Snow White
Encyclopedia
"Snow White" is a fairy tale
Fairy tale
A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features such folkloric characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments. However, only a small number of the stories refer to fairies...

 known from many countries in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

, the best known version being the German one collected by the Brothers Grimm
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm , Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm , were German academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who collected folklore and published several collections of it as Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular...

 . The German version features elements such as the magic mirror, the poisoned apple, the glass coffin, and the seven dwarves, who were first given individual names in the 1912 Broadway play Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a Broadway play that debuted at the Little Theatre on West 44th Street, New York City, on October 31, 1912...

 and then given different names in Disney's 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated film based on Snow White, a German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. It was the first full-length cel-animated feature in motion picture history, as well as the first animated feature film produced in America, the first produced in full...

.
The Grimm story, which is commonly referred to as "Snow White," should not be confused with the story of "Snow White and Rose Red," another fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm (which is written with the German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

 name Schneeweißchen, rather than Schneewittchen, which was originally Sneewittchen and is actually a Low German
Low German
Low German or Low Saxon is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands...

 name).

In the Aarne-Thompson folklore classification, tales of this kind are grouped together as type 709, Snow White. Others of this kind include Bella Venezia
Bella Venezia
Bella Venezia is an Italian fairy tale collected by Italo Calvino in his Italian Folktales. Calvino selected this variant, where the heroine meets robbers, rather than others that contain dwarfs, because he believed the dwarfs were probably an importation from Germany.It is Aarne-Thompson type...

,
Myrsina
Myrsina
Myrsina or Myrtle is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in Folktales of Greece. Other variants were collected by Anna Angelopoulou....

,
Nourie Hadig
Nourie Hadig
Nourie Hadig is an Armenian fairy tale collected by Susie Hoogasian-Villa in 100 Armenian Tales. Her informant was Mrs. Akabi Mooradian, an Armenian living in Detroit.It is Aarne-Thompson type 709...

and Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree
Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree
Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree is a Scottish fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in his Celtic Fairy Tales. It is Aarne-Thompson type 709, Snow White. Others of this type include Bella Venezia, Nourie Hadig, and Myrsina.-Synopsis:...

.

Story outline

The English translation of the definitive edition of the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Berlin 1857), tale number 53, is the basis for the English translation by D. L. Ashliman.

Once upon a time as a queen sits sewing at her window, she pricks her finger on her needle and three drops of blood fall on the snow that had fallen on her ebony
Ebony
Ebony is a dense black wood, most commonly yielded by several species in the genus Diospyros, but ebony may also refer to other heavy, black woods from unrelated species. Ebony is dense enough to sink in water. Its fine texture, and very smooth finish when polished, make it valuable as an...

 window frame. As she looks at the blood on the snow, she says to herself, "Oh, how I wish that I had a daughter that had skin white as snow, lips red as blood, and hair black as ebony". Soon after that, the queen gives birth to a baby girl who has skin white as snow, lips red as blood, and hair black as ebony. They name her Princess Snow White. As soon as the child is born, the queen dies.

Soon after, the king takes a new wife, who is beautiful but also very vain. The Queen possesses a magical mirror
Magic Mirror
Magic Mirror is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher which was first printed in January, 1946.It depicts a mirror standing vertically on wooden supports on a tiled surface. The perspective is looking down at an angle at the right hand side of the mirror. There is a sphere at each...

, an animate object that answers any question, to whom she often asks: "Mirror, mirror on the wall / Who is the most beautiful of all?" (in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 "Spieglein, Spieglein, an der Wand / Wer ist die Schönste im ganzen Land?") to which the mirror always replies "You, my queen, are fairest of all." But when Snow White reaches the age of seven, she becomes as beautiful as the day, and when the queen asks her mirror, it responds: "Queen, you are full fair, 'tis true, but Snow White is fairer than you." Though in another version, the mirror simply replies: "Snow White is the fairest of them all."

The queen becomes jealous, and orders a huntsman
Huntsman
Huntsman may refer to:*Hunters who:**use guns/weapons for hunting**hunt with horses and dogs *Huntsman is also used as a military designation for units traditionally raised from huntsmen, see Huntsmen...

 to take Snow White into the woods
Enchanted forest
In literature, an enchanted forest is a forest under, or containing, enchantments. Such forests are described in the oldest folklore from regions where forests are common, and occur throughout the centuries to modern works of fantasy...

 to be killed. She demands that the huntsman, as proof of killing Snow White, return with her lungs and her liver
Liver
The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...

. The huntsman takes Snow White into the forest, but after raising his knife to stab her, he finds himself unable to kill her as he has fallen deeply in love with her. Instead, he lets her go, telling her to flee and hide from the Queen. He then brings the queen the lungs and the liver of a boar
Boar
Wild boar, also wild pig, is a species of the pig genus Sus, part of the biological family Suidae. The species includes many subspecies. It is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig, an animal with which it freely hybridises...

, which is prepared by the cook and eaten by the queen.

In the forest, Snow White discovers a tiny cottage belonging to a group of seven dwarves, where she rests. There, the dwarves take pity on her, saying "If you will keep house for us, and cook, make beds, wash, sew, and knit, and keep everything clean and orderly, then you can stay with us, and you shall have everything that you want." They warn her to take care and let no one in when they are away delving in the mountains. Meanwhile, the Queen asks her mirror once again "Who's the fairest of them all?", and is horrified to learn that Snow White is not only alive and well and living with the dwarves, but is still the fairest of them all.

Three times
Rule of three (writing)
The "rule of three" is a principle in writing that suggests that things that come in threes are inherently funnier, more satisfying, or more effective than other numbers of things. The reader/audience of this form of text is also more likely to consume information if it is written in groups of...

 the Queen disguises herself and visits the dwarves' cottage while they are away during the day, trying to kill Snow White. First, disguised as a peddler
Peddler
A peddler, in British English pedlar, also known as a canvasser, cheapjack, monger, or solicitor , is a travelling vendor of goods. In England, the term was mostly used for travellers hawking goods in the countryside to small towns and villages; they might also be called tinkers or gypsies...

, the Queen offers colorful stay-laces
Bodice
A bodice, historically, is an article of clothing for women, covering the body from the neck to the waist. In modern usage it typically refers to a specific type of upper garment common in Europe during the 16th to the 18th century, or to the upper portion of a modern dress to distinguish it from...

 and laces Snow White up so tight that she faints, causing the Queen to leave her dead on the floor. However, Snow White is revived by the dwarves when they loosen the laces. Next, the Queen dresses as a different old woman and brushes Snow White's hair with a poisoned comb
Comb
A comb is a toothed device used in hair care for straightening and cleaning hair or other fibres. Combs are among the oldest tools found by archaeologists...

. Snow White again collapses, but again is saved by the dwarves. Finally, the Queen makes a poisoned apple
Apple (symbolism)
Apples appear in many religious traditions, often as a mystical or forbidden fruit. One of the problems identifying apples in religion, mythology and folktales is that as late as the 17th century, the word "apple" was used as a generic term for all fruit other than berries, but including nuts...

, and in the disguise of a farmer's wife, offers it to Snow White. When she is hesitant to accept it, the Queen cuts the apple in half, eats the white part and gives the poisoned red part to Snow White. She eats the apple eagerly and immediately falls into a deep stupor
Stupor
Stupor is the lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. This is often mistaken for delirium and treated with Haldol and or other anti-psychotic drugs...

. When the dwarves find her, they cannot revive her, and they place her in a glass coffin
Coffin
A coffin is a funerary box used in the display and containment of dead people – either for burial or cremation.Contemporary North American English makes a distinction between "coffin", which is generally understood to denote a funerary box having six sides in plan view, and "casket", which...

, assuming that she is dead.

Time passes, and a prince traveling through the land sees Snow White. He strides to her coffin. The prince is enchanted by her beauty and instantly falls in love with her. He begs the dwarves to let him have the coffin. The prince's servants carry the coffin away. While doing so, they stumble on some roots and the movement causes the piece of poisoned apple to dislodge from Snow White's throat, awakening her. The prince then declares his love for her and soon a wedding is planned.

The vain Queen, still believing that Snow White is dead, once again asks her mirror who is the fairest in the land, and yet again the mirror disappoints her by responding that "You, my queen, are fair; it is true. But the young queen is a thousand times fairer than you."

Not knowing that this new queen was indeed her stepdaughter, she arrives at the wedding, and her heart fills with the deepest of dread when she realizes the truth. As punishment for her wicked ways, a pair of heated iron shoes are brought forth with tongs and placed before the Queen. She is then forced to step into the iron shoes and dance until she drops dead. (Other versions imply that she dies of a heart attack.)

