, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject
of Russia
. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost city on Earth
to have a population above 10,000,000, the most populous city in Europe
, and the sixth largest city proper in the world.
1408 Emir Edigu of Golden Horde reaches Moscow.
1612 (22 October O.S.) Time of Troubles in Russia: Moscow, Kitai-gorod, is captured by Russian troops under command of Dmitry Pozharsky
1708 Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish empire ceases to be a major power.
1752 A devastating fire destroys one-third of Moscow, including 18,000 homes.
1812 Napoleonic Wars: French grenadiers enter Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.
1812 The French army under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.
1812 Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
1812 Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes place near Moscow.
1876 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Slavonic March is given its première performance in Moscow.
1877 Tchaikovsky's ballet ''Swan Lake'' receives its première performance at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.