The List of World Health Organization Essential Medicines is a model list of essential medicines

Essential medicines

Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford."The WHO...

 created by the World Health Organization

World Health Organization

The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...

.
This list is based on the 15th edition (March 2007).

The list was first published in 1977. The 16th edition for adults and the second edition for children were released in March 2009.
The 17th edition for adults and the third edition for children were released in March 2011.

General anesthetics and oxygen

• Halothane
  Halothane
  Halothane is an inhalational general anesthetic. Its IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. It is the only inhalational anesthetic agent containing a bromine atom; there are several other halogenated anesthesia agents which lack the bromine atom and do contain the fluorine and...
  
  
• Ketamine
  Ketamine
  Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar. Pharmacologically, ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist...
  
  
• Nitrous oxide
  Nitrous oxide
  Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or sweet air, is a chemical compound with the formula . It is an oxide of nitrogen. At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic...
  
  
• Oxygen
  Oxygen
  Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
  
  
• Thiopental

Local anesthetics

• Bupivacaine
  Bupivacaine
  Bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. AstraZeneca commonly markets it under various trade names, including Marcain, Marcaine, Sensorcaine and Vivacaine.-Indications:...
  
  
• Ephedrine
  Ephedrine
  Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia....
  
   
• Lidocaine
  Lidocaine
  Lidocaine , Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery.- History :Lidocaine, the first amino...
  
  
• Lidocaine
  Lidocaine
  Lidocaine , Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery.- History :Lidocaine, the first amino...
  
   + epinephrine
  Epinephrine
  Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. In chemical terms, adrenaline is one of a group of monoamines called the catecholamines...
  
  

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

• Atropine
  Atropine
  Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects...
  
  
• Diazepam
  Diazepam
  Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine drug. Diazepam is also marketed in Australia as Antenex. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms , restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal,...
  
  
• Morphine
  Morphine
  Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...
  
  
• Promethazine
  Promethazine
  Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine of the phenothiazine family. The drug has anti-motion sickness, antiemetic, and anticholinergic effects, as well as a strong sedative effect and in some countries is prescribed for insomnia when benzodiazepines are contraindicated...
  
  

Analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, medicines used to treat gout and disease modifying agents in rheumatoid disorders

Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
  Aspirin
  Aspirin , also known as acetylsalicylic acid , is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. It was discovered by Arthur Eichengrun, a chemist with the German company Bayer...
  
  
• Ibuprofen
  Ibuprofen
  Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for relief of symptoms of arthritis, fever, as an analgesic , especially where there is an inflammatory component, and dysmenorrhea....
  
  
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
  Paracetamol
  Paracetamol INN , or acetaminophen USAN , is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic . It is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pains and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies...
  
  

Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

• Chloroquine
  Chloroquine
  Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline drug used in the treatment or prevention of malaria.-History:Chloroquine , N'--N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine, was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag and co-workers at the Bayer laboratories who named it "Resochin". It was ignored for a decade because it was...
  
  
• Azathioprine
  Azathioprine
  Azathioprine is a purine analogue immunosuppressive drug. It is used to prevent organ rejection following organ transplantation and to treat a vast array of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus, inflammatory bowel disease , multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, atopic...
  
   
• Methotrexate
  Methotrexate
  Methotrexate , abbreviated MTX and formerly known as amethopterin, is an antimetabolite and antifolate drug. It is used in treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for the induction of medical abortions. It acts by inhibiting the metabolism of folic acid. Methotrexate...
  
   
• Penicillamine
  Penicillamine
  Penicillamine is a pharmaceutical of the chelator class. It is sold under the trade names of Cuprimine and Depen. The pharmaceutical form is D-penicillamine, as L-penicillamine is toxic...
  
   
• Sulfasalazine 

Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis

• Chlorphenamine
  Chlorphenamine
  Chlorphenamine or chlorpheniramine , commonly marketed in the form of chlorpheniramine maleate , is a first-generation alkylamine antihistamine used in the prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria. Its sedative effects are relatively weak compared to other...
  
  
• Dexamethasone
  Dexamethasone
  Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant...
  
  
• Epinephrine
  Epinephrine
  Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. In chemical terms, adrenaline is one of a group of monoamines called the catecholamines...
  
   (adrenaline)
• Hydrocortisone
• Prednisolone
  Prednisolone
  Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone, which is also used as a drug.-Uses:Prednisolone is a corticosteroid drug with predominant glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity, making it useful for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions such as...
  
  

Specific

• Acetylcysteine
• Atropine
  Atropine
  Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects...
  
  
• Calcium gluconate
  Calcium gluconate
  Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement.-Hypocalcemia:10% calcium gluconate solution is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of hypocalcemia. This form of calcium is superior to calcium lactate, but it only contains 0.93% calcium ion. Calcium gluconate is a salt of calcium and...
  
  
• Deferoxamine
  Deferoxamine
  Deferoxamine is a bacterial siderophore produced by the actinobacteria Streptomyces pilosus. It has medical applications as a chelating agent used to remove excess iron from the body...
  
  
• Dimercaprol
  Dimercaprol
  Dimercaprol or British anti-Lewisite , is a compound developed by British biochemists at Oxford University during World War II. It was developed secretly as an antidote for lewisite, the now-obsolete arsenic-based chemical warfare agent. Today, it is used medically in treatment of arsenic,...
  
  
• DL-Methionine
• Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
• Naloxone
  Naloxone
  Naloxone is an opioid antagonist drug developed by Sankyo in the 1960s. Naloxone is a drug used to counter the effects of opiate overdose, for example heroin or morphine overdose. Naloxone is specifically used to counteract life-threatening depression of the central nervous system and respiratory...
  
  
• Penicillamine
  Penicillamine
  Penicillamine is a pharmaceutical of the chelator class. It is sold under the trade names of Cuprimine and Depen. The pharmaceutical form is D-penicillamine, as L-penicillamine is toxic...
  
  
• Potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate(II)
  Prussian blue
  Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment with the idealized formula Fe718. Another name for the color Prussian blue is Berlin blue or, in painting, Parisian blue. Turnbull's blue is the same substance but is made from different reagents....
  
   (Prussian blue)
• Sodium calcium edetate
• Sodium nitrite
  Sodium nitrite
  Sodium nitrite is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is a white to slight yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic...
  
  
• Sodium thiosulfate
  Sodium thiosulfate
  Sodium thiosulfate , also spelled sodium thiosulphate, is a colorless crystalline compound that is more familiar as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3•5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hyposulfite or “hypo.”...
  
  

Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics

• Carbamazepine
  Carbamazepine
  Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia...
  
  
• Diazepam
  Diazepam
  Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine drug. Diazepam is also marketed in Australia as Antenex. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms , restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal,...
  
  
• Ethosuximide
  Ethosuximide
  Ethosuximide is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used mainly in absence seizures.-Approved:It is approved for absence seizures. Ethosuximide is considered the first choice drug for treating absence seizures in part because it lacks the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of the alternative anti-absence...
  
  
• Magnesium sulfate
  Magnesium sulfate
  Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen, with the formula MgSO4. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate epsomite , commonly called Epsom salt, from the town of Epsom in Surrey, England, where the salt was distilled from the springs that arise where the...
  