Comments

In their first edition, the Brothers Grimm
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm , Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm , were German academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who collected folklore and published several collections of it as Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular...

 published the version they had first collected, in which the villain of the piece is Snow White's jealous mother. In a version sent to another folklorist prior to the first edition, additionally, she does not order a servant to take her to the woods, but takes her there herself to gather flowers and abandons her; in the first edition, this task was transferred to a servant. It is believed that the change to a stepmother in later editions was to tone down the story for children.

Snow White's triple seeming-death and resurrection, beyond an amusement or wish-fulfilling
Wishful thinking
Wishful thinking is the formation of beliefs and making decisions according to what might be pleasing to imagine instead of by appealing to evidence, rationality or reality...

 temporary escape, fulfills the initiatory
Initiation
Initiation is a rite of passage ceremony marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components...

 process of life, as Mircea Eliade
Mircea Eliade
Mircea Eliade was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago. He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day...

 described it: "What is called 'initiation' coexists with the human condition, reaffirms the ultimate religious significance of life and the real possibility of a 'happy ending.'"

Maria Tatar interprets the tale as a polarization of women into the evil and active versus the innocent, passive and domestic.

Variations from other European traditions

In the many non-German versions, the dwarves are generally robbers, while the magic mirror is a dialog with the sun or moon.

In a version from Albania, collected by Johann Georg von Hahn
Johann Georg von Hahn
Johann Georg von Hahn was an Austrian diplomat, philologist and specialist in Albanian history, language and culture....

, the main character lives with 40 dragon
Dragon
A dragon is a legendary creature, typically with serpentine or reptilian traits, that feature in the myths of many cultures. There are two distinct cultural traditions of dragons: the European dragon, derived from European folk traditions and ultimately related to Greek and Middle Eastern...

s. Her sleep is caused by a ring. The beginning of the story has a twist, in that a teacher urges the heroine to kill her evil stepmother so that she would take her place. The origin of this tale is debated; it is likely no older than the Middle Ages. In fact there are possibly two Albanian versions of Snow White: one where her stepmother tries to kill her, and another where her two jealous sisters try to kill her. "The Jealous Sisters" is another Albania
Albania
Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...

n fairy tale. In both fairy tales the death is caused by a ring.

Modern narratives

  • Paralleling the stepmother's question of her magic mirror, the 1540 epic poem Padmavat
    Padmavat
    Padmavat or Padmawat is an epic poem written in 1540 by Malik Muhammad Jayasi in the Awadhi language. It is the first important work in Awadhi.- Theme :...

     includes the line: "Who is more beautiful, I or Padmavati?, Queen Nagamati asks to her new parrot, and it gives a displeasing reply...";

  • The story in Russia
    Russia
    Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

    n writer Alexander Pushkin's 1833 poem The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights
    The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights
    The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights is a 1833 fairy-tale poem by Aleksandr Pushkin. The story is based on the tale Little Snow White from Grimm's Fairy Tales. Pushkin owned a copy of the Grimms' Fairy Tales in a French translation called Vieux contes...

    is similar to that of Snow White, with knight
    Knight
    A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....

    s replacing dwarves.

  • One of the many retellings of the Snow White tale appears in A Book of Dwarfs by Ruth Manning-Sanders
    Ruth Manning-Sanders
    Ruth Manning-Sanders was a prolific British poet and author who was perhaps best known for her series of children's books in which she collected and retold fairy tales from all over the world. All told, she published more than 90 books during her lifetime. The dust jacket for A Book of Giants...

    . Other versions include Tanith Lee
    Tanith Lee
    Tanith Lee is a British writer of science fiction, horror and fantasy. She is the author of over 70 novels and 250 short stories, a children's picture book and many poems. She also wrote two episodes of BBC science fiction series Blake's 7...

    's short story "Red as Blood" (published in her story collection of the same title), and Neil Gaiman
    Neil Gaiman
    Neil Richard Gaiman born 10 November 1960)is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, audio theatre and films. His notable works include the comic book series The Sandman and novels Stardust, American Gods, Coraline, and The Graveyard Book...

    's short story "Snow, Glass, Apples
    Snow, Glass, Apples
    "Snow, Glass, Apples" is a 1994 short story written by Neil Gaiman. It was originally released as a benefit book for the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund and was reprinted in the anthology Love in Vein II, edited by Poppy Z...

    ". Other writers who have made use of the theme include Donald Barthelme
    Donald Barthelme
    Donald Barthelme was an American author known for his playful, postmodernist style of short fiction. Barthelme also worked as a newspaper reporter for the Houston Post, managing editor of Location magazine, director of the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston , co-founder of Fiction Donald...

     (in his novel Snow White), Gregory Maguire
    Gregory Maguire
    Gregory Maguire is an American writer. He is the author of the novels Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister, and many other novels for adults and children...

     (in his novel Mirror Mirror), Jane Yolen
    Jane Yolen
    Jane Hyatt Yolen is an American author and editor of almost 300 books. These include folklore, fantasy, science fiction, and children's books...

     (in her story "Snow in Summer," published in Black Swan, White Raven), Debra Doyle
    Debra Doyle
    Dr. Debra Doyle is an American author writing in multiple related genres, including science fiction, fantasy, and mystery. Many of her stories are co-written with her husband, James D. Macdonald...

     & James D. Macdonald
    James D. Macdonald
    James D. Macdonald is an American author and critic who lives in New Hampshire with his wife and frequent collaborator, Dr. Debra Doyle. He works in several genres, concentrating on fantasy, but also writing science fiction, and mystery and media tie-ins.-Biography:Macdonald was born in 1954, and...

     (in their story "The Queen's Mirror," published in A Wizard's Dozen), Anne Sexton
    Anne Sexton
    Anne Sexton was an American poet, known for her highly personal, confessional verse. She won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1967...

     (in her poem "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," published in Transformations), Gail Carson Levine
    Gail Carson Levine
    Gail Carson Levine is an American author of young adult books. Her first novel, Ella Enchanted, received a Newbery Honor in 1998.-Early life:...

     (in Fairest
    Fairest
    Fairest is a 2006 novel by Gail Carson Levine. It is based on the story of Snow White and set in the same world as Ella Enchanted. The kingdom of Ayortha, the setting of the story, is the neighbouring kingdom of Kyrria, where Ella Enchanted was set; as such, several allusions in the story are...

    ), and A. S. Byatt
    A. S. Byatt
    Dame Antonia Susan Duffy, DBE is an English novelist, poet and Booker Prize winner...

     (in her essay "Ice, Snow, Glass," published in Mirror, Mirror on the Wall).

  • White as Snow, another retelling by Tanith Lee
    Tanith Lee
    Tanith Lee is a British writer of science fiction, horror and fantasy. She is the author of over 70 novels and 250 short stories, a children's picture book and many poems. She also wrote two episodes of BBC science fiction series Blake's 7...

    , combines elements of the Snow White story with the Greek myth of Demeter
    Demeter
    In Greek mythology, Demeter is the goddess of the harvest, who presided over grains, the fertility of the earth, and the seasons . Her common surnames are Sito as the giver of food or corn/grain and Thesmophoros as a mark of the civilized existence of agricultural society...

     and Persephone
    Persephone
    In Greek mythology, Persephone , also called Kore , is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest-goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld; she was abducted by Hades, the god-king of the underworld....

    .

  • Angela Carter
    Angela Carter
    Angela Carter was an English novelist and journalist, known for her feminist, magical realism, and picaresque works...

     has also written a postmodern version of the tale entitled 'The Snow Child' in her collection 'The Bloody Chamber
    The Bloody Chamber
    The Bloody Chamber is a collection of short fiction by Angela Carter. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1979 by Gollancz and won the Cheltenham Festival Literary Prize. All of the stories share a common theme of being closely based upon fairytales or folk tales...

    '. Her story recreates a version of the tale collected but unpublished by the Grimm Brothers in which Snow White is a child of the father's desire rather than the mother's.

  • In 1982, Roald Dahl
    Roald Dahl
    Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, fighter pilot and screenwriter.Born in Wales to Norwegian parents, he served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, in which he became a flying ace and intelligence agent, rising to the rank of Wing Commander...

    's book Revolting Rhymes
    Revolting Rhymes
    Revolting Rhymes is a collection of Roald Dahl poems published in 1982. A parody of traditional folk tales in verse, Dahl gives a re-interpretation of six well-known fairy tales, featuring surprise endings in place of the traditional happily-ever-after...

    rewrote the story in a more modern way. In this version, Snow White was a savvy young woman who stole the magic mirror to help the dwarves gamble on winning horses.

