Russian federal highways
Encyclopedia
Russian federal highways ( or Avtomobil'nye dorogi federal'nogo znacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, meaning "Highway
s of federal importance in Russian Federation") are the most important highways in Russia which are the federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal.
The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories: "motorways/Avtomagistral" and "other".
Access roads to ports, airports and railroad stations from cities Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
, Anadyr
, Dudinka
, Naryan-Mar
, Salekhard
, Khanty-Mansiysk
and from the urban-type settlement
s of Palana
and Tura.
Highway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
s of federal importance in Russian Federation") are the most important highways in Russia which are the federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal.
- All highways
- which connect MoscowMoscowMoscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
with the capitals of the neighbouring countries and with the administrative centres of the subjects of the Russian Federation. They are identified by the prefix "M" in the national route signs; - which are parts of the international road networks: EuropeanInternational E-road networkThe international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe . The network is numbered from E 1 up and its roads cross national borders...
and AsianAsian Highway NetworkThe Asian Highway project, also known as the Great Asian Highway, is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and Europe and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific , to improve the highway systems in Asia...
, identified by prefixes "E" and "AH" in the international route signs used simultaneously with the national route signs.
- which connect Moscow
- Some highways
- which connect administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation with each other (national route sign prefix "P")
- which are branching and bridging roads (national prefix "A"):
- access roads that lead to major transportation nodes and special objects
- access roads from the administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation which has no highway connection with Moscow to the nearest sea and river ports and to the international borders.
- which interlink other federal highways.
The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories: "motorways/Avtomagistral" and "other".
Original list
In the order of the 1991 document::- M-13: BryanskBryanskBryansk is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Moscow. Population: -History:The first written mention of Bryansk was in 1146, in the Hypatian Codex, as Debryansk...
- NovozybkovNovozybkovNovozybkov is a historical town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. Population: -History:It was founded in 1701 and granted town status in 1809. Novozybkov was a major hemp supplier in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly for the production of ropes for the Russian Navy...
to the border with BelarusBelarusBelarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
(onto Gomel, PinskPinskPinsk , a town in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pripyat, at the confluence of the Strumen and Pina rivers. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk. It is a fertile agricultural center. It lies south-west of Minsk. The population is about 130,000...
, KobrynKobrynKobryn or Kobrin is a city in the Brest voblast of Belarus and the center of the Kobryn Raion. The city is located in the southwestern corner of Belarus where the Mukhavets River and Dnepr-Bug Canal meet. The city lies about 52 km east of the city of Brest. Kobryn is located at Latitude...
) - M-19: NovoshakhtinskNovoshakhtinskNovoshakhtinsk is a mining city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the border with Ukraine. Population:...
- Maisky (from KievKievKiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
through PoltavaPoltavaPoltava is a city in located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast , as well as the surrounding Poltava Raion of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 298,652 ....
, KharkivKharkivKharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
) from the border with UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
to route M4 "Don"M4 highway (Russia)The Russian route M4 is a major trunk road that links Moscow to Rostov-on-the-Don. Its length is 1164 kilometres.... - M-20M20 highway (Russia)Russian route M20 or Pskov Highway is a Russian federal motorway St.Petersburg—Pskov—border with Belarus. It is part of the European route E95. Since Soviet times it is sometimes called "Kiev Highway"....
: Saint PetersburgSaint PetersburgSaint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
- PskovPskovPskov is an ancient city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located in the northwest of Russia about east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: -Early history:...
- PustoshkaPustoshkaPustoshka is a town and the administrative center of Pustoshkinsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Krupeya River, southeast of Pskov. It is a station on the Moscow–Riga railway. Population:...
- NevelNevelNevel is a town and the administrative center of Nevelsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on Lake Nevel southeast of Pskov. Population:...
- borderBorderBorders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states and other subnational entities. Some borders—such as a state's internal administrative borders, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Area—are open and...
with Belarus - M-21: VolgogradVolgogradVolgograd , formerly called Tsaritsyn and Stalingrad is an important industrial city and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is long, north to south, situated on the western bank of the Volga River...
- Kamensk-ShakhtinskyKamensk-ShakhtinskyKamensk-Shakhtinsky is a town in Rostov Oblast, located on the Seversky Donets River. It was founded by Cossack settlers in 1686 and was granted town status in 1927...
to the border with UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
(onto DnipropetrovskDnipropetrovskDnipropetrovsk or Dnepropetrovsk formerly Yekaterinoslav is Ukraine's third largest city with one million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country...
, ChişinăuChisinauChișinău is the capital and largest municipality of Moldova. It is also its main industrial and commercial centre and is located in the middle of the country, on the river Bîc...
