Horseshoe bat
Encyclopedia
Horseshoe bats are a family
of bat
s. In addition to the single living genus
, Rhinolophus, there is one extinct genus, Palaeonycteris. The closely related Hipposideridae are sometimes included within the horseshoe bats as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae. Both families are classified in the suborder Yinpterochiroptera
or Pteropodiformes and were previously included in Microchiroptera.
calls through these structures, which may serve to focus the sound. Their hind limbs are not well developed, so that they cannot walk on all fours; conversely, their wings are broad, making their flight particularly agile. Most rhinolophids are dull brown or reddish brown in color. They vary in size from 2.5 cm to 14 cm in head-body length, and 4 to 120 grams in weight (Macdonald, 1984). Their dental formula
is .
The females have a pair of mammary glands and two "false nipples" above and to the side of the genital opening, which newborn bats cling to for a few days after birth.
and tropical regions of southern Europe
, Africa
, and Asia
south to northern and eastern Australia
. All species are insectivorous, capturing insects in flight. Their roost habits are diverse; some species are found in large colonies in caves, some prefer hollow trees, and others sleep in the open, among the branches of trees. Members of northern populations may hibernate
during the winter, while a few are known to aestivate; at least one species is migratory. Like many Vespertilionidae bats, females of some rhinolophid species mate during the fall and store the sperm
over the winter, conceiving and gestating
young beginning in the spring.
Although horseshoe bats have traditionally been included in the suborder Microchiroptera ("microbats"), genetic evidence suggests they and a few other microbat families are more closely related to Pteropodidae, the only family of "megabats" (Megachiroptera). Therefore, Pteropodidae, horseshoe bats, and related families are now placed in a single suborder, called Yinpterochiroptera
or Pteropodiformes (Hutcheon and Kirsch, 2006).
, R. macrotis, R. pearsoni) were identified as natural reservoirs of SARS coronavirus
-like viruses, the causative agent of SARS
outbreaks in 2002–2004 (Li et al., 2005; Lau et al., 2005).
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of bat
Bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera "hand" and pteron "wing") whose forelimbs form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. By contrast, other mammals said to fly, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos, glide rather than fly,...
s. In addition to the single living genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
, Rhinolophus, there is one extinct genus, Palaeonycteris. The closely related Hipposideridae are sometimes included within the horseshoe bats as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae. Both families are classified in the suborder Yinpterochiroptera
Yinpterochiroptera
The Yinpterochiroptera is a proposed suborder of the Chiroptera, which includes the megabats and three of the microbat families: Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. This taxon is primarily based on molecular genetics data. This is a relatively recent proposal, which challenges the...
or Pteropodiformes and were previously included in Microchiroptera.
Appearance
All horseshoe bats have leaf-like, horseshoe-shaped protuberances on their noses. In the related Hipposideridae, these noseleafs are leaf- or spear-like. They emit echolocationAnimal echolocation
Echolocation, also called biosonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals.Echolocating animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to locate and identify the objects...
calls through these structures, which may serve to focus the sound. Their hind limbs are not well developed, so that they cannot walk on all fours; conversely, their wings are broad, making their flight particularly agile. Most rhinolophids are dull brown or reddish brown in color. They vary in size from 2.5 cm to 14 cm in head-body length, and 4 to 120 grams in weight (Macdonald, 1984). Their dental formula
Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, the characteristic arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age...
is .
The females have a pair of mammary glands and two "false nipples" above and to the side of the genital opening, which newborn bats cling to for a few days after birth.
Ecology
Rhinolophids inhabit temperateTemperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...
and tropical regions of southern Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, and Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
south to northern and eastern Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. All species are insectivorous, capturing insects in flight. Their roost habits are diverse; some species are found in large colonies in caves, some prefer hollow trees, and others sleep in the open, among the branches of trees. Members of northern populations may hibernate
Hibernation
Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate. Hibernating animals conserve food, especially during winter when food supplies are limited, tapping energy reserves, body fat, at a slow rate...
during the winter, while a few are known to aestivate; at least one species is migratory. Like many Vespertilionidae bats, females of some rhinolophid species mate during the fall and store the sperm
Sperm
The term sperm is derived from the Greek word sperma and refers to the male reproductive cells. In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and oogamy, there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm cell...
over the winter, conceiving and gestating
Gestation
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time ....
young beginning in the spring.