  • Snow White
    Snow White (Fables)
    Snow White is a major character in the comic book series Fables. Her character is based on two myths recorded by the Brothers Grimm, Snow-White and Rose-Red and the more famous Snow White and the Seven Dwarves.-Early life:...

     is also a significant character in Bill Willingham
    Bill Willingham
    Bill Willingham is an American writer and artist of comics.-Career:Willingham got his start in the late 1970s to early 1980s as a staff artist for TSR, Inc., where he illustrated a number of their role-playing game products...

    's Fables comic book series. This version uses aspects of the seven dwarves' Snow White, but has a sister named Rose Red.

  • In Ludwig Revolution, a gothic shojo manga by Kaori Yuki, uses aspects of Snow White story.

  • Mirror, Mirror
    Mirror, Mirror (novel)
    Mirror, Mirror is an American novel published in 2003. It was written by Gregory Maguire. The novel is a revisionist version of the tale of Snow White.-Plot summary:...

    , a novel by Gregory Maguire
    Gregory Maguire
    Gregory Maguire is an American writer. He is the author of the novels Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister, and many other novels for adults and children...

     is based on the tale of Snow White. Bianca De Nevada is the child of Don Vincente De Nevada, who finds a mirror in a lake, a relic placed there by the mysterious stone dwarves. Don Vincente is sent on a holy quest for a branch from the Tree of Knowledge by Lucrezia Borgia
    Lucrezia Borgia
    Lucrezia Borgia [luˈkrɛtsia ˈbɔrʤa] was the illegitimate daughter of Rodrigo Borgia, the powerful Renaissance Valencian who later became Pope Alexander VI, and Vannozza dei Cattanei. Her brothers included Cesare Borgia, Giovanni Borgia, and Gioffre Borgia...

     and her brother Cesare, so that leaves Bianca under the watchful eye of the jealous Lucrezia.

  • Snow White or the House in the Wood, a 1900 novel by Laura E. Richards, is about a little girl who pretends to be Snow White. She is lost in the woods and finds a house that she hopes has seven dwarves. But there is only one dwarf who takes her in and cares for her a while. The dwarf is a person of importance who had lost faith in humanity but finds it again in the little girl.

  • The Blood Confession
    The Blood Confession
    The Blood Confession is an American novel published in 2006. It was written by Alisa M. Libby. The novel is a revisionist telling of the legend of Countess Elizabeth Báthory, with elements of the fairy tale Snow White. It is presently held in over 340 libraries, according to WorldCat. It was...

    a novel by Alisa M. Libby about a young countess who bathes in the blood of virgins in her desperation to be eternally young and beautiful. The novel is told in the point of view of the countess and draws on the evil stepmother character in Snow White. When a young girl named Snow appears, the countess endeavors to corrupt her perfect innocence. The Countess is also based on the legend of Countess Bathory.

  • Shel Silverstein
    Shel Silverstein
    Sheldon Allan "Shel" Silverstein , was an American poet, singer-songwriter, musician, composer, cartoonist, screenwriter and author of children's books. He styled himself as Uncle Shelby in his children's books...

    's flippant poem Mirror, Mirror tells the alternate story of the mirror changing its mind after the Queen threatens to destroy it.

  • Emma Donoghue
    Emma Donoghue
    Emma Donoghue is an Irish-born playwright, literary historian and novelist now living in Canada. Her 2010 novel Room was a finalist for the Man Booker Prize and an international bestseller. Donoghue's 1995 novel Hood won the Stonewall Book Award and Slammerkin won the Ferro-Grumley Award for...

     presents her version of the story in her short story collection "Kissing The Witch," which does away with the prince. Instead it tells a much more complicated story of emotional tangle between Snow White and her young stepmother who is nearly the same age as she, with strong hints of romantic interest between the two.

  • Jim C. Hines
    Jim C. Hines
    Jim C. Hines is an American fantasy writer. He was a first-place winner of the L. Ron Hubbard Writers of the Future Award in 1998 with his story "Blade of the Bunny". He is the author of the Goblin Quest fantasy trilogy, comprising Goblin Quest, Goblin Hero and Goblin War. He also edited the...

    's Princess series of books include Snow White as one of the main protagonists. She is an accomplished sorceress of mirror magic, who works alongside Danielle (Cinderella
    Cinderella
    "Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper" is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world. The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune...

    ) and Talia
    Sun, Moon, and Talia
    Sun, Moon, and Talia is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the Pentamerone...

     (Sleeping Beauty
    Sleeping Beauty
    Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault or Little Briar Rose by the Brothers Grimm is a classic fairytale involving a beautiful princess, enchantment, and a handsome prince...

    ).

Film and television

  • A 1902 Snow White film was released.

  • A 1916 silent film
    Silent film
    A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. In silent films for entertainment the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, pantomime and title cards...

     titled Snow White
    Snow White (1916 film)
    Snow White is a 1916 American silent film made by Famous Players-Lasky Corporation and produced by Adolph Zukor and Daniel Frohman. It was directed by J...

    was made by Famous Players-Lasky Corporation and produced by Adolph Zukor
    Adolph Zukor
    Adolph Zukor , born Adolph Cukor, was a film mogul and founder of Paramount Pictures.-Early life:...

     and Daniel Frohman
    Daniel Frohman
    Daniel Frohman was a Jewish American theatrical producer and manager, and an early film producer.Frohman was born in Sandusky, Ohio...

    . Directed by J. Searle Dawley
    J. Searle Dawley
    J. Searle Dawley was an American director and screenwriter. He directed 149 films between 1907 and 1926. He was born in Del Norte, Colorado and died in Hollywood, California.-Selected filmography:...

    , it was adapted to the screen by Jessie Braham White from his play Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play)
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a Broadway play that debuted at the Little Theatre on West 44th Street, New York City, on October 31, 1912...

    . The film starred Marguerite Clark
    Marguerite Clark
    Marguerite Clark was an American stage and silent film actress.-Early life and theater:Born to a farming family in Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio, Clark was educated at a Roman Catholic boarding school in Cincinnati...

     as Snow White, Creighton Hale
    Creighton Hale
    Creighton Hale was an Irish-born American movie actor who worked in the silent film era.-Career:While starring in Charles Frohman's Broadway production of Indian Summer, Hale was spotted by a representative of the Pathe Film Company...

     as Prince Florimond and Dorothy Cumming
    Dorothy Cumming
    Dorothy G. Cumming was an actress of the silent film era. She appeared in 39 American, English, and Australian films between 1915 and 1929, notably appearing as the Virgin Mary in Cecil B. DeMille's 1927 film The King of Kings and the jealous wife in Lillian Gish's 1928 The Wind. She also appeared...

     as Queen Brangomar/Mary Jane.

  • A 1933 Betty Boop
    Betty Boop
    Betty Boop is an animated cartoon character created by Max Fleischer, with help from animators including Grim Natwick. She originally appeared in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop film series, which were produced by Fleischer Studios and released by Paramount Pictures. She has also been featured in...

     cartoon
    Cartoon
    A cartoon is a form of two-dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works...

    , Snow White
    Snow White (1933 cartoon)
    Snow White is a 1933 animated short film in the Betty Boop series from Max Fleischer's Fleischer Studios. Dave Fleischer was credited as director, although virtually all the animation was done by Roland Crandall...

    .

  • The famous 1937 Disney animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated film based on Snow White, a German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. It was the first full-length cel-animated feature in motion picture history, as well as the first animated feature film produced in America, the first produced in full...

    . The dwarves are Doc, Grumpy, Happy, Sleepy, Bashful, Sneezy, and Dopey. In the Disney version, Snow White
    Snow White (Disney)
    Snow White is a fictional character and the main protagonist from Walt Disney's first animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,...

     wakes from her enchanted sleep as soon as the Prince kisses her. Furthermore, the Prince and Snow White have met prior to her enchanted sleep, so that he has fallen in love with the awake rather than the sleeping princess, an unusual variation in the Snow White tales. This version of Snow White appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
    Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
    Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is the segment of The Walt Disney Company that conceives, builds, and manages the company's theme parks and holiday resorts, as well as a variety of additional family-oriented leisure enterprises...

     as a meetable character, and is part of the Disney Princesses franchise. She is voiced by Adriana Caselotti
    Adriana Caselotti
    Adriana Mitchell Caselotti was an American actress and singer. She was the voice of the title character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Caselotti was named as a Disney Legend in 1994.-Early life:...

    .

  • The Disney version is distinctly parodied in the 1943 Merrie Melodies
    Merrie Melodies
    Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures between 1931 and 1969.Originally produced by Harman-Ising Pictures, Merrie Melodies were produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions from 1933 to 1944. Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros. in 1944,...

    short cartoon Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs
    Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs
    Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs is a Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Bob Clampett, produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions, and released to theatres on January 16, 1943 by Warner Bros...

    .

