University of North Dakota - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public university

Public university

A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. A national university may or may not be considered a public university, depending on regions...

in Grand Forks, North Dakota

Grand Forks, North Dakota

Grand Forks is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of North Dakota and the county seat of Grand Forks County. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 52,838, while that of the city and surrounding metropolitan area was 98,461...

, USA

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. Established by the Dakota Territorial

Dakota Territory

The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota.The Dakota Territory consisted of...

Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state

U.S. state

A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

of North Dakota

North Dakota

North Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Canada to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th-largest state by area in the U.S....

, UND is the oldest and largest university in the state and enrolls over 14,000 students. http://www2.und.edu/our/news/story.php?id=3226 UND was founded as a university with a strong liberal arts foundation. Today, UND also offers a variety of professional and specialized programs, including the only schools of law and medicine in the state. UND is also known for its School of Aerospace Sciences

John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences

The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences is a part of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The school was formed in 1968. The school's fleet of 120 aircraft is based at nearby Grand Forks International Airport and is the largest fleet of civilian flight training...

which trains airplane pilots from around the world. UND has also been named a space grant

Space grant colleges

The space-grant colleges compose a network of 52 consortia, based at universities across the United States, for outer space-related research. Each consortium is based in one of the 50 states, the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico and consists of multiple independent institutions, with one of the...

institution.

Roughly half of the student body is from North Dakota with the remainder coming from around the nation and the world. UND's economic impact on the state and region is more than $1 billion a year and it is the second largest employer in the state of North Dakota, after the Air Force

United States Air Force

The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...

. Recently, UND has put an emphasis on research and currently specializes in research involving health sciences, nutrition, energy and environmental protection, aerospace, and engineering. Several research institutions are located on the UND campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center

Energy and Environmental Research Center

The Energy and Environmental Research Center in Grand Forks, North Dakota EERC is a research, development, demonstration, and commercialization facility recognized as one of the world’s leading developers of cleaner, more efficient energy technologies as well as environmental technologies to...

, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences

University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences

The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences is the only school of medicine in the state of North Dakota.The school has trained roughly half of the physicians currently practicing in the state. Roughly 20 percent of the American Indian doctors in the United States were...

, and the USDA

United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture is the United States federal executive department responsible for developing and executing U.S. federal government policy on farming, agriculture, and food...

Human Nutrition Research Center.

The UND athletic teams are called the Fighting Sioux

North Dakota Fighting Sioux

The North Dakota Fighting Sioux are the athletic teams of the University of North Dakota , which is located in the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota, in the United States. The logo is a Native American figure. The logo was designed by Bennett Brien, a local artist and UND graduate of Ojibwa...

. The men's ice hockey team, which plays in the Ralph Engelstad Arena

Ralph Engelstad Arena

For the arena with the same name in Thief River Falls, Minnesota see Ralph Engelstad Arena .For the pre-2001 arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota see Ralph Engelstad Arena ....

, has won seven national championships. The Fighting Sioux ice hockey teams compete at the Division I level and as of 2008, all teams are now at the Division I level.

Founding

UND was founded in 1883, six years before North Dakota became a state. Grand Forks native George H. Walsh

George H. Walsh

George H. Walsh was an American newspaper editor and publisher from Grand Forks, North Dakota. He served on the council of the Dakota Territory and was instrumental in the founding of the University of North Dakota....

submitted a bill to the Territorial Legislature of Dakota Territory

Dakota Territory

that called for the new state of North Dakota's university to be located in Grand Forks. The university was viewed by many as the premier state institution to be given to a community; even more so than the state capitol.

The first classes were held on September 8, 1884. The first building at UND, Old Main, housed all classrooms, offices, dorm rooms, and a library. In the 1880s, UND consisted of only a few acres of property surrounded by farms and fields. At this time, the campus was nearly two miles west of the city of Grand Forks. Students living off campus had to take a train or a horse and carriage bus, dubbed the "Black Maria", from downtown to the campus.

20th century

Gradually, more buildings were constructed on campus and a trolley system was built to connect the growing university to downtown Grand Forks

Downtown Grand Forks

Downtown Grand Forks is the original commercial center of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Located on the western bank of the Red River of the North, the downtown neighborhood is situated near the fork of the Red River and the Red Lake River. While downtown is no longer the dominant commercial area of...

. However, there were several major interruptions in the life of the university. In 1918, UND was the hardest-hit single institution in the country by the flu epidemic which killed 1,400 people in North Dakota alone. Later that year, classes were suspended so the campus could become an army base for soldiers during World War I

World War I

World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

. During the Great Depression

Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...

, UND provided free housing to students willing to do manual labor on campus. "Camp Depression," as it was called, consisted of railroad caboose

Caboose

A caboose is a manned North American rail transport vehicle coupled at the end of a freight train. Although cabooses were once used on nearly every freight train, their use has declined and they are seldom seen on trains, except on locals and smaller railroads.-Function:The caboose provided the...

s that housed eight male students each. "Camp Depression" students did not get regular meals from the cafeteria and had to be satisfied with only free leftovers. However, a number of Grand Forks citizens often opened their homes and kitchen tables to many of these young men.

After World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, enrollment quickly grew to more than 3,000. A large amount of housing had to be built on campus as well as several new academic buildings. The 1950s saw the rise of the Fighting Sioux hockey tradition. In the 1960s and 1970s, many student protests occurred at UND. The largest occurred in May 1970 when over 1,500 students gathered to protest the Kent State shootings

Kent State shootings

The Kent State shootings—also known as the May 4 massacre or the Kent State massacre—occurred at Kent State University in the city of Kent, Ohio, and involved the shooting of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970...

. In 1975, enrollment swelled to a record 8,500. The 1970s also saw the establishment of the John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences

John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences

at UND. The 1980s and 1990s were another period of growth for UND. However, the devastating 1997 Red River Flood inundated numerous buildings on campus and forced the cancellation of the remainder of the school year.

21st century

The start of the 21st century was marked by the opening of two major athletic venues for UND athletics. The Ralph Engelstad Arena

Ralph Engelstad Arena

For the arena with the same name in Thief River Falls, Minnesota see Ralph Engelstad Arena .For the pre-2001 arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota see Ralph Engelstad Arena ....

which is used for hockey and the Alerus Center

Alerus Center

The Alerus Center is an indoor arena and convention center located in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The facility is owned and operated by the city of Grand Forks and opened on February 10, 2001. The arena's major tenant is the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team. The arena also...

which is used for football both opened in 2001. Millions of dollars worth of construction and renovation projects have dotted the campus landscape in recent years. As part of a plan to improve student facilities on campus, UND has recently constructed a Wellness Center, a parking garage, and a new apartment-style housing complex. Today, issues facing UND include a move of its entire athletic program to Division I, ongoing discussions regarding the Fighting Sioux nickname, the fact that UND is located in a state with a shrinking population of potential students, and efforts to increase external contributions and funding.