Classification
Horseshoe bats are closely related to the family Hipposideridae, which is often included within Rhinolophidae; however, it is now considered a separate family (Simmons, 2005; Hutcheon and Kirsch, 2006). In addition to the sole living genus, Rhinolophus, Rhinolophidae contains one extinct genus, Palaeonycteris (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Many species are extremely difficult to distinguish.Although horseshoe bats have traditionally been included in the suborder Microchiroptera ("microbats"), genetic evidence suggests they and a few other microbat families are more closely related to Pteropodidae, the only family of "megabats" (Megachiroptera). Therefore, Pteropodidae, horseshoe bats, and related families are now placed in a single suborder, called Yinpterochiroptera
Yinpterochiroptera
The Yinpterochiroptera is a proposed suborder of the Chiroptera, which includes the megabats and three of the microbat families: Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. This taxon is primarily based on molecular genetics data. This is a relatively recent proposal, which challenges the...
or Pteropodiformes (Hutcheon and Kirsch, 2006).
Medical significance
In September 2005, four Rhinolophus species (R. sinicus, R. ferrumequinumGreater Horseshoe Bat
The Greater Horseshoe Bat is a European bat of the Rhinolophus genus. Its distribution covers Europe, Africa, South Asia and Australia. It is the largest of the European Horseshoe Bats and is thus easily distinguished from other species...
, R. macrotis, R. pearsoni) were identified as natural reservoirs of SARS coronavirus
SARS coronavirus
The SARS coronavirus, sometimes shortened to SARS-CoV, is the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome . On April 16, 2003, following the outbreak of SARS in Asia and secondary cases elsewhere in the world, the World Health Organization issued a press release stating that the...
-like viruses, the causative agent of SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a respiratory disease in humans which is caused by the SARS coronavirus . Between November 2002 and July 2003 an outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong nearly became a pandemic, with 8,422 cases and 916 deaths worldwide according to the WHO...
outbreaks in 2002–2004 (Li et al., 2005; Lau et al., 2005).
List of species
Genus Rhinolophus- P. adami species group
- Adam's Horseshoe BatAdam's Horseshoe BatAdam's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitats are caves and subterranean habitats .-References:...
, Rhinolophus adami - Maendeleo Horseshoe BatMaendeleo Horseshoe BatThe Maendeleo Horseshoe Bat is a recently discovered species of bats in the Rhinolophidae family. It inhabits caves of the Coastal Lowland forests of Tanzania. Its closest relative Adam's Horseshoe Bat.-References:...
, Rhinolophus maendeleo
- Adam's Horseshoe Bat
- P. capensis species group
- Cape Horseshoe BatCape Horseshoe BatThe Cape Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to South Africa. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, caves, and subterranean habitats . It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Jacobs, D., Cotterill, F.W. & Taylor, P. 2004. ...
, Rhinolophus capensis - Dent's Horseshoe BatDent's Horseshoe BatDent's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family.It is found in Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The bat's natural habitats are dry savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats.-References:* Jacobs, D., Cotterill, F.W., Taylor,...
, Rhinolophus denti - Bushveld Horseshoe BatBushveld Horseshoe BatThe Bushveld Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, caves,...
, Rhinolophus simulator - Swinny's Horseshoe BatSwinny's Horseshoe BatSwinny's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Angola, Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, dry savanna, moist savanna, caves, and subterranean...
, Rhinolophus swinnyi
- Cape Horseshoe Bat
- P. euryale species group
- Mediterranean Horseshoe BatMediterranean Horseshoe BatThe Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in the Mediterranean region and balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.-Physical characteristics:...
, Rhinolophus euryale - Mehely's Horseshoe BatMehely's Horseshoe BatMehely's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in eastern Europe and parts of the Middle East.-Physical Appearance:...
, Rhinolophus mehelyi
- Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat
- P. euryotis species group
- Arcuate Horseshoe BatArcuate Horseshoe BatThe Arcuate Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines.-References:...
, Rhinolophus arcuatus (see also Andersen's Horseshoe BatAndersen's Horseshoe BatAndersen's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
) - Canut's Horseshoe BatCanut's Horseshoe BatCanut's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia....
, Rhinolophus canuti - Croslet Horseshoe BatCroslet Horseshoe BatThe Croslet Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus coelophyllus - Creagh's Horseshoe BatCreagh's Horseshoe BatCreagh's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus creaghi - Broad-eared Horseshoe BatBroad-eared Horseshoe BatThe Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus euryotis - Philippine Forest Horseshoe BatPhilippine Forest Horseshoe BatThe Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus inops - Large Rufous Horseshoe BatLarge Rufous Horseshoe BatThe Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus rufus - Shamel's Horseshoe BatShamel's Horseshoe BatShamel's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.-Source:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus shameli - Small Rufous Horseshoe BatSmall Rufous Horseshoe BatThe Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus subrufus
- Arcuate Horseshoe Bat
- P. ferrumequinum species group
- Bokhara Horseshoe BatBokhara Horseshoe BatThe Bokhara Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, possibly Iran , and possibly Pakistan.-References:...