  • An "all new, all live" version was done as a West German film in 1955 as Schneewittchen und die sieben Zwerge
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1955 film)
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , is a German film, directed by Erich Kobler, based on the story of Schneewittchen by the Brothers Grimm.- Cast :* Elke Arendt – Snow White* Adele "Addi" Adametz – The Evil Queen...

    , and released in 1965.

  • In 1961, the story was parodied in the film Snow White and the Three Stooges
    Snow White and the Three Stooges
    Snow White and the Three Stooges is the second feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita . Released by 20th Century Fox, this was the trio's take on the classic fairy tale Snow White...

    , starring Moe Howard
    Moe Howard
    Moses Harry Horwitz , known professionally as Moe Howard, was an American actor and comedian best known as the leader of The Three Stooges, the farce comedy team who starred in motion pictures and television for four decades...

    , Larry Fine
    Larry Fine (actor)
    Louis Feinberg , known professionally as Larry Fine, was an American comedian and actor, who is best known as a member of the comedy act The Three Stooges.-Early life:...

     and Joe "Curly-Joe" DeRita. In the film, the dwarves had gone on vacation and lent Moe, Larry and Curly Joe the use of their cottage.

  • The comedy-horror-erotic adaptation of Grimms' Fairy Tales, Grimms Märchen von Lüsternen Pärchen (1969), presented Snow White among other characters of Grimm Tales.

  • The Goodies
    The Goodies
    The Goodies are a trio of British comedians who created, wrote, and starred in a surreal British television comedy series called The Goodies during the 1970s and early 1980s combining sketches and situation comedy.-Honours:All three Goodies now have OBEs...

     produced their version of the fairytale, called Snow White 2.

  • A 1973 episode of The Brady Bunch
    The Brady Bunch
    The Brady Bunch is an American sitcom created by Sherwood Schwartz and starring Robert Reed, Florence Henderson, and Ann B. Davis. The series revolved around a large blended family...

    portrayed the Bradys (and Alice's boyfriend Sam) putting on a performance of "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in their backyard.

  • A pornographic version of Snow White was released in 1976 in the X-rated
    X-rated
    In some countries, X is or has been a motion picture rating reserved for the most explicit films. Films rated X are intended only for viewing by adults, usually legally defined as people over the age of 17.-United Kingdom:...

     animated film Once Upon a Girl
    Once Upon a Girl
    Once Upon a Girl is a 1976 X-rated live-action/animated film written, produced ,and directed by Don Jurwich. It was animated by a group of animators who had worked for Disney, according to the director in an interview included with the DVD release...

    .

  • A 1979 Pornochanchada
    Pornochanchada
    Pornochanchada is the name given to a genre of sexploitation films produced in Brazil that was popular during the 1970s and early 1980s. Its name combined pornô and chanchada ....

    adaptation Histórias Que Nossas Babás Não Contavam
    Histórias Que Nossas Babás Não Contavam
    Histórias Que Nossas Babás Não Contavam is a Brazilian film of 1979 directed by Oswaldo De Oliveira and written by Ody Fraga. It is an adaptation of Snow White story...

    ("Stories Our Nannies Don't Tell") featured an Afro-Brazilian
    Afro-Brazilian
    In Brazil, the term "preto" is one of the five categories used by the Brazilian Census, along with "branco" , "pardo" , "amarelo" and "indígena"...

     actress, Adele Fátima, as Snow White. However, Snow White was not named "White" (branca) but clara (a Brazil
    Brazil
    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

    ian racial term similar to fair skin).

  • 1982 film Biancaneve & Co. is an adaptation of the fumetto
    Fumetti
    Fumetti is an Italian word which refers to all comics. In English, the term refers specifically to photonovels or photographic comics, a genre of comics illustrated with photographs rather than drawings. Italians call these fotoromanzi...

     Biancaneve
    Biancaneve
    Biancaneve is an Italian erotic comic book, created in 1972 by Renzo Barbieri and Rubino Ventura and illustrated by Leone Frollo. Fairlie Wayne is the real name of the main character.-Overview:...

    by Leone Frollo
    Leone Frollo
    Leone Frollo is an Italian comic book artist.Frollo debuted in 1948 with a western called Sui Grandi Laghi . From 1958 to 1968, he worked for London agency Fleetway, doing war stories. After that, until the mid-1980s he did works in several genres, including fantasy and horror, but specially...

    . The film features the starlet Michela Miti
    Michela Miti
    Michela Miti is an Italian actress and Television presenter-Biography:In the year 1979-80 hosted in Italy the first edition on a kid television show 3,2,1... contatto!....

     as "Snow White".

  • In 1984, Shelley Duvall
    Shelley Duvall
    Shelley Alexis Duvall is an American film and television actress best known for her roles in The Shining, Popeye, Thieves Like Us and 3 Women....

    's television series Faerie Tale Theatre
    Faerie Tale Theatre
    Faerie Tale Theatre is a live-action children's television anthology series retelling popular fairy tales. Shelley Duvall serves as narrator, host and executive producer of the program, and occasionally stars in episodes...

    did their own version of the tale with Vanessa Redgrave
    Vanessa Redgrave
    Vanessa Redgrave, CBE is an English actress of stage, screen and television, as well as a political activist.She rose to prominence in 1961 playing Rosalind in As You Like It with the Royal Shakespeare Company and has since made more than 35 appearances on London's West End and Broadway, winning...

     as the Evil Queen, Elizabeth McGovern
    Elizabeth McGovern
    -Early life:McGovern was born in Evanston, Illinois, the daughter of Katharine Wolcott , a high school teacher, and William Montgomery McGovern, Jr., a university professor. Her paternal grandfather was adventurer William Montgomery McGovern and her maternal great-grandfather was U.S. diplomat...

     as Snow White, Rex Smith
    Rex Smith
    Rex Smith is an American actor and singer. Smith debuted in the Broadway play Grease in 1978. He is noted for his role as Jesse Mach in the 1985 television series Street Hawk, as well as being a singer and stage actor. During the late 1970s, Smith was popular as a teen idol...

     as the prince and Vincent Price
    Vincent Price
    Vincent Leonard Price, Jr. was an American actor, well known for his distinctive voice and serio-comic attitude in a series of horror films made in the latter part of his career.-Early life and career:Price was born in St...

     as the Magic Mirror. Duvall made an appearance in that episode as Snow White's Mother.

  • In 1987, ABC debuted a sitcom based on the home life of Snow White and Prince Charming
    Prince Charming
    Prince Charming is a stock character who appears in a number of fairy tales. He is the prince who comes to rescue of the damsel in distress, and stereotypically, must engage in a quest to liberate her from an evil spell...

     called The Charmings
    The Charmings
    The Charmings is an American fantasy sitcom that aired from March 1987 to February 1988 on ABC.-Synopsis:The opening voice-over set-up the premise:...

    . The characters found themselves transported from their Enchanted Forest home to the Los Angeles suburbs, where they tried to adapt to life in the modern world.

  • The 1987 fantasy film Snow White
    Snow White (1987 film)
    Snow White is a 1987 musical film based on the classic fairytale and released as part of the "Cannon Movie Tales" series. Diana Rigg stars as the Wicked Queen.The film was released straight to video...

    (starring Diana Rigg
    Diana Rigg
    Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg, DBE is an English actress. She is probably best known for her portrayals of Emma Peel in The Avengers and Countess Teresa di Vicenzo in the 1969 James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service....

     as the Wicked Queen and Sarah Patterson
    Sarah Patterson
    Sarah Patterson is a British film actress.For her acting debut, Patterson starred as Rosaleen, a Little Red Riding Hood counterpart, in the Neil Jordan and Angela Carter film The Company of Wolves in 1984. In 1987 she starred alongside Diana Rigg in another fairy tale-inspired film, playing the...

     as Snow White) was released direct to video using the Cannon Movie Tale logo. Other fantasy films were released in the series. It is currently available on Region 1 DVD from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
    Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
    Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of films and television programs. MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and Louis B. Mayer...

    .

  • Nippon Animation
    Nippon Animation
    is a Japanese animation studio. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, with chief offices in the Ginza district of Chūō and production facilities in Tama City....

     told the story of Snow White in four episodes of its 1987 TV series Grimm Meisaku Gekijo (released in English as Grimms' Fairy Tale Classics).

  • Filmation Studios produced a film (Happily Ever After) in 1988, starring Irene Cara
    Irene Cara
    Irene Cara is an American singer and actress. Cara won an Academy Award in 1984 in the category of Best Original Song for co-writing "Flashdance... What a Feeling." She is also known for her recording of the song "Fame", and she also starred in the 1980 film Fame.She married Hollywood stuntman...