Campus

Main campus

The main campus of the University of North Dakota sits in the middle of Grand Forks

Grand Forks, North Dakota

on University Avenue. The campus is made up of 223 buildings (5.33 million square feet) on 549 acres (2.2 km²). The campus stretches roughly one and half miles from east to west and is divided by the meandering English Coulee. The western edge of campus is bordered by Interstate 29

Interstate 29

Interstate 29 is an Interstate Highway in the Midwestern United States. I-29 runs from Kansas City, Missouri, at a junction with Interstate 35 and Interstate 70 to the Canadian border near Pembina, North Dakota, where it connects with Manitoba Highway 75 via the short Manitoba Highway 29.-Route...

, the eastern edge is bordered with University Park, the Grand Forks railyards sit on the south side of campus, and the north side of campus is marked by U.S. Highway 2

U.S. Route 2

U.S. Route 2 is an east–west U.S. Highway spanning across the northern continental United States. US 2 consists of two segments connected by various roadways in southern Canada...

which is called Gateway Drive in Grand Forks. The central and eastern areas of campus are the older sections and the northern and western areas are newer.

Central campus and eastern campus

The central campus area is the oldest part of UND and contains many historic buildings. This area is home to most academic buildings on campus. At the heart of campus sits the Chester Fritz Library

Chester Fritz Library

The Chester Fritz Library is the largest library at the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It is the largest library in the state of North Dakota and houses over two million print and non-print items. It is a designated U.S. Patent and Trademark depository of Federal and...

, the largest library in North Dakota

North Dakota

. The 82 feet (25 m) tower of the library is a familiar landmark on University Avenue. Behind the library is the park-like setting of the central campus mall. The mall includes several statues and is a popular place for students to study. The mall is lined with historic buildings including Merrifield Hall, Twamley Hall, Babcock Hall, Montgomery Hall, and the old Carnegie Library. The location of the first building on campus, Old Main, is marked with Old Main Memorial Plaza and the eternal flame of the Old Main Memorial Sphere. Other buildings in the central part of campus include the School of Law

University of North Dakota School of Law

The University of North Dakota School of Law is located in Grand Forks, North Dakota at the University of North Dakota and is the only law school in the state of North Dakota. Established in 1899, the law school is home to approximately 235 students and has more than 3,000 alumni...

, the North Dakota Museum of Art

North Dakota Museum of Art

The North Dakota Museum of Art is the official art museum of the U.S. state of North Dakota. Located on the campus of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, the museum is a private not-for-profit institution...

, Memorial Union, Gamble Hall, the J. Lloyd Stone Alumni Center, the Burtness Theatre, and Chandler Hall—the oldest remaining building on the UND campus. The English Coulee flows along the western edge of the central campus area and on the western bank of the Coulee sits the Chester Fritz Auditorium

Chester Fritz Auditorium

The Chester Fritz Auditorium is a performance facility on the campus of the University of North Dakota located in the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. "The Fritz", as it is commonly known, is used for many events including concerts, dance groups, and popular Broadway musicals...

and the Hughes Fine Arts Center. The historic 1907 Adelphi Fountain is located next to the Coulee as is the new Spiritual Center.

On the eastern edge of the central campus area sits Memorial Stadium

Memorial Stadium (University of North Dakota)

Memorial Stadium is the home of the University of North Dakota Track and Field teams. It is located on the UND campus in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Memorial Stadium is the former home of the UND football team. Today, the football team plays in the nearby Alerus Center. The stadium holds 9,600...

, the old Ralph Engelstad Arena

Ralph Engelstad Arena (old)

Ralph Engelstad Arena was a 6,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It was home to the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux hockey team. It also hosted community events and the 1983 Frozen Four tournament...

, and the Hyslop Auditorium. These structures are all old athletic venues which have been replaced with new structures located elsewhere on campus. The eastern part of campus is also the home of the Energy and Environmental Research Center

Energy and Environmental Research Center

complex which includes the National Center for Hydrogen Technology. The Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, which is operated by the United States Department of Agriculture

United States Department of Agriculture

, is also found in this part of campus. A five-story parking garage sits directly at the corner of University Avenue and Columbia Road. At the extreme eastern portion of campus sits University Park which is operated by the Grand Forks Park District

Grand Forks Park District

The Grand Forks Park District is a government agency of Grand Forks, North Dakota. The Park District was founded in 1905 and and levies its own taxes separately from local government...

Northern campus and western campus

To the north of the central campus area, along Columbia Road, sits the School of Medicine

University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences

complex. The main School of Medicine building is the remodeled St. Michael's Hospital building which was built in 1951. Other buildings in the medical school complex include the Biomedical Research Center and the Neuroscience Research Facility. Further north sits an area that is called University Village

University Village, Grand Forks, North Dakota

University Village is a neighborhood in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It is a part of the University of North Dakota campus and is located directly north of UND's central campus area. The property comprises located on the banks of the meandering English Coulee directly off U.S. Highway 2...

. This land sat virtually empty for decades, but has recently been developed for UND, commercial, and residential purposes. University Village is anchored by the $100+ million dollar Ralph Engelstad Arena

Ralph Engelstad Arena

For the arena with the same name in Thief River Falls, Minnesota see Ralph Engelstad Arena .For the pre-2001 arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota see Ralph Engelstad Arena ....

which is used by the UND Fighting Sioux ice hockey teams. University Village is also home to the Betty Engelstad Sioux Center

Betty Engelstad Sioux Center

The Betty Engelstad Sioux Center is an indoor arena located in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It is adjacent to the larger $100 million Ralph Engelstad Arena in the University Village development. The facility sits on the campus of the University of North Dakota and is used for the University's...

, the new Student Wellness Center, the UND bookstore, a condo development, a medical clinic, and several commercial properties.

The western part of the UND campus is a newer area with modern styles of architecture. This area is home to the John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences

John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences

(originally named the Center for Aerospace Sciences or "CAS") which includes Odegard Hall, Clifford Hall, Ryan Hall, and Streibel Hall. Directly adjacent to the Aerospace Complex sits the Skalicky Business Incubator, the Ina Mae Rude Entrepreneur Center, and a Hilton Garden Inn

Hilton Garden Inn

Hilton Garden Inn is a chain of hotels trademarked by the Hilton Worldwide. Hilton Garden Inns are considered to be upscale mid-priced hotels that are designed for both business and leisure travelers. The hotel brand is similar to that of the Courtyard by Marriott brand, a key competitor...

. Ground was recently broken for the Center of Excellence for Life Sciences and Technology. The western part of campus is also the location of most residence halls and student apartments. A new $20 million dollar student housing project called University Place recently opened on University Avenue.

Other facilities

UND operates a small campus consisting of several buildings at Grand Forks International Airport

Grand Forks International Airport

Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport located five miles northwest of the central business district of Grand Forks, a city in Grand Forks County, North Dakota, United States...

where aviation students train. UND Aerospace also operates flight training centers in Crookston, Minnesota

Crookston, Minnesota

As of the census of 2000, there were 8,192 people, 3,078 households, and 1,819 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,658.8 people per square mile . There were 3,382 housing units at an average density of 684.8 per square mile...

