | ~1644 (Dinkelsbühl Dinkelsbühl Dinkelsbühl is a historic city in Bavaria, Germany and a former Free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. Now it belongs to the district of Ansbach, north of Aalen.-History:... ) |
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| Matthäus Perger | 1645- (Nürnberg) | |
| Hans Rudolff | 1647–1655 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Heintze (known as Sohn des Torgauers) | mid-17th century (Lentzen) | |
| Suhr family | ~1650–1750 (Celle Celle Celle is a town and capital of the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the River Aller, a tributary of the Weser and has a population of about 71,000... ) |
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| Johann Fuchs | ~1650 (Öttingen, deceased 1672) | |
| Claus Frölich | ~1652 (Braunschweig Braunschweig Braunschweig , is a city of 247,400 people, located in the federal-state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser.... ) |
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| Matheus Fux (also Matheiß Fux) | 1656–1696 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Bartholomaeus Abrel | −1652 (Günzburg Günzburg Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg—which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis —with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.Günzburg lies... ) |
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| Johann Vollmar | ~1652 (Lauingen Lauingen Lauingen is a town in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the left bank of the Danube, 5 km west of Dillingen, and 37 km northeast of Ulm.St. Albert the Great was born in Lauingen, c. 1200.... ) |
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| Ismael Asthusen I. | 1653–1664 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Gottfried ? | 1655 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Caspar Götze | 1655–1669 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Andreas Kuisl | 1655–1678 (Markt Oberdorf) | |
| Berthin Aberel | −1659 (Günzburg Günzburg Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg—which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis —with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.Günzburg lies... ) |
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| Hans Abril | ~1659 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Bickel family | 1660–1691 (Markus Bickel, then Jakob Bickel, then Andreas Bickel, then Johannes Bickel; Stuttgart Stuttgart Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... ) |
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| Berthold Deutschmann | 1664–1674 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Georg Kuisl | ~1665 (Kempten Kempten Kempten can refer to:* Kempten im Allgäu, a town in Bavaria, Germany* Kempten ZH, a district of the town of Wetzikon in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland* Kempton Park, Gauteng, a city in South Africa which was named after Kempten in Bavaria... ) |
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| Hans Conrad Näher | −1666 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Hans Conrad Näher | 1666- (Ulm Ulm Ulm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at 120,000 , forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Ulm, founded around 850, is rich in history and... ) |
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| Georg Vollmer | 1668- (Öttingen) | |
| Hans Müller | 1669–1680 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Jakob Stoeff | 1674–1685 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Hans Jerg Defner | ~1677 (Nördlingen Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War... ) |
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| Carl Fuchs | ~1677 (Wassertüdingen) | |
| Max Philipp Hartmann | 1677–1679 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Andreas Kuisl | 1678- (Sonthofen Sonthofen Sonthofen is the most southerly town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is not classified as a town. Sonthofen is located at... ) |
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| Dietrich Deigentesch | ~1680 (Ulm Ulm Ulm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at 120,000 , forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Ulm, founded around 850, is rich in history and... ) |
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| Heinrich Müller | 1681–1690 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Hans Jakob Kuisl | 1683–1696 (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| Christoph Seitz | ~1685 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Ismael Asthusen II. | 1685–1703 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Melchior Vogel | −1695 (Dresden Dresden Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area.... ) |
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| Johann Adam Hartmann | 1686–1706 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Georg Schöppelen | 1690- (Öttingen) | |
| Martin Koblentz | 1690–1702 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Hansen (known as “Dr. Hansen”) | −1694 (Siegburg Siegburg --122.148.78.228 05:06, 14 November 2011 Siegburg is a city in the district of Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany... ) |
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| ? Heintze | before 1695 (Torgau Torgau Torgau is a town on the banks of the Elbe in northwestern Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district Nordsachsen.Outside Germany, the town is most well known as the place where during the Second World War, United States Army forces coming from the west met with forces of the Soviet Union... ; father of Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... hangman Christoph Heintze) |
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| Christoph Heintze | −1695 (Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... ) |
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| Polster family | 1695- (Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... ) |
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| Conrad Fux | ~1696 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Andreas Klingensteiner | ~1701 (Kempten Kempten Kempten can refer to:* Kempten im Allgäu, a town in Bavaria, Germany* Kempten ZH, a district of the town of Wetzikon in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland* Kempton Park, Gauteng, a city in South Africa which was named after Kempten in Bavaria... ) |
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| Hans Michael Eichfeld | 1702–1705 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Ismael Asthusen III. | 1703–1722 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Johann Michael Kopp | 1703–1753 (Sonthofen Sonthofen Sonthofen is the most southerly town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is not classified as a town. Sonthofen is located at... ) |
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| Johann Jakob Scheller | ~1705 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Conrad Fuchs | ~1705 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Augustin Konrad Walter | 1705–1710 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Barthlome Abrell | −1707 (Günzburg Günzburg Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg—which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis —with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.Günzburg lies... ) |
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| Johann Michael Klingensteiner | 1707–17.. (Günzburg Günzburg Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg—which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis —with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.Günzburg lies... ) |