    , as if a sequel to the 1937 Disney film, meeting with the Seven Dwarfelles, the dwarves' cousins. Released theatrically in 1993, the film was commercially a failure; the company had planned to create more unauthorized sequels to Disney films.

  • Daddy's Little Bit of Dresden China
    Daddy's Little Bit of Dresden China
    Daddy's Little Bit of Dresden China is a 1988 short film by British animator Karen Watson. The animation is an autobiographical account of Watson's childhood, during which she was molested by her father...

    , a 1988 short film by British animator Karen Watson, uses the Snow White story as part of a story of child sexual abuse
    Child sexual abuse
    Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities , indecent exposure with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to...

    .

  • A film called Schneewittchen und das Geheimnis der Zwerge (in English Snow White and the Secret of the Dwarfs) was released in 1992 by Eurokim as a co-production between Germany and Czechoslovakia. The cast included Natalie Minko as Snow White, Alessandro Gassman as the Jester Andreas who takes over the role of the Prince and Gudrun Landgrebe as the Evil Queen. It features the dwarfs as seekers of truth and there are eight of them instead of seven. In addition to that the Queen disguises herself as a male doctor to tempt Snow White with the poisoned apple. In the film, the King goes off to war and leaves Snow White in the Queen's care. In addition to the battle of beauty, it is also a power struggle (should the King not return from battle Snow White will take the throne).

  • In 1988, the Filmation company produced a Snow White tale, Snow White and the Realm of Doom. Disney filed a lawsuit, which led the latter to change the film's title to Happily Ever After. Other drastic changes were made to the film, which was released on video in 1993. The story involves Snow White and her prince on their way to meet the seven dwarves, but the wicked queen's brother, Lord Malice, wants revenge for his sister's death.

  • The Disney version of Snow White makes a cameo amongst the crowd of Toons during the final scene of Who Framed Roger Rabbit
    Who Framed Roger Rabbit
    Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy-noir film directed by Robert Zemeckis and released by Touchstone Pictures. The film combines live action and animation, and is based on Gary K. Wolf's novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit?, which depicts a world in which cartoon characters...

    .

  • The story is also adapted in the Japanese OVA, Super Mario's Snow White which King Koopa playing the role as the Evil Queen, Princess Peach
    Princess Peach
    is a character in Nintendo's Mario series of video games. She is the Princess of the fictitious Mushroom Kingdom, and often plays the damsel in distress role within the adventure series. In 2007, Princess Peach landed on Forbes magazine's Wealthiest Fictional People list, with a fortune upwards of...

     as Snow White, Mario
    Mario
    is a fictional character in his video game series, created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. Serving as Nintendo's mascot and the main protagonist of the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video games since his creation...

     as her rescuer, and seven toads instead of seven dwarves.

  • Snow White has a role in the videogame Kingdom Hearts
    Kingdom Hearts
    is an action role-playing game developed and published by Square in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 video game console. The first game in the Kingdom Hearts series, it is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and The Walt Disney Company. The game combines characters and settings from Disney...

    where she is one of the Princesses of Heart kidnapped by Maleficent
    Maleficent
    Maleficent is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Walt Disney's 1959 adaptation of Sleeping Beauty. She is the self-proclaimed "Mistress of All Evil" who, after not being invited to the baby's christening, curses the infant Princess Aurora to "prick her finger on the spindle of a...

     along with Kairi, Alice, Jasmine, Belle, Cinderella, and Aurora. She also has a world based upon her known as Dwarf Woodlands.

  • In 1994, the Tatsunoko animation studio adapted the story into a 52-episode TV series, Shirayuki-hime no Densetsu ("The Legend of Princess Snow White
    The Legend of Princess Snow White
    is a Japanese anime series produced by Tatsunoko Productions and based on the European fairy tale. Directed by Tsuneo Ninomiya and using a screenplay written by Jinzō Toriumi, the series premiered on NHK on April 6, 1994 and ran for 52-episodes until its conclusion on March 29, 1995.The series uses...

    "), aired in Japan on NHK. Tatsunoko's production incorporated several "prelude" episodes emphasizing the romance between Snow White and her prince before launching into the story proper.

  • Also in 1994, an animated version entitled Snow White by Enchanted Tales was released by Sony as part of their Enchanted Tales Collection.

  • Snow White: A Tale of Terror
    Snow White: A Tale of Terror
    Snow White: A Tale of Terror is a 1997 horror film based on the Snow White fairy tale. It stars Sigourney Weaver, Sam Neill and Monica Keena. The original music score is composed by John Ottman...

    is a 1997 horror film based on the Snow White story. It stars Sigourney Weaver and Sam Neill. The original music score is composed by John Ottman. The film is marketed with the tagline "The fairy tale is over." The film received mixed reviews but is praised for staying with the dark formulas that were once present in fairy tales. It features seven miners instead of dwarves.

  • The Snow White story has also been made into a number of adult films. The most famous among these films is Biancaneve e i sette nani (1995) by Luca Damiano
    Luca Damiano
    Luca Damiano is an Italian film director who began his career as an assistant to Vittorio de Sica...

    , starring Ludmilla Antonova.

  • In one of the episodes of Sailor Moon
    Sailor Moon
    Sailor Moon, known as , is a media franchise created by manga artist Naoko Takeuchi. Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a team of magical girls, and Paul Gravett credits the series with "revitalizing" the magical-girl genre itself...

    , the main characters perform a stage version of Snow White and Ann (one of the villains from that season) plays Snow White after using a trick to get the role in order to get a kiss from Darien/Mamoru (Sailor Moon's love interest).

  • In 2001, Hallmark made their own retelling of the story with Snow White: The Fairest of Them All starring Kristin Kreuk
    Kristin Kreuk
    Kristin Laura Kreuk is a Canadian actress and producer, known for her portrayal of Lana Lang in the American television series Smallville. She was also a regular cast member on the Canadian teen drama Edgemont, and has starred in movies such as Eurotrip and Street Fighter: The Legend of...

    .

  • In 2001, another live action version was made for television, called Snow White
    Snow White (TV film)
    Snow White, released in the U.S. as Snow White: The Fairest of Them All, was a television film, made in 2001, and based on the Snow White storyline. It was made by Hallmark Entertainment and directed by Caroline Thompson. It deviates in several places from the original Brothers Grimm story and...

    . This version changed the storyline to include several more magical elements such as demons.

  • 10th Kingdom, a made for TV movie series, was loosely based on Snow White, as well as many other fairy tales. Snow White herself (who acts as a fairy godmother) finds a bond with the heroine, as her mother tried to drown her, and Snow White's own mother tried to kill her. In 2000, the 10th Kingdom featured Camryn Manheim
    Camryn Manheim
    Camryn Manheim is an American actress known primarily for her roles as attorney Ellenor Frutt on ABC's The Practice and Delia Banks on CBS's Ghost Whisperer and as Elvis's mother, Gladys Presley in the 2005 mini-series Elvis....

     as Snow White. She appears to Virginia when they go to visit the dwarves of Dragon Mountain. Snow White's mother was the swamp witch who brought Virginia mother Christine to the 9 Kingdoms and used her to carry out her revenge. In this version, Snow White relates the tale of the Grimm Books but says that her stepmother after dancing instead of dying dragged herself to a swamp and became known as the swamp witch. Her Grandson Prince Wendell White is the current ruler of the fourth Kingdom.

  • Branca de Neve (2000) is a Portuguese film of João César Monteiro. Is a very polemic film, where the image treatment is not classical nor orthodox. It is a reinterpretation of the Schneewitchen of the Swiss author, Robert Walser
    Robert Walser
    Robert Walser may refer to:* Robert Walser , Swiss modernist writer* Robert Walser , American musicologist, author and professor...

    .

  • A segment of the 2005 Turkish anthology film
    Anthology film
    An anthology film is a feature film consisting of several different short films, often tied together by only a single theme, premise, or brief interlocking event . Sometimes each one is directed by a different director...

     Istanbul Tales
    Istanbul Tales
    Istanbul Tales is a 2005 Turkish drama-anthology film, directed by Selim Demirdelen, Kudret Sabancı, Ümit Ünal, Yücel Yolcu and Ömür Atay, which tells 5 interconnected stories set in modern day Istanbul based on the fairytales Snow White, Cinderella, Pied Piper, Sleeping Beauty and Little Red...

    made up of five stories based on popular fairy tales is based on this tale where the daughter of a mobster meets the eighth dwarf in underground tunnels.

  • A woman in the 2005 film The 9th Company (a film about a company of Soviet soldiers' experience in Afghanistan) is referred to as "Snow White" because of her very light blond hair. The reference is deliberately ironic, and highlights the contradiction between her promiscuity and the virtue of her namesake, the fairy tale Snow White.