, Rhinolophus bocharicus - Geoffroy's Horseshoe BatGeoffroy's Horseshoe BatGeoffroy's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, caves, subterranean habitats , and hot deserts.-References:* Jacobs, D., Cotterill, F.W., Taylor,...
, Rhinolophus clivosus - Darling's Horseshoe BatDarling's Horseshoe BatDarling's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats .-References:...
, Rhinolophus darlingi - Decken's Horseshoe BatDecken's Horseshoe BatDecken's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats...
, Rhinolophus deckenii - Greater Horseshoe BatGreater Horseshoe BatThe Greater Horseshoe Bat is a European bat of the Rhinolophus genus. Its distribution covers Europe, Africa, South Asia and Australia. It is the largest of the European Horseshoe Bats and is thus easily distinguished from other species...
, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum - Upland Horseshoe Bat (Hill's Horseshoe Bat)Hill's Horseshoe BatThe Hill's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Cameroon, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, caves, and subterranean habitats...
, Rhinolophus hillorum - Sakeji Horseshoe BatSakeji Horseshoe BatThe Sakeji Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Zambia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and moist savanna, especially Zambia, Mwinilunga District, Ikelenge Pedicle between the...
, Rhinolophus sakejiensis - Forest Horseshoe BatForest Horseshoe BatThe Forest Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Republic of the Congo and Gabon. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and caves. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Cotterill, F.W. 2004. . Downloaded on 30...
, Rhinolophus silvestris
- Bokhara Horseshoe Bat
- P. fumigatus species group
- Eloquent Horseshoe BatEloquent Horseshoe BatThe Eloquent Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, and caves. It is threatened by habitat...
, Rhinolophus eloquens - Rüppell's Horseshoe BatRüppell's Horseshoe BatRüppell's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats .-References:* Jacobs, D., Cotterill, F.W., Taylor, P. & Griffin, M. 2004. . ...
, Rhinolophus fumigatus - Hildebrandt's Horseshoe BatHildebrandt's Horseshoe BatHildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats .-References:...
, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii
- Eloquent Horseshoe Bat
- P. hipposideros species group
- Lesser horseshoe batLesser horseshoe batThe Lesser Horseshoe Bat , is a type of European bat related to but smaller than its cousin, the Greater Horseshoe Bat...
, Rhinolophus hipposideros
- Lesser horseshoe bat
- P. landeri species group
- Halcyon Horseshoe BatHalcyon Horseshoe BatThe Halcyon Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, possibly Gabon, and possibly Sierra Leone...
, Rhinolophus alcyone - Blasius's Horseshoe BatBlasius's Horseshoe BatBlasius's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found throughout large parts of the Mediterranean, Middle East and Northern Africa.-Physical appearance:...
, Rhinolophus blasii - Guinean Horseshoe BatGuinean Horseshoe BatThe Guinean Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Ivory Coast, Guinea, Liberia, Senegal, and Sierra Leone...
, Rhinolophus guineensis - Lander's Horseshoe BatLander's Horseshoe BatLander's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family found in Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, and caves.-References:...
, Rhinolophus landeri
- Halcyon Horseshoe Bat
- P. maclaudi species group
- Maclaud's Horseshoe BatMaclaud's Horseshoe BatMaclaud's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Guinea. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats . It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Rhinolophus maclaudi - Ruwenzori Horseshoe BatRuwenzori Horseshoe BatThe Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, caves, and subterranean habitats...
, Rhinolophus ruwenzorii
- Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat
- P. megaphyllus species group
- Intermediate Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus affinis
- Bornean Horseshoe BatBornean Horseshoe BatThe Bornean Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus borneensis - Sulawesi Horseshoe BatSulawesi Horseshoe BatThe Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus celebensis - Malayan Horseshoe BatMalayan Horseshoe BatThe Malayan Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus malayanus - Smaller Horseshoe BatSmaller Horseshoe BatThe Smaller Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand.-References:...