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| ? Deigentesch | −1708 (Kempten Kempten Kempten can refer to:* Kempten im Allgäu, a town in Bavaria, Germany* Kempten ZH, a district of the town of Wetzikon in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland* Kempton Park, Gauteng, a city in South Africa which was named after Kempten in Bavaria... ) |
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| Hans Michael Eichfeld | 1710–1714 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Fischer Fischer - Origin and meaning :The German language name is derived from the profession of the fisherman. The name Fischer is the fourth most common German surname.- Variants:* Fisher * Fischler* Vischer* Fischers* Fischl* Fischel* Fischle)... |
~1711 (Babenhausen Babenhausen Babenhausen is a town in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district, in Hesse, Germany.-Geography:It is situated on the river Gersprenz, 25 km southeast of Frankfurt, and 14 km west of Aschaffenburg. South of its general borders, the mountain range of the Odenwald is situated about 15 km away... ) |
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| Hans Kuisl | 1711–1734 (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| ? Kuisle | −1714 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Wilhelm Kober | −1714 (Markt Oberdorf) | |
| Christopf Stoff | 1714 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Neumann | 1714–1719 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Franz Trenckhler | 1714–1723 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Nikolaus Kober | 1714–1763 (Markt Oberdorf) | |
| Johannes Seitz | ~1715 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Johann Adam Scheller | 1718- (Pfaffenhausen Pfaffenhausen Pfaffenhausen is a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany.... ) |
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| Johann Michael Kober | ~1720 (Donauwörth Donauwörth Donauwörth is a city in the German State of Bavaria , in the region of Swabia . It is said to have been founded by two fisherman where the Danube and Wörnitz rivers meet... ) |
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| Jakob Bayr | ~1720 (Füssen Füssen Füssen is a town in Bavaria, Germany, in the district of Ostallgäu situated from the Austrian border. It is located on the banks of the Lech river. The River Lech flows into the Forggensee... ) |
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| Mattheß Fux | ~1720 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Johann Fuchs | −1720 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Johann Conrad Nejer | ~1720 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Johann Fuchs | ~1720 (Regensburg Regensburg Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate... ) |
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| Leonhard Tallhover | ~1720 (Schwabmünchen Schwabmünchen Schwabmünchen is a regional centre in Bavaria in the administrative region of Swabia south of Augsburg in the Augsburg district.-Location:Schwabmünchen lies about 20 km south of Augsburg between Lech and Wertach on the western edge of the Lechfeld, a gravel plain. Through the city flows the... ) |
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| Adolph Grossholz | ~1720 (Stuttgart Stuttgart Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million .... ) |
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| Georg Wilhelm | 1720–1728 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Pickel (also Bickel) | ~1722 (Kiel Kiel Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the... ) |
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| Johann Trenkler | ~1722 (Schönegg Schönegg Schönegg is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in Upper Austria, Austria.-References:... ) |
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| Franz Wilhelm Hennings I. | 1722-? (1735?) (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Polster | ~1723 (Borna Borna Borna is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, capital of the Leipzig district. It is situated approx. 30 km southeast of Leipzig. It has approx. 21,000 inhabitants.-History:Borna as a town is more than 750 years old.... ) |
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| Johann Georg Tränckler | 1723–1730 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Christoph Pfeffer | ~1724 (Braunschweig Braunschweig Braunschweig , is a city of 247,400 people, located in the federal-state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser.... ) |
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| Johann Christoph Jeck | 1729–1730 (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Martin Hennings | 1729–1731 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Johann Adam Scheller | ~1730 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| ? Michaelis | 1730–1740 (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Martin Weydemann | ~1731 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Johann Seitz | ~1732 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Johann Michael Weydenkeller | 1732–1757 (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Georg Vollmair | ~1734 (Burgau Burgau Burgau is a town in the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. Burgau lies on the river Mindel, and has a population of just under 10,000.- History :The territory around Burgau was originally part of the stem duchy of Swabia... ) |
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| Jakob Kuisl | 1735- (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| Johann Christian Göppel | 1738- (Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... ) |
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| Johann Michael Widmann | 1738–1757 (Nürnberg) | |
| ? Schmidt | ~1740 (Schrobenhausen Schrobenhausen Schrobenhausen is a town in the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Paar, approx. 25 km southwest of Ingolstadt, and 35 km northeast of Augsburg.... ) |
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| Martin Gottlieb Koch | 1740–1747 (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| ? Widemann | 1743–1767 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Gottfried Weydemann | 1745–1748 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Fritz | ~1747 | |
| Andreas Kleine | 1747-? (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Jakob Kratzel | 1748–1752 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Steinmeyer family | ~1750 (Haigerloch Haigerloch -Geography:-Geographical situation:Haigerloch lies at between 430 and 550 metres elevation in the valley of the Eyach, which forms two loops in a steep shelly limestone valley... ) |
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| Johann Georg Widmann | 1751–1781 (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| ? Meyer | 1752–1769 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Johannes Georg Kopp | 1753–1801? (Sonthofen Sonthofen Sonthofen is the most southerly town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is not classified as a town. Sonthofen is located at... ) |
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| Johann Christoph Neumann | 1756- (Königsberg Königsberg Königsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it... , today Kaliningrad Kaliningrad Kaliningrad is a seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea... ) |
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| ? Huß | ~1760 (Brüx Brux Brux is a commune in the Vienne department in the Poitou-Charentes region in western France.-External links:*... ) |
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| Martin ? | ~1760 (Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... ) |
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| Wilm Kober | 1763–1786 (Markt Oberdorf) | |
| Jakob Steinmeyer | 1764- (Haigerloch Haigerloch -Geography:-Geographical situation:Haigerloch lies at between 430 and 550 metres elevation in the valley of the Eyach, which forms two loops in a steep shelly limestone valley... ) |