  • Fairy Tales Exposed: The Facts Behind the Fiction (2005) is a 3-part documentary produced by ZDF Enterprises that explores the real-life events and people on which popular fairy tales including Snow White are based. It suggests that Margarethe von Waldeck alleged mistress of King Philip ll of Spain was the real Snow White.

  • Using ideas from Stanislav Grof
    Stanislav Grof
    Stanislav Grof is a psychiatrist, one of the founders of the field of transpersonal psychology and a pioneering researcher into the use of non-ordinary states of consciousness for purposes of analyzing, healing, and obtaining growth and insight into the human psyche...

    , Joseph Campbell
    Joseph Campbell
    Joseph John Campbell was an American mythologist, writer and lecturer, best known for his work in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His work is vast, covering many aspects of the human experience...

    , and Carl G. Jung, Roberts claims that the Disney version of Snow White appeals to unconscious parts of the human mind including Grof's descriptions of birth experiences, Campbell's Hero's Journey, and Jung's archetypes.

  • HBO's Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child
    Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child
    Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child is an American animated television series that premiered March 26, 1995, on HBO. Narrated by Robert Guillaume, the series aired 39 episodes from 1995 to 2000, and is currently airing on the HBO Family digital cable television channel in the United...

    cast Snow White as White Snow, daughter of a native American chieftain.

  • Another unofficial sequel of sorts was released in theaters in Belgium
    Belgium
    Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

     and France
    France
    The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

     in January 2007: Blanche Neige, la suite (Snow White: The Sequel), an animated film for mature audiences. It was directed by Picha
    Picha
    Jean-Paul "monda" Walravens is a cartoonist and film director. He was born in Brussels, Belgium.-Biography:Jean-Paul Walravens, quickly fascinated by drawing, performs his studies at the Institute of Fine Arts Saint-Luc...

    , who is known for his animated films of a sexually explicit nature, including Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle
    Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle
    Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle is a 1975 adult-oriented French/Belgian animated film directed by cartoonist Picha and Boris Szulzinger. The film was the first foreign-animated film to receive both an X rating and wide distribution in the United States....

    , B.C. Rock
    The Missing Link (film)
    The Missing Link' is a 1980 French–Belgian animated film written and directed by Picha. Though it was not as successful as Picha's previous film, it was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.-Plot:...

    and The Big Bang
    The Big Bang (1987 film)
    The Big Bang a.k.a. Le Big-Bang is an X-rated animated science fiction fantasy film, originally released in 1987 by 20th Century Fox in France and Entertainment Film Distributors, Ltd. in the United Kingdom...

    .

  • The 2007 film Sydney White
    Sydney White
    Sydney White is a 2007 teen comedy film starring Amanda Bynes, Sara Paxton, and Matt Long, and based on the story of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.-Plot:...

    is a modern retelling of the classic fairy tale. It stars Amanda Bynes
    Amanda Bynes
    Amanda Laura Bynes is an American actress, comedian, singer, and fashion designer. Bynes appeared in several successful television series, such as All That and The Amanda Show, on Nickelodeon in the mid to late 1990s and early 2000s, and in 2002, she starred in the TV series, What I Like About You...

     as Sydney White (Snow White), Sara Paxton
    Sara Paxton
    Sara Paxton is an American actress, model and singer. She grew up in California and began acting at an early age, appearing in many minor roles in both films and television shows, before coming to wider renown in 2004, after playing the title role in the series Darcy's Wild Life and Sarah Borden...

     as Rachel Witchburn (the Wicked Queen), and Matt Long
    Matt Long
    Matthew Clayton "Matt" Long is an American actor. He played the teenaged Jack McCallister on Jack & Bobby, the younger Johnny Blaze in Ghost Rider, and Tyler Prince in Sydney White....

     as Tyler Prince (Prince Charming
    Prince Charming
    Prince Charming is a stock character who appears in a number of fairy tales. He is the prince who comes to rescue of the damsel in distress, and stereotypically, must engage in a quest to liberate her from an evil spell...

    ).

  • 2007 also saw Snow White as part of the Disney film Enchanted.

  • A present-day take on the story provide the setting for the 2011 ABC fantasy series Once Upon a Time, in which the daughter and grandson of Snow White and Prince Charming hold the key to breaking the curse on a small Maine town where Snow White is a teacher and the Prince is a John Doe and have no memory of their past because the Queen put a spell on the fairytale world and erased everything. In addition, all the Dwarves appear but Doc is the only mentioned by name, and Grumpy/Leroy is the only to be shown after the Curse in the Pilot. In November 6, 2011 episode, Sleepy introduced as a co-worker of Grumpy. As of November 6, 2011 the others remain Unseen after the Curse.

  • Grimm's Snow White (2012), produced by The Asylum, starring Jane March as The Queen, Eliza Bennett as Snow White and Jamie Thomas King as Prince Alexander, is set to release direct-to-video on February 28, 2012.

  • Relativity Media
    Relativity Media
    Relativity Media is an American independent motion picture production and investment company based in West Hollywood, California.- Company :...

     wrapped filming on a Snow White project, titled Mirror Mirror, directed by Tarsem Singh
    Tarsem Singh
    Tarsem Dhandwar Singh , known professionally as Tarsem, is an Indian director who has worked on films, music videos, and commercials.- Life and career :...

    , it is set for release on March 16, 2012. It stars Julia Roberts
    Julia Roberts
    Julia Fiona Roberts is an American actress. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman , which grossed $464 million worldwide...

     as the Evil Queen, Lily Collins
    Lily Collins
    Lily Jane Collins is a British-American actress and television personality.-Early life:Collins was born in Guildford, Surrey, England, and is the daughter of British musician Phil Collins and his second wife, American-born Jill Tavelman...

     as Snow White, Armie Hammer
    Armie Hammer
    Armand Douglas "Armie" Hammer is an American actor. After appearing on television and playing the title role in 2008's Billy: The Early Years, he became known for his portrayal of the Winklevoss twins in the 2010 film The Social Network, and Clyde Tolson in J. Edgar...

     as Prince Andrew Alcott, and Nathan Lane
    Nathan Lane
    Nathan Lane is an American actor of stage and screen. He is best known for his roles as Mendy in The Lisbon Traviata, Albert in The Birdcage, Max Bialystock in the musical The Producers, Ernie Smuntz in MouseHunt, Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls, Pseudolus in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to...

     Brighton, the Queen's major domo.

  • A new film Snow White & the Huntsman, directed by Rupert Sanders, starring Kristen Stewart
    Kristen Stewart
    Kristen Jaymes Stewart is an American actress. She is best known for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga. She has also starred in films including Panic Room , Zathura , In the Land of Women , The Messengers , Adventureland and The Runaways .- Early life :Stewart was born and raised in Los...

    , Charlize Theron
    Charlize Theron
    Charlize Theron is a South African actress, film producer and former fashion model.She rose to fame in the late 1990s following her roles in 2 Days in the Valley, Mighty Joe Young, The Devil's Advocate and The Cider House Rules...

    , Chris Hemsworth
    Chris Hemsworth
    Chris Hemsworth is an Australian actor most notable for portraying Thor in the Marvel Studios film Thor. Hemsworth is set to reprise his role as Thor in the upcoming films The Avengers in 2012 and Thor 2 in 2013. He also starred as Kim Hyde in the Australian soap opera Home and Away...

     and Sam Claflin
    Sam Claflin
    Samuel George "Sam" Claflin is an English actor, perhaps best known for his role in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides....

     is set for release on June 1, 2012.

Music

  • A sadistic version of the Disney Snow White appears in German
    Germany
    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

     metal band Rammstein
    Rammstein
    Rammstein is a German Neue Deutsche Härte band from Berlin, formed in 1994. The band consists of members Till Lindemann , Richard Z. Kruspe , Paul H. Landers , Oliver "Ollie" Riedel , Christoph "Doom" Schneider and Christian "Flake" Lorenz...

    's video for the song Sonne. White is portrayed as a dominatrix
    Dominatrix
    Dominatrix or mistress is a woman or women who takes the dominant role in bondage, discipline and sadomasochism, or BDSM. A common form of address for a submissive to a dominatrix is "mistress", "ma'am", "domina" or "maîtresse"...

     and drug addict (who shoots up gold dust
    Gold Dust
    Gold dust refers to fine particles of gold produced by machining or occurring naturally.Gold dust may also refer to:*Goldust, the ring name of Dustin Rhodes, an American wrestler...

     as a drug).
  • Snow White is described with stalking and obsession overtones in the song "Snow White Queen" on Evanescence
    Evanescence
    Evanescence is an American rock band founded in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1995 by singer/pianist Amy Lee and guitarist Ben Moody. After recording private albums, the band released their first full-length album, Fallen, on Wind-up Records in 2003. Fallen sold more than 17 million copies worldwide...