) - M-23: Rostov-on-DonRostov-on-Don-History:The mouth of the Don River has been of great commercial and cultural importance since the ancient times. It was the site of the Greek colony Tanais, of the Genoese fort Tana, and of the Turkish fortress Azak...
- TaganrogTaganrogTaganrog is a seaport city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. Population: -History of Taganrog:...
to the border with Ukraine (onto KharkivKharkivKharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
, OdessaOdessaOdessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
) - M-25: NovorossiyskNovorossiyskNovorossiysk is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is the country's main port on the Black Sea and the leading Russian port for importing grain. It is one of the few cities honored with the title of the Hero City. Population: -History:...
- Kerch Strait (onto SimferopolSimferopol-Russian Empire and Civil War:The city was renamed Simferopol in 1784 after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia. The name Simferopol is derived from the Greek, Συμφερόπολις , translated as "the city of usefulness." In 1802, Simferopol became the...
) - M-27M27 highway (Russia)The Russian route M27 is a Russian federal highway, a mountain highway that runs along the coast of the Black Sea in Krasnodar Krai from Novorossiysk through Gelendzhik, Tuapse, and Greater Sochi to Adler. The road terminates at Russia's border with Georgia....
: DzhubgaDzhubgaDzhubga is a seaside resort settlement in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located west of Tuapse. Population: The name originated from the indigenous people of Dzhubga, the Shapsug, who are a subgroup of the Adyghe...
- SochiSochiSochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
to the border with AbkhaziaAbkhaziaAbkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
/GeorgiaGeorgia (country)Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
(disputed) (onto TbilisiTbilisiTbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
, BakuBakuBaku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
) - M-32: SamaraSamara, RussiaSamara , is the sixth largest city in Russia. It is situated in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara Rivers. Samara is the administrative center of Samara Oblast. Population: . The metropolitan area of Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran within Samara Oblast...
- Bol. Chernigovka to the border with KazakhstanKazakhstanKazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
(onto OralOral, KazakhstanOral , Uralsk in Russian, formerly known as Yaitsk , is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan Rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western side of the Ural river, it is considered geographically in Europe. It has a population of 350,000...
, AktobeAktobeAktobe , formerly known as Aktyubinsk , is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan. With a population of 277,700, it is the capital of Aktobe Province. Aktobe has a mixed ethnic community, including Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Uyghurs, Chechens, Armenians, Jews and Greeks...
, Kyzylorda, ShymkentShymkentShymkent , formerly known as Chimkent , is the capital city of South Kazakhstan Province, the most populated region in Kazakhstan. It is the third most populous city in Kazakhstan behind Almaty and Astana with a population of 629,600 . A major railroad junction on the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, the...
) - M-36: ChelyabinskChelyabinskChelyabinsk is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northwestern side of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River. Population: -History:...
- TroitskTroitsk, Chelyabinsk OblastTroitsk is a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the southern Ural Mountains and approximately south of Chelyabinsk. It stands on the east-flowing Uy River, a branch of the Tobol River. Population: 83,862 ; -History:...
to the border with Kazakhstan (onto KostanayKostanayKostanay , formerly known as Kustanay and Nikolayevsk , is a city located in the northern part of Kazakhstan at the Tobol River. The population living in Kostanay is 301,317 people. Kostanay is the capital of Kostanay Province.-Public institutions:In Kostanay there are 8 higher educational...
, KaragandaKaragandaKaragandy , more commonly known by its Russian name Karaganda, , is the capital of Karagandy Province in Kazakhstan. It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty , Astana and Shymkent, with a population of 471,800 . In the 1940s up to 70% of the city's inhabitants were ethnic...
, BalqashBalqashBalkhash is a city of 66,724 inhabitants at Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan.Balkhash was founded in 1937 as an industrial city centred around the mining and smelting of copper, and presently copper is still exploited there...
, AlmatyAlmatyAlmaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...
) - M-38: OmskOmsk-History:The wooden fort of Omsk was erected in 1716 to protect the expanding Russian frontier along the Ishim and the Irtysh rivers against the Kyrgyz nomads of the Steppes...
- CherlakCherlak, Omsk OblastCherlak is an urban locality and the administrative center of Cherlaksky District of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Irtysh River, southeast of Omsk. Population: -Economy:...
to the border with Kazakhstan (onto PavlodarPavlodarPavlodar is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Province. It is located 350 km northeast of the national capital Astana, and 400 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331710...
, SemeySemeySemey , formerly known as Semipalatinsk and Alash-kala , is a city in Kazakhstan, in the northeastern province of East Kazakhstan, near the border with Siberia, around north of Almaty, and southeast of the Russian city of Omsk, along the Irtysh River.-History:The first settlement was in 1718,...