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| Johann Klingensteiner | −1765 (Günzburg Günzburg Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg—which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis —with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.Günzburg lies... ) |
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| Ismael Asthusen IV. | 17??-1767 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Franz Wilhelm Hennigs II. | 1767–1773 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Johann Georg Tränckhler | ~1768 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Johann Daniel Brandt | 1769–1808 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Heinrich Widmann | ~1772 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Jakob Bickel | ~1773 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Franz Wilhelm Hennings III. | 1773 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Franz Wilhelm Hennings IV. | 1773–1790 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Johann Georg Fux | 1773- (Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren Kaufbeuren is an independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. The city is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallgäu.- Culture and Objects of Interest :* Townhall * Crescentiakloster... ) |
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| Josef Anton Klingensteiner | ~1775 (Günzburg Günzburg Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg—which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis —with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.Günzburg lies... ) |
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| Johann Michael Widemann | ~1777 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Heinrich Widmann | ~1778 (Memmingen Memmingen Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border... ) |
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| Xaver Steinmeyer | ~1779 (Haigerloch Haigerloch -Geography:-Geographical situation:Haigerloch lies at between 430 and 550 metres elevation in the valley of the Eyach, which forms two loops in a steep shelly limestone valley... ) |
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| August Heinrich Kaufmann | 1780–1802 (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| ? Huß | −1781 (Eger Eger Eger is the second largest city in Northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, historic buildings , and red and white wines.- Name :... ) |
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| Karl Huß | 1781–1827 (Eger Eger Eger is the second largest city in Northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, historic buildings , and red and white wines.- Name :... ) |
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| Johann Georg Igel | −1783 (Waal) | |
| Franz Xaver Igel | 1783- (Waal) | |
| Josef Benedikt Kuisl | 1783–1807 (Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ) |
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| Baptist Trinkler | ~1786 (Markt Oberdorf) | |
| Jakob Igel | ~1787 (Weißenhorn Weißenhorn Weißenhorn is a town in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria. Weissenhorn lies about 22 km southeast of Ulm at the river "Roth".-History:... ) |
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| Johann Pflügler | −1789, suicided 1790 (Augsburg Augsburg Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a... ) |
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| Franz Wilhelm Hennings V. | 1790–1822 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Josef Igel | ~1798 (Weißenhorn Weißenhorn Weißenhorn is a town in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria. Weissenhorn lies about 22 km southeast of Ulm at the river "Roth".-History:... ) |
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| ? Stein | ~1800 (Landeck Landeck Landeck is a city in Tyrol, Austria with approximately 7,633 inhabitants. It is located at an elevation of about 820 m in the west of Tyrol, on the rivers Sanna and Inn... /Silesia Silesia Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław... ) |
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| ? Rörle | −1800 (Schwabmünchen Schwabmünchen Schwabmünchen is a regional centre in Bavaria in the administrative region of Swabia south of Augsburg in the Augsburg district.-Location:Schwabmünchen lies about 20 km south of Augsburg between Lech and Wertach on the western edge of the Lechfeld, a gravel plain. Through the city flows the... ) |
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| Remigus Metz | 1801– (Sonthofen Sonthofen Sonthofen is the most southerly town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is not classified as a town. Sonthofen is located at... ) |
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| Johann Hörmann | 1802–1833 (Donauwörth Donauwörth Donauwörth is a city in the German State of Bavaria , in the region of Swabia . It is said to have been founded by two fisherman where the Danube and Wörnitz rivers meet... ) |
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| Carl Friedrich Kaufmann | 1802–1836? (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Johann Michael Kuisl | 18??- (last hangman of Schongau Schongau, Bavaria Schongau is a small town in Bavaria, near the Alps. It is located along the Lech, between Landsberg am Lech and Füssen. It has about 12,000 inhabitants... ?) |
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| Christian Friedrich Krafft | 1808–1819 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| ? Nord | ~1812 (Heideberg) | |
| Martin Hörmann | 1813–1841 (Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... ) |
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| ? Voss | ~1817 (Dühnen) | |
| ? Funcke | ~1818 (Braunschweig Braunschweig Braunschweig , is a city of 247,400 people, located in the federal-state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser.... ) |
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| Johann Hartmann | 1818–1831 (Hannover) | |
| August Hellriegel | 1818–1834 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Franz Wilhelm Hennings VI. | 1822–1830 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| Lorenz Scheller | 1829–1854 (Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... ) |
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| Raphael Georg Voigt | 1830–1852 (Hamburg Hamburg -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808... ) |
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| ? Hormuth | 1834 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| A. W. Krafft | 1834–1860 (Berlin Berlin Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union... ) |
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| Wilhelm Weber | 1836–1850 (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Christian Schwarz | 1827–1860 (Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is... , 1843–1859 also Hannover) |
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| Anton Leisner | −1852 (Bavaria Bavaria Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany... ) |
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| Heinrich Graul | ~1852 (Bavarian Palatinate) | |
| Georg Eduard Voigt | 1852– (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
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| Carl Altmann | 1853–1874? (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Michael Müller | 1854–1886 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... ) |
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| Lorenz Scheller | 1854–1880 (Bavaria Bavaria Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany... ) |
