List of victims of Nazism
Encyclopedia
This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements.
This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation
, lost their lives as a result of Nazism
. This list includes those whose deaths were part of the Holocaust
as well as individuals who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide
for political motives or to avoid being murdered.
This list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.
This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation
Sexual orientation
Sexual orientation describes a pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to the opposite sex, the same sex, both, or neither, and the genders that accompany them. By the convention of organized researchers, these attractions are subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality,...
, lost their lives as a result of Nazism
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
. This list includes those whose deaths were part of the Holocaust
The Holocaust
The Holocaust , also known as the Shoah , was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews and millions of others during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi...
as well as individuals who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide
Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Suicide is often committed out of despair or attributed to some underlying mental disorder, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism, or drug abuse...
for political motives or to avoid being murdered.
This list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.
Theatre and film
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hana Brady Hana Brady Hana Brady was a 13-year old Jewish girl murdered in the Holocaust. She is the subject of the 2002 non-fiction children's book Hana's Suitcase, written by Karen Levine.-Biography:Hana Brady was born in Nové Mesto, Czechoslovakia on May 16, 1931... |
1931–1944, aged 13, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech | girl portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story | gas chamber |
| René Blum | 1878–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
French | founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo | |
| Ernst Arndt Ernst Arndt (actor) Ernst Arndt was a German stage and film actor notable for his later career in Austria.-Life:Arndt was born in Magdeburg, Germany. From 1910 he was a member of the Burgtheater ensemble in Vienna. He also made occasional appearances in supporting roles in films... |
1861-1942/3, Treblinka | German | writer and poet | |
| Maria Bard Maria Bard Maria Bard was a German stage actress, who made a handful of films in the silent era for Rimax, her first husband Wilhelm Graaff's company. By 1930, her marriage with Graaff was over, and she appeared with Werner Krauss in the stage production Der Kaiser von Amerika or The King of America and the... |
1900–1944, Berlin | German | actress | suicide |
| Lisl Frank Lisl Frank Lisl Frank achieved success as a singer, dancer and actress before World War Two.Born Alice Frankl in Prague, she met her future husband, Otto Aufrichtig in 1933 when he took over as director of the Neues Stadttheater in Teplitz-Schonau [Teplice] where she was appearing as a singer, dancer and... |
1911–1944, Christianstadt | Czech | performer, dancer, cabaret singer | forced death march |
| Kurt Gerron Kurt Gerron Kurt Gerron was a German Jewish actor and film director.-Life:Born Kurt Gerson into a well-off merchant family in Berlin, he initially studied medicine but was called up for military service in World War I. Seriously wounded he qualified as a military doctor of the German Army... |
1897–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | performer, actor, film director | gas chamber |
| Dora Gerson Dora Gerson Dora Gerson was a Jewish German cabaret singer and motion picture actress of the silent film era who was murdered with her family at Auschwitz concentration camp.- Life and work :... |
1899–1943, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | actress, cabaret singer | |
| Joachim Gottschalk Joachim Gottschalk Joachim Gottschalk was a European movie star during the 1930s, a romantic lead in the style of Leslie Howard... |
1904–1941, Berlin | German | actor | suicide |
| Leslie Howard (actor) Leslie Howard (actor) Leslie Howard was an English stage and film actor, director, and producer. Among his best-known roles was Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind and roles in Berkeley Square , Of Human Bondage , The Scarlet Pimpernel , The Petrified Forest , Pygmalion , Intermezzo , Pimpernel Smith... |
1893–1943 | British | actor | airplane shot down by Luftwaffe |