, Duluth, Minnesota

Duluth, Minnesota

Duluth is a port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and is the county seat of Saint Louis County. The fourth largest city in Minnesota, Duluth had a total population of 86,265 in the 2010 census. Duluth is also the second largest city that is located on Lake Superior after Thunder Bay, Ontario,...

, Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix is the capital, and largest city, of the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the sixth most populated city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,445,632 people according to the official 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data...

, Spokane, Washington

Spokane, Washington

Spokane is a city located in the Northwestern United States in the state of Washington. It is the largest city of Spokane County of which it is also the county seat, and the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest region...

, and Williston, North Dakota

Williston, North Dakota

-Demographics:Preliminary data from a 2010 housing study indicates that population has grown by nearly 22 percent over the past decade; the actual increase might be much higher. Williston is in western North Dakota's booming oil patch, and adequate, affordable housing has become a concern. The...

. UND owns and operates the Ray Richards 9-hole golf course south of the main UND campus. The Fighting Sioux football

North Dakota Fighting Sioux football

The North Dakota Fighting Sioux are a college football program that competes in the Great West Conference in the NCAA Division I's Football Championship Subdivision...

team is a major tenant of the city of Grand Forks-owned Alerus Center

Alerus Center

. The School of Medicine operates several clinics throughout the state.

Sustainability

University of North Dakota has begun to address some aspects of sustainability within its campus operations. Former university president, President Kupchella, signed the President’s Climate Commitment, and a standing Council on Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability made up of representatives from various departments is exploring ways to green the campus.
The campus’s current recycling system reduces UND’s overall waste stream by 20%. To further minimize impact, UND has conducted lighting retrofits and installed heat recovery systems and power management technology for peak and off-peak use adjustment. Students are also involved in promoting sustainability throughout the campus through such events as recycling competitions. With these efforts, University of North Dakota received a C grade on the College Sustainability Report Card 2009 released by the Sustainable Endowments Institute.

Academics

UND has ten academic divisions:

John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences
John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences
The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences is a part of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The school was formed in 1968. The school's fleet of 120 aircraft is based at nearby Grand Forks International Airport and is the largest fleet of civilian flight training...
College of Arts and Sciences
College of Business and Public Administration
College of Education and Human Development
School of Engineering and Mines
Graduate School
School of Law
University of North Dakota School of Law
The University of North Dakota School of Law is located in Grand Forks, North Dakota at the University of North Dakota and is the only law school in the state of North Dakota. Established in 1899, the law school is home to approximately 235 students and has more than 3,000 alumni...
School of Medicine and Health Sciences
University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences
The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences is the only school of medicine in the state of North Dakota.The school has trained roughly half of the physicians currently practicing in the state. Roughly 20 percent of the American Indian doctors in the United States were...
College of Nursing
Division of Continuing Education

Altogether, UND offers 89 undergraduate majors, 63 undergraduate minors, 57 master's programs, 23 doctoral programs, two professional programs (medicine

University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences

and law

University of North Dakota School of Law

), and a specialist diploma program in educational leadership. UND also has an interdisciplinary program that allows students to obtain a degree in virtually any course of study. A collection of online classes and degree programs are offered for students around the nation and world. UND is one of only 47 public universities in the United States that has both accredited schools of law and medicine. Nearly all professors hold the highest degree available in their profession and UND is fully accredited. On campus, academic classrooms range from smaller rooms capable of seating around twenty students to large lecture bowls capable of seating hundreds at a time. Many areas have wireless access for laptops and technologically equipped classrooms enable professors to offer interactive lectures. UND offers 1,000 computer workstations for student use and computer labs can be found in the libraries, Memorial Union, and in several academic areas.

Libraries

UND has three major libraries which, together, form the largest system of research libraries in the state of North Dakota

North Dakota

. The Chester Fritz Library

Chester Fritz Library

is the largest library in the state. It houses 1.4 million volumes, provides access to approximately 28,000 electronic journal subscriptions, and owns over 20,000 electronic books. It also serves as a U.S. patent and trademark depository and a government document depository. UND's special collections department is known for its genealogical resources, including Norwegian Bygdeboker, or Norwegian farm and town records. Branches of the Chester Fritz Library include the Energy and Environmental Research Library, the F.D. Holland Geology Library, and the Gordon Erickson Music Library. The School of Law

University of North Dakota School of Law

operates the Thormodsgard Law Library and the School of Medicine

University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences

operates the Harley E. French Library of the Health Sciences.

Division of Continuing Education

The division offers many distance learning and online degree programs. It offers undergraduate level programs in Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with physical science , and life sciences with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms...

, Civil Engineering

Civil engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...

, Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...

and Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the...

.

It also offers graduate level programs like MBA, Applied Economics

Applied economics

Applied economics is a term that refers to the application of economic theory and analysis. While not a field of economics, it is typically characterized by the application of economic theory and econometrics to address practical issues in a range of fields including labour economics, industrial...

, Educational Leadership, Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychology

Forensic psychology is the intersection between psychology and the criminal justice system. It involves understanding criminal law in the relevant jurisdictions in order to be able to interact appropriately with judges, attorneys and other legal professionals...

, Social Work

Social work

Social Work is a professional and academic discipline that seeks to improve the quality of life and wellbeing of an individual, group, or community by intervening through research, policy, community organizing, direct practice, and teaching on behalf of those afflicted with poverty or any real or...

, Public Administration

Public administration

Public Administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal.....

and Nursing

Nursing

Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life from conception to death....

.

They also offer a Doctoral level program in Educational Leadership, with some on campus face to face requirements.

Research

UND is classified by the Carnegie Foundation

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

Founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of the United States Congress, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching is an independent policy and research center, whose primary activities of research and writing have resulted in published reports on every level...

as a doctoral/research-intensive institution. This level of research activity is shown in UND's research statistics which, in fiscal year 2006, included program awards that reached $94.3 million, sponsored program expenditures that reached $81.2 million, and an overall research portfolio that included $315 million in total ongoing and committed accounts. Research activity at UND focuses on health sciences, nutrition, energy and environmental protection, aerospace, and engineering. As a major component of the Red River Valley Research Corridor

Red River Valley Research Corridor

The Red River Valley Research Corridor is the name that has been given to a region in the American state of North Dakota. It roughly comprises the corridor along the Red River of the North. The Research Corridor is anchored by North Dakota State University and the University of North Dakota...

, UND operates many research units including the Energy and Environmental Research Center

Energy and Environmental Research Center

, the School of Medicine

University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences

, the Center for Rural Health, the Center for Innovation, the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium, the Bureau of Governmental Affairs, the Bureau of Educational Services and Applied Research, and the Social Science Research Institute. The Energy and Environmental Research Center, located on the eastern fringes of the UND campus, has been recognized as a leader in researching cleaner, more efficient forms of energy. The EERC operates a number of research units at UND including the National Center for Hydrogen Technology.