    's album The Open Door
    The Open Door
    The Open Door is the second studio album by the American rock band Evanescence. It was first released in Poland on September 25, 2006, through Wind-up Records and subsequently in more than 20 other countries worldwide...

    . The title is only an indirect reference to Snow White, as it's referring to Amy Lee's username (SnowWhite) on the official Evanescence fan forum.
  • Snow White was also a song by Canadian Pop-Rock band Streetheart
    Streetheart
    Streetheart is a 1998 film that was awarded the Crystal Globe at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1998...

     which alluded to a mischievous young woman who disguised her self as a pure, Snow White like figure.
  • Mirrors by Envy on the Coast
    Envy On The Coast
    Envy on the Coast was an alternative rock band from Long Island, New York. They released their second album Lowcountry in March 2010.-History:...

     is a darker song dedicated to the tale of Snow White.
  • Japanese visual kei rock band D released a single titled "Snow White" on January 21, 2009.
  • There is a song entitled "Shiroi Yuki no Purinsesu Wa..." , meaning "The Snow White Princess is..." sung by VOCALOID virtual diva Hatsune Miku.
  • The Cure
    The Cure
    The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976. The band has experienced several line-up changes, with frontman, vocalist, guitarist and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member...

    's 2008 album "4:13 Dream" includes a song entitled "The Real Snow White."
  • Kanon Wakeshima
    Kanon Wakeshima
    is a Japanese singer and cellist. Produced by Mana, Wakeshima debuted under the DefStar Records label on May 28, 2008 with the single "Still Doll", the ending theme for the anime adaptation of the manga series Vampire Knight. She also provided the voice for a maid that appears in the eighth episode...

    's song "Kagami" talks of the story of Snow White.
  • Xandria
    Xandria
    Xandria is a German symphonic metal band, founded by Marco Heubaum in 1997. The band's music combines elements of symphonic metal with light electronic elements and rock....

    , a German band, also has a song named after Snow White.
  • Florence + The Machine recently released a song, Blinding, loosely based on the relationship between Snow White and the prince.
  • Japanese Band Sound Horizon
    Sound Horizon
    Sound Horizon, abbreviated by fans as Sanhora , is a Japanese musical group with composer Revo as the leader. They call themselves the "fantasy band" and have released their works that closely resemble suites.-History:...

     released a song titled "The Princess Sleeping in Glass Coffin", retelling Snow White in their 7th Album "Marchen"
  • Snow White is also referenced in the Katy Perry
    Katy Perry
    Katy Perry is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Born in Santa Barbara, California, and raised by Christian pastor parents, Perry grew up listening to only gospel music and sang in her local church as a child. After earning a GED during her first year of high school, she began to pursue a...

     song "Not Like The Movies" from her album Teenage Dream
    Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album)
    Teenage Dream is the third studio album by American recording artist Katy Perry. It was released on August 24, 2010, through Capitol Records. The album's inspiration came from dance, pop, and rock by 1980s artists, including ABBA and The Cardigans. Perry worked with several writers and producers on...


Theatre

The story of Snow White is a popular theme for British pantomime
Pantomime
Pantomime — not to be confused with a mime artist, a theatrical performer of mime—is a musical-comedy theatrical production traditionally found in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Jamaica, South Africa, India, Ireland, Gibraltar and Malta, and is mostly performed during the...

.
In 2009 Snow White was performed on Åbo Unga Teater in Finland. In Swedish Snow White is called Snövit
In some productions of the musical Into the Woods
Into the Woods
Into the Woods is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine. It debuted in San Diego at the Old Globe Theatre in 1986, and premiered on Broadway in 1987. Bernadette Peters' performance as the Witch and Joanna Gleason's portrayal of the Baker's Wife brought acclaim...

Snow White appears as the illicit love interest of one of the princes.
Snow White is the central character in the long running musical Beach Blanket Babylon
Beach Blanket Babylon
Steve Silver's Beach Blanket Babylon is America's longest-running musical revue. The show began its run in 1974, at Club Savoy Tivoli and has since moved to the larger Club Fugazi in the North Beach district of San Francisco...

, which has been performed since 1974 in San Francisco

Related video games

  • Snow White: Happily Ever After (Super NES, 1994)
  • Snow White: The Veil of My Heart (PC, 1999)
  • Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Game Boy Color, 2001)
  • Kagami no Naka no Orgel: Futatsume no Monogatari - Snow White (PC, 2003)
  • Snow White and the 7 Clever Boys (PlayStation 2, 2006)
  • Snow White (iPhone, 2009)
  • Crazy Face: Snow White (iPhone, 2010)
  • Snow White StoryChimes Match Game (iPhone, 2010)


Snow White is also featured as a playable character in Fairytale Fights
Fairytale Fights
Fairytale Fights is a hack and slash action-adventure game developed and published by Playlogic Entertainment for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows....

. She is shown in Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep and makes a cameo appearance in the first Kingdom Hearts
Kingdom Hearts
is an action role-playing game developed and published by Square in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 video game console. The first game in the Kingdom Hearts series, it is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and The Walt Disney Company. The game combines characters and settings from Disney...

. Kurumi Kobato does her voice in Japanese, and Carolyn Gardner
Carolyn Gardner
Carolyn Gardner was a World Series of Poker champion in the 1983 $400 Ladies - Limit 7 Card Stud.As of 2008, her total WSOP tournament winnings exceed $61,701.-World Series of Poker bracelets:-References:...

 in English.

In other languages

  • Afrikaans
    Afrikaans
    Afrikaans is a West Germanic language, spoken natively in South Africa and Namibia. It is a daughter language of Dutch, originating in its 17th century dialects, collectively referred to as Cape Dutch .Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch; see , , , , , .Afrikaans was historically called Cape...

     - Sneeuwitjie
  • Albanian
    Albanian language
    Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...

     - Borëbardha
  • Arabic
    Arabic language
    Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...

     - بياض-الثلج  - Bayad-Althalj
  • Armenian
    Armenian language
    The Armenian language is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia as well as in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The language is also widely spoken by Armenian communities in the Armenian diaspora...

     - Tsuynatur
  • Bengali
    Bengali language
    Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script...

     - তুষার কন্যা - Tusar Kanya - A Bengali version of the story is titled "Tusharmala O Shaat Baman Bhai" (Tusharmala - "Garland of Snow"; Shaat Baman Bhai - "Seven dwarf brothers")
  • Bosnian
    Bosnian language
    Bosnian is a South Slavic language, spoken by Bosniaks. As a standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect, it is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina....

     - Snježana
  • Bulgarian
    Bulgarian language
    Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the...

     - Снежанка - Snezhanka
  • Catalan
    Catalan language
    Catalan is a Romance language, the national and only official language of Andorra and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencian Community, where it is known as Valencian , as well as in the city of Alghero, on the Italian island...

     - Blanca Neus
  • Chinese
    Chinese language
    The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...

     - 白雪公主 - Báixuě Gōngzhǔ
  • Croatian
    Croatian language
    Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...

     - Snjeguljica
  • Czech
    Czech language
    Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...

     - Sněhurka
  • Danish
    Danish language
    Danish is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in the country of Denmark. It is also spoken by 50,000 Germans of Danish ethnicity in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, where it holds the status of minority language...

     - Snehvide
  • Dutch
    Dutch language
    Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...

     - Sneeuwwitje
  • English
    English language
    English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

     - Snow White
  • Estonian
    Estonian language
    Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities...

     - Lumivalgeke
  • Finnish
    Finnish language
    Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a...

     - Lumikki
  • French
    French language
    French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

     - Blanche-Neige
  • German
    German language
    German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

     - Schneewittchen
  • Georgia
    Georgian language
    Georgian is the native language of the Georgians and the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.Georgian is the primary language of about 4 million people in Georgia itself, and of another 500,000 abroad...

     - ფიფქია (fifqia)
  • Greek
    Greek language
    Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...

     - Χιονάτη - Chionáti
  • Hebrew
    Hebrew language
    Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such...

     - שלגיה - Shilgia
  • Hindi - हिमगौरी - Himgauri
  • Hungarian
    Hungarian language
    Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....

     - Hófehérke
  • Icelandic
    Icelandic language
    Icelandic is a North Germanic language, the main language of Iceland. Its closest relative is Faroese.Icelandic is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic or Nordic branch of the Germanic languages. Historically, it was the westernmost of the Indo-European languages prior to the...

     - Mjallhvít
  • Indonesian
    Indonesian language
    Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau Islands dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries....

     - Putih Salju but commonly known as Putri Salju (literally means Snow Princess)
  • Irish
    Irish language
    Irish , also known as Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Irish is now spoken as a first language by a minority of Irish people, as well as being a second language of a larger proportion of...

