1302 Battle of Bapheus: decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.
1389 Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
1389 The Ottomans defeat the Serbian army in the bloody Battle of Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan).
1444 Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka ''Ulaszlo I of Hungary'' and ''Wladyslaw III of Poland'') are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.
1448 Second Battle of Kosovo, where the mainly Hungarian army led by John Hunyadi is defeated by an Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II.
1451 Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
1453 Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih capture Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire. Although the date of May 29, 1453 is that of the Julian Calendar, the event is commemorated in Istanbul on this day of the present Gregorian calendar.
1475 Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.
1480 Battle of Otranto: Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam.
1493 Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
1509 The Battle of Diu, between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire takes place in Diu, India.
1514 Battle of Chaldiran ended with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, Safavids founder.
1565 Turgut Reis (Dragut), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.
1593 Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Turks.
1595 Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Calugareni.
1652 Tarhoncu Ahmet Paşa appointed grand vezir of the Ottoman Empire, served until 21 March 1653.
1664 The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the Battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.
1669 The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year long Siege of Candia.
1673 Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.
1687 Battle of Mohács: Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottomans.
1713 The ''Kalabalik'' or ''Tumult in Bendery'' results from the Ottoman sultan's order that his unwelcome guest, King Charles XII of Sweden, be seized.
1718 The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.
1739 The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.
1739 The Treaty of Nissa is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia at the finish of the Russian-Turkish War, 1736–1739.
1770 The Orlov Revolt, an attempt to revolt against the Ottoman Empire before the Greek War of Independence, ends in disaster for the Greeks.
1770 The Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire begins.
1770 The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.
1789 Battle of Rymnik establishes Alexander Suvorov as a pre-eminent Russian military commander after his allied army defeat superior Ottoman Empire forces.
1799 At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.
1804 Karadjordje leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.
1807 Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.
1815 The Second Serbian Uprising - a second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.
1820 Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
1821 (Julian Calendar) Greece revolts against the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.
1821 The first big battle of the Greek War of Independence against the Turks occurs in Valtetsi.
1821 Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.
1822 The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.
1822 First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.
1824 The Battle of Kos is fought between Turk and Greek forces.
1829 The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.
1853 Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia.
1870 The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.
1873 Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.
1875 The Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire begins.
1877 Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire declares war on Ottoman Empire.
1877 Romania declares itself independent from the Ottoman Empire following the Senate adoption of Mihail Kogălniceanu's Declaration of Independence. This act is recognized on March 26, 1881 after the end of the Romanian War of Independence.
1878 Bulgaria regains its independence from Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano; shortly after Congress of Berlin stripped its status to an autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire.
1878 Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
1878 Treaty of Berlin: the European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
1897 The Greco-Turkish War, also called "Thirty Days' War", is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
1903 Fall of the Ottoman Empire: an unsuccessful uprising led by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, takes place.
1909 Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.
1911 Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1911 After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica.
1912 Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia declare war on the Ottoman Empire, joining Montenegro in the First Balkan War.
1912 Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
1912 First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins.
1912 Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
1914 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1916 World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.
1916 Erzerum Offensive during World War I, Russian victory over Ottoman Empire
1916 World War I: The British 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.
1917 World War I: Arabian troops led by T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") and Auda ibu Tayi capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire during the Arab Revolt.
1917 World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.
1918 Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I.
1918 The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East.
1918 Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
1920 World War I: Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI's representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres that divides up the Ottoman Empire between the Allies.
1921 The British install the son of Sharif Hussein bin Ali (leader of the Arab Revolt of 1916 against the Ottoman Empire) as King Faisal I of Iraq.
1922 The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
1923 Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.