In May 2006, students from UND unveiled a new space suit

Space suit

A space suit is a garment worn to keep an astronaut alive in the harsh environment of outer space. Space suits are often worn inside spacecraft as a safety precaution in case of loss of cabin pressure, and are necessary for extra-vehicular activity , work done outside spacecraft...

that they had developed to be used by astronaut

Astronaut

An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft....

s that may someday travel to Mars

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars. It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance...

. The students were working off of a $100,000 grant from NASA

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...

and the suit was tested in the Badlands

Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a United States National Park comprising three geographically separated areas of badlands in western North Dakota. The park was named for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, in honor of his achievements in conservation as president and for the landscape's...

of western North Dakota. The suit weighs 47 pounds and costs only a fraction of the standard $22 million cost for a NASA spacesuit. The suit was developed in just over a year by the students.

Athletics

UND's athletic teams currently bear the name of the Fighting Sioux

Sioux

The Sioux are Native American and First Nations people in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many language dialects...

. Although the official school colors of UND are green and pink, this color combination is rarely employed outside of official or ceremonial applications. The colors are representative of North Dakota's state flower, the Wild Prairie Rose

Wild Prairie Rose

Rosa arkansana is a species of rose native to a large area of central North America, between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains from Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan south to New Mexico, Texas and Indiana.There are two varieties:*Rosa arkansana var...

. The official athetic teams colors of UND are Green and White adopted in the 1920s.

UND is currently in Division I. The hockey teams play in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association

Western Collegiate Hockey Association

The Western Collegiate Hockey Association is a college athletic conference which operates over a wide area of the Midwestern and Western United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division I as an ice hockey-only conference....

and all other teams currently play in the Great West Conference but will join the Big Sky Conference

Big Sky Conference

The Big Sky Conference is an intercollegiate college athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I, with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision. The BSC was founded in 1963. Member institutions are located in the western United States in the states of Arizona,...

in 2012.

The men's ice hockey team has won seven national championships and has been runner-up five times. Both the men's and women's ice hockey teams play at the Ralph Engelstad Arena

Ralph Engelstad Arena

For the arena with the same name in Thief River Falls, Minnesota see Ralph Engelstad Arena .For the pre-2001 arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota see Ralph Engelstad Arena ....

. The football team

North Dakota Fighting Sioux football

The North Dakota Fighting Sioux are a college football program that competes in the Great West Conference in the NCAA Division I's Football Championship Subdivision...

won the Division II national championship in 2001 and was the runner-up in 2003, and play at the Alerus Center

Alerus Center

. The basketball teams

North Dakota Fighting Sioux basketball

The North Dakota Fighting Sioux basketball teams are parth of the athletic program at the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. They are members of the NCAA Division I Great West Conference since the 2008-2009 season. Previously they played in Division II's North Central...

play in the Betty Engelstad Sioux Center

Betty Engelstad Sioux Center

. The women's team has won three national championships in 1997, 1998, and 1999 and was runner-up in 2001.
A notable UND athletic alumnus is NBA

National Basketball Association

The National Basketball Association is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in North America. It consists of thirty franchised member clubs, of which twenty-nine are located in the United States and one in Canada...

coach and former player Phil Jackson

Phil Jackson

Philip Douglas "Phil" Jackson is a retired American professional basketball coach and player. Jackson is widely considered one of the greatest coaches in the history of the National Basketball Association . His reputation was established as head coach of the Chicago Bulls from 1989 through 1998;...

. Many UND alumni have played in the NHL including: New Jersey Devils

New Jersey Devils

The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey, United States. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...

Left Wing Zach Parise

Zach Parise

Zachary Justin Parise is an American professional ice hockey left winger of French-Canadian origin and captain of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League . Parise's father, J. P...

and Center Travis Zajac

Travis Zajac

Travis Zajac is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently playing for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League . He was selected 20th overall in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the New Jersey Devils....

, Columbus Blue Jackets Defenseman Mike Commodore

Mike Commodore

Michael Commodore is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League .-Playing career:...

, Chicago Blackhawks

Chicago Blackhawks

The Chicago Blackhawks are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . They have won four Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926, most recently coming in 2009-10...

Forward and captain Jonathan Toews

Jonathan Toews

Jonathan Bryan Toews is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who plays for and is captain of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League . He is currently the youngest captain in the NHL, having been appointed in 2008....

, former NHL goalie Ed Belfour

Ed Belfour

Edward John Belfour is a former Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.Belfour was born in Carman, Manitoba and grew up playing hockey. He played junior hockey for the Winkler Flyers before going to the University of North Dakota where he helped the school win the NCAA championship in the...

, and St. Louis Blues center TJ Oshie.

Fight song

It's For You, North Dakota U (or North Dakota U) is a fight song

Fight song

A fight song is primarily an American and Canadian sports term, referring to a song associated with a team. In both professional and amateur sports, fight songs are a popular way for fans to cheer for their team...

of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota

Grand Forks, North Dakota

. The song was composed by Franz Rickaby in 1921.

Student life

**Historic enrollments:**
1890	24
1900	124
1910	490
1920	1,124
1930	1,765
1940	1,757
1950	2,653
1960	4,491
1970	8,129
1980	10,217
1990	11,885
2000	11,031
2010	14,194 http://www2.und.edu/our/news/story.php?id=3226

Student body

Currently, over 13,000 students attend classes on the UND campus each year.http://www2.und.edu/our/news/story.php?id=3226 About half of the student body is from North Dakota

North Dakota

and the other half is made up of students from all 50 states and over 50 other nations. The ratio between male and female students is about even. Demographically, about 90% of the student body is caucasian. Students can choose to live on or off campus. On campus, there are 15 residence halls and 800 student apartment units, as well as twelve fraternities and six sororities. There are over 230 student organizations at UND as well as an intramural sports

Intramural sports

Intramural sports or intramurals are recreational sports organized within a set geographic area. The term derives from the Latin words intra muros meaning "within walls", and was used to indicate sports matches and contests that took place among teams from "within the walls" of an ancient city...

program called RecSports. The student body is represented by the Student Government. Student Government is composed of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch consists of six executives who each have different areas of focus. The legislative branch consists of 23 student senators who represent each academic and residential district. The judicial branch consists of seven justices that deal with judicial matters when necessary. In addition, four standing committees are committed to enhancing university life for all students. The four standing committees are: University Programming Council (UPC), Student Activities Committee (SAC), Multicultural Awareness Committee (MAC), and Board of Student Publications (BOSP). In addition, five Administrative Assistants assist with all areas of Student Government.

Greek Life

Member chapters include:

Fraternities

Pi Kappa Alpha

Pi Kappa Alpha is a Greek social fraternity with over 230 chapters and colonies and over 250,000 lifetime initiates in the United States and Canada.-History:...