  
• Phenobarbital
  Phenobarbital
  Phenobarbital or phenobarbitone is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Friedr. Bayer et comp. It is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide, and the oldest still commonly used. It also has sedative and hypnotic properties but, as with other barbiturates, has been superseded by the...
  
  
• Phenytoin
  Phenytoin
  Phenytoin sodium is a commonly used antiepileptic. Phenytoin acts to suppress the abnormal brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels...
  
  
• Valproic acid
  Valproic acid
  Valproic acid is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia...
  
  
• Sodium valproate
  Sodium valproate
  Sodium valproate or valproate sodium is the sodium salt of valproic acid and is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy, anorexia nervosa, panic attack, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, migraine and bipolar disorder, as well as other psychiatric conditions requiring...
  
  

Intestinal anthelminthics

• Albendazole
  Albendazole
  Albendazole, marketed as Albenza, Eskazole, Zentel and Andazol, is a member of the benzimidazole compounds used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations. Although this use is widespread in the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved...
  
  
• Levamisole
  Levamisole
  Levamisole is an anthelminthic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1966...
  
  
• Mebendazole
  Mebendazole
  Mebendazole or MBZ is a benzimidazole drug developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica and marketed as Vermox, Ovex, Antiox, and Pripsen...
  
  
• Niclosamide
  Niclosamide
  Niclosamide is a teniacide in the anthelmintic family especially effective against cestodes that infect humans...
  
  
• Praziquantel
  Praziquantel
  Praziquantel is an anthelmintic effective against flatworms. Praziquantel is not licensed for use in humans in the UK; it is, however, available as a veterinary anthelmintic, and is available for use in humans on a named-patient basis....
  
  
• Pyrantel
  Pyrantel
  Pyrantel is an antinematodal thiophene. It is often prescribed by veterinarians to treat and prevent the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small animal pets.-Mechanism of Action:Pyrantel is a nicotinic receptor agonist...
  
  

Antifilarials

• Diethylcarbamazine
  Diethylcarbamazine
  Diethylcarbamazine is an anthelmintic drug that does not resemble other antiparasitic compounds. It is a synthetic organic compound which is highly specific for several parasites and does not contain any toxic metallic elements.-Uses:...
  
   
• Ivermectin
• Suramin sodium 

Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicine

• Oxamniquine
  Oxamniquine
  Oxamniquine is an anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine is a potent single-dose agent for treatment of S...
  
   
• Praziquantel
  Praziquantel
  Praziquantel is an anthelmintic effective against flatworms. Praziquantel is not licensed for use in humans in the UK; it is, however, available as a veterinary anthelmintic, and is available for use in humans on a named-patient basis....
  
  
• Triclabendazole

Beta Lactam medicines

• Amoxicillin
  Amoxicillin
  Amoxicillin , formerly amoxycillin , and abbreviated amox, is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral...
  
  
• Ampicillin
  Ampicillin
  Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci...
  
  
• Benzathine benzylpenicillin
  Benzathine benzylpenicillin
  Benzathine benzylpenicillin is a form of penicillin also known as benzathine penicillin. It is slowly absorbed into the circulation, after intramuscular injection, and hydrolysed to benzylpenicillin in vivo...
  
  
• Benzylpenicillin
  Benzylpenicillin
  Benzylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin G, is the gold standard type of penicillin. 'G' in the name 'Penicillin G' refers to 'Gold Standard'. Penicillin G is typically given by a parenteral route of administration because it is unstable in the hydrochloric acid of the stomach...
  
  
• Cefazolin
  Cefazolin
  Cefazolin , also known as cefazoline or cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.The drug is usually administrated by either intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion .-Indications:Cefazolin is mainly used to treat bacterial infections of the skin...
  
  
• Cefixime
  Cefixime
  Cefixime is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefixime is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia; bronchitis; gonorrhea; and ear, lung, throat, and urinary tract infections...
  
  
• Ceftazidime
  Ceftazidime
  Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity...
  
   
• Ceftriaxone
  Ceftriaxone
  Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to cefotaxime in terms of safety and efficacy...
  
   
• Cloxacillin
  Cloxacillin
  Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic in the same class as penicillin. Cloxacillin was discovered and developed by Beecham. It is sold under a number of trade names, including Cloxapen, Cloxacap, Tegopen and Orbenin....
  
  
• Co-amoxiclav
  Co-amoxiclav
  Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or co-amoxiclav is a combination antibiotic consisting of amoxicillin trihydrate, a β-lactam antibiotic, and potassium clavulanate, a β-lactamase inhibitor...
  
   (amoxicillin
  Amoxicillin
  Amoxicillin , formerly amoxycillin , and abbreviated amox, is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral...
  
   + clavulanic acid
  Clavulanic acid
  Clavulanic acid is a competitive β-lactamase inhibitor combined with penicillin group antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. It is used to overcome resistance in bacteria that secrete β-lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins...
  
  )
• Imipenem/cilastatin
  Imipenem/cilastatin
  Imipenem/cilastatin is a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic containing equal quantities of imipenem and cilastatin. It is related to the penicillin/cephalosporin family of antibiotics but is classified as belonging to the carbapenem class.-Mechanism:It has the ability to kill a wide variety of...
  
   (Imipenem
  Imipenem
  Imipenem is an intravenous β-lactam antibiotic developed in 1980. It has an extremely broad spectrum of activity.Imipenem belongs to the subgroup of carbapenems. It is derived from a compound called thienamycin, which is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces cattleya...
  
   + cilastatin
  Cilastatin
  Cilastatin is a chemical compound which inhibits the human enzyme dehydropeptidase.Dehydropeptidase is found in the kidney and is responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore combined intravenously with imipenem in order to protect it from dehydropeptidase and prolong...
  
  )
• Phenoxymethylpenicillin
  Phenoxymethylpenicillin
  Phenoxymethylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin V, is a penicillin antibiotic that is orally active. It is less active than benzylpenicillin against Gram-negative bacteria. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is more acid-stable than benzylpenicillin, which allows it to be given orally...
  
  
• Procaine benzylpenicillin
  Procaine benzylpenicillin
  Procaine benzylpenicillin , also known as procaine penicillin, is a form of penicillin which is a combination of benzylpenicillin and the local anaesthetic agent procaine...
  
  

Other antibacterials

• Azithromycin
  Azithromycin
  Azithromycin is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. Azithromycin is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics...
  
  
• Chloramphenicol
  Chloramphenicol
  Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial that became available in 1949. It is considered a prototypical broad-spectrum antibiotic, alongside the tetracyclines, and as it is both cheap and easy to manufacture it is frequently found as a drug of choice in the third world.Chloramphenicol is...
  
  
• Ciprofloxacin
  Ciprofloxacin
  Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class.It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial. It kills bacteria by interfering with the enzymes that cause DNA to rewind after being copied, which stops synthesis of DNA and of...
  
  
• Clindamycin
  Clindamycin
  Clindamycin rINN is a lincosamide antibiotic. It is usually used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria but can also be used to treat some protozoal diseases, such as malaria...
  
   
• Co-trimoxazole
  Co-trimoxazole
  Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or co-trimoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in the ratio of 1 to 5, used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.The name co-trimoxazole is the British Approved Name, and has been marketed worldwide...
  