, Maikapchagai)) - A-101 Moscow-Maloyaroslavets-Roslavl to the border with the Republic of Belarus (Bobruisk, Slutsk)
- A-113: Kostroma-Ivanovo
- A-114: Vologda - Novaya Ladoga-up line "Cola" (in Tikhvin)
- A-116: Novgorod-Pskov (in Soltsy, Porkhov)
- IP-56
- A-141: Orel-Bryansk highway to "Ukraine"
- A-141: Bryansk, Smolensk, to the border with the Republic of Belarus (in, Rudnev, in Vitebsk), Entrance to the city of Smolensk
- A-142: Trosna-Kalinovka
- A-144: Kursk-Voronezh-Borisoglebsk to, highways, "Caspian"
- A-151: Tsivilsk-Ulyanovsk
- A-154: Astrakhan, Elista, Stavropol
- A-166: Chita-Zabaikalsk, to the border with China, the Republic of
- A-212: Pskov Izborsk to the border with the Republic of Estonia,, Coy (in Riga)
- A-216: Gvardeisk-Niemen, to the border with the Republic of Lithuania, Coy (via Siauliai, Jelgava)
- A-229 Kaliningrad-Chernyakhovsk-Nesterov, to the border with the Republic of Lithuania, Coy (in Vilnius, Minsk, magist-, ral "Belarus")
- A-349: Barnaul, Rubtsovsk, to the border with the Republic of Ka, zahstan (by Semipalatinsk)
- 1 R-92: Kaluga-Przemysl-Belev-Eagle
- 1 F-119: Eagle-Livny, Elec-Lipetsk, Tambov
- 1 F-132: Kaluga-Tula-Ryazan Mikhailov
- 1 F-156: Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas-Saransk
- 1 F-158: Penza, Saratov
- 1 F-175: Yoshkar-Ola to Zelenodolsk, highways, "Volga"
- 1 F-178: Saransk-Sura-Ulyanovsk
- 1 F-193: Voronezh, Tambov
- 1 F-208: Tambov-Saratov
- 1 F-209: Tambov, Penza
- 1 F-228: Syzran-Saratov-Volgograd
- 1 F-241: Kazan, Ulyanovsk-Buinsk
- 1 F-242: Perm-Ekaterinburg
- 1 F-253: Maikop, Ust-Labinsk Korenovsk
- 1 F-335: Orenburg Ilek, to the border with the Republic of Kazakhstan (for Oral)
- 1 F-344: NYTVA-Kudymkar
- 1 F-351: Yekaterinburg-Tyumen
- 1 F-354: Ekaterinburg, Kurgan-Shadrinsk
- 1 F-402: Tyumen-Yalutorovsk-Ishim-Omsk
- 1 F-418: Irkutsk Ust-Orda
- 1 F-488: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Korsakov
- -: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk-KholmskYuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Kholmsk
Access roads to ports, airports and railroad stations from cities Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the main city and the administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia. Population: .-History:It was founded by Danish navigator Vitus Bering, in the service of the Russian Navy...
, Anadyr
Anadyr (town)
Anadyr is a port town and the administrative centre of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the extreme north-eastern region of Russia. It is at the mouth of the Anadyr River, on the tip of the southern promontory that sticks out into Anadyrskiy Liman...
, Dudinka
Dudinka
Dudinka is a town and the administrative center of Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It was the administrative center of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug, which was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai on January 1, 2007. It is a port in the lower reaches of the Yenisei River,...
, Naryan-Mar
Naryan-Mar
Naryan-Mar is a sea and river port town and the administrative center of Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The town is situated on the right bank of the Pechora River, upstream from the river's mouth, on the Barents Sea. Naryan-Mar lies north of the Arctic Circle, south of Andeg and east of...
, Salekhard
Salekhard
-International relations:-Twin towns/sister cities:Salekhard is twinned with:*Azov, Rostov Oblast, Russia-External links:*...
, Khanty-Mansiysk
Khanty-Mansiysk
Khanty-Mansiysk experiences a subarctic climate . The climate is extreme, with temperatures as low as -49 C° and as high as 34.5 C°. On average, however, the region is very cold, with an average tempurature of -1.1 C°...
and from the urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
s of Palana
Palana
Palana is an urban locality and the administrative center of Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It is located on the west coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula on the right bank of the Palana River, within from the Sea of Okhotsk. Population: Administratively, Palana is subordinated to Tigilsky...
and Tura.
Recent additions
- Уфа - Оренбург и Западный обход г. Уфы. (published December 24, 2008, to be in force since January 1, 2010)