, Delta Upsilon

Delta Upsilon

Delta Upsilon is the sixth oldest international, all-male, college Greek-letter organization, and is the oldest non-secret fraternity in North America...

, Beta Theta Pi

Beta Theta Pi

Beta Theta Pi , often just called Beta, is a social collegiate fraternity that was founded in 1839 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, USA, where it is part of the Miami Triad which includes Phi Delta Theta and Sigma Chi. It has over 138 active chapters and colonies in the United States and Canada...

, Kappa Sigma

Kappa Sigma

Kappa Sigma , commonly nicknamed Kappa Sig, is an international fraternity with currently 282 active chapters and colonies in North America. Kappa Sigma has initiated more than 240,000 men on college campuses throughout the United States and Canada. Today, the Fraternity has over 175,000 living...

, Sigma Nu

Sigma Nu

Sigma Nu is an undergraduate, college fraternity with chapters in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Sigma Nu was founded in 1869 by three cadets at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia...

, Sigma Chi

Sigma Chi

Sigma Chi is the largest and one of the oldest college Greek-letter secret and social fraternities in North America with 244 active chapters and more than . Sigma Chi was founded on June 28, 1855 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio when members split from Delta Kappa Epsilon...

, Sigma Alpha Epsilon

Sigma Alpha Epsilon

Sigma Alpha Epsilon is a North American Greek-letter social college fraternity founded at the University of Alabama on March 9, 1856. Of all existing national social fraternities today, Sigma Alpha Epsilon is the only one founded in the Antebellum South...

, Sigma Phi Epsilon

Sigma Phi Epsilon

Sigma Phi Epsilon , commonly nicknamed SigEp or SPE, is a social college fraternity for male college students in the United States. It was founded on November 1, 1901, at Richmond College , and its national headquarters remains in Richmond, Virginia. It was founded on three principles: Virtue,...

, Phi Delta Theta

Phi Delta Theta

Phi Delta Theta , also known as Phi Delt, is an international fraternity founded at Miami University in 1848 and headquartered in Oxford, Ohio. Phi Delta Theta, Beta Theta Pi, and Sigma Chi form the Miami Triad. The fraternity has about 169 active chapters and colonies in over 43 U.S...

, Lambda Chi Alpha

Lambda Chi Alpha

Lambda Chi Alpha is one of the largest men's secret general fraternities in North America, having initiated more than 280,000 members and held chapters at more than 300 universities. It is a member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference and was founded by Warren A. Cole, while he was a...

, Delta Tau Delta

Delta Tau Delta

Delta Tau Delta is a U.S.-based international secret letter college fraternity. Delta Tau Delta was founded in 1858 at Bethany College, Bethany, Virginia, . It currently has around 125 student chapters nationwide, as well as more than 25 regional alumni groups. Its national community service...

, Pi Kappa Phi

Pi Kappa Phi

Pi Kappa Phi is an American social fraternity. It was founded by Andrew Alexander Kroeg, Jr., Lawrence Harry Mixson, and Simon Fogarty, Jr. on December 10, 1904 at the College of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina...

, Alpha Tau Omega

Alpha Tau Omega

Alpha Tau Omega is a secret American leadership and social fraternity.The Fraternity has more than 250 active and inactive chapters, more than 200,000 initiates, and over 7,000 active undergraduate members. The 200,000th member was initiated in early 2009...

Sororities

Delta Gamma

Delta Gamma is one of the oldest and largest women's fraternities in the United States and Canada, with its Executive Offices based in Columbus, Ohio.-History:...

, Alpha Phi

Alpha Phi

Alpha Phi International Women's Fraternity was founded at Syracuse University on September 18, 1872. Alpha Phi currently has 152 active chapters and over 200,000 initiated members. Its celebrated Founders' Day is October 10. It was the third Greek-letter organization founded for women. In Alpha...

, Kappa Alpha Theta

Kappa Alpha Theta

Kappa Alpha Theta , also known as Theta, is an international fraternity for women founded on January 27, 1870 at DePauw University, formerly Indiana Asbury...

, Alpha Chi Omega

Alpha Chi Omega

Alpha Chi Omega is a women's fraternity founded on October 15, 1885. Currently, there are 135 chapters of Alpha Chi Omega at colleges and universities across the United States and more than 200,000 lifetime members...

, Pi Beta Phi

Pi Beta Phi

Pi Beta Phi is an international fraternity for women founded as I.C. Sorosis on April 28, 1867, at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois. Its headquarters are located in Town and Country, Missouri, and there are 134 active chapters and over 330 alumnae organizations across the United States and...

, Gamma Phi Beta

Gamma Phi Beta

Gamma Phi Beta is an international sorority that was founded on November 11, 1874, at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. The term "sorority," meaning sisterhood, was coined for Gamma Phi Beta by Dr. Frank Smalley, a professor at Syracuse University.The four founders are Helen M. Dodge,...

Other Student Organizations

InterVarsity Christian Fellowship

InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA is an inter-denominational, evangelical Christian, student-led ministry which for the past 70 years has been dedicated to establishing witnessing communities on U.S. college and university campuses...

, Campus Crusade For Christ

Campus Crusade for Christ

Campus Crusade for Christ is an interdenominational Christian organization that promotes evangelism and discipleship in more than 190 countries...

, Fellowship of Christian Athletes

Fellowship of Christian Athletes

The Fellowship of Christian Athletes is a non-profit interdenominational Christian organization founded in 1954 and that has been based in Kansas City, Missouri since 1956. It falls within the tradition of Muscular Christianity. Although established by evangelical Protestants, the concept has...

, and the Newman Center are some of the many Christian and religious groups operating on campus. The Dakota Space Society (affiliated with the School of Aerospace Sciences) works to educate and enlighten members and non-members about the benefits of space with membership open to all students from any field of study in both the undergraduate and graduate areas.

Culture

There are a number of cultural offerings on the UND campus. The North Dakota Museum of Art

North Dakota Museum of Art

, the official art museum of the state of North Dakota, is located in the heart of campus and offers exhibits throughout the year. The Burtness Theater and the Chester Fritz Auditorium

Chester Fritz Auditorium

regularly feature theater and concert events. The Ralph Engelstad Arena

Ralph Engelstad Arena

For the arena with the same name in Thief River Falls, Minnesota see Ralph Engelstad Arena .For the pre-2001 arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota see Ralph Engelstad Arena ....

also occasionally features non-athletic events including concerts. The nearby city-owned Alerus Center

Alerus Center

hosts several concerts each year as well as other events. In addition to these facilities, the city of Grand Forks is home to other theaters and museums. Each year, UND hosts the University of North Dakota Writers Conference

University of North Dakota Writers Conference

The University of North Dakota Writers Conference is an annual literary event held at the University of North Dakota located in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The week-long Writers Conference is known for being one of the most distinguished cultural events on campus...