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| Franz Reichhart | after 1854 (Bavaria Bavaria Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany... ) |
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| ? Bormann | 1859–1870 (Hannover) | |
| Emanuel Hamel | ~1860 (Sangershausen) | |
| Julius Krautz | 1878–1889 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) (until 1878 executioner of Hannover) |
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| Friedrich Schmidt | 1874–1877 (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Ferdinand August Zimmermann | 1877–? (Bernau Bernau Bernau may refer to:*Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany*Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany*Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany... ) |
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| Franz Müller Franz Muller Franz Muller , a German tailor, murdered Thomas Briggs in the first murder committed on a British train. The case caught the imagination of the public due to increasing safety fears about rail travel at the time, and the pursuit of Muller across the Atlantic Ocean by Scotland Yard... |
1886–1888 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... ) |
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| Jakob Müller | 1888–1908 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... ) |
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| ? Schwarz | −1888 (Württemberg Württemberg Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia.... ) |
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| ? Siller | 1888–1926 (Württemberg Württemberg Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia.... ) |
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| Friedrich Reindel | 1889–1898 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
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| Wilhelm Reindel | 1899–1901 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| Franz Xaver Reichhart | 1894–1924 (Bavaria Bavaria Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany... ) |
|
| Benjamin Burckhardt | 1884–1896 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... ) |
|
| Karl Burckhardt | 1896–1935 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... , Württemberg Württemberg Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia.... and Hesse Hesse Hesse or Hessia is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.* The cultural region of Hesse includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse in the neighbouring Rhineland-Palatinate state... ) |
|
| Lorenz Schwietz Lorenz Schwietz Lorenz Schwietz was Royal Prussian executioner from 21 June 1900 to 29 January 1914. Responsible for carrying out capital punishment in the Prussian provinces, he executed a total of 120 to 123 people, primarily by beheading with an axe, but also with guillotines.-Early life:Lorenz Schwietz was... |
1900–1914 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| Richard Schwietz | 1913–1915 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| Alwin Engelhardt | 1900–1906 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| Carl Gröpler | 1906–1937 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| de:Moritz Brand | “working” in 1908 (Saxonia Saxony The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states.... ) |
|
| Karl Müller | 1908– after 1922 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... , since 1921 also Hesse Hesse Hesse or Hessia is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.* The cultural region of Hesse includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse in the neighbouring Rhineland-Palatinate state... ) |
|
| Paul Spaethe | 1912–1924 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... , in 1923 also Saxony Saxony The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states.... ) |
|
| Hans Kordess | −1918 (According to the New York Times, 25 April 1918 | |
| Konrad Widder | 1922–1923 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... ) |
|
| Joseph Kurz (also Kurzer) | 1924–1927 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| Johann Baptist Reichhart Johann Reichhart Johann Reichhart was a German executioner. He kept detailed records of his work which amounted to 3,165 executions.... |
1924-1948/50 | |
| Fritz Reichelt | 1927–1933 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) |
|
| Alwin Engelhardt | 1933–1936 (Prussia Prussia Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history... ) (the same Alwin Engelhardt who was in office from 1900 to 1906) |
|
| Friedrich Hehr | 1935–1949 (Baden Baden Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany.... , Württemberg Württemberg Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia.... and Hesse Hesse Hesse or Hessia is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.* The cultural region of Hesse includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse in the neighbouring Rhineland-Palatinate state... , since 1937 in the whole Third Reich) |
|
| Ernst Reindel | 1936–1943 (sources vary about his start) | |
| Gottlob Bordt | 1940–1945 | |
| Karl Henschke | 1943–1945 | |
| August Köster | 1943–1945 | |
| Alois Weiss Alois Weiss Alois Weiss was executioner at the Gestapo Pankrác prison in Prague during the Second World War.... |
1943–1945 | |
| Wilhelm Röttger | 1942–1945 | |
| Johann Mühl | 1943–1945 | |
| Fritz Witzka | 1943–1945 | |
| Alfred Roselieb | 1941–1945 | |
| Clemens Dobbek | after 1945, “working” in 1947 | |
| Horst Schwenke | after 1945, “working” in 1949 | |
| Heinz M. | 1946– | |
| Gustav Völpel | 1946–1948 (it is not sure if his allegations of having been an executioner are true) | |
| Hermann Lorenz | 1968–1981 (former East Germany) |
IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
| Nata Mullick (West Bengal West Bengal West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP... ) |
Shiblal Mallick (West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...
)
Mammu Singh (Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
Arjun Bhika Jadhav (Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
)
Janardhan Pillai (Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
)
Monsieur de la Bagne
All executioners of New Caledonia's Bagne were inmates themselves.| Jugaret | 1937–1943 (nicked "La Gueule" by the other inmates) |
NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
| no:Augustus Høcker | 1689–1721 |
| no:Johan Heinrich Helmschläger | 1684–1760 |
| no:August Lædel | 1733–1749 |
| no:Anton Lædel | 1799–1833 |
| no:Torbjørn Pedersen | 1828–1834 |
| no:Samson Isberg | 1841–1864 |
| no:Theodor Larsen | 1864– |
Papal StatesPapal StatesThe Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
| Giovanni Bugatti | 1796–1865 |
| Antonio Balducci | 1865–1870 |
Saudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
| Ahmed Rezkallah (Picture http://tee2i.org/sites/tee2i.org/files/SaudiArabiasISF_468x570.jpg) |
| Muhammad Saad al-Beshi Muhammad Saad al-Beshi Muhammad Saad al-Beshi has been an executioner for the government of Saudi Arabia since 1998. He is of Black African origin. He has been described as "Saudi Arabia's leading executioner".... (Report http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2966790.stm, Interview http://www.memritv.org/Search.asp?ACT=S9&P1=1322) |
Abdallah Al-Bishi
SingaporeSingaporeSingapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
| Darshan Singh | 1959–present (but did not carry out the execution of Van Tuong Nguyen Van Tuong Nguyen Van Tuong Nguyen baptised Caleb, was an Australian from Melbourne, Victoria convicted of drug trafficking in Singapore... in 2005) |
South AfricaSouth AfricaThe Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
| Christiaan "Chris" Barnard | 19??–1995 (no relation to heart surgeon Christiaan Barnard Christiaan Barnard Christiaan Neethling Barnard was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant.- Early life :... ) |
SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
| es:Antonio López Sierra | 1949–1975 |
| es:Vicente López Copete | 1953–1974 |
| es:Bernardo Sánchez Bascuñana | 1949–1972 |
| es:José Monero | 1972–1974 |
SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
| Anders Pettersson (Blekinge, Skåne) | 1838–c. 1868 |
| Johan Fredrik Hjort (Stockholm) | 1862–1882 |
| Per Petter Christiansson Steineck Per Petter Christiansson Steineck Per Petter Christiansson Steineck, was a Swedish executioner. Per Petterson Christensson Steijnech was born in Malmo, Sweden on 7 October 1822.-Career:... (Jönköping/Vadstena) |
1864–1887 |
| Albert Gustaf Dahlman Albert Gustaf Dahlman Albert Gustaf Dalman , was a Swedish executioner. He was the last executioner to carry out capital punishment in Sweden.... (originally in Stockholm, from 1901 for the entire country) |
1885–1920 |
SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
| Bernhard Schlegel | −1374 (Bâle Bale - Places :* Bale , a small town in Croatia* Bale, California, in Napa County* Bale, Norfolk in England* Bale, Poland* Balé Province, Burkina Faso* Basel, the Swiss city, for which the French name is Bâle-Ethiopia:* Bale Mountains... ) |
| François Tabazan | −1624 (Geneva Geneva Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland... ) |
| Baltzer Mengis | ~1652 (Lucerne Lucerne Lucerne is a city in north-central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of that country. Lucerne is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and the capital of the district of the same name. With a population of about 76,200 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and... ) |
| Christoph Mengis | – 1653 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Christoph II. Mengis | 1653–1681 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Johannes Mengis | 1681–1695 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Balthasar Mengis | 1695–1723 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Vollmar family | 1695- (Saint-Gall) |
| ? Deigentesch | ~1716 (Fribourg Fribourg Fribourg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and the district of Sarine. It is located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss plateau, and is an important economic, administrative and educational center on the cultural border between German and French Switzerland... ) |
| Bernhard Mengis | 1723- (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| ? Mengis | – 1779 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| ? Vollmer | ~1782 (Glarus Glarus Glarus is the capital of the Canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Glarus municipality since 1 January 2011 incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.... ) |
| Johann Melchior Grossholz | −1815 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| ? Vollmer | 20ies of the 19th century (Zurique) |
| Augustin Grossholz | 1815–1826 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Franz Grossholz | 1822– (Zug Zug Zug , is a German-speaking city in Switzerland. The name ‘Zug’ originates from fishing vocabulary; in the Middle Ages it referred to the right to ‘pull up’ fishing nets and hence to the right to fish.The city of Zug is located in the Canton of Zug and is its capital... ) |
| Joseph Pickel | 1826–1829 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Oswald Schlumpf | 1829–1830 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... ) |
| Franz Xaver Schmid | 1830–1855 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... , Zug Zug Zug , is a German-speaking city in Switzerland. The name ‘Zug’ originates from fishing vocabulary; in the Middle Ages it referred to the right to ‘pull up’ fishing nets and hence to the right to fish.The city of Zug is located in the Canton of Zug and is its capital... and Glarus Glarus Glarus is the capital of the Canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Glarus municipality since 1 January 2011 incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.... ) |
| Theodor Mengis) | 1839–1918 (Bern and Rheinfelden Rheinfelden Rheinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden. It is located 15 kilometres east of Basel. The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is located on the Hochrhein. It is home to Feldschlösschen, the most popular beer in... ) |
| Johann Bettenmann | 1855–1857 (Schwyz Schwyz The town of is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.-History of the toponym:... and Saint-Gall) |
United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
| Cratwell | to 1538 (when he was himself hanged for robbery) |
| "Stump-leg" | to 1556 (when he was himself hanged for theft) |
| ? Bull | before 1593–1601 |
| Thomas Derrick Thomas Derrick Thomas Derrick was a notable English executioner from the Elizabethan era.In English history, executioner was not a commonly chosen career path because of the risk of friends and families of the deceased knowing who the executioner was and where to find him. Executioners were sometimes coerced into... |
1601- before 1616 |
| Gregory Brandon | before 1616- before 1640 |
| Richard Brandon Richard Brandon Richard Brandon was a 17th century English hangman who inherited his role from his father Gregory Brandon and was sometimes known as "Young Gregory"... |
before 1640–1649 |
| William Lowen | 1649 |
| Edward Dun | 1649–1663 (the subject of Groanes from Newgate, or an Elegy upon Edward Dun. Esq., the Citie's Common Hangman, who dyed Naturally in his bed the 11th of September, 1663 Written by a person of Quality) |
| Jack Ketch Jack Ketch John Ketch was an infamous English executioner employed by King Charles II. An immigrant of Irish extraction, he became famous through the way he performed his duties during the tumults of the 1680s, when he was often mentioned in broadsheet accounts that circulated throughout the Kingdom of... |
1663–1686 |
| Paskah Rose Paskah Rose Paskah Rose , also known as Pascha Rose, was an English executioner briefly during 1686, successor to Jack Ketch. A few months after taking over Rose was hanged at Tyburn on 28 May 1687, following which Ketch may have been reinstated.-Further reading:* Proceedings of the Old Bailey... |
1686 (Bleackley (1929) graphs his name as Pasha Rose) |
| John Price John Price (executioner) John Price was an English hangman who was himself hanged for murder. He was born in London and apprenticed at an early age to a dealer in "scraps and rags" until the death of his master two years later... |
1714–1715 |
| William Marvell William Marvell William Marvell was an English executioner in the 18th century.Marvell, a blacksmith by trade, conducted hangings at Tyburn starting in 1715. He lost his job due to debt in November 1717, and two years later he was convicted of theft after stealing "10 silk handkerchiefs."-References:... |
1715–1717 |
| James Aird | 1715–1723 |
| ? Banks (known as Banks the Bailiff) | 1717- after 1718 |
| Richard Arnet | before 1726–1728 (hanged Jonathan Wild Jonathan Wild Jonathan Wild was perhaps the most infamous criminal of London — and possibly Great Britain — during the 18th century, both because of his own actions and the uses novelists, playwrights, and political satirists made of them... in 1725) |
| John Hooper | 1728–1735 (known as "the laughing hangman") |
| John Thrift | 1735–1752 (convicted of muder in 1750, but pardoned and continued in office; executed Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat , was a Scottish Jacobite and Chief of Clan Fraser, who was famous for his violent feuding and his changes of allegiance. In 1715, he had been a supporter of the House of Hanover, but in 1745 he changed sides and supported the Stuart claim on the crown of Scotland... on 9 April 1747, the last man to be beheaded in England.) |