   (sulfamethoxazole
  Sulfamethoxazole
  Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic.It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with trimethoprim in a 5:1 ratio in co-trimoxazole , also known under trade names such as Bactrim, Septrin, or Septra; in Eastern Europe it is marketed as Biseptol...
  
   + trimethoprim
  Trimethoprim
  Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections.It belongs to the class of chemotherapeutic agents known as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors...
  
  )
• Doxycycline
  Doxycycline
  Doxycycline INN is a member of the tetracycline antibiotics group, and is commonly used to treat a variety of infections. Doxycycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline invented and clinically developed in the early 1960s by Pfizer Inc. and marketed under the brand name Vibramycin. Vibramycin...
  
  
• Erythromycin
  Erythromycin
  Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including mycoplasma and...
  
  
• Gentamicin
  Gentamicin
  Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, used to treat many types of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative organisms. However, gentamicin is not used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis or Legionella pneumophila...
  
  
• Metronidazole
  Metronidazole
  Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Metronidazole is an antibiotic, amebicide, and antiprotozoal....
  
  
• Nitrofurantoin
  Nitrofurantoin
  Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic which is marketed under the following brand names; Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin, Nitrofur Mac, Nitro Macro, Nifty-SR, Martifur-MR, Martifur-100 , Urantoin, and Uvamin . It is usually used in treating urinary tract infection...
  
  
• Spectinomycin
  Spectinomycin
  Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related to the aminoglycosides, produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis....
  
  
• Sulfadiazine
  Sulfadiazine
  Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic.-Uses:It eliminates bacteria that cause infections by stopping the production of folic acid inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections ....
  
   
• Trimethoprim
  Trimethoprim
  Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections.It belongs to the class of chemotherapeutic agents known as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors...
  
  
• Vancomycin
  Vancomycin
  Vancomycin INN is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It has traditionally been reserved as a drug of "last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed, although the emergence of...
  
   

Antituberculosis medicines

• Amikacin
  Amikacin
  Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.-Administration:Amikacin may be...
  
   
• p-aminosalicylic acid 
• Capreomycin
  Capreomycin
  Capreomycin is a peptide antibiotic, commonly grouped with the aminoglycosides, which is given in combination with other antibiotics for tuberculosis...
  
   
• Cycloserine
  Cycloserine
  Cycloserine is an antibiotic effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For the treatment of tuberculosis, it is classified as a second line drug, i.e...
  
   
• Ethambutol
  Ethambutol
  Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide....
  
  
• Ethionamide
  Ethionamide
  Ethionamide is an antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis.It is a prodrug.It has been proposed for use in combination with gatifloxacin.The action may be through disruption of mycolic acid.-Synthesis:...
  
   
• Isoniazid
  Isoniazid
  Isoniazid , also known as isonicotinylhydrazine , is an organic compound that is the first-line antituberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. It was first discovered in 1912, and later in 1951 it was found to be effective against tuberculosis by inhibiting its mycolic acid...
  
  
• Isoniazid
  Isoniazid
  Isoniazid , also known as isonicotinylhydrazine , is an organic compound that is the first-line antituberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. It was first discovered in 1912, and later in 1951 it was found to be effective against tuberculosis by inhibiting its mycolic acid...
  
   + ethambutol
  Ethambutol
  Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide....
  
  
• Kanamycin
  Kanamycin
  Kanamycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, available in oral, intravenous, and intramuscular forms, and used to treat a wide variety of infections. Kanamycin is isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus.-Mechanism:...
  
   
• Ofloxacin
  Ofloxacin
  Ofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class considered to be a second-generation fluoroquinolone. The original brand, Floxin, has been discontinued by the manufacturer in the United States on 18 June 2009, though generic equivalents continue to be...
  
   
• Pyrazinamide
  Pyrazinamide
  Pyrazinamide is a drug used to treat tuberculosis. The drug is largely bacteriostatic, but can be bacteriocidal on actively replicating tuberculosis bacteria.-Abbreviations:...
  
  
• Rifampicin
  Rifampicin
  Rifampicin or rifampin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group. It is a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica ...
  
  
• Rifampicin
  Rifampicin
  Rifampicin or rifampin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group. It is a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica ...
  
   + isoniazid
  Isoniazid
  Isoniazid , also known as isonicotinylhydrazine , is an organic compound that is the first-line antituberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. It was first discovered in 1912, and later in 1951 it was found to be effective against tuberculosis by inhibiting its mycolic acid...
  
  
• Rifampicin
  Rifampicin
  Rifampicin or rifampin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group. It is a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica ...
  
   + isoniazid
  Isoniazid
  Isoniazid , also known as isonicotinylhydrazine , is an organic compound that is the first-line antituberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. It was first discovered in 1912, and later in 1951 it was found to be effective against tuberculosis by inhibiting its mycolic acid...
  
   + ethambutol
  Ethambutol
  Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide....
  
  
• Rifampicin
  Rifampicin
  Rifampicin or rifampin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group. It is a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica ...
  
   + isoniazid
  Isoniazid
  Isoniazid , also known as isonicotinylhydrazine , is an organic compound that is the first-line antituberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. It was first discovered in 1912, and later in 1951 it was found to be effective against tuberculosis by inhibiting its mycolic acid...
  
   + pyrazinamide
  Pyrazinamide
  Pyrazinamide is a drug used to treat tuberculosis. The drug is largely bacteriostatic, but can be bacteriocidal on actively replicating tuberculosis bacteria.-Abbreviations:...
  
  
• Rifampicin
  Rifampicin
  Rifampicin or rifampin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group. It is a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica ...
  
   + isoniazid
  Isoniazid
  Isoniazid , also known as isonicotinylhydrazine , is an organic compound that is the first-line antituberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. It was first discovered in 1912, and later in 1951 it was found to be effective against tuberculosis by inhibiting its mycolic acid...
  
   + pyrazinamide
  Pyrazinamide
  Pyrazinamide is a drug used to treat tuberculosis. The drug is largely bacteriostatic, but can be bacteriocidal on actively replicating tuberculosis bacteria.-Abbreviations:...
  
   + ethambutol
  Ethambutol
  Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide....
  
  
• Streptomycin
  Streptomycin
  Streptomycin is an antibiotic drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis. It is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus. Streptomycin is a bactericidal antibiotic. Streptomycin cannot be given...
  
  

Antifungal medicines

• Amphotericin B
  Amphotericin B
  Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal drug, often used intravenously for systemic fungal infections...
  
   
• Clotrimazole
  Clotrimazole
  Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections such as vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, and ringworm...
  
  
• Fluconazole
  Fluconazole
  Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. In a bulk powder form, it appears as a white crystalline powder, and it is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. It is commonly marketed under the trade...
  
  
• Flucytosine
  Flucytosine
  Flucytosine, or 5-fluorocytosine, a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue, is a synthetic antimycotic drug.It is structurally related to the cytostatic fluorouracil and to floxuridine. It is available in oral and in some countries also in injectable form. A common brand name is Ancobon. Flucytosine was...
  
   
• Griseofulvin
  Griseofulvin
  Griseofulvin is an antifungal drug that is administered orally. It is used both in animals and in humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails...
  
  
• Nystatin
  Nystatin
  Nystatin is a polyene antifungal medication to which many molds and yeast infections are sensitive, including Candida. Due to its toxicity profile, there are currently no injectable formulations of this drug on the US market...
  
  
• Potassium iodide
  Potassium iodide
  Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KI. This white salt is the most commercially significant iodide compound, with approximately 37,000 tons produced in 1985. It is less hygroscopic than sodium iodide, making it easier to work with...
  
   

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Abacavir
  Abacavir
  Abacavir is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV and AIDS. It is available under the trade name Ziagen and in the combination formulations Trizivir and Kivexa/Epzicom...
  
   (ABC)
• Didanosine
  Didanosine
  Didanosine is sold under the trade names Videx and Videx EC. It is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, effective against HIV and used in combination with other antiretroviral drug therapy as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy .-History:The related pro-drug of didanosine,...
  
   (ddI)
• Emtricitabine
  Emtricitabine
  Emtricitabine , with trade name Emtriva , is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children....
  
   (FTC)
• Lamivudine
  Lamivudine
  Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor .It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline with the brand names Zeffix, Heptovir, Epivir, and Epivir-HBV.Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B at a lower dose than for treatment of HIV...
  
   (3TC)
• Stavudine
  Stavudine
  Stavudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor active against HIV.-History:...
  
   (d4T)
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
• Zidovudine
  Zidovudine
  Zidovudine or azidothymidine is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor , a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is an analog of thymidine....
  
   (ZDV or AZT)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Efavirenz
  Efavirenz
  Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1....
  
   (EGV or EFZ)
• Nevirapine (NVP)

Protease inhibitors

• Indinavir
  Indinavir
  Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV infection and AIDS.-History:...
  
   (IDV)
• Lopinavir
  Lopinavir
  Lopinavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir, under the trade names Kaletra and Aluvia ....
  
   + ritonavir
  Ritonavir
  Ritonavir, with trade name Norvir , is an antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS....
  
   (LPV/r)
• Nelfinavir
  Nelfinavir
  Nelfinavir is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus . Nelfinavir belongs to the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors and like other PIs is generally used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.Nelfinavir mesylate is a potent and orally...
  
   (NFV)
• Ritonavir
  Ritonavir
  Ritonavir, with trade name Norvir , is an antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS....
  
  
• Saquinavir
  Saquinavir
  Saquinavir is an antiretroviral drug used in HIV therapy. It falls in the protease inhibitor class. Two formulations have been marketed:*a hard-gel capsule formulation of the mesylate, with trade name Invirase, which requires combination with ritonavir to increase the saquinavir bioavailability;*a...
  
   (SQV)

Combination drugs

• Efavirenz
  Efavirenz
  Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1....
  
   + emtricitabine
  Emtricitabine
  Emtricitabine , with trade name Emtriva , is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children....
  
   + tenofovir
• Emtricitabine
  Emtricitabine
  Emtricitabine , with trade name Emtriva , is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children....
  
   + tenofovir
• Stavudine
  Stavudine
  Stavudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor active against HIV.-History:...
  
   + lamivudine
  Lamivudine
  Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor .It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline with the brand names Zeffix, Heptovir, Epivir, and Epivir-HBV.Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B at a lower dose than for treatment of HIV...
  
   + nevirapine
• Zidovudine
  Zidovudine
  Zidovudine or azidothymidine is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor , a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is an analog of thymidine....
  
   + lamivudine
  Lamivudine
  Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor .It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline with the brand names Zeffix, Heptovir, Epivir, and Epivir-HBV.Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B at a lower dose than for treatment of HIV...
  
  
• Zidovudine
  Zidovudine
  Zidovudine or azidothymidine is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor , a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is an analog of thymidine....
  
   + lamivudine
  Lamivudine
  Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor .It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline with the brand names Zeffix, Heptovir, Epivir, and Epivir-HBV.Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B at a lower dose than for treatment of HIV...
  
   + nevirapine

Antileishmaniasis medicines

• Amphotericin B
  Amphotericin B
  Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal drug, often used intravenously for systemic fungal infections...
  
   
• Meglumine antimoniate
  Meglumine antimoniate
  Meglumine antimoniate is a medicine used for treating leishmaniasis. It is manufactured by Aventis and sold as Glucantime in France, and Glucantim in Italy. It belongs to a group of compounds known as the pentavalent antimonials. It is administered by intramuscular injection....
  
  
• Pentamidine
  Pentamidine
  Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication given for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii , a severe interstitial type of pneumonia often seen in patients with HIV infection...
  
   

For curative treatment

• Amodiaquine
  Amodiaquine
  Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline compound related to chloroquine, used as an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent....
  
  
• Artemether
  Artemether
  Artemether is an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. It is combined with Lumefantrine and sold by Novartis under the brand names Riamet and Co-Artem.-Chemical nature:...
  
  
• Artemether
  Artemether
  Artemether is an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. It is combined with Lumefantrine and sold by Novartis under the brand names Riamet and Co-Artem.-Chemical nature:...
  
   + lumefantrine
  Lumefantrine
  Lumefantrine is an antimalarial drug. It is only used in combination with artemether. The term "co-artemether" is sometimes used to describe this combination....
  
  
• Artesunate
  Artesunate
  Artesunate is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may therefore be given by injection...
  
  
• Chloroquine
  Chloroquine
  Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline drug used in the treatment or prevention of malaria.-History:Chloroquine , N'--N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine, was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag and co-workers at the Bayer laboratories who named it "Resochin". It was ignored for a decade because it was...
  
  
• Doxycycline
  Doxycycline
  Doxycycline INN is a member of the tetracycline antibiotics group, and is commonly used to treat a variety of infections. Doxycycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline invented and clinically developed in the early 1960s by Pfizer Inc. and marketed under the brand name Vibramycin. Vibramycin...
  
  
• Mefloquine
  Mefloquine
  Mefloquine hydrochloride is an orally administered medication used in the prevention and treatment of malaria. Mefloquine was developed in the 1970s at the United States Department of Defense's Walter Reed Army Institute of Research as a synthetic analogue of quinine...
  
  
• Primaquine
  Primaquine
  Primaquine is a medication used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. It is a member of the 8-aminoquinoline group of drugs that includes tafenoquine and pamaquine.-Radical cure:...
  
  
• Quinine
  Quinine
  Quinine is a natural white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic , antimalarial, analgesic , anti-inflammatory properties and a bitter taste. It is a stereoisomer of quinidine which, unlike quinine, is an anti-arrhythmic...
  
  
• Sulfadoxine
  Sulfadoxine
  Sulfadoxine is an ultra-long-lasting sulfonamide often used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat or prevent malaria....
  
   + pyrimethamine
  Pyrimethamine
  Pyrimethamine is a medication used for protozoal infections. It is commonly used as an antimalarial drug , and is also used in the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infections in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-positive individuals.-Mechanism of action:Pyrimethamine interferes with...
  
  

Antipneumocytosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

• Pentamidine
  Pentamidine
  Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication given for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii , a severe interstitial type of pneumonia often seen in patients with HIV infection...
  
   
• Pyrimethamine
  Pyrimethamine
  Pyrimethamine is a medication used for protozoal infections. It is commonly used as an antimalarial drug , and is also used in the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infections in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-positive individuals.-Mechanism of action:Pyrimethamine interferes with...
  
  
• Sulfamethoxazole
  Sulfamethoxazole
  Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic.It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with trimethoprim in a 5:1 ratio in co-trimoxazole , also known under trade names such as Bactrim, Septrin, or Septra; in Eastern Europe it is marketed as Biseptol...
  
   + trimethoprim
  Trimethoprim
  Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections.It belongs to the class of chemotherapeutic agents known as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors...
  
  

African trypanosomiasis

• Eflornithine
  Eflornithine
  Eflornithine is a drug found to be effective in the treatment of facial hirsutism as well as in African trypanosomiasis...
  
  
• Melarsoprol
  Melarsoprol
  Melarsoprol is a medicinal drug used in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. It is also sold under the trade names “Mel B” and “Melarsen Oxide-BAL.”...
  
  
• Pentamidine
  Pentamidine
  Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication given for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii , a severe interstitial type of pneumonia often seen in patients with HIV infection...
  
  
• Suramin sodium

Cytotoxic medicines

• Asparaginase
  Asparaginase
  Asparaginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid. Asparaginases are naturally occurring enzymes expressed and produced by microorganisms. Different types of asparaginases can be used for different industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. The most common use of...
  
   
• Bleomycin
  Bleomycin
  Bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin refers to a family of structurally related compounds. When used as an anticancer agent, the chemotherapeutical forms are primarily bleomycin A2 and B2. It works by causing breaks in DNA...
  
   
• Calcium folinate 
• Chlorambucil
  Chlorambucil
  Chlorambucil is a chemotherapy drug that has been mainly used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia...
  
   
• Cisplatin
  Cisplatin
  Cisplatin, cisplatinum, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum is a chemotherapy drug. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas , lymphomas, and germ cell tumors...
  
   
• Cyclophosphamide
  Cyclophosphamide
  Cyclophosphamide , also known as cytophosphane, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, from the oxazophorines group....
  
   
• Cytarabine
  Cytarabine
  Cytarabine, or cytosine arabinoside, is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of cancers of white blood cells such as acute myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also known as Ara-C...
  
   
• Dacarbazine
  Dacarbazine
  Dacarbazine is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various cancers, among them malignant melanoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas.Dacarbazine is a member of the class of alkylating agents, which destroy cancer cells by adding an alkyl...
  
   
• Dactinomycin 
• Daunorubicin
  Daunorubicin
  Daunorubicin or daunomycin is chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. It is most commonly used to treat specific types of leukaemia...
  
   
• Doxorubicin
  Doxorubicin
  Doxorubicin INN is a drug used in cancer chemotherapy. It is an anthracycline antibiotic, closely related to the natural product daunomycin, and like all anthracyclines, it works by intercalating DNA....
  
   
• Etoposide
  Etoposide
  Etoposide phosphate is an anti-cancer agent. It is known in the laboratory as a topoisomerase poison. Etoposide is often incorrectly referred to as a topoisomerase inhibitor in order to avoid using the term "poison" in a clinical setting...
  
   
• Fluorouracil
  Fluorouracil
  Fluorouracil is a drug that is a pyrimidine analog which is used in the treatment of cancer. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites...
  
   
• Mercaptopurine
  Mercaptopurine
  Mercaptopurine is an immunosuppressive drug.It is a thiopurine.-Uses:...
  
   
• Methotrexate
  Methotrexate
  Methotrexate , abbreviated MTX and formerly known as amethopterin, is an antimetabolite and antifolate drug. It is used in treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for the induction of medical abortions. It acts by inhibiting the metabolism of folic acid. Methotrexate...
  
   
• Procarbazine
  Procarbazine
  Procarbazine Procarbazine Procarbazine (Matulane (US), Natulan (Canada), Indicarb (India) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and certain brain cancers (such as Glioblastoma multiforme). It is a member of a group of medicines called alkylating agents. It...
  
   
• Vinblastine
  Vinblastine
  Vinblastine is an antimicrotubule drug used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and testicular cancer. It is also used to treat Langerhan cell histiocytosis....
  
   
• Vincristine
  Vincristine
  Vincristine , formally known as leurocristine, sometimes abbreviated "VCR", is a vinca alkaloid from the Catharanthus roseus , formerly Vinca rosea and hence its name. It is a mitotic inhibitor, and is used in cancer chemotherapy.-Mechanism:Tubulin is a structural protein that polymerizes to...
  
   

Hormones and antihormones

• Dexamethasone
  Dexamethasone
  Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant...
  
   
• Hydrocortisone 
• Prednisolone
  Prednisolone
  Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone, which is also used as a drug.-Uses:Prednisolone is a corticosteroid drug with predominant glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity, making it useful for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions such as...
  
   
• Tamoxifen
  Tamoxifen
  Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue via its active metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it behaves as an agonist, hence tamoxifen may be characterized as a mixed agonist/antagonist...
  
   

Antianaemia medicines

• Ferrous salt
  Iron(II) sulfate
  Iron sulfate or ferrous sulfate is the chemical compound with the formula FeSO4. Known since ancient times as copperas and as green vitriol, the blue-green heptahydrate is the most common form of this material...
  
  
• Ferrous salt
  Iron(II) sulfate
  Iron sulfate or ferrous sulfate is the chemical compound with the formula FeSO4. Known since ancient times as copperas and as green vitriol, the blue-green heptahydrate is the most common form of this material...
  
   + folic acid
  Folic acid
  Folic acid and folate , as well as pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, pteroyl-L-glutamate, and pteroylmonoglutamic acid are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9...
  
  
• Folic acid
  Folic acid
  Folic acid and folate , as well as pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, pteroyl-L-glutamate, and pteroylmonoglutamic acid are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9...
  
  
• Hydroxocobalamin
  Hydroxocobalamin
  Hydroxocobalamin is a natural form, or vitamer, of vitamin B12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. Hydroxocobalamin is the form of vitamin B12 produced by many bacteria which are used to produce the vitamin commercially. Like other forms of vitamin B12, hydroxocobalamin has an...
  
  

Medicines affecting coagulation

• Heparin sodium
• Phytomenadione
• Protamine sulfate
  Protamine sulfate
  Protamine sulfate is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it.Protamine was originally isolated from the sperm of salmon and other species of fish but is now produced primarily through recombinant biotechnology. It is a highly cationic peptide...
  
  
• Warfarin
  Warfarin
  Warfarin is an anticoagulant. It is most likely to be the drug popularly referred to as a "blood thinner," yet this is a misnomer, since it does not affect the thickness or viscosity of blood...
  
  

Plasma fractions for specific use

• Human normal immunoglobulin 
• Factor VIII
  Factor VIII
  Factor VIII is an essential blood clotting factor also known as anti-hemophilic factor . In humans, Factor VIII is encoded by the F8 gene...
  
   concentrate
• Factor IX complex (II, VII
  Factor VII
  Factor VII is one of the proteins that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade. It is an enzyme of the serine protease class. A recombinant form of human factor VIIa has U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for uncontrolled bleeding in hemophilia patients...
  
  , IX
  Factor IX
  Factor IX is one of the serine proteases of the coagulation system; it belongs to peptidase family S1. Deficiency of this protein causes hemophilia B. It was discovered in 1952 after a young boy named Stephen Christmas was found to be lacking this exact factor, leading to...
  
  , X
  Factor X
  Factor X, also known by the eponym Stuart-Prower factor or as prothrombinase, is an enzyme of the coagulation cascade. It is a serine endopeptidase .-Physiology:...
  
   concentrate)

Antianginal medicines

• Atenolol
• Glyceryl trinitrate
  Glyceryl trinitrate
  Glyceryl trinitrate is a chemical substance used as:* a drug; see glyceryl trinitrate * an explosive; see nitroglycerin...
  
  
• Isosorbide dinitrate
  Isosorbide dinitrate
  Isosorbide dinitrate is a nitrate used pharmacologically as a vasodilator, e.g. in angina pectoris but also for anal fissure, a condition which is known to involve decreased blood supply leading to poor healing...
  
  
• Verapamil
  Verapamil
  Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class. It has been used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, and most recently, cluster headaches. It is also an effective preventive medication for migraine...
  
  

Antiarrhythmic medicines

• Atenolol
• Digoxin
  Digoxin
  Digoxin INN , also known as digitalis, is a purified cardiac glycoside and extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin, and its acetyl derivative is acetyldigoxin...
  
  
• Epinephrine
  Epinephrine
  Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. In chemical terms, adrenaline is one of a group of monoamines called the catecholamines...
  
  
• Lidocaine
  Lidocaine
  Lidocaine , Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery.- History :Lidocaine, the first amino...
  
  
• Procainamide
  Procainamide
  Procainamide INN is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, classified by the Vaughan Williams classification system as class Ia.-History:...
  
   
• Quinidine
  Quinidine
  Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent in the heart. It is a stereoisomer of quinine, originally derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.-Mechanism:...
  
   
• Verapamil
  Verapamil
  Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class. It has been used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, and most recently, cluster headaches. It is also an effective preventive medication for migraine...
  
  

Antihypertensive medicines

• Amlodipine
  Amlodipine
  Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina...
  
  
• Atenolol
• Enalapril
  Enalapril
  Enalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure. ACE raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. ACE inhibitors like enalapril prevent this effect. Enalapril has been shown to lower the death rate in...
  
  
• Hydralazine
  Hydralazine
  Hydralazine is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles...
  
   (for acute, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension
  Pregnancy-induced hypertension
  Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension is defined as the development of new arterial hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks gestation without the presence of protein in the urine.-Conditions:...
  
   only)
• Hydrochlorothiazide
  Hydrochlorothiazide
  Hydrochlorothiazide, abbreviated HCTZ, HCT, or HZT, is a first-line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is...
  
  
• Methyldopa
  Methyldopa
  Methyldopa is an alpha-adrenergic agonist psychoactive drug used as a sympatholytic or antihypertensive. Its use is now mostly deprecated following the introduction of alternative safer classes of agents...
  
  
• Sodium nitroprusside
  Sodium nitroprusside
  Sodium nitroprusside is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2[Fe5NO]·2H2O. This red-coloured salt, which is often abbreviated SNP, is a potent vasodilator...
  
   

Medicines used in heart failure

• Digoxin
  Digoxin
  Digoxin INN , also known as digitalis, is a purified cardiac glycoside and extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin, and its acetyl derivative is acetyldigoxin...
  
  
• Dopamine
  Dopamine
  Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the brain, this substituted phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating the five known types of dopamine receptors—D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5—and their...
  
  
• Enalapril
  Enalapril
  Enalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure. ACE raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. ACE inhibitors like enalapril prevent this effect. Enalapril has been shown to lower the death rate in...
  
  
• Furosemide
  Furosemide
  Furosemide or frusemide is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. It is most commonly marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the brand name Lasix...
  
  
• Hydrochlorothiazide
  Hydrochlorothiazide
  Hydrochlorothiazide, abbreviated HCTZ, HCT, or HZT, is a first-line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is...
  
  

Antifungal medicines

• Benzoic acid
  Benzoic acid
  Benzoic acid , C7H6O2 , is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid. Its salts are used as a food preservative and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis...
  
   + salicylic acid
  Salicylic acid
  Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid. This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It is derived from the metabolism of salicin...
  
   (see also Whitfield's ointment
  Whitfield's Ointment
  Whitfield's Ointment is salicylic acid and benzoic acid in a suitable base, such as lanolin or vaseline.The original ointment contains 3 % salicylic acid and 6 % benzoic acid, but other ratios are also used....
  
  )
• Miconazole
  Miconazole
  Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, commonly applied topically to the skin or to mucus membranes to cure fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes...
  
  
• Selenium sulfide
  Selenium sulfide
  Selenium disulfide is an inorganic compound with the approximate formula SeS2. Both sulfur and selenium catenate readily, and mixtures of selenium and sulfur likewise give rise to numerous "alloys"...
  
   
• Sodium thiosulfate
  Sodium thiosulfate
  Sodium thiosulfate , also spelled sodium thiosulphate, is a colorless crystalline compound that is more familiar as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3•5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hyposulfite or “hypo.”...
  
  

Anti-infective medicines

• Methylrosanilinium chloride
• Neomycin sulfate + bacitracin
  Bacitracin
  Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy, isolation of which was first reported in 1945....
  
  
• Potassium permanganate
  Potassium permanganate
  Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula KMnO4. It is a salt consisting of K+ and MnO4− ions. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely purple solutions, the...
  
  
• Silver sulfadiazine

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

• Betamethasone
  Betamethasone
  Betamethasone is a potent glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Unlike other drugs with these effects, betamethasone does not cause water retention. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, foam, lotion or gel to treat itching...
  
  
• Calamine lotion
• Hydrocortisone

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

• Benzoyl peroxide
  Benzoyl peroxide
  Benzoyl peroxide is an organic compound in the peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl groups bridged by a peroxide link. Its structural formula is [C6H5C]2O2. It is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production...
  
  
• Coal tar
  Coal tar
  Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of extremely high viscosity, which smells of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar is among the by-products when coal iscarbonized to make coke or gasified to make coal gas...
  
  
• Dithranol
  Dithranol
  Dithranol or Anthralin is a Hydroxyanthrone, anthracene derivative, medicine applied to the skin of people with psoriasis. It is available as creams, ointment or pastes in 0.1 to 2% strengths...
  
  
• Fluorouracil
  Fluorouracil
  Fluorouracil is a drug that is a pyrimidine analog which is used in the treatment of cancer. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites...
  
  
• Podophyllum resin
• Salicylic acid
  Salicylic acid
  Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid. This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It is derived from the metabolism of salicin...
  
  
• Urea
  Urea
  Urea or carbamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO2. The molecule has two —NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl functional group....
  
  

Radiocontrast media

• Amidotrizoate
• Barium sulfate
  Barium sulfate
  Barium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and insoluble in water. It occurs as the mineral barite, which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it...
  
  
• Iohexol
  Iohexol
  Iohexol is a contrast agent, sold under the trade name Omnipaque. It is available in various concentrations, from 140 to 350 milligrams of iodine per milliliter...
  
  
• Meglumine iotroxate 

Diuretics

• Amiloride
  Amiloride
  Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic, first approved for use in 1967 , used in the management of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Amiloride was also tested as treatment of cystic fibrosis, but it was revealed inefficient in vivo due to it's short time of action, therefore...
  
  
• Furosemide
  Furosemide
  Furosemide or frusemide is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. It is most commonly marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the brand name Lasix...
  
  
• Hydrochlorothiazide
  Hydrochlorothiazide
  Hydrochlorothiazide, abbreviated HCTZ, HCT, or HZT, is a first-line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is...
  
  
• Mannitol
  Mannitol
  Mannitol is a white, crystalline organic compound with the formula . This polyol is used as an osmotic diuretic agent and a weak renal vasodilator...
  
  
• Spironolactone
  Spironolactone
  Spironolactone , commonly referred to as simply spiro, is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen.It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug that is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called...
  
  

Antacids and other antiulcer medicines

• Aluminium hydroxide
  Aluminium hydroxide
  Aluminium hydroxide, Al3, ATH, sometimes erroneously called Hydrate of alumina, is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite and its three, much more rare forms, polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite and nordstrandite. Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO, and aluminium oxide, Al2O3,...
  
  
• Ranitidine
  Ranitidine
  Ranitidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. It is commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease . Ranitidine is also used alongside fexofenadine and other antihistamines for the treatment of skin conditions...
  
  
• Magnesium hydroxide
  Magnesium hydroxide
  Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg2. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magnesia because of its milk-like appearance. The solid mineral form of magnesium hydroxide is known as brucite....
  
  
• Omeprazole
  Omeprazole
  Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease , gastroesophageal reflux disease , laryngopharyngeal reflux and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome...
  
  

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

See section 3 Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis.

Oral hormonal contraceptives

• Ethinylestradiol
  Ethinylestradiol
  Ethynylestradiol , also ethynyl estradiol , is a derivative of estradiol. Ethynyl estradiol is an orally bio-active estrogen used in almost all modern formulations of combined oral contraceptive pills...
  
   + levonorgestrel
  Levonorgestrel
  Levonorgestrel is a second generation synthetic progestogen used as an active ingredient in some hormonal contraceptives.-Chemistry:...
  
  
• Ethinylestradiol
  Ethinylestradiol
  Ethynylestradiol , also ethynyl estradiol , is a derivative of estradiol. Ethynyl estradiol is an orally bio-active estrogen used in almost all modern formulations of combined oral contraceptive pills...
  
   + norethisterone
  Norethisterone
  Norethisterone is a molecule used in some combined oral contraceptive pills, progestogen only pills and is also available as a stand-alone drug...
  
  
• Levonorgestrel
  Levonorgestrel
  Levonorgestrel is a second generation synthetic progestogen used as an active ingredient in some hormonal contraceptives.-Chemistry:...
  
  

Injectable hormonal contraceptives

• Medroxyprogesterone acetate
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate + estradiol cypionate
• Norethisterone enantate

Insulins and other antidiabetic agents

• Glibenclamide
  Glibenclamide
  Glibenclamide , also known as glyburide , is an antidiabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas, closely related to sulfa drugs...
  
  
• Insulin
  Insulin
  Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
  
   injection
• Intermediate-acting insulin
  Insulin
  Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
  
  
• Metformin
  Metformin
  Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in particular, in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function. Its use in gestational diabetes has been limited by safety concerns...
  
  

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

• Levothyroxine
  Levothyroxine
  Levothyroxine, also L-thyroxine, synthetic T4, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine, is a synthetic form of thyroxine , used as a hormone replacement for patients with thyroid problems. The natural hormone is chemically in the chiral L-form, as is the pharmaceutical agent...
  
  
• Potassium iodide
  Potassium iodide
  Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KI. This white salt is the most commercially significant iodide compound, with approximately 37,000 tons produced in 1985. It is less hygroscopic than sodium iodide, making it easier to work with...
  
  
• Propylthiouracil
  Propylthiouracil
  Propylthiouracil or 6-n-Propylthiouracil is a thioamide drug used to treat hyperthyroidism by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland...
  
  

Sera and immunoglobulins

• Anti-D immunoglobulin
• Antitetanus immunoglobulin
• Antivenom immunoglobulin
• Diphtheria
  Diphtheria
  Diphtheria is an upper respiratory tract illness caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium. It is characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity...
  
   antitoxin
• Rabies
  Rabies
  Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...
  
   immunoglobulin

Vaccines

• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) for tuberculosis
• Cholera vaccine
  Cholera vaccine
  Cholera vaccine is a vaccine used against cholera.The first vaccines against cholera were developed in the late nineteenth century. These injected whole cell vaccine became increasingly popular until they were replaced by oral vaccines starting in the 1980s. Although no longer in use, the injected...
  
  
• Diphtheria vaccine
  Diphtheria vaccine
  Diphtheria vaccine is a vaccine used against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the agent that causes diphtheria.Several combination vaccines are used to prevent Diptheria. It is a component of the DPT vaccine....
  
  
• Hepatitis A vaccine
  Hepatitis A vaccine
  Hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine against the hepatitis A virus. The first successful vaccine against it was invented by Maurice Hilleman at Merck. The vaccine protects against the virus in more than 95% of cases and provides protection from the virus for at least ten years...
  
  
• Hepatitis B vaccine
  Hepatitis B vaccine
  Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine developed for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. The vaccine contains one of the viral envelope proteins, hepatitis B surface antigen . It is produced by yeast cells, into which the genetic code for HBsAg has been inserted...
  
  
• Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• Influenza vaccine
• Japanese encephalitis vaccine
  Japanese encephalitis vaccine
  Japanese encephalitis vaccine is a vaccine used against Japanese encephalitis.-History:Two sorts of Japanese encephalitis vaccines became available in the 1950s. One of them was an inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccine , made by BIKEN and marketed by Sanofi Pasteur as JE-VAX, until production...
  
  
• Measles vaccine
  Measles vaccine
  Measles vaccine is a highly effective vaccine used against measles. The measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combo vaccine has been available since 2005...
  
  
• Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
• Mumps vaccine
  Mumps vaccine
  Several varieties of mumps vaccine have been used since 1949, and at least 10 strains were in use in 2006:The first vaccine was a killed mumps virus vaccine developed in 1948 and used in the United States from 1950-1978. This vaccine produced little immune memory, thus had a short duration of...
  
  
• Pertussis vaccine
  Pertussis vaccine
  Pertussis vaccine is a vaccine used against Bordetella pertussis.It is a component of the DPT vaccine.Older versions of the vaccine involved inactivated cells. Newer versions are acellular, and are less likely to provoke a febrile state....
  
  
• Pneumococcal vaccine
  Pneumococcal vaccine
  A pneumococcal vaccine is a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Types include:* Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine* Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-Vaccination in the USA:...
  
  
• Poliomyelitis vaccine
• Rabies vaccine
  Rabies vaccine
  Rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to control rabies. Rabies can be prevented by vaccination, both in humans and other animals.-In animals:Currently, pre-exposure immunization has been used on domesticated and normal non-human populations...
  
  
• Rotavirus vaccine
• Rubella vaccine
  Rubella vaccine
  Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used against rubella.One form is called "Meruvax"....
  
  
• Tetanus vaccine
  Tetanus vaccine
  Tetanus vaccine is a vaccine used against Clostridium tetani, the agent that causes tetanus.The vaccine is composed of tetanus toxoid, tetanus toxin inactivated with formaldehyde, which is immunogenic but not pathogenic. It is a component of the DPT vaccine.The tetanus vaccine is required again...
  
  
• Typhoid vaccine
  Typhoid vaccine
  Typhoid vaccine is a vaccine used against typhoid fever.There are two effective types:* Ty21a, which is a live vaccine* Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine, which is a subunit vaccine...
  
  
• Varicella vaccine
  Varicella vaccine
  The varicella vaccine is a live virus that protects against the viral disease commonly known as chickenpox caused by Varicella Zoster Virus . Varicella vaccine is marketed as Varivax in the U.S. by Merck...
  
  
• Yellow fever vaccine
  Yellow fever vaccine
  Yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine used against yellow fever.The vaccine consists of a live, but attenuated, strain of the yellow fever virus called 17D. The 17D vaccine has been used commercially since the 1950s. The mechanisms of attenuation and immunogenicity for the 17D strain are not known...
  
  

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors

• Alcuronium
  Alcuronium
  Alcuronium is a peripherally acting muscle relaxant in the curare alkaloid family. It is a semi-synthetic substance derived from toxiferine.- Effects :...
  
  
• Neostigmine
  Neostigmine
  Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.- Synthesis :Neostigmine was first synthesized by Aeschlimann and Reinert in 1931....
  
  
• Pyridostigmine
  Pyridostigmine
  Pyridostigmine is a parasympathomimetic and a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Since it is a quaternary amine, it is poorly absorbed in the gut and does not cross the blood-brain barrier, except possibly in stressful conditions.-Mode of action:...
  
   
• Suxamethonium
• Vecuronium
  Vecuronium
  Vecuronium is a muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing blocking agents. Vecuronium bromide is indicated as an adjunct to general anesthesia, to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation...
  
  

Oxytocics

• Ergometrine
• Mifepristone
  Mifepristone
  Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid compound used as a pharmaceutical. It is a progesterone receptor antagonist used as an abortifacient in the first months of pregnancy, and in smaller doses as an emergency contraceptive. During early trials, it was known as RU-38486 or simply RU-486, its...
  
  -misoprostol
  Misoprostol
  Misoprostol is a drug that is used for the prevention of non steroidal anti inflammatory drug induced gastric ulcers, for early abortion, to treat missed miscarriage, and to induce labor. The latter use is controversial in the United States. Misoprostol was invented and marketed by G.D...
  
   
• Misoprostol
  Misoprostol
  Misoprostol is a drug that is used for the prevention of non steroidal anti inflammatory drug induced gastric ulcers, for early abortion, to treat missed miscarriage, and to induce labor. The latter use is controversial in the United States. Misoprostol was invented and marketed by G.D...
  
   
• Oxytocin
  Oxytocin
  Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone that acts primarily as a neuromodulator in the brain.Oxytocin is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, in particular during and after childbirth...
  
  

Medicines used in psychotic disorders/diseases

• Chlorpromazine
  Chlorpromazine
  Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic...
  
  
• Fluphenazine
  Fluphenazine
  Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of psychoses such as schizophrenia and acute manic phases of bipolar disorder. It belongs to the piperazine class of phenothiazines....
  
  
• Haloperidol
  Haloperidol
  Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic. It is in the butyrophenone class of antipsychotic medications and has pharmacological effects similar to the phenothiazines....
  
  

Medicines used in depressive disorders

• Amitriptyline
  Amitriptyline
  Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant . It is the most widely used TCA and has at least equal efficacy against depression as the newer class of SSRIs...
  
  
• Fluoxetine
  Fluoxetine
  Fluoxetine is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class. It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company...
  
  
• Sertraline
  Sertraline
  Sertraline hydrochloride is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class. It was introduced to the market by Pfizer in 1991. Sertraline is primarily used to treat major depression in adult outpatients as well as obsessive–compulsive, panic, and social anxiety disorders in...
  
  
• Bupropion
  Bupropion
  Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. The drug is a non-tricyclic antidepressant and differs from most commonly prescribed antidepressants such as SSRIs, as its primary pharmacological action is thought to be norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition...
  
  

Medicines used in bipolar disorders

• Carbamazepine
  Carbamazepine
  Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia...
  
  
• Lithium carbonate
  Lithium carbonate
  Lithium carbonate is a chemical compound of lithium, carbon, and oxygen with the formula Li2CO3. This colorless salt is widely used in the processing of metal oxides and has received attention for its use in psychiatry. It is found in nature as the rare mineral zabuyelite.-Properties:Like almost...
  
  
• Valproic acid
  Valproic acid
  Valproic acid is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia...
  
  

Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Beclomethasone
• Epinephrine
  Epinephrine
  Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. In chemical terms, adrenaline is one of a group of monoamines called the catecholamines...
  
  
• Ipratropium bromide
  Ipratropium
  Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma. It blocks the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs, opening the bronchi...
  
  
• Salbutamol
  Salbutamol
  Salbutamol or albuterol is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is marketed as Ventolin among other brand names....
  
  

Parenteral

• Glucose
  Glucose
  Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. Cells use it as the primary source of energy and a metabolic intermediate...
  
  
• Glucose
  Glucose
  Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. Cells use it as the primary source of energy and a metabolic intermediate...
  
   with sodium chloride
  Sodium chloride
  Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...
  
  
• Potassium chloride
  Potassium chloride
  The chemical compound potassium chloride is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. In its pure state, it is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance, with a crystal structure that cleaves easily in three directions. Potassium chloride crystals are...
  
  
• Sodium chloride
  Sodium chloride
  Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...
  
  
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate
• Sodium lactate
  Sodium lactate
  Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then neutralizing the resulting lactic acid to create a compound having the formula NaC3H5O3. As a food additive, sodium lactate has the E number E325 and naturally is a liquid...
  
  

Vitamins and minerals

• Ascorbic acid
  Ascorbic acid
  Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant properties. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves well in water to give mildly acidic solutions. Ascorbic acid is one form of vitamin C. The name is derived from a- and scorbutus , the...
  
  
• Calcium gluconate
  Calcium gluconate
  Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement.-Hypocalcemia:10% calcium gluconate solution is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of hypocalcemia. This form of calcium is superior to calcium lactate, but it only contains 0.93% calcium ion. Calcium gluconate is a salt of calcium and...
  
   
• Ergocalciferol
  Ergocalciferol
  Ergocalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D2. It is marketed under various names including Deltalin , Drisdol and Calcidol...
  
  
• Iodine
  Iodine
  Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
  
  
• Nicotinamide
  Nicotinamide
  Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide and nicotinic acid amide, is the amide of nicotinic acid . Nicotinamide is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B group...
  
  
• Pyridoxine
  Pyridoxine
  Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6, along with pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. It differs from pyridoxamine by the substituent at the '4' position. It is often used as 'pyridoxine hydrochloride'.-Chemistry:...
  
  
• Retinol
  Retinol
  Retinol is one of the animal forms of vitamin A. It is a diterpenoid and an alcohol. It is convertible to other forms of vitamin A, and the retinyl ester derivative of the alcohol serves as the storage form of the vitamin in animals....
  
  
• Riboflavin
  Riboflavin
  Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2 or additive E101, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN, and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. As such, vitamin B2 is required for a...
  
  
• Sodium fluoride
  Sodium fluoride
  Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaF. A colorless solid, it is a source of the fluoride ion in diverse applications. Sodium fluoride is less expensive and less hygroscopic than the related salt potassium fluoride....
  
  
• Thiamine
  Thiamine
  Thiamine or thiamin or vitamin B1 , named as the "thio-vitamine" is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. First named aneurin for the detrimental neurological effects if not present in the diet, it was eventually assigned the generic descriptor name vitamin B1. Its phosphate derivatives are...