. This is a week long event that brings together prominent American and foreign writers. Past participants have included Truman Capote

Truman Capote

Truman Streckfus Persons , known as Truman Capote , was an American author, many of whose short stories, novels, plays, and nonfiction are recognized literary classics, including the novella Breakfast at Tiffany's and the true crime novel In Cold Blood , which he labeled a "nonfiction novel." At...

, Tennessee Williams

Tennessee Williams

Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III was an American writer who worked principally as a playwright in the American theater. He also wrote short stories, novels, poetry, essays, screenplays and a volume of memoirs...

, Eudora Welty

Eudora Welty

Eudora Alice Welty was an American author of short stories and novels about the American South. Her novel The Optimist's Daughter won the Pulitzer Prize in 1973. Welty was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, among numerous awards. She was the first living author to have her works published...

, Tom Wolfe

Tom Wolfe

Thomas Kennerly "Tom" Wolfe, Jr. is a best-selling American author and journalist. He is one of the founders of the New Journalism movement of the 1960s and 1970s.-Early life and education:...

, Allen Ginsberg

Allen Ginsberg

Irwin Allen Ginsberg was an American poet and one of the leading figures of the Beat Generation in the 1950s. He vigorously opposed militarism, materialism and sexual repression...

, Louise Erdrich

Louise Erdrich

Karen Louise Erdrich, known as Louise Erdrich, is an author of novels, poetry, and children's books featuring Native American heritage. She is widely acclaimed as one of the most significant writers of the second wave of what critic Kenneth Lincoln has called the Native American Renaissance...

, Chuck Klosterman

Chuck Klosterman

Charles John "Chuck" Klosterman is an American author and essayist who has written for The New York Times Magazine, The Believer, and The Washington Post, and has written books focusing on American popular culture....

, and Gary Snyder

Gary Snyder

Gary Snyder is an American poet , as well as an essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist . Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry...

. A film festival is held in conjunction with the conference.

Media

The Dakota Student
Dakota Student
The Dakota Student is the student-run newspaper publication of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The newspaper was first published in 1888, but went through several short lived name changes. It grew out of a publication of the UND Adelphi Literary Society named The...

is UND's student newspaper. Students, along with staff at the UND TV Center, put on a live weekly television show called Studio One that is broadcast throughout the region. Dimensions, a twice-yearly promotional publication, features stories on faculty, staff, and the University. The University Letter serves as the faculty and staff newsletter of UND. The Alumni Review is published by the UND Alumni Association and Foundation. The North Dakota Quarterly, a literary journal, is edited at UND. The North Dakota Law Review, published by the School of Law

University of North Dakota School of Law

since 1924, serves as the journal of the State Bar Association of North Dakota. UND currently owns two public radio stations: KUND-FM and KFJM

KFJM

KFJM is a public radio station in Grand Forks, North Dakota airing an adult album alternative format with news in the mornings, jazz in the late evenings and blues and folk on the weekends....

. KUND-FM rebroadcasts the Prairie Public radio network, which also carries National Public Radio programming. KFJM broadcasts some Prairie Public and NPR programming, but also broadcasts some locally-produced programs. KFJM was one of the first college radio stations in the United States and is the second oldest station in North Dakota. UND operates two local cable television channels. One operates as an information billboard and also features a weekly student-produced news program entitled Studio One. The other channel, The Fighting Sioux Sports Network

Fighting Sioux Sports Network

The Fighting Sioux Sports Network is a local cable channel operated in Grand Forks, North Dakota by the University of North Dakota in conjunction with WDAZ-TV also based in Grand Forks...

, is operated in conjunction with local ABC

American Broadcasting Company

The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...

affiliate WDAZ-TV

WDAZ-TV

WDAZ-TV, channel 8, is an ABC affiliate located in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The station serves the northern half of the Fargo-Grand Forks television market. The station also has significant viewership in southern Manitoba, Canada including Winnipeg and Steinbach as it is carried on cable. WDAZ is...

. FSSN broadcasts all home hockey games and several away games each year. It also broadcasts several football and basketball games during the school year. The Fighting Sioux Sports Network is carried on cable television in North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota by Midcontinent Communications

Midcontinent Communications

Midcontinent Communications is a regional cable provider, providing a triple play service of cable television, cable modem Internet service, and cable telephone service for both North Dakota and South Dakota, along with several communities in western Minnesota...

. It is also available throughout the entire North American continent via Free-To-Air

Free-to-air

Free-to-air describes television and radio services broadcast in clear form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscription or one-off fee...

satellite. The campus residence halls include a movie channel, Residence Life Cinema, on cable channel 17. The University separately licenses movies for showing on this channel.

Fighting Sioux nickname controversy

On May 14, 2009, The North Dakota State Board of Higher Education approved a motion to retire The University of North Dakota’s Sioux nickname and logo, unless the university received approval by both of the state's Sioux tribes to continue using the nickname and logo by October 1, 2009, with full retirement to be completed no later than October 1, 2010. The Spirit Lake Sioux Tribe held a referendum vote to either approve or deny continued use of the nickname and logo, the Spirit Lake tribe voted giving overwhelming support for UND to continue to use the name. Ultimately lacking the support from Standing Rock Sioux Tribe as the Standing Rock Sioux tribal council voted down approving to allow the Standing Rock Tribal Members a chance to vote. On March 22nd 2010 a petition with 1004 signatures asking for a referendum vote, was denied. Tribal council members have refused to recognize or uphold the 1969 ceremony. In 1969 , then Tribal Chairman Aljoe Agard sent a delegation to UND, where a naming ceremony was held on campus giving UND the right to use the name, in exchange for educational benefits for the tribes members. There has not been a referendum vote held on Standing Rock. on April 8, 2010 the North Dakota State Board of Higher Education approved a motion to retire the Fighting Sioux nickname. The 2011 North Dakota Legislature passed House Bill 1263, which mandated the fighting sioux name be retained. The Law to keep the name and logo goes into affect August 1st 2011. The NCAA has not recognized the Spirit Lake vote and continues to hold their position on their policy ruling. The NCAA scheduled a meeting to be held at Bismarack ND, when the NCAA found North Dakota had an open meetings law, the meeting was cancelled and is rescheduled to be held at indiana. Neither of the tribes were invited to this meeting. While a new nickname has yet to be chosen, the school has set a June 30th 2011 deadline for retailers to sell off the last of their Sioux logo merchandise.

Notable people and alumni

Alumni of the University of North Dakota have become notable in a variety of different fields including politics and government, business, science, literature, arts and entertainment, and athletics. Eight Governors of North Dakota

Governor of North Dakota

The Governor of North Dakota is the chief executive of North Dakota. The current Governor is Jack Dalrymple. The Governor has the right to sign and laws, and to call the Legislative Assembly, into emergency session. The Governor is also chairman of the North Dakota Industrial Commission. The...

were educated at UND, including Fred G. Aandahl

Fred G. Aandahl

Fred George Aandahl was an Republican politician from North Dakota. He served as the 23rd Governor of North Dakota from 1945 to 1951 and as a U.S. Representative from 1951 to 1953.-Biography:...