| Thomas Turlis | 1752–1771 (hanged Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers was the last member of the House of Lords hanged in England.The 4th Earl Ferrers, descendant of an ancient and noble family, was the eldest son of Hon. Laurence Ferrers, himself a younger son of the Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers-a descendant of Robert... with a silken rope, the last nobleman to be hanged in England) |
| Edward Dennis | 1771–1786 (the last hangman at Tyburn and the first at Newgate; died 21 November 1786 at his home in the Old Bailey) |
| Edward Barlow | 1781–1812 |
| William Brunskill | 1786–1814 (started as assistant to Edward Dennis; executed Catherine Murphy Catherine Murphy (counterfeiter) Catherine Murphy was an English counterfeiter, the last woman to be officially sentenced and executed by the method of burning in England and Great Britain.... in 1789, the last woman to be burned at the stake in England) |
| William Taylor | −1810 |
| James Botting James Botting Jemmy Botting was the hangman at Newgate Prison in London, England from 1817-1819 during which tenure he claimed to have hanged a total of 175 persons. He was succeeded by John Foxton who had previously been his assistant from 1818.... |
1813/17-1819 |
| John Langley | 1814–1817 |
| James Botting James Botting Jemmy Botting was the hangman at Newgate Prison in London, England from 1817-1819 during which tenure he claimed to have hanged a total of 175 persons. He was succeeded by John Foxton who had previously been his assistant from 1818.... |
1817–1820 |
| Thomas Cheshire | 1820 (known as "Old Cheese"; assistant from 1808 to 1820 and from 1820 to 1840) |
| James Foxen | 1820–1829 |
| William Lee | −1827 |
| William Calcraft William Calcraft William Calcraft was the most famous English hangman of the 19th century. One of the most prolific British executioners of all time, it is estimated that he carried out 450 executions during his 45-year career... |
1829–1874 |
| John Scott | 1835–1847 (last executioner of Edinburgh) |
| George Smith George Smith (executioner) George Smith , popularly known as Throttler Smith, was an English hangman from 1840 until 1866. He was born in Rowley Regis in the English West Midlands, where he performed the majority of his executions... |
1849–1872 |
| Thomas Askern | 1853–1877 |
| Robert Anderson Evans Robert Anderson Evans Robert Anderson Evans was an English executioner from 1873 to 1875.Evans, of Carmarthen, Wales, was trained as a physician but did not practice... |
1873–1875 |
| William Marwood William Marwood William Marwood was a hangman for the British government. He developed the technique of hanging known as the "long drop".-Early life:Marwood was originally a cobbler, of Church Lane, Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England.-Executioner:... |
1874–1883 |
| George Meker, or George Incher | 1875–1881 |
| Bartholomew Binns Bartholomew Binns Bartholomew Binns was an English executioner from November 1883 to March 1884. He had previously assisted William Marwood at executions, and when Marwood was dismissed, he took over the position of Executioner for the City of London and Middlesex... |
1883–1884 |
| James Berry James Berry (hangman) James Berry was an English executioner from 1884 until 1891. Berry was born in Heckmondwike in Yorkshire, where his father worked as a wool-stapler. His most important contribution to the science of hanging was his refinement of the long drop method developed by William Marwood, whom Berry knew... |
1884–1891 |
| James Billington James Billington (hangman) James Billington was a hangman for the British government from 1884 until 1901.Born in Preston, in 1859 he moved with his family to Farnworth, northwest of Manchester. After leaving school he worked in a cotton mill for a time, but by the early 1880s he had become a Sunday school teacher and was... |
1884–1901 |
| Thomas Henry Scott Thomas Henry Scott Thomas Henry Scott was an English executioner from 1889 to 1901. He was from Huddersfield in Yorkshire. A ropemaker by trade, he acted as executioner on seventeen occasions. He was on the Home Office list of approved executioners from 1892 to 1895.... |
1892–1895 |
| Thomas Billington Thomas Billington (hangman) Thomas Billington was an English executioner from 1897 to 1901 and was one of four family members who worked as hangmen for England.-Biography:... |
1897–1901 |
| William Billington William Billington William Billington was an English executioner. He was on the Home Office list from 1902 to 1905 and had participated in hangings starting in 1899.-Career:... |
1902–1905 |
| John Billington John Billington (hangman) John Billington was an English executioner. He was on the Home Office list from 1901 to 1905.-Career:Billington came from a family of hangmen. His father, James, was a hangman from 1884 to 1901, and his two older brothers, Thomas and William, were also hangmen.In early 1902, at the age of 21, John... |
1901–1905 |
| John Ellis John Ellis (executioner) John Ellis was a Rochdale hairdresser and newsagent who served as one of the United Kingdom's executioners for 23 years, from 1901 to 1924.... |
1901–1923/24 |
| Henry Pierrepoint Henry Pierrepoint Henry Albert Pierrepoint was one of the United Kingdom's executioners from 1901 until 1910. He was the father of Albert and brother of Thomas.... |
1901–1910 |
| William Willis | 1906–1926 (assistant to John Ellis from 1906; assisted him in the execution of Hawley Harvey Crippen Hawley Harvey Crippen Hawley Harvey Crippen , usually known as Dr. Crippen, was an American homeopathic physician hanged in Pentonville Prison, London, on November 23, 1910, for the murder of his wife, Cora Henrietta Crippen... |
| Thomas Pierrepoint Thomas Pierrepoint Thomas William Pierrepoint was one of the United Kingdom's executioners from 1906 until 1946. He was the brother of Henry and uncle of Albert.... |
1909–1946 |
| Robert Baxter Robert Baxter (executioner) Robert Orridge Baxter was an English executioner from Hertfordshire. His career lasted from 1915 to 1935, during which he carried out 44 hangings and assisted at 53 others.-Career:... |
1915–1935 |
| Thomas Phillips | 1918–1941 |
| Robert Wilson | 1920–1936 |
| Alfred Allen Alfred Allen (executioner) Alfred Allen was an English executioner from Wolverhampton. His career lasted from 1928 to 1937, during which he carried out 3 hangings as a chief executioner and assisted at 14 others.... |
1928–1937 |
| Stanley Cross Stanley Cross (executioner) Stanley William Cross was an English executioner from Wormwood Scrubs. His career lasted from 1932 to 1941, during which he carried out 4 hangings as a chief executioner and assisted at 20 others.... |
1932–1941 |
| Albert Pierrepoint Albert Pierrepoint Albert Pierrepoint is the most famous member of the family which provided three of the United Kingdom's official hangmen in the first half of the 20th century... |
1932–1956 |
| Henry Kirk, or Harry Kirk | 1941–1950 |
| Stephen Wade, or Steve Wade | 1941–1955 |
| Harry Bernard Allen | 1941–1964 |
| Syd Dernley Syd Dernley Syd Dernley was dubbed, as also has been Albert Pierrepoint, "the last British hangman", although in fact he was not . More accurately, he was the last surviving hangman, following the deaths of both Pierrepoint and Allen in 1992... |
1949–1954 |
| Robert Leslie Stewart Robert Leslie Stewart Robert Leslie Stewart , from Edinburgh, Scotland, also known as Jock Stewart, was one of the last executioners in the United Kingdom, officiating between 1950 and 1964.... |
1950–1964 |
| Royston Lawrence Rickard | 1953–1964 |
| Harry Frank Robinson | 1958–1964 |
| Samuel Barrass Plant | 1961–1964 |
| John Underhill | 1963–1964 |
United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
John C. WoodsJohn C. Woods
John Chris Woods was an American Master Sergeant and the hangman for the Third United States Army at the Nuremberg Trials.-The executions in Nuremberg Prison:...