, Rhinolophus megaphyllus - Neriad Horseshoe BatNeriad Horseshoe BatThe Neriad Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus nereis - Lesser Brown Horseshoe BatLesser Brown Horseshoe BatThe Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus stheno - Yellow-faced Horseshoe BatYellow-faced Horseshoe BatThe Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus virgo
- P. pearsonii species group
- Pearson's Horseshoe BatPearson's Horseshoe BatPearson's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus pearsonii - Dobson's Horseshoe BatDobson's Horseshoe BatDobson's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, and Thailand.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus yunanensis
- Pearson's Horseshoe Bat
- P. philippinensis species group
- Big-eared Horseshoe BatBig-eared Horseshoe BatThe Big-eared Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus macrotis - Marshall's Horseshoe BatMarshall's Horseshoe BatMarshall's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 2000. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus marshalli - Timorese Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus montanus
- Bourret's Horseshoe BatBourret's Horseshoe BatBourret's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus paradoxolophus - Large-eared Horseshoe BatLarge-eared Horseshoe BatThe Large-eared Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines.-References:...
, Rhinolophus philippinensis - King Horseshoe BatKing Horseshoe BatThe King Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to China.Lives along the east coast of China-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus rex
- Big-eared Horseshoe Bat
- P. pusillus species group
- Acuminate Horseshoe BatAcuminate Horseshoe BatThe Acuminate Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.-References:...
, Rhinolophus acuminatus - Andaman Horseshoe BatAndaman Horseshoe BatThe Andaman Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to India. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical swamps.-References:* Participants of CBSG CAMP Workshop:...
, Rhinolophus cognatus - Convex Horseshoe BatConvex Horseshoe BatThe Convex Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Malaysia.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 2000. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus convexus - Little Japanese Horseshoe BatLittle Japanese Horseshoe BatThe Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Japan and possibly China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
, Rhinolophus cornutus - Imaizumi's Horseshoe BatImaizumi's Horseshoe BatImaizumi's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Japan. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
, Rhinolophus imaizumii - Blyth's Horseshoe BatBlyth's Horseshoe BatBlyth's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus lepidus - Formosan Lesser Horseshoe BatFormosan Lesser Horseshoe BatThe Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Taiwan.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus monoceros - Osgood's Horseshoe BatOsgood's Horseshoe BatOsgood's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to China. Its name refers to Wilfred Hudson Osgood.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus osgoodi - Least Horseshoe BatLeast Horseshoe BatThe Least Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus pusillus - Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus shortridgei
- Little Nepalese Horseshoe BatLittle Nepalese Horseshoe BatThe Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar and Nepal, possibly in Bhutan.-References:...
, Rhinolophus subbadius
- Acuminate Horseshoe Bat
- P. rouxii species group
- Rufous Horseshoe BatRufous Horseshoe BatThe Rufous Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus rouxii - Chinese Rufous Horseshoe BatChinese Rufous Horseshoe BatThe Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China, India, Nepal, and Vietnam.The species is most easily confused with R...
, Rhinolophus sinicus - Thomas's Horseshoe BatThomas's Horseshoe BatThomas's Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus thomasi
- Rufous Horseshoe Bat
- P. trifoliatus species group
- Lesser Woolly Horseshoe BatLesser Woolly Horseshoe BatThe Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, caves, and urban areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Participants of CBSG CAMP Workshop:...
, Rhinolophus beddomei - Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus formosae
- Woolly Horseshoe BatWoolly Horseshoe BatThe Woolly Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.-References:...
, Rhinolophus luctus - Lesser woolly Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus sedulusRhinolophus sedulusThe Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
- Trefoil Horseshoe BatTrefoil Horseshoe BatThe Trefoil Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand.-References:...
, Rhinolophus trifoliatus
- Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat
- incertae sedisIncertae sedis, is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...
- Mitred Horseshoe BatMitred Horseshoe BatThe Mitred Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to India.-References:* Participants of CBSG CAMP Workshop: Status of South Asian Chiroptera 2004. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus mitratus
- Mitred Horseshoe Bat
- Rhinolophus chiewkweeae
- Hill's Horseshoe BatRhinolophus hilliRhinolophus hilli is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Rwanda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, caves, and subterranean habitats . It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Rhinolophus hilli - Rhinolophus huananus
- Insular Horseshoe BatInsular Horseshoe BatThe Insular Horseshoe Bat is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia.-References:* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 30 July 2007....
, Rhinolophus keyensis - Madura Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus madurensis
- Rhinolophus microglobosus
- Rhinolophus robinsoni
- Rhinolophus schnitzleri
- Thai Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus siamensis
- Rhinolophus thailandensis
- Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis
- Ziama Horseshoe BatRhinolophus ziamaRhinolophus ziama is a species of bat in the Rhinolophidae family. It is found in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:*Decher, J., R. W....
, Rhinolophus ziama