, Louis B. Hanna, Lynn Frazier

Lynn Frazier

Lynn Joseph Frazier was a politician from North Dakota, serving as a U.S. Senator from 1923 to 1941 and the 12th Governor of North Dakota of that state from 1917 until being recalled in 1921. He was the first American governor ever successfully recalled from office...

, William Langer

William Langer

William "Wild Bill" Langer was a prominent US politician from North Dakota. Langer is one of the most colorful characters in North Dakota history, most famously bouncing back from a scandal that forced him out of the governor's office and into prison. He served as the 17th and 21st Governor of...

, John Moses

John Moses

John Moses was the 22nd Governor of North Dakota from 1939 to 1945, and served in the United States Senate in 1945 until his death that year.-Biography:...

, Ragnvald A. Nestos

Ragnvald A. Nestos

Ragnvald Anderson Nestos was the 13th Governor of the U.S. state of North Dakota from 1921 through 1925.-Biography:...

, Allen I. Olson

Allen I. Olson

Allen Ingvar Olson is a Republican politician and attorney who served as the 28th Governor of North Dakota from 1981 to 1985. He defeated incumbent Arthur A. Link in the 1980 race for governor and served one term....

, and Ed Schafer, who was also the US Secretary of Agriculture from 2008–2009. Many U.S. Senators and Representatives of North Dakota were also graduates of UND, including former Senator Byron Dorgan

Byron Dorgan

Byron Leslie Dorgan is a former United States Senator from North Dakota and is now a senior policy advisor for a Washington, DC law firm. He is a member of the North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party, the North Dakota affiliate of the Democratic Party. In the Senate, he was Chairman of the Democratic...

and former Representative Earl Pomeroy

Earl Pomeroy

Earl Pomeroy is a lobbyist and former U.S. Representative for , serving from 1993 until 2011. He is a member of the North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party.- Early life, education and career :...

. Former United States House of Representatives Majority Leader

Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives

Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot and are also known as floor leaders. The U.S. House of Representatives does not officially use the term "Minority Leader", although the media frequently does...

Dick Armey

Richard Keith "Dick" Armey is a former U.S. Representative from Texas's and House Majority Leader . He was one of the engineers of the "Republican Revolution" of the 1990s, in which Republicans were elected to majorities of both houses of Congress for the first time in four decades. Armey was...

is a UND graduate. Ronald Davies

Ronald Davies (judge)

Ronald Norwood Davies was a federal judge for the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota...

, a UND graduate and former federal judge, became a part of history when he ordered the integration of Little Rock Central High School during the American Civil Rights Movement

African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)

The African-American Civil Rights Movement refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights to them. This article covers the phase of the movement between 1955 and 1968, particularly in the South...

. UND alumni who went on to notable careers in the business world include current president and CEO of Cargill

Cargill

Cargill, Incorporated is a privately held, multinational corporation based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. Founded in 1865, it is now the largest privately held corporation in the United States in terms of revenue. If it were a public company, it would rank, as of 2011, number 13 on the Fortune 500,...

Gregory R. Page

Gregory R. Page is the president and CEO of Cargill, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. He joined Cargill in 1974, and has served in various worldwide posts for the company, including serving as the corporate vice president of Excel Corporation , before becoming to its CEO...

, current president and CEO of the Buffalo Wild Wings

Buffalo Wild Wings

Buffalo Wild Wings Grill & Bar is a casual dining restaurant and sports bar franchise in the United States that is known for its Buffalo wings.-History:...

restaurant chain Sally J. Smith

Sally J. Smith

Sally J. Smith is President and Chief Executive Officer of Buffalo Wild Wings, Inc.-Biography:Sally Smith was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. She is a graduate of the University of North Dakota earning a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and Accounting.Smith has experience with...

, current CEO of Forum Communications

Forum Communications

Forum Communications Company is a media firm based in Fargo, North Dakota. The company prints a number of newspapers in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, including The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead....

William C. Marcil

William C. Marcil is a North Dakota businessman in the state's newspaper industry. Marcil was born in Rolette, North Dakota in 1936. He graduated from the University of North Dakota, where he was a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity, in 1958. He then married Jane Black, daughter of Norman Black,...

, former Las Vegas

Las Vegas, Nevada

Las Vegas is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and is also the county seat of Clark County, Nevada. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city for gambling, shopping, and fine dining. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous...

casino owner and UND philanthropist Ralph Engelstad

Ralph Engelstad

Ralph Engelstad was the multi-millionaire owner of the Imperial Palace casino-hotels in Las Vegas and in Biloxi, Mississippi and the Klondike Hotel & Casino...

, former President and CEO of Jossey-Bass Publishers Lynn D. W. Luckow,Founder and President of Summit Brewing Company Mark O. Stutrud, and former CEO of American Skandia

Skandia

Skandia is a Swedish insurance company that was started in 1855. It has operations in Europe, Latin America, Asia and Australia. Skandia also operates an internet bank called Skandiabanken....

and founder of WealthVest Marketing Wade Dokken

Wade Dokken (author)

Wade Dokken is an American financial writer and businessman.Wade Dokken was raised in rural North Dakota and attended the University of North Dakota, where he studied political science and journalism. After graduating, Dokken became an account executive at Paine Webber...

.

In the realm of science, notable UND alumni include important contributor to information theory

Information theory

Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering involving the quantification of information. Information theory was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and...

Harry Nyquist

Harry Nyquist was an important contributor to information theory.-Personal life:...

, pioneer aviator

Aviator

An aviator is a person who flies an aircraft. The first recorded use of the term was in 1887, as a variation of 'aviation', from the Latin avis , coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne...

Carl Ben Eielson

Carl Eielson

Carl Benjamin Eielson was an aviator, bush pilot and explorer.-Background:He was born in Hatton, North Dakota to Norwegian immigrants. His interest in aviation went back to his childhood. Following America’s entry into World War I, Eielson found his chance to become an aviator. Eielson learned to...

, Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson

Vilhjalmur Stefansson

Vilhjalmur Stefansson was a Canadian Arctic explorer and ethnologist.-Early life:Stefansson, born William Stephenson, was born at Gimli, Manitoba, Canada, in 1879. His parents had emigrated from Iceland to Manitoba two years earlier...

, engineer and 2008 IEEE-USA president Russell Lefevre, NASA astronaut Karen L. Nyberg

Karen L. Nyberg

Karen LuJean Nyberg is an American mechanical engineer and NASA astronaut. Nyberg was the 50th woman in space.-Personal:...

, and leading NASA manager John H. Disher

John H. Disher

John Howard Disher was an American aeronautical engineer and NASA manager.For most of his life he worked for NASA during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle projects....

Alumni who have become notable through literature include the Pulitzer Prize

Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prize is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American publisher Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City...