1903–1950. Hangman for the Third Army in WWII. He was one of the hangmen who executed Nazi war criminals.
Joseph Malta
Joseph Malta
Joseph Malta was the hangman who, with John C. Woods, executed the top 10 leaders of the Third Reich in Nuremberg on October 16, 1946, for crimes against humanity. Malta was a 28-year-old U.S...
(1918–1999) was the hangman who, with John C. Woods, executed the top 10 leaders of the Third Reich in Nuremberg on October 16, 1946, for crimes against humanity.
AlabamaAlabamaAlabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...
| Clarence Burford, warden at Kilby Prison from 1952–1965, was involved in several executions | |
| Murray Daniels, assistant warden at Kilby Prison in the 1950s, involved in eleven executions | |
| J.D. White, warden at Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections prison located in unincorporated southwestern Escambia County, Alabama. The facility is along Alabama State Highway 21, north of Atmore.... from 1980 to 1983, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences. Executed Alabama's first post-Furman inmate, John Louis Evans John Louis Evans John Louis Evans III was the first inmate to be executed by the State of Alabama after the United States reinstituted the death penalty in 1976. The torturous manner of his execution is frequently cited by opponents of capital punishment in the United States... on April 22, 1983. |
|
| Willie Johnson, warden at Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections prison located in unincorporated southwestern Escambia County, Alabama. The facility is along Alabama State Highway 21, north of Atmore.... from 1983 to 1988, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences |
|
| Charlie Jones, warden at Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections prison located in unincorporated southwestern Escambia County, Alabama. The facility is along Alabama State Highway 21, north of Atmore.... from 1988–2002, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences |
|
| Grantt Culliver, warden at Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility Holman Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections prison located in unincorporated southwestern Escambia County, Alabama. The facility is along Alabama State Highway 21, north of Atmore.... from 2002–2009, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences |
ArkansasArkansasArkansas is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquian name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares borders with six states , and its eastern border is largely defined by the Mississippi River...
| Maledon, George George Maledon George Maledon was a hangman aptly nicknamed "The Prince of Hangmen", who served in the federal court of Judge Isaac Parker.-Early life:... |
During the first part of the 20th century, operators of the electric chair
Electric chair
Execution by electrocution, usually performed using an electric chair, is an execution method originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body...
were known as "State electrician
State Electrician
"State Electrician" was the euphemistic title given to some American state executioners in states using the electric chair during the early twentieth century....
s".
CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
| Max Brice – executioner from mid-1950s to 1967 |
Daniel Vasquez – warden of San Quentin prison who served as executioner at the gas chamber
Gas chamber
A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. The most commonly used poisonous agent is hydrogen cyanide; carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide have also been used...
executions of Robert Alton Harris
Robert Alton Harris
Robert Alton Harris was an American career criminal and murderer who was executed in San Quentin's gas chamber in 1992. This marked the first execution in the state of California since 1967. Harris had killed two teenage boys in 1978...
in 1992 and the execution of David Mason the following year.
ColoradoColoradoColorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...
| John J. "Jack" Eeles – corrections officer who served as hangman at Colorado State Penitentiary until he was murdered in a prison riot on October 3, 1929. |
| Wayne Patterson Wayne Patterson Wayne George Patterson was a fictional character on the long-running Australian police drama Blue Heelers, played by actor Grant Bowler. He starred in the show from its beginning until he was hit by a car and killed in episode 96 in 1996.... – warden at Colorado State Penitentiary who pulled the lever to start execution of Luis Jose Monge on June 2, 1967. This was the last execution in the United States prior to the 1972 US Supreme Court case Furman vs. Georgia, which temporarily invalidated the death penalty nationwide. Patterson was opposed to capital punishment. |
IndianaIndianaIndiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...
| Jack P. Duckworth | 1981 – Warden of Indiana State Prison at Michigan City who was required by law to throw the switch at the electrocution of Steven Timothy Judy Steven Timothy Judy Steven Timothy Judy was convicted of murdering Terry Lee Chasteen and her three children, Misty Ann, Steve and Mark April 28, 1979. He was executed in Michigan City, Indiana, March 9, 1981 by electrocution... |
MassachusettsMassachusettsThe Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
| Edwin B. Currier | circa 1910 – Chief Engineer at Massachusetts General Hospital who operated electric chair control panel during executions at Charlestown Prison. |
MississippiMississippiMississippi is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi...