     - Sneachta Bán
  • Italian
    Italian language
    Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

     - Biancaneve
  • Japanese
    Japanese language
    is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...

     - 白雪姫 - Shirayuki-hime
  • Korean
    Korean language
    Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...

     - 백설 공주 - Baegseol Gongju
  • Latvian
    Latvian language
    Latvian is the official state language of Latvia. It is also sometimes referred to as Lettish. There are about 1.4 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and about 150,000 abroad. The Latvian language has a relatively large number of non-native speakers, atypical for a small language...

     - Sniegbaltīte
  • Lower Sorbian - Sněžeńka
  • Marathi
    Marathi language
    Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...

     - हिमगौरी - Himgauri
  • Montenegrin
    Montenegrin language
    Montenegrin is a name used for the Serbo-Croatian language as spoken by Montenegrins; it also refers to an incipient standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian used as the official language of Montenegro...

     - Snježana
  • Norwegian
    Norwegian language
    Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants .These Scandinavian languages together with the Faroese language...

     - Snehvit
  • Oriya
    Oriya language
    Oriya , officially Odia from November, 2011, is an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is mainly spoken in the Indian states of Orissa and West Bengal...

    --Dhola gori
  • Persian
    Persian language
    Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...

     - سفید برفی - Sefid Barfi
  • Polish
    Polish language
    Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...

     - Królewna Śnieżka
  • Portuguese
    Portuguese language
    Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...

     - Branca de Neve
  • Romanian
    Romanian language
    Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...

     - Albă ca Zăpada
  • Russian
    Russian language
    Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...

     - Белоснежка - Belosnezhka
  • Scots
    Scots language
    Scots is the Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster . It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Celtic language variety spoken in most of the western Highlands and in the Hebrides.Since there are no universally accepted...

     - Snaw White
  • Scottish Gaelic
    Scottish Gaelic language
    Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish, and thus descends ultimately from Primitive Irish....

     - Sneachd Bàn
  • Serbian
    Serbian language
    Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....

     - Снежана - Snežana
  • Serbo-Croatian
    Serbo-Croatian language
    Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...

     - Snježana
  • Slovak
    Slovak language
    Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...

     - Snehulienka
  • Slovenian
    Slovenian language
    Slovene or Slovenian is a South Slavic language spoken by approximately 2.5 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia. It is the first language of about 1.85 million people and is one of the 23 official and working languages of the European Union...

     - Sneguljčica
  • Sinhalese - Hima Kumaari
  • Swedish
    Swedish language
    Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...

     - Snövit
  • Spanish
    Spanish language
    Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

     - Blancanieves
  • Thai
    Thai language
    Thai , also known as Central Thai and Siamese, is the national and official language of Thailand and the native language of the Thai people, Thailand's dominant ethnic group. Thai is a member of the Tai group of the Tai–Kadai language family. Historical linguists have been unable to definitively...

     - สโนว์ไวต์ - Snow White
  • Turkish
    Turkish language
    Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...

     - Pamuk Prenses
  • Ukrainian
    Ukrainian language
    Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....

     - Білосніжка - Bilosnizhka
  • Upper Sorbian - Sněholinka
  • Welsh
    Welsh language
    Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, by some along the Welsh border in England, and in Y Wladfa...

     - Eira Wen
  • Vietnamese
    Vietnamese language
    Vietnamese is the national and official language of Vietnam. It is the mother tongue of 86% of Vietnam's population, and of about three million overseas Vietnamese. It is also spoken as a second language by many ethnic minorities of Vietnam...

     - Nàng Bạch Tuyết và 7 Chú Lùn

Snow White and Rose Red

There is another Brothers Grimm tale called Snow White and Rose Red which also includes a character called Snow White. However, this Snow White is a completely separate character from the one found in this tale. The original German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 names are also different: Schneewittchen and Schneeweißchen. There is actually no difference in the meaning (both mean "snow white"), but the first name is more influenced by the dialects of Low Saxon
Low German
Low German or Low Saxon is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands...

 while the second one is the standard German
Standard German
Standard German is the standard variety of the German language used as a written language, in formal contexts, and for communication between different dialect areas...

 version, demonstrating a class
Social class
Social classes are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society. Class is an essential object of analysis for sociologists, political scientists, economists, anthropologists and social historians. In the social sciences, social class is often discussed in terms of 'social stratification'...

 difference between the two Snow Whites.

Trademark

The Walt Disney Company currently has a trademark application pending with the US Patent and Trademark Office, filed November 19, 2008, for the name "Snow White" that would cover all live and recorded movie, television, radio, stage, computer, Internet, news, and photographic entertainment uses, except literature works of fiction and nonfiction.

See also

  • Mirror, Mirror (novel)
    Mirror, Mirror (novel)
    Mirror, Mirror is an American novel published in 2003. It was written by Gregory Maguire. The novel is a revisionist version of the tale of Snow White.-Plot summary:...

  • Operation Snow White
    Operation Snow White
    Operation Snow White was the Church of Scientology's name for a conspiracy during the 1970s to purge unfavorable records about Scientology and its founder L. Ron Hubbard...

  • Rose Red
    Rose Red
    Rose Red is a character in the fairy tale Snow-White and Rose-Red, recorded by the Brothers Grimm. She is the sister of Snow-White, not to be confused with Snow White...

  • Snow, Glass, Apples
    Snow, Glass, Apples
    "Snow, Glass, Apples" is a 1994 short story written by Neil Gaiman. It was originally released as a benefit book for the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund and was reprinted in the anthology Love in Vein II, edited by Poppy Z...

     a short story written by Neil Gaiman
  • A Snow White Christmas
  • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (ballet)
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (ballet)
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a non-traditional modern ballet rising from the success of other fairytale ballets such as Cinderella, Coppélia, and Alice in Wonderland....

  • Snow-White and Rose-Red
    Snow-White and Rose-Red
    Snow-White and Rose-Red is a German fairy tale. In the seventeenth century Charles Perrault was the first to write it down, but the best-known version is the one collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale number 161....

  • Snow-white (Fanuilos in Sindarin
    Sindarin
    Sindarin is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his secondary world, often called Middle-earth.Sindarin is one of the many languages spoken by the immortal Elves, called the Eledhrim or Edhellim in Sindarin....

    ) is also an epithet of Elbereth in Tolkien's legendarium
  • Snow-White-Fire-Red
    Snow-White-Fire-Red
    Snow-White-Fire-Red is an Italian fairy tale collected by Thomas Frederick Crane in Italian Popular Tales.-Synopsis:A king and queen made a vow that, if they had a child, they would make one fountain run with oil and another with wine. The queen gave birth to a son, and they set up the fountains...

     is an Italian fairy tale.
  • The Hairy Man
    The Hairy Man
    The Hairy Man is a Russian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in The Crimson Fairy Book.-Synopsis:Two ricks of a king's rapeseed fields are found burned every night. Finally, a shepherd with dogs keeps watch, and catches the "hairy man" who is responsible. The king puts him in a cage...

  • The Water of Life
    The Water of Life (German fairy tale)
    The Water of Life is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 97.It is Aarne-Thompson type 551.John Francis Campbell noted it as a parallel of the Scottish fairy tale, The Brown Bear of the Green Glen.-Synopsis:...

  • Udea and her Seven Brothers
    Udea and her Seven Brothers
    Udea and her Seven Brothers is a Northern African fairy tale collected by Hans von Stumme in Märchen und Gedichte aus der Stadt Tripolis. Andrew Lang included it in The Grey Fairy Book.It is Aarne-Thompson type 451.-Synopsis:...

  • Water and Salt
    Water and Salt
    Water and Salt is an Italian fairy tale, it can be found in the collection Italian Popular Tales, collected by Thomas Frederick Crane.In the Aarne-Thompson classification system, Water and Salt is Type 923.-Synopsis:...

  • Fairest
    Fairest
    Fairest is a 2006 novel by Gail Carson Levine. It is based on the story of Snow White and set in the same world as Ella Enchanted. The kingdom of Ayortha, the setting of the story, is the neighbouring kingdom of Kyrria, where Ella Enchanted was set; as such, several allusions in the story are...


Further reading

  • Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, edited and translated by Stanley Appelbaum, Selected Folktales/Ausgewählte Märchen: A Dual-Language Book Dover Publications Inc. Mineola, New York. ISBN 0-486-42474-X
  • Theodor Ruf: Die Schöne aus dem Glassarg. Schneewittchens märchenhaftes und wirkliches Leben. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 1994 (absolutely reliable academic work)
  • Jones, Steven Swann. The New Comparative Method: Structural and Symbolic Analysis of the allomotifs of "Snow White". Helsinki, 1990. FFC., N 247.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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