| Bernard Natan Bernard Natan Bernard Natan was a Franco-Romanian film director and actor of the 1920s and 1930s. He is said by one historian to be one of the earliest pornographic film directors and porn stars whose name was known to the public. After his alleged adult film career, Natan moved into mainstream cinema... |
1886–1942 | Franco-Romanian | film director, actor and former head of Pathé Pathé Pathé or Pathé Frères is the name of various French businesses founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France.-History:... Film Studios |
|
| Joseph Schmidt | 1904–1942, Gyrenbad | Ukrainian | singer, actor | heart attack |
| Miklós Vig Miklós Vig Miklós Vig was a Hungarian cabaret and jazz singer, actor, comedian and theater secretary in the 1920s, 30s and 40s. Born in Budapest on July 11, 1898, he was murdered there on December 19, 1944 by members of the Arrow Cross.-Early life:... |
1898–1944, shot into Danube River, Budapest | Hungarian | singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary | gunshot wound |
| Karel Hašler Karel Hašler Karel Hašler was a Czech songwriter, actor, lyricist, film and theatre director, composer, writer, dramatist, screenwriter and cabaretier... |
1879–1941, murdered in Mauthausen | Czech | songwriter, actor, lyricist, film and theatre director, composer, writer, dramatist, screenwriter and cabaretier | put into a cold shower until death |
Literature and publishing
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karel Destovnik Kajuh Karel Destovnik Kajuh Karel Destovnik, pen name and nom de guerre Kajuh was a Slovenian poet, translator, resistance fighter, and Yugoslav national hero.- Life and work :... |
1922–1944, killed in battle as resistance fighter | Slovenian | poet | |
| Else Feldmann Else Feldmann Else Feldmann was an Austrian writer, playwright, poet, socialist journalist, and victim of the Holocaust.... |
1884–1942, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Austrian | writer and journalist | |
| Anne Frank Anne Frank Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank is one of the most renowned and most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Acknowledged for the quality of her writing, her diary has become one of the world's most widely read books, and has been the basis for several plays and films.Born in the city of Frankfurt... |
1929–1945,age 15 Bergen-Belsen Bergen-Belsen concentration camp Bergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp in Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle... |
German/Netherlands/Dutch | diary keeper | typhus |
| Egon Friedell Egon Friedell Egon Friedell born Egon Friedmann, 21 January 1878, in Vienna, died 16 March 1938, in Vienna, was a prominent Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer and theatre critic.- Early life :... |
1878–1938, suicide to avoid deportation | Austrian | writer and philosopher | |
| Peter Hammerschlag Peter Hammerschlag Peter Hammerschlag was an Austrian writer, surrealist poet, actor, Kabarett artist and graphic artist. He was known for his cabarets, which continue to influence the arts in Austria today, and in 2007, but was honoured on the Walk of Fame of Cabaret... |
1902–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Austrian | writer and graphic artist | |
| Lidia Zamenhof Lidia Zamenhof Lidia Zamenhof was the youngest daughter of Ludwig Zamenhof, the creator of the international auxiliary language, Esperanto. She was born 29 January 1904 in Warsaw, then in the Russian Empire... |
1904–1942, Treblinka | Polish | work for Esperanto movement, as well as translations of Bahá'í writings | |
| Jura Soyfer Jura Soyfer Jura Soyfer was an important Austrian political journalist and cabaret writer.-Life:... |
1912–1939, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
Austrian | journalist, writer | typhus |
| Yitzhak Katzenelson Yitzhak Katzenelson Itzhak Katzenelson נעלסאָן was a Jewish teacher, poet and dramatist. He was born in 1886 in Karelichy near Minsk, and was murdered May 1, 1944 in Auschwitz.Soon after his birth Katzenelson's family moved to Łódź, Poland, where he grew up... |
1886–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Belarusian | teacher, writer | |
| Petr Ginz Petr Ginz Petr Ginz was a Czechoslovak boy of Jewish descent who was deported to the Terezín concentration camp during the Holocaust... |
1928–1944, aged 16, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech | editor of Vedem Vedem Vedem was a Czech-language literary magazine that existed from 1942 to 1944 in the Terezín concentration camp, during the Holocaust. It was hand-produced by a group of boys living in the Home One barracks, led by editor-in-chief Petr Ginz... |
gas chamber |
| Julius Fučík Julius Fucík thumb|