List of European mammals
Encyclopedia
This is a list of European mammals. It includes all mammal
s currently found in Europe, whether resident or as regular migrant
s. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.
Marsupial
Hedgehog
Mole
Shrew
Primate
Horseshoe bat
Evening bat
Lagomorphs
Squirrel
Beaver
Dormice
Muroid
Birch mice
Bear
Wolves and fox
Weasel
Mongoose
Cat
Seal
Walrus
Odd-toed ungulate
Deer
Baleen whale
Sperm whale
Beaked whale
Dolphin
Mammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
s currently found in Europe, whether resident or as regular migrant
Animal migration
Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individuals, usually on a seasonal basis. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon, found in all major animal groups, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans. The trigger for the migration may be local...
s. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.
MarsupialMarsupialMarsupials are an infraclass of mammals, characterized by giving birth to relatively undeveloped young. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur in Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands, with the remaining 100 found in the Americas, primarily in South America, but with thirteen in Central...
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- Red-necked wallabyRed-necked WallabyThe Red-necked Wallaby is a medium-sized marsupial macropod, common in the more temperate and fertile parts of eastern Australia, including Tasmania.- Description :...
Macropus rufogriseus (Britain, introduced and probably extinct)
HedgehogHedgehogA hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera, found through parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand . There are no hedgehogs native to Australia, and no living species native to the Americas...
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- Western European hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus
- Eastern European hedgehogEastern European HedgehogThe Southern White-breasted Hedgehog , sometimes referred to as East European Hedgehog, White-bellied Hedgehog or White-chested Hedgehog, is very similar in lifestyle and appearance to the European Hedgehog, but the former has a white spot on its chest. For a long time these two species were...
Erinaceus concolor - North African hedgehog Atelerix algirus (France and Spain, probably introduced)
MoleMole (animal)Moles are small cylindrical mammals adapted to a subterranean lifestyle. They have velvety fur; tiny or invisible ears and eyes; and short, powerful limbs with large paws oriented for digging. The term is especially and most properly used for the true moles, those of the Talpidae family in the...
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- European moleEuropean MoleThe European Mole, Talpa europaea, is a mammal of the order Soricomorpha. It is also known as the Common Mole and the Northern Mole....
Talpa europaea - Mediterranean mole Talpa caeca (south of the AlpsAlpsThe Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
) - Roman moleRoman MoleThe Roman Mole is a species of mammal in the Talpidae family. It is found in France and Italy.-References:* Insectivore Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
Talpa romana (Italy and Greece) - Pyrenean desmanPyrenean DesmanThe Pyrenean Desman is a small semi-aquatic mammal that lives in the Pyrenees to the Iberian peninsula. The Pyrenean Desman is in the monotypic genus Galemys. The Pyrenean Desman lives in mountain streams....
Galemys pyrenaicus (Spain, Portugal and the PyreneesPyreneesThe Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
) - Russian desmanRussian DesmanThe Russian Desman is a small semi-aquatic mammal that inhabits the Volga, Don and Ural River basins in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It constructs burrows into the banks of ponds and slow-moving streams, but prefers small, overgrown ponds with abundance of insects, crayfish and amphibians...
Desmana moschata (Russia)
ShrewShrewA shrew or shrew mouse is a small molelike mammal classified in the order Soricomorpha. True shrews are also not to be confused with West Indies shrews, treeshrews, otter shrews, or elephant shrews, which belong to different families or orders.Although its external appearance is generally that of...
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- Common shrewCommon ShrewThe Common Shrew or Eurasian Shrew, Sorex araneus, is the most common shrew, and one of the most common mammals, throughout Northern Europe, including Great Britain, but excluding Ireland. It is long and weighs , and has velvety dark brown fur with a pale underside. Juvenile shrews have lighter...
Sorex araneus - Crowned shrewCrowned ShrewThe Crowned Shrew or Millet's Shrew is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.-References:...
Sorex coronatus - Iberian shrewIberian ShrewThe Iberian Shrew or Lagranja Shrew is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Portugal and Spain.-References:* Insectivore Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded 30 July 2007....
Sorex granarius - Apennine shrewApennine ShrewThe Apennine Shrew is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is endemic to Italy.-References:* Insectivore Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
Sorex samniticus - Eurasian pygmy shrewEurasian pygmy shrewThe Eurasian Pygmy Shrew , often known simply as the Pygmy Shrew, is a widespread shrew of northern Eurasia. It is the only shrew native to Ireland....
Sorex minutus - Laxmann's shrewLaxmann's ShrewLaxmann's Shrew is a species of shrew. An adult Laxmann's Shrew has a weight of 3-11 grams and a body length of 4.8-7.8 cm, with a tail of 3.9-5.2 cm. It is reported across northern Eurasia from the Baltic to the Sea of Japan, including Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, and the Korean Peninsula...
Sorex caecutiens - Eurasian least shrewEurasian Least ShrewThe Eurasian Least Shrew , also called the Lesser Pygmy Shrew, is the second-smallest mammal in the world after the Etruscan Shrew.- Appearance :...
Sorex minutissimus - Taiga shrewTaiga ShrewThe Taiga Shrew , also known as the Even-toothed Shrew can achieve a body length of about 67 millimeters, with a tail of about 43 millimeters. This shrew is very similar to the Long-Clawed Shrew. This species inhabits forested mountain valleys, and is found across northern Eurasia...
Sorex isodon - Alpine shrewAlpine ShrewThe Alpine Shrew is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, the Republic of Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and...
Sorex alpinus - Eurasian water shrewEurasian Water ShrewThe Eurasian Water Shrew, Neomys fodiens, known in the United Kingdom as the Water Shrew, is a relatively large shrew, up to long, with a tail up to three-quarters as long again. It has short dark fur, often with a few white tufts, a white belly, and a few stiff hairs around the feet and tail...
Neomys fodiens - Mediterranean water shrewMediterranean Water ShrewThe Mediterranean or Miller's Water Shrew is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family.-Distribution:This shrew is found in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia,...
Neomys anomalus - Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus
- Greater white-toothed shrewGreater white-toothed shrewThe Greater White-toothed Shrew is a small insectivorous mammal. found in Europe and North Africa, weighing about 11-14 grams...
Crocidura russula - Lesser white-toothed shrewLesser white-toothed shrewThe Lesser White-toothed Shrew is a tiny shrew with a widespread distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe, but not in most of Spain, north–west France and mainland Great Britain. Its preferred habitat is scrub and gardens and it feeds on insects, worms, slugs, snails and small mice...