| Jimmy Thompson – 1940–1950 |
| T. Berry Bruce – 1957–1987 |
| Donald Hocutt – 1987–1995 |
New YorkNew YorkNew York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
| Edwin Davis Edwin Davis Edwin F. Davis was the first "state electrician" for the State of New York. In 1890, Davis finalized many features of the first electric chair used. Davis performed 240 executions between 1890 and 1914, including the first prisoner to be electrocuted, William Kemmler, and Martha M... |
1891–? |
| John Hulbert John Hulbert (executioner) John Hulbert was the executioner for the states of New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts from 1913 to 1926. Hulbert was trained as "state electrician" by his predecessor, Edwin F... |
1913–1926 |
| Robert Elliott Robert G. Elliott Robert Greene Elliott was the "state electrician" for the State of New York – and for those neighboring states which used the electric chair, including New Jersey, Vermont, and Massachusetts – during the period 1926-1939.He was born in Hamlin, New York, to an Irish immigrant... |
1926–1939 |
| Joseph Francel | 1939–1953 |
| Dow Hover Dow Hover Dow B. Hover was the last person to serve as a State Electrician of the New York State, who operated electric chair and the last person to serve as an executioner in the now no-death penalty state... |
1953–1963 |
OklahomaOklahomaOklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
| Rich Owens- 1918–1947 |
| Mike Mayfield, corrections officer- 1962–1966 |
PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaThe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
{||Frank Wilson electrical industry superintendent from Pittsburgh area who served as executioner between 1949 and 1953 at Rockview Prison.
{|
|Jerry Kramer (executioner) Pittsburgh area electrician contracted as executioner at Rockview from 1954 to 1962. Resigned from post following execution of Elmo Smith.
|}
TexasTexasTexas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
- Joe Byrd – Captain of the guard at the Walls Unit who served as executioner between 1936 and 1964. The nearby prison cemetery, where unclaimed remains of executed inmates are buried by the state, is named in his honor.
- W. James "Jim" Estelle – Director of the Texas Department of Criminal JusticeTexas Department of Criminal JusticeThe Texas Department of Criminal Justice is a department of the government of the state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails and private correctional facilities, funding and certain...
(TDCJ) between 1972 to 1983. Was designated executioner under policy developed by the TDCJ in 1976. Was the individual pushing the drugs into the IV lines at the December, 1982 execution of Charlie BrooksCharles Brooks, Jr.Charles Brooks, Jr. was a convicted murderer who was the first person executed by the state of Texas since it resumed capital punishment. Brooks was also the first person in United States to be executed using lethal injection.-Biography:Brooks was raised in a well-off Fort Worth, Texas family and...
, the first inmate in the United States to be executed by lethal injectionLethal injectionLethal injection is the practice of injecting a person with a fatal dose of drugs for the express purpose of causing the immediate death of the subject. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broad sense to euthanasia and suicide...
.
VirginiaVirginiaThe Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...
{|| Jerry Givens || 1982–1999 – Givens, a corrections officer at Virginia State Penitentiary and later Greensville Correctional Center, served as official executioner for all executions carried out in the state during this time period.
|}
Sources
- Anderson, Patrick R.: "Expert witnesses: Criminologists in the Courtroom".|Albany: State University of New York, 1987
- Evans, Richard J.Richard J. EvansRichard John Evans is a British academic and historian, prominently known for his history of Germany.-Life:Evans was born in London, of Welsh parentage, and is now Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge and President of Wolfson College...
: Rituals of Retribution: Capital Punishment in Germany, 1600–1987. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; London: Penguin Books, 1997 - Koch, Tankred: Die Geschichte der Henker: Scharfrichterschicksale aus acht Jahrhunderten. Heidelberg: Kriminalistikverlag, 1988; Herrsching: Manfred-Pawlak-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991
- Martschukat, Jürgen: Inszeniertes Töten: Eine Geschichte der Todesstrafe vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Köln: Böhlau, 2000; Hamburg: 2006
- Nowosadtko, Jutta: Scharfrichter und Abdecker: Der Alltag zweier "unehrlicher Berufe" in der Frühen Neuzeit. Paderborn: 1994
- Rossa, Kurt: Todesstrafen: Von den Anfängen bis heute. Bergisch-Gladbach: Bastei-Lübbe-Verlag, 1979
Newspaper Sources
- "1985 Contract Hoods Identity of Pennsylvania Executioner", Philadelphia Daily NewsPhiladelphia Daily NewsThe Philadelphia Daily News is a tabloid newspaper that serves Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The newspaper is owned by Philadelphia Media Holdings which also owns Philadelphia's other major newspaper The Philadelphia Inquirer. The Daily News began publishing on March 31, 1925, under...
, August 28, 1990
See also
- Capital punishmentCapital punishmentCapital punishment, the death penalty, or execution is the sentence of death upon a person by the state as a punishment for an offence. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from the Latin capitalis, literally...
- Electric chairElectric chairExecution by electrocution, usually performed using an electric chair, is an execution method originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body...
- Gas chamberGas chamberA gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. The most commonly used poisonous agent is hydrogen cyanide; carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide have also been used...
- GuillotineGuillotineThe guillotine is a device used for carrying out :executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which an angled blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body...
- HangingHangingHanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature. The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain...
- Lethal injectionLethal injectionLethal injection is the practice of injecting a person with a fatal dose of drugs for the express purpose of causing the immediate death of the subject. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broad sense to euthanasia and suicide...
External links
- British Hangmen 1800 to 1964 by Richard Clark.
- The English Hangmen from 1850 to 1964 by Richard Clark.
- Geschichte der Henker I listed by Uwe Färber.
- Geschichte der Henker II listed by Uwe Färber.
- Geschichte der Henker III listed by Uwe Färber.
- Geschichte der Henker IV listed by Uwe Färber.
- Geschichte der Henker V listed by Uwe Färber.