-winning playwright and author Maxwell Anderson

Maxwell Anderson

James Maxwell Anderson was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist and lyricist.-Early years:Anderson was born in Atlantic, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children to William Lincoln "Link" Anderson, a Baptist minister, and Charlotte Perrimela Stephenson, both of Scots and Irish descent...

, Rhodes scholar

Rhodes Scholarship

The Rhodes Scholarship, named after Cecil Rhodes, is an international postgraduate award for study at the University of Oxford. It was the first large-scale programme of international scholarships, and is widely considered the "world's most prestigious scholarship" by many public sources such as...

and poet Thomas McGrath

Thomas McGrath (poet)

Thomas Matthew McGrath, was a celebrated American poet....

, essayist and journalist Chuck Klosterman

Chuck Klosterman

, and novelist Jon Hassler

Jon Hassler

Jon Hassler was an American writer and teacher known for his novels about small-town life in Minnesota. He held the positions of Regents Professor Emeritus and Writer-in-Residence at St...

. UND graduates have become editors of major magazines: Carroll Eugene Simcox

Carroll Eugene Simcox

Carroll Eugene Simcox was an American Episcopal priest and editor of The Living Church magazine. Simcox was born in Lisbon, North Dakota and educated at the University of North Dakota. He was ordained deacon in 1937 and priest in 1938. He was rector of Zion Episcopal Church, Manchester, Vermont,...

of The Living Church

The Living Church

The Living Church is a biweekly magazine based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin providing commentary and news information on the Episcopal Church in the United States...

, former Ebony
Ebony (magazine)
Ebony, a monthly magazine for the African-American market, was founded by John H. Johnson and has published continuously since the autumn of 1945...

editor Era Bell Thompson

Era Bell Thompson

Era Bell Thompson was a graduate of the University of North Dakota and an editor of Ebony magazine. She was also a recipient of the governor of North Dakota's Roughrider Award...

and former LIFE
Life (magazine)
Life generally refers to three American magazines:*A humor and general interest magazine published from 1883 to 1936. Time founder Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936 solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name....

editor Edward K. Thompson

Edward K. Thompson

Edward Kramer Thompson was an American writer and editor. The Smithsonian Magazine called him "one of the great editors of the last half [of the 20th] century." He was the editor of LIFE from its early days as a weekly and was the founding editor of Smithsonian Magazine.-Biography:Thompson was...

. Alumni who have become notable in arts and entertainment include actor Sam Anderson

Sam Anderson

Sam Anderson is an American actor.-Early life:Anderson was born in Wahpeton, North Dakota. He is a graduate of the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks. During the 1970s, Sam taught drama at Antelope Valley College in Lancaster, California.-Career:Anderson is perhaps best known for his roles...

and America's Next Top Model
America's Next Top Model
America's Next Top Model is a reality television show in which a number of women compete for the title of America's Next Top Model and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry....

winner Nicole Linkletter

Nicole Linkletter

Nicole Linkletter is an American fashion model, winner of Cycle 5 of America's Next Top Model.-America's Next Top Model:Linkletter appeared in Cycle 5 of the show after auditioning for the show at the Mall of America...

. Former UND students who have gone on to notable careers in athletics include former NBA

National Basketball Association

player and current NBA coach Phil Jackson

Phil Jackson

, ice hockey player who played in the 1980 Winter Olympics "Miracle on Ice

Miracle on Ice

The "Miracle on Ice" is the name in American popular culture for a medal-round men's ice hockey game during the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York, on Friday, February 22...

" game Dave Christian

Dave Christian

David William Christian is a retired American professional ice hockey forward, who comes from a family of hockey players. His father Bill and uncle Roger were members of the 1960 U.S. Olympic Hockey Team that won the gold medal. Another uncle, Gordon, was a member of the 1956 U.S. Olympic Hockey...

, NHL professional ice hockey players Ed Belfour

Ed Belfour

, Tony Hrkac

Tony Hrkac

Anthony J. "Tony" Hrkac is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who played eighteen season of professional hockey. He is currently head coach of the Concordia University Men's Ice Hockey Team.-College:...

, Jonathan Toews

Jonathan Toews

– captain of the Chicago Blackhawks

Chicago Blackhawks

, Zach Parise

Zach Parise

Zachary Justin Parise is an American professional ice hockey left winger of French-Canadian origin and captain of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League . Parise's father, J. P...

– New Jersey Devils

New Jersey Devils

, Travis Zajac

Travis Zajac

– New Jersey Devils

New Jersey Devils

, T.J. Oshie – St. Louis Blues, Ryan Bayda

Ryan Bayda

Ryan Bayda is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who currently plays for the Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.-Playing career:...

– Pittsburgh Penguins

Pittsburgh Penguins

The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league's original...

, Drew Stafford

Drew Stafford

Drew Stafford is an American ice hockey forward, an alternate captain for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League . He started playing hockey at an early age and played for the Waukesha Warhawks in Waukesha, Wisconsin, playing with local area legends Todd Rose and Damian Carrasco-Zanini...

– Buffalo Sabres

Buffalo Sabres

The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo, New York. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League .-Founding and early success: 1970-71—1980-81:...

, Brian Lee – Ottawa Senators

Ottawa Senators

The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...

, Matt Smaby

Matt Smaby

Matt Smaby is a defenseman for the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL.-Playing career:Smaby was drafted 41st overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Tampa Bay Lightning. Smaby had a 3-year collegiate career with the University of North Dakota. He made his pro debut during the 2006–07 season he played for...

– Tampa Bay Lightning

Tampa Bay Lightning

The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa, Florida. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League . They have one Stanley Cup championship in their history, in 2003–04. They are often referred to as the...

, Matt Jones – Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto Maple Leafs

The Toronto Maple Leafs are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...

, Mike Commodore

Mike Commodore

Michael Commodore is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League .-Playing career:...

– Columbus Blue Jackets

Columbus Blue Jackets

The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio, United States. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League...

, Jason Blake – Anaheim Ducks

Anaheim Ducks

The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim, California, USA. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League...

, Ryan Johnson – Vancouver Canucks

Vancouver Canucks

The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, :British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena, formerly known as General Motors Place,...

, NFL professional football player Jim Kleinsasser

Jim Kleinsasser

Jim Carter Kleinsasser is an American Football player who currently plays fullback, H-back, and tight end for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League. Sometimes referred to as Jim Clank Clank.-High school:...

– Minnesota Vikings

Minnesota Vikings

The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Vikings joined the National Football League as an expansion team in 1960...

. Professional Footballer Weston Dressler

Weston Dressler

Weston Dressler is a professional Canadian football slotback for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. He was signed by the Roughriders as a street free agent in 2008. He played college football for the North Dakota Fighting Sioux.-Early years:Dressler was born in Bismarck,...

Saskatchewan Roughriders

The Saskatchewan Roughriders are a Canadian Football League team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. They were founded in 1910. They play their home games at 2940 10th Avenue in Regina, which has been the team's home base for its entire history, even prior to the construction of Mosaic Stadium at Taylor...

External links

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