Crocidura suaveolens - Bicoloured shrew Crocidura leucodon
PrimatePrimateA primate is a mammal of the order Primates , which contains prosimians and simians. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment...
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- HumanHumanHumans are the only living species in the Homo genus...
Homo sapiens - Barbary macaqueBarbary MacaqueThe Barbary Macaque , or Common macaque, is a macaque with no tail. Found in the Atlas Mountains of Algeria and Morocco with a small population, of unknown origin, in Gibraltar, the Barbary Macaque is one of the best-known Old World monkey species. Besides humans, they are the only primates that...
Macca sylvanus (GibraltarGibraltarGibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
, presumably introduced)
Horseshoe batHorseshoe batHorseshoe bats are a family of bats. In addition to the single living genus, Rhinolophus, there is one extinct genus, Palaeonycteris. The closely related Hipposideridae are sometimes included within the horseshoe bats as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae...
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- Lesser horseshoe batLesser horseshoe batThe Lesser Horseshoe Bat , is a type of European bat related to but smaller than its cousin, the Greater Horseshoe Bat...
Rhinolophus hipposideros - Greater horseshoe batGreater Horseshoe BatThe Greater Horseshoe Bat is a European bat of the Rhinolophus genus. Its distribution covers Europe, Africa, South Asia and Australia. It is the largest of the European Horseshoe Bats and is thus easily distinguished from other species...
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum - Mediterranean horseshoe batMediterranean Horseshoe BatThe Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in the Mediterranean region and balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.-Physical characteristics:...
Rhinolophus euryale - Blasius's horseshoe batBlasius's Horseshoe BatBlasius's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found throughout large parts of the Mediterranean, Middle East and Northern Africa.-Physical appearance:...
Rhinolophus blasii - Mehely's horseshoe batMehely's Horseshoe BatMehely's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in eastern Europe and parts of the Middle East.-Physical Appearance:...
Rhinolophus mehelyi
Evening batEvening BatThe Evening Bat is a species of bat in the vesper bat family, Vespertilionidae, that is native to North America. It is a small bat found throughout much of the midwestern and eastern United States as well as northeastern Mexico. In many areas they are very common, but may be declining in some...
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- Daubenton's batDaubenton's batDaubenton's Bat, Myotis daubentonii, is a Eurasian bat with quite short ears. It ranges from Britain to Japan and is considered to be increasing its numbers in many areas.The name commemorates the French naturalist Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton....
Myotis daubentoni - Nathalina bat Myotis nathalinae
- Long-fingered batLong-fingered BatThe Long-Fingered Bat is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is known from Morocco, Algeria, southern Europe and the Middle East as far east as western Iran.-Physical characteristics:...
Myotis capaccinii - Pond batPond BatThe Pond Bat is a species of vesper bat in the Vespertilionidae family. It is found in Eurasia from France to Russia and Kazakhstan.-Physical characteristics:...
Myotis dasycneme - Brandt's batBrandt's BatBrandt's Bat is a species of vesper bat in the Vespertilionidae family.It is found throughout most of Europe and parts of Asia.It is named for the German zoologist Johann Friedrich von Brandt.-Echolocation:...
Myotis brandti - Whiskered batWhiskered batThe whiskered bats Myotis mystacinus and related species, are small European bats with long fur. Although uncommon, M. mystacinus is often found around human habitation and around water; it is similar to Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii, from which it was distinguished as a separate species only in...
Myotis mystacinus - Geoffroy's batGeoffroy's BatGeoffroy's Bat is a species of vesper bat in the Vespertilionidae family.It can be found in the following countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel,...
Myotis emarginatus - Natterer's batNatterer's batNatterer's bat is a European bat with pale wings. It has brown fur, also seen on the leg wing membrane, tending to white on its underside...
Myotis nattereri - Bechstein's batBechstein's BatBechstein's Bat is a species of vesper bat in the Vespertilionidae family.It can be found in the following countries: Austria, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Liechtenstein, Republic of Macedonia,...
Myotis bechsteini - Greater mouse-eared batGreater mouse-eared batThe greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis, is a European species of bat in the Vespertilionidae family.-Description:It is relatively large for a member of the Myotis genus, weighing up to , making it one of the largest European bats.-Foraging:Like its relatives it eats various arthropods;...
Myotis myotis - Lesser mouse-eared batLesser Mouse-eared BatThe Lesser Mouse-Eared Bat is a species of vesper bat in the Vespertilionidae family. Syn.: Myotis oxygnathus Monticelli, 1885.- Habitat :...
Myotis blythi - Common noctuleCommon NoctuleThe Common Noctule is a species of bat common throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The UK distribution can be found on the National Biodiversity Network website ....
Nyctalus noctula - Lesser NoctuleLesser NoctuleThe Lesser Noctule or Leisler's Bat is a species of bat belonging to the vesper bat family, Vespertilionidae.-Description:...
Nyctalus leisleri - Greater noctuleGreater Noctule batThe Greater Noctule bat is a rare mammal found in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. It is the largest and least studied bat in Europe with a wingspan of up to 46 centimeters and is one of the few bat species to feed on passerine birds. Greater Noctule bat is the only bat species to hunt birds...
Nyctalus lasiopterus - Serotine Eptesicus serotinus
- Northern batNorthern BatThe Northern Bat is a species of bat. An adult Northern Bat has a body length of 4.9-6.6 cm, a tail of 3.2-5.1 cm, and a wing length of 4.1-5.1 cm. The species is found across Europe and Asia, from England to Hokkaidō and south to northern India.-References: 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened...
Eptesicus nilssoni - Parti-coloured batParti-coloured batThe Parti-coloured Bat or Rearmouse is a species of bats in the family of Vesper bats. It is a medium sized bat.- Description :...
Vespertilio murinus - Common pipistrelleCommon PipistrelleThe Common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus is a small pipistrelle bat whose very large range extends across most of Europe, North Africa, southwestern Asia, and possibly into Korea. It is one of the most common bat species in the British Isles....
Pipistrellus pipistrellus - Nathusius's pipistrelleNathusius's PipistrelleNathusius' Pipistrelle is a small bat in the pipistrelle genus. It is very similar to the Common Pipistrelle and has been overlooked in many areas until recently but it is widely distributed across Europe.-Description:...
Pipistrellus nathusii - Kuhl's pipistrelleKuhl's PipistrelleKuhl's Pipistrelle is a species of vesper bat.It can be found in the following countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Cape Verde, Egypt, France, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia,...
Pipistrellus kuhli - Savi's PipistrelleSavi's PipistrelleSavi's Pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii is a species of vesper bat found across Eurasia. Its summer habitat is not known, but in winter it favors caves, old buildings, and rock crevices. The Hypsugo savii and the Pipistrellus kuhlii have a share of similarities...
Pipistrellus savii - Common long-eared bat Plecotus auritus
- Grey long-eared batGrey long-eared batThe grey long-eared bat is a fairly large European bat. It has distinctive ears, long and with a distinctive fold. It hunts above woodland, often by day, and mostly for moths. It is extremely similar to the more common brown long-eared bat, and was only distinguished in the 1960s, but has a...
Plecotus austriacus - BarbastelleBarbastelleThe Barbastelle , also known as the Western Barbastelle, is a European bat. It has a short nose, small eyes and wide ears.It is rare throughout its range...
Barbastella barbastellus - Schreiber's bat Miniopterus schreibersi
LagomorphsLagomorphaThe lagomorphs are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families, the Leporidae , and the Ochotonidae...
- European RabbitEuropean RabbitThe European Rabbit or Common Rabbit is a species of rabbit native to south west Europe and north west Africa . It has been widely introduced elsewhere often with devastating effects on local biodiversity...
Oryctolagus cuniculus - European HareEuropean HareThe European hare , also known as the brown hare, Eastern Jackrabbit and Eastern prairie hare, is a species of hare native to northern, central, and western Europe and western Asia. It is a mammal adapted to temperate open country. It is related to the similarly appearing rabbit, which is in the...
Lepus europaeus - Mountain HareMountain HareThe Mountain Hare , also known as Blue Hare, Tundra Hare, Variable Hare, White Hare, Alpine Hare and Irish Hare, is a hare, which is largely adapted to polar and mountainous habitats. It is distributed from Fennoscandia to eastern Siberia; in addition there are isolated populations in the Alps,...
Lepus timidus- Irish Mountain Hare Lepus (timidus) hibernicus
- Scottish Mountain Hare Lepus timidus scoticus
- Granada HareGranada HareThe Granada Hare , also known as the Iberian Hare, is a hare species that can be found on the Iberian peninsula and on the island of Majorca.-Subspecies:...
Lepus granatensis (Spain, Portugal) - Broom HareBroom HareThe Broom Hare is a species of hare endemic to northern Spain. It is restricted to the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain between the Serra dos Ancares and the Sierra de Peña Labra. This region is approximately from east to west and from north to south...
Lepus castroviejoi - Corsican HareCorsican HareThe Corsican Hare , also known as the Apennine Hare or Italian Hare, is a species of hare found in southern and central Italy and Corsica.-Taxonomy:...
Lepus corsicanus(Corsica, southern Italy)
SquirrelSquirrelSquirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the Sciuridae. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots , flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa and have been introduced to Australia...
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- Red squirrelRed SquirrelThe red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus common throughout Eurasia...
Sciurus vulgaris - Grey squirrelEastern Gray SquirrelThe eastern gray squirrel is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States, and to the southerly portions of the eastern provinces of Canada...
Sciurus carolinensis (Britain, introduced) - Siberian flying squirrelSiberian Flying SquirrelThe Siberian Flying Squirrel is an Old World flying squirrel with a range from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific coast in the east. It is the only species of flying squirrel found in Europe...
Pteromys volans (northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
, EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
) - European souslik Spermophilus citellus (north-eastern Europe)
- Spotted souslikSpeckled Ground SquirrelThe speckled ground squirrel or spotted souslik is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. Spermophilus suslicus consists of three subspecies: S. s. boristhenicus, S. s. guttatus, and S. s...
Spermophilus suslicus (south-eastern Europe) - Alpine marmotAlpine MarmotThe Alpine Marmot is a species of marmot found in mountainous areas of central and southern Europe. Alpine marmots live at heights between 800 and 3,200 metres in the Alps, Carpathians, Tatras, the Pyrenees and Northern Apennines in Italy...
Marmota marmota (AlpsAlpsThe Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
, Tatras, CarpathiansCarpathian MountainsThe Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe...
, PyreneesPyreneesThe Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
and BalkansBalkansThe Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
) - Bobak marmotBobak MarmotThe bobak marmot , also known as the steppe marmot, is a species of marmot that inhabits the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It is also found in Belarus...
Marmota bobak (eastern Europe) - Siberian chipmunkSiberian ChipmunkThe Siberian chipmunk or Common Chipmunk is a chipmunk which occurs across northern Asia from central Russia to China, Korea, and Hokkaidō in northern Japan. The only chipmunk found outside North America, it is classed either as the only living member of the genus Eutamias, or a member of a genus...
Tamias sibiricus (introduced)
BeaverBeaverThe beaver is a primarily nocturnal, large, semi-aquatic rodent. Castor includes two extant species, North American Beaver and Eurasian Beaver . Beavers are known for building dams, canals, and lodges . They are the second-largest rodent in the world...
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- European beaverEuropean BeaverThe Eurasian beaver or European beaver is a species of beaver, which was once widespread in Eurasia, where it was hunted to near extinction both for fur and for castoreum, a secretion of its scent gland believed to have medicinal properties...
Castor fiber (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
, EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
, Russia, France, Netherlands and Germany is also being reintroduced to Great Britain after extinction due to human activity.)
DormiceDormouseDormice are rodents of the family Gliridae. Dormice are mostly found in Europe, although some live in Africa and Asia. They are particularly known for their long periods of hibernation...
- Garden DormouseGarden dormouseThe garden dormouse is a rodent in the dormouse family.- Features :Garden dormice are typically in length, with the tail adding an additional . They weigh . The coat is gray or brown, with a white underside...
Eliomys quercinus - Forest DormouseForest DormouseThe Forest Dormouse is a species of rodent in the Gliridae family found in eastern Europe, the Balkans and parts of western Central Asia...
Dryomys nitedula (eastern Europe) - Woolly DormouseWoolly DormouseThe Woolly Dormouse is a species of rodent in the Gliridae family.It is endemic to Turkey.-References:* Baillie, J. 1996. . Downloaded on 29 July 2007....
Dryomys laniger (Turkey) - Edible DormouseEdible dormouseThe edible dormouse or fat dormouse is a large dormouse and the only living species in the genus Glis.-Description:...
Glis glis - Hazel DormouseHazel DormouseThe Hazel Dormouse or Common Dormouse is a small mammal and the only living species in the genus Muscardinus....
Muscardinus avellanarius - Roach's Mouse-tailed Dormouse Myomimus roachi (Greece and BulgariaBulgariaBulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
)
MuroidMuroideaMuroidea is a large superfamily of rodents. It includes hamsters, gerbils, true mice and rats, and many other relatives. They occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except Antarctica. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, Muridae, due to...
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- Common hamster Cricetus cricetus (eastern Europe)
- Romanian hamsterRomanian HamsterThe Romanian hamster or Dobrudja hamster is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Bulgaria and Romania.-Description:...
Mesocricetus newtoni (shores of the Black SeaBlack SeaThe Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
) - Golden hamsterGolden HamsterThe golden hamster or Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, is a very well known member of the rodent subfamily Cricetinae, the hamsters. In the wild they are now considered vulnerable. Their numbers have been declining due to loss of habitat and deliberate destruction by humans. However, they are...
Mesocricetus auratus (introduced) - Grey Hamster Circetulus migratorius (BalkansBalkansThe Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
) - Arctic lemmingArctic LemmingThe Arctic Lemming is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found only in The Arctic Biomes in Russia and Canada.-References:...
Dicrostonyx torquatus (SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
as migrant) - Norway lemmingNorway lemmingThe Norway lemming , Lemmus lemmus, is a common species of lemming found in northern Scandinavia and adjacent areas of Russia. It is the only vertebrate species endemic to the region. The Norway lemming dwells in tundra and fells, and prefers to live near water. Adults feed primarily on...
Lemmus lemmus (northern Europe) - Wood LemmingWood LemmingThe Wood Lemming is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It belongs into the Arvicolinae subfamily of rodents therefore is a relative of the voles, lemmings, and muskrats....
Myopus schisticolor (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - Bank voleBank VoleThe bank vole is a small vole with red-brown fur and some grey patches, with a tail about half as long as its body. A rodent, it lives in woodland areas and is around in length. The bank vole is found in western Europe and northern Asia...
Myodes glareolus - Northern red-backed voleNorthern Red-backed VoleThe northern red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus, is a small slender vole found in Alaska, northern Canada, Scandinavia and northern Russia.-Description:...
Myodes rutilus - Grey red-backed voleGrey Red-Backed VoleThe Grey Red-backed Vole is a species of vole. An adult Grey Red-backed Vole weighs 20-50 grams, and has a body length of 110-142 millimeters, with a tail of 39–55 mm in length. This species ranges across northern Eurasia, including northern China, the northern Korean Peninsula, and...
Myodes rufocanus - Balkan snow voleBalkan Snow VoleThe Balkan Snow Vole, Dinaromys bogdanovi, also known as Martino's Snow Vole is the only member of the genus Dinaromys. Eight subspecies of this vole have been recognized from southern parts of Europe. The genus name means "Dinaric mouse", referring to the Dinaric Alps...
Dinaromys bogdanovi - Field voleField VoleThe field vole or short-tailed vole, Microtus agrestis, is a grey-brown vole, around 110mm in length, with only a short tail. They are one of the most common mammals in Europe, ranging from the Atlantic coast to Lake Baikal. They are found in moist grassy habitats, such as woodland, marsh, or...
Microtus agrestis - Common voleCommon VoleThe Common Vole, Microtus arvalis, is a European mammal.- Distribution and habitat :The common vole is hardly restricted in means of distribution and habitat and inhabits large areas of Eurasia. As Microtus arvalis followed human civilisation, primary and secondary habitats can be distinguished...
Microtus arvalis - Sibling voleSibling voleThe Sibling Vole is a species of vole found through much of northern Europe. First discovered in 1960 in the Grumantbyen area, they were thought to be the Common Vole until a genetic analysis correctly identified them in 1990....
Microtus epiroticus - Root vole Microtus oeconomus
- Snow vole Microtus nivalis
- Gunther's voleGünther's VoleGünther's Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in Bulgaria, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Syria, Turkey, and Libya. In Libya, its natural habitats are temperate grassland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and...
Microtus guentheri - Cabrera's voleCabrera's VoleCabrera's Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in Portugal, and Spain.-References:* Amori, G. 1996. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Microtus cabrerae - Bavarian pine voleBavarian pine voleThe Bavarian pine vole is a vole from the Austrian, Italian, and Bavarian Alps of Europe. It lived in moist meadows at elevations of 600-1,000 metres...
Microtus bavaricus - European pine voleEuropean Pine VoleThe European Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia,...
Microtus subterraneus - Alpine pine voleAlpine Pine VoleThe Alpine Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in Austria, France, Italy, Serbia and Montenegro, and Switzerland.-References:* Amori, G. 1996. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Pitymys multiplex - Tatra pine voleTatra Pine VoleThe Tatra Pine Vole, Microtus tatricus, also called the Tatra vole or Tatra ground vole, is a species of vole endemic to the Carpathian mountain range in Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine and Romania. Two subspecies have been recognised. M. t. tatricus occupies the western part of the range in Slovakia and...
Pitymys tatricus - Liechtenstein's pine voleLiechtenstein's Pine VoleLiechtenstein's Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in central and eastern Europe, from northern Italy through to Austria, Slovenia and Croatia.-References:...
Pitymys liechtensteini - Mediterranean pine voleMediterranean Pine VoleThe Mediterranean Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in France, Portugal, and Spain.-References:* Amori, G. 1996. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Pitymys duodecimcostatus - Lusitanian pine voleLusitanian Pine VoleThe Lusitanian Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in France, Portugal, and Spain.-References:...
Pitymys lusitanicus - Thomas's pine voleThomas's Pine VoleThomas's Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and possibly Albania.-References:...
Pitymys thomasi - Savi's pine voleSavi's Pine VoleSavi's Pine Vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in France and Italy.-References: Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern....
Pitymys savii - European water vole Arvicola amphibius
- Southwestern Water VoleSouthwestern Water VoleThe Southwestern Water Vole or Southern Water Vole, Arvicola sapidus is a large amphibious vole found in most of France and south-westwards through Spain and Portugal. Although historically considered to be a member of the same species as the Eurasian Water Vole, Musser and Carleton considered it...
Arvicola sapidus (Spain and France) - MuskratMuskratThe muskrat , the only species in genus Ondatra, is a medium-sized semi-aquatic rodent native to North America, and introduced in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands and is a very successful animal over a wide range of climates and habitats...
Ondatra zibethicus (introduced) - Greater mole ratGreater Mole RatThe Greater Mole Rat is a species of rodent in the Spalacidae family. It is found in Russia and Ukraine.-Description:...
Spalax microphthalmus (eastern Europe) - Lesser mole ratLesser Mole RatThe Lesser Mole Rat is a species of rodent in the Spalacidae family. It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Turkey, and Ukraine...
Spalax leucodon (eastern Europe) - Brown ratBrown RatThe brown rat, common rat, sewer rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Brown Norway rat, Norwegian rat, or wharf rat is one of the best known and most common rats....
Rattus norvegicus (introduced) - Black ratBlack RatThe black rat is a common long-tailed rodent of the genus Rattus in the subfamily Murinae . The species originated in tropical Asia and spread through the Near East in Roman times before reaching Europe by the 1st century and spreading with Europeans across the world.-Taxonomy:The black rat was...
Rattus rattus (introduced) - Wood mouseWood mouseThe wood mouse is a common murid rodent from Europe and northwestern Africa. It is closely related to the yellow-necked mouse but differs in that it has no band of yellow fur around the neck, has slightly smaller ears, and is usually slightly smaller overall: around 90 mm in length...
Apodemus sylvaticus - Yellow-necked mouseYellow-necked mouseThe Yellow-necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis is closely related to the wood mouse, with which it was long confused, only being recognised as a separate species in 1894. It differs in its band of yellow fur around the neck and in having slightly larger ears and usually being slightly larger overall....
Apodemus flavicollis - Pygmy field mouse Apodemus microps (eastern Europe)
- Broad-toothed Field MouseBroad-toothed Field MouseThe Broad-toothed Field Mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.It is found in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Serbia and Montenegro....
Apodemus mystacinus (south-eastern Europe) - Striped field mouseStriped Field MouseThe Striped Field Mouse is a rodent in the family Muridae. The range of this species stretches from Eastern Europe to Japan, including Taiwan and Siberia....
Apodemus agrarius (eastern Europe) - Eurasian harvest mouse Micromys minutus
- House mouseHouse mouseThe house mouse is a small rodent, a mouse, one of the most numerous species of the genus Mus.As a wild animal the house mouse mainly lives associated with humans, causing damage to crops and stored food....
Mus musculus - Algerian mouseAlgerian MouseThe Algerian mouse, or western Mediterranean mouse, is a wild species of mouse closely related to the house mouse, native to open habitats around the western Mediterranean.-Description:...
Mus spretus (France, Spain and Portugal) - Steppe mouse Mus spicilegus (south-eastern Europe)
- Cypriot MouseCypriot MouseThe Cypriot mouse is a species of mouse native to Cyprus. Its primary habitat seems to be the vineyards and fields of the Troödos Mountains region....
Mus cypriacus (Cyprus) - Cretan spiny mouse Acomys minous (CreteCreteCrete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits...
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Birch miceBirch mouseBirch mice are small jumping desert rodents that resemble mice with a long tufted tail and very long hind legs, allowing for remarkable leaps. All variants possess a long tail of of length and weigh about . The head length lies between...
- Northern birch mouseNorthern Birch MouseThe Northern Birch Mouse is a small rodent about 5 to 8 cm long , weighing 4.5 to 13 g. It lives in Siberia in forest and marsh zones....
Sicista betulina (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
and north-eastern Europe) - Southern birch mouseSouthern Birch MouseThe Southern Birch Mouse is a species of birch mouse in the family Dipodidae.The most prominent characteristic of the Southern Birch Mouse is the dark stripe down the center of the back, which is bordered by two narrow bright stripes on both sides. From head to rump it measures from 56 to 72 mm,...
Sicista subtilis (south-eastern Europe)
BearBearBears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern...
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- Polar bearPolar BearThe polar bear is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size...
Ursus maritimus (SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
, migrant to IcelandIcelandIceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
and northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - Brown bearBrown BearThe brown bear is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. It can weigh from and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak Bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator.There are several recognized...
Ursus arctos
Wolves and foxFoxFox is a common name for many species of omnivorous mammals belonging to the Canidae family. Foxes are small to medium-sized canids , characterized by possessing a long narrow snout, and a bushy tail .Members of about 37 species are referred to as foxes, of which only 12 species actually belong to...
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- Gray WolfGray WolfThe gray wolf , also known as the wolf, is the largest extant wild member of the Canidae family...
Canis lupus (Spain, Italy, France, Germany, ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
and eastern Europe) - Golden JackalGolden JackalThe golden jackal , also known as the common jackal, Asiatic jackal, thos or gold-wolf is a Canid of the genus Canis indigenous to north and northeastern Africa, southeastern and central Europe , Asia Minor, the Middle East and southeast Asia...
Canis aureus (Russia and south-eastern Europe) - Red foxRed FoxThe red fox is the largest of the true foxes, as well as being the most geographically spread member of the Carnivora, being distributed across the entire northern hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, Central America, and the steppes of Asia...
Vulpes vulpes - Corsac foxCorsac FoxThe corsac fox , also known as the steppe fox, is a medium sized Asiatic fox species found throughout the central steppes of Asia. It is sometimes referred to as the "sand fox", but this terminology is confusing because two other species, the Tibetan sand fox and Rüppell's fox are also sometimes...
Vulpes corsac (Along southern Volga) - Arctic foxArctic foxThe arctic fox , also known as the white fox, polar fox or snow fox, is a small fox native to Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and is common throughout the Arctic tundra biome. The Greek word alopex, means a fox and Vulpes is the Latin version...
Alopex lagopus (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
and IcelandIcelandIceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
) - Raccoon dogRaccoon DogThe raccoon dog , also known as the magnut or tanuki, is a canid indigenous to east Asia. It is the only extant species in the genus Nyctereutes...
Nyctereutes procyonoides (introduced)
WeaselWeaselWeasels are mammals forming the genus Mustela of the Mustelidae family. They are small, active predators, long and slender with short legs....
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- StoatStoatThe stoat , also known as the ermine or short-tailed weasel, is a species of Mustelid native to Eurasia and North America, distinguished from the least weasel by its larger size and longer tail with a prominent black tip...
Mustela erminea - Least weaselLeast WeaselThe least weasel is the smallest member of the Mustelidae , native to Eurasia, North America and North Africa, though it has been introduced elsewhere. It is classed as Least Concern by the IUCN, due to its wide distribution and presumably large population...
Mustela nivalis - European minkEuropean minkThe European mink , also known as the Russian mink, is a semi-aquatic species of Mustelid native to Europe. It is listed by the IUCN as Endangered due to an ongoing reduction in numbers, having been calculated as being more than 50% over the past three generations...
Mustela lutreola (eastern Europe) - American minkAmerican MinkThe American mink is a semi-aquatic species of Mustelid native to North America, though human intervention has expanded its range to many parts of Europe and South America. Because of this, it is classed as Least Concern by the IUCN. Since the extinction of the sea mink, the American mink is the...
Mustela vison (Germany, BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and the NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, introduced) - European polecatEuropean polecatThe European polecat , also known as the black or forest polecat , is a species of Mustelid native to western Eurasia and North Africa, which is classed by the IUCN as Least Concern due to its wide range and large numbers. It is of a generally dark brown colour, with a pale underbelly and a dark...
Mustela putorius - Steppe polecatSteppe polecatThe steppe polecat , also known as the white or masked polecat, is a species of Mustelid native to Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia...
Mustela eversmanni - Marbled polecatMarbled polecatThe marbled polecat is a small mammal belonging to the monotypic genus Vormela within the Mustelinae subfamily. Vormela is from the German word Würmlein, which means "little Worm". The term peregusna comes from pereguznya, which is Ukrainian for polecat...
Vormela peregusna (eastern Europe) - Pine martenPine MartenThe European Pine Marten , known most commonly as the pine marten in Anglophone Europe, and less commonly also known as Pineten, baum marten, or sweet marten, is an animal native to Northern Europe belonging to the mustelid family, which also includes mink, otter, badger, wolverine and weasel. It...
Martes martes - Beech martenBeech MartenThe beech marten , also known as the stone marten or white breasted marten, is a species of marten native to much of Europe and Central Asia, though it has established a feral population in North America. It is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN on account of its wide distribution, its large...
Martes foina (southern Europe) - WolverineWolverineThe wolverine, pronounced , Gulo gulo , also referred to as glutton, carcajou, skunk bear, or quickhatch, is the largest land-dwelling species of the family Mustelidae . It is a stocky and muscular carnivore, more closely resembling a small bear than other mustelids...
Gulo gulo (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - European OtterEuropean OtterThe European Otter , also known as the Eurasian otter, Eurasian river otter, common otter and Old World otter, is a European and Asian member of the Lutrinae or otter subfamily, and is typical of freshwater otters....
Lutra lutra - Eurasian BadgerEurasian BadgerThe European Badger is a species of badger of the genus Meles, native to almost all of Europe. It is classed as Least Concern for extinction by the IUCN, due to its wide distribution and large population....
Meles meles
MongooseMongooseMongoose are a family of 33 living species of small carnivorans from southern Eurasia and mainland Africa. Four additional species from Madagascar in the subfamily Galidiinae, which were previously classified in this family, are also referred to as "mongooses" or "mongoose-like"...
s and genetGenet (animal)Genets are Old World mammals from the order Carnivora, family Viverridae, related to civets and linsangs. All species are contained within the genus Genetta, although the Aquatic Genet is sometimes housed in its own genus Osbornictis....
- Egyptian mongooseEgyptian mongooseThe Egyptian Mongoose , also known as the Ichneumon, is a species of mongoose. It may be a reservoir host for Visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan.-Range and habitat:...
Herpestes ichneumon (Spain and Portugal, introduced) - Common genetCommon GenetThe Common Genet , also known as the Small-spotted Genet or European Genet, is a mammal from the order Carnivora, related to civets and linsangs. The most far-ranging of all the fourteen species of genet, it can be found throughout Africa, parts of the Middle East, and in Europe in Spain, Portugal,...
Genetta genetta (France, Spain and Portugal)
CatCatThe cat , also known as the domestic cat or housecat to distinguish it from other felids and felines, is a small, usually furry, domesticated, carnivorous mammal that is valued by humans for its companionship and for its ability to hunt vermin and household pests...
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- Eurasian lynxEurasian LynxThe Eurasian lynx is a medium-sized cat native to European and Siberian forests, South Asia and East Asia. It is also known as the European lynx, common lynx, the northern lynx, and the Siberian or Russian lynx...
Lynx lynx - Iberian lynxIberian LynxThe Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus, is a critically endangered species native to the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe. It is one of the most endangered cat species in the world. According to the conservation group SOS Lynx, if this species died out, it would be one of the few feline extinctions...
Lynx pardinus - WildcatWildcatWildcat is a small felid native to Europe, the western part of Asia, and Africa.-Animals:Wildcat may also refer to members of the genus Lynx:...
Felis silvestris - European LionEuropean lionEuropean lion could be an extinct subspecies of lion that inhabited southern Europe until historic times. This population is generally considered part of the Asiatic lion , but others consider it a separate subspecies, the European lion...
Panthera leo europaea (extinct) - European Leopard Panthera pardus europaea (extinct)
SealEarless sealThe true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal superfamily, Pinnipedia. All true seals are members of the family Phocidae . They are sometimes called crawling seals to distinguish them from the fur seals and sea lions of the family Otariidae...
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- Common seal Phoca vitulina
- Ringed sealRinged SealThe ringed seal , also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions...
Pusa hispida (formerly Phoca hispida) (Northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - Grey sealGrey SealThe grey seal is found on both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is a large seal of the family Phocidae or "true seals". It is the only species classified in the genus Halichoerus...
Halichoerus grypus (NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, BalticBaltic SeaThe Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
. Great BritainGreat BritainGreat Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
and Ireland) - Mediterranean monk sealMediterranean Monk SealThe Mediterranean monk seal is a pinniped belonging to the Phocidae family. At some 450-510 remaining individuals, it is believed to be the world's second-rarest pinniped , and one of the most endangered mammals in the world.It is present in parts of the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic...
Monachus monachus (Mediterranean) - Harp sealHarp SealThe harp seal or saddleback seal is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean. It now belongs to the monotypic genus Pagophilus. Its scientific name, Pagophilus groenlandicus, means "ice-lover from Greenland", and its synonym, Phoca...
Pagophilus groenlandicus (formerly Phoca groenlandicus) (Northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - Bearded sealBearded SealThe bearded seal , also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean. It gets its generic name from two Greek words that refer to its heavy jaw...
Erignatus barbatus (Northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - Hooded sealHooded SealThe hooded seal is an arctic pinniped found only in the central and western North Atlantic ranging from Svalbard in the east to the Gulf of St...
Cystophora cristata (Northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
)
WalrusWalrusThe walrus is a large flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. The walrus is the only living species in the Odobenidae family and Odobenus genus. It is subdivided into three subspecies: the Atlantic...
- WalrusWalrusThe walrus is a large flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. The walrus is the only living species in the Odobenidae family and Odobenus genus. It is subdivided into three subspecies: the Atlantic...
Odobenus rosmarus (SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
, IcelandIcelandIceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
and as migrant further south)
Odd-toed ungulateOdd-toed ungulateAn odd-toed ungulate is a mammal with hooves that feature an odd number of toes. Odd-toed ungulates comprise the order Perissodactyla . The middle toe on each hoof is usually larger than its neighbours...
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- Przewalski's HorsePrzewalski's HorsePrzewalski's Horse or Dzungarian Horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse native to the steppes of central Asia, specifically China and Mongolia.At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu...
Equus ferus (Regionally extinct) - Feral horseHorseThe horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
Equus ferus caballus - Feral donkeyDonkeyThe donkey or ass, Equus africanus asinus, is a domesticated member of the Equidae or horse family. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African Wild Ass, E...
Equus africanus asinus - Woolly RhinocerosWoolly RhinocerosThe woolly rhinoceros is an extinct species of rhinoceros that was common throughout Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene epoch and survived the last glacial period. The genus name Coelodonta means "cavity tooth"...
Coelodonta antiquitatis (extinct)
Bovids
- European bison Bison bonasus (LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
and Białowieża) - Musk oxMusk OxThe muskox is an Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted by males, from which its name derives. This musky odor is used to attract females during mating season...
Ovibos moschatus (SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
and northern ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
, reintroduced) - MouflonMouflonThe mouflon is a subspecies group of the wild sheep Ovis aries. Populations of Ovis aries can be partitioned into the mouflons and urials or arkars...
Ovis musimon (CorsicaCorsicaCorsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
, CyprusCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
and SardiniaSardiniaSardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
, introduced elsewhere) - Barbary sheepBarbary sheepThe Barbary Sheep is a species of caprid native to rocky mountains in North Africa. Six subspecies have been described. Although it is rare in its native North Africa, it has been introduced to North America, southern Europe and elsewhere...
Ammotragus lervia (Spain and Portugal, introduced) - Alpine ibexAlpine IbexThe Alpine ibex, , is a species of wild goat that lives in the mountains of the European Alps. In its habitat region, the species is known as bouquetin , steinbock , and stambecco ....
Capra ibex (France, Italy, SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
and Germany) - Spanish ibexSpanish ibexThe Iberian ibex, Spanish ibex, Spanish wild goat, or Iberian wild goat is a species of ibex with four subspecies. Of these, two can still be found on the Iberian Peninsula, but the remaining two are now extinct. The Portuguese subspecies became extinct in 1892 and the Pyrenean subspecies became...
Capra pyrenaica (Spain and Portugal) - Wild goatWild GoatThe wild goat is a widespread species of goat, with a distribution ranging from Europe and Asia Minor to central Asia and the Middle East. It is the ancestor of the domestic goat.-Social structure:...
Capra aegagrus (southern Europe and Russia) - ChamoisChamoisThe chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra, is a goat-antelope species native to mountains in Europe, including the Carpathian Mountains of Romania, the European Alps, the Tatra Mountains, the Balkans, parts of Turkey, and the Caucasus. The chamois has also been introduced to the South Island of New Zealand...
Rupicapra rupicaprus
DeerDeerDeer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. Species in the Cervidae family include white-tailed deer, elk, moose, red deer, reindeer, fallow deer, roe deer and chital. Male deer of all species and female reindeer grow and shed new antlers each year...
- Red deerRed DeerThe red deer is one of the largest deer species. Depending on taxonomy, the red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being...
Cervus elaphus - Sika deerSika DeerThe Sika Deer, Cervus nippon, also known as the Spotted Deer or the Japanese Deer, is a species of deer native to much of East Asia and introduced to various other parts of the world...
Cervus nippon (introduced) - Fallow deerFallow DeerThe Fallow Deer is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. This common species is native to western Eurasia, but has been introduced widely elsewhere. It often includes the rarer Persian Fallow Deer as a subspecies , while others treat it as an entirely different species The Fallow...
Dama dama - ChitalChitalThe chital or cheetal , also known as chital deer, spotted deer or axis deer is a deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and in small numbers in Pakistan...
Axis axis (introduced) - ElkMooseThe moose or Eurasian elk is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a dendritic configuration...
Alces alces (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - ReindeerReindeerThe reindeer , also known as the caribou in North America, is a deer from the Arctic and Subarctic, including both resident and migratory populations. While overall widespread and numerous, some of its subspecies are rare and one has already gone extinct.Reindeer vary considerably in color and size...
Rangifer rangifer (ScandinaviaScandinaviaScandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
) - White-tailed deerWhite-tailed DeerThe white-tailed deer , also known as the Virginia deer or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized deer native to the United States , Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru...
Odocoileus virginanus (introduced) - Roe deerRoe DeerThe European Roe Deer , also known as the Western Roe Deer, chevreuil or just Roe Deer, is a Eurasian species of deer. It is relatively small, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. Roe Deer are widespread in Western Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, and from...
Capreolus capreolus - Chinese Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi (Britain, introduced)
- Chinese water deer Hydropoes inermis (Britain, introduced)
- Pere David's deerPère David's DeerPère David's Deer, Elaphurus davidianus, also known as the Milu , is a species of deer known only in captivity. It prefers marshland, and is believed to be native to the subtropics of China. It grazes on a mixture of grass and water plants. It is the only extant member of the genus Elaphurus...
Elaphurus davidianus (introduced)
Baleen whaleBaleen whaleThe Baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, form the Mysticeti, one of two suborders of the Cetacea . Baleen whales are characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water, rather than having teeth. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans,...
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- Fin whaleFin WhaleThe fin whale , also called the finback whale, razorback, or common rorqual, is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second longest whale and the sixth largest living animal after the blue whale, bowhead whale, and right whales, growing to nearly 27 metres long...
Balaenoptera physalis - Blue whaleBlue WhaleThe blue whale is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales . At in length and or more in weight, it is the largest known animal to have ever existed....
Balaenoptera musculus - Sei whaleSei WhaleThe sei whale , Balaenoptera borealis, is a baleen whale, the third-largest rorqual after the blue whale and the fin whale. It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids polar and tropical waters and semi-enclosed bodies of water...
Balaenoptera borealis - Minke whaleMinke WhaleMinke whale , or lesser rorqual, is a name given to two species of marine mammal belonging to a clade within the suborder of baleen whales. The minke whale was given its official designation by Lacepède in 1804, who described a dwarf form of Balænoptera acuto-rostrata...
Balaenoptera acuturostrata - Humpback whaleHumpback WhaleThe humpback whale is a species of baleen whale. One of the larger rorqual species, adults range in length from and weigh approximately . The humpback has a distinctive body shape, with unusually long pectoral fins and a knobbly head. It is an acrobatic animal, often breaching and slapping the...
Megaptera novaeangliae - North Atlantic right whaleNorth Atlantic Right WhaleThe North Atlantic right whale which means "good, or true, whale of the ice") is a baleen whale, one of three right whale species belonging to the genus Eubalaena, formerly classified as a single species. With only 400 in existence, North Atlantic right whales are among the most endangered whales...
Eubalaena glacialis - Bowhead whaleBowhead WhaleThe bowhead whale is a baleen whale of the right whale family Balaenidae in suborder Mysticeti. A stocky dark-colored whale without a dorsal fin, it can grow to in length. This thick-bodied species can weigh to , second only to the blue whale, although the bowhead's maximum length is less than...
Balaena mysticetus
Sperm whaleSperm WhaleThe sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, is a marine mammal species, order Cetacea, a toothed whale having the largest brain of any animal. The name comes from the milky-white waxy substance, spermaceti, found in the animal's head. The sperm whale is the only living member of genus Physeter...
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- Sperm whaleSperm WhaleThe sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, is a marine mammal species, order Cetacea, a toothed whale having the largest brain of any animal. The name comes from the milky-white waxy substance, spermaceti, found in the animal's head. The sperm whale is the only living member of genus Physeter...
Physeter macrocephalus - Pygmy sperm whalePygmy Sperm WhaleThe Pygmy Sperm Whale is one of three species of toothed whale in the sperm whale family. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded specimens.-Taxonomy:...
Kogia breviceps
Beaked whaleBeaked whaleBeaked whales are 21 species of toothed whales, members of the family Ziphiidae, are notable for their elongated beaks. Beaked whales are one of the world's most extreme divers. They can dive for long periods—20 to 30 minutes is common, and 85 minute dives have been recorded—and to...
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- Bottle-nosed whale Hyperoodon ampullatus
- Cuvier's beaked whaleCuvier's Beaked WhaleCuvier's beaked whale is the most widely distributed of all the beaked whales. It is the only member of the genus Ziphius. Another common name for the species is goose-beaked whale because its head is said to be shaped like the beak of a goose. Georges Cuvier first described it in 1823 from part...
Ziphius cavirostris - Sowerby's beaked whaleSowerby's Beaked WhaleSowerby's beaked whale , also known as the North Atlantic/North Sea beaked whale, was the first beaked whale to be described. James Sowerby, an English naturalist and artist, first described the species in 1804 from a skull obtained from a male that had stranded in the Moray Firth, Scotland, in 1800...
Mesoplodon bidens - True's beaked whaleTrue's Beaked WhaleThe True's Beaked Whale is a medium sized whale in the Mesoplodont genus. The common name is in reference to Frederick W. True, a curator at the United States National Museum...
Mesoplodon mirus - Gray's beaked whaleGray's Beaked WhaleGray's beaked whale , sometimes known as Haast's beaked whale, the Scamperdown whale, or the southern beaked whale, is one of the better-known members of the genus Mesoplodon. The scientific name refers to John Edward Gray, a zoologist at the British Museum. This species is fairly gregarious and...
Mesoplodon grayi - Gervais' beaked whaleGervais' Beaked WhaleGervais' beaked whale , sometimes known as the Antillian beaked whale, Gulf Stream beaked whale, or European beaked whale is the most frequently stranding type of mesoplodont whale off the coast of North America...
Mesoplodon europaeus - Blainville's beaked whaleBlainville's Beaked WhaleBlainville's beaked whale , or the dense-beaked whale, is the widest ranging mesoplodont whale and perhaps the most documented. Henri de Blainville first described the species in 1817 from a small piece of jaw—the heaviest bone he had ever come across—which resulted in the name densirostris...
Mesoplodon densirostris
White whales
- White whale Delphinapterus leucas (Arctic OceanArctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
) - NarwhalNarwhalThe narwhal, Monodon monoceros, is a medium-sized toothed whale that lives year-round in the Arctic. One of two living species of whale in the Monodontidae family, along with the beluga whale, the narwhal males are distinguished by a characteristic long, straight, helical tusk extending from their...
Monodon monocero (Arctic OceanArctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
)
DolphinDolphinDolphins are marine mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in 17 genera. They vary in size from and , up to and . They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating...
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- Pilot whalePilot whalePilot whales are cetaceans belonging to the genus Globicephala. There are two extant species, the long-finned pilot whale and the short-finned pilot whale . The two are not readily distinguished at sea and analysis of the skulls is the best way to tell the difference between them...
Globicephala melaena - Killer whale Orcinus orca
- Bottle-nosed dolphin Tursiops truncatus
- Risso's dolphinRisso's DolphinRisso's dolphin is the only species of dolphin in the genus Grampus.-Taxonomy:Risso's dolphin is named after Antoine Risso, whose description formed the basis of the first public description of the animal, by Georges Cuvier, in 1812...
Grampus griseus - Rough-toothed dolphinRough-toothed DolphinThe Rough-toothed dolphin is species of dolphin that can be found in deep warm and tropical waters around the world.The species was first described by Georges Cuvier in 1823...
Steno bredanensis - False killer whaleFalse Killer WhaleThe False Killer Whale is a cetacean, and the third largest member of the oceanic dolphin family . It lives in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world. As its name implies, the False Killer Whale shares characteristics, such as appearance, with the more widely known Orca...
Pseudorca crassidens - Common dolphinCommon dolphinThe common dolphin is the name given to two species of dolphin making up the genus Delphinus.Prior to the mid-1990s, most taxonomists only recognised one species in this genus, the common dolphin Delphinus delphis...
Delphinus delphis - Striped dolphinStriped DolphinThe Striped Dolphin is an extensively studied dolphin that is found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans.-Taxonomy:...
Stenella coeruleoalba - Atlantic white-sided dolphinAtlantic White-sided DolphinThe Atlantic White-sided Dolphin is a distinctively coloured dolphin found in the cool to temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean.-Taxonomy:...
Lagenorhynchus acutus - White-beaked dolphinWhite-beaked DolphinThe White-beaked dolphin is a marine mammal belonging to the family Delphinidae in the suborder Odontoceti .-Taxonomy:...
Lagenorhynchus albirostris
See also
- List of European amphibians
- List of European birds
- List of European fish
- List of European insects
- List of European reptiles
- List of mammals
- List of regional mammals lists
- List of British mammals
- List of extinct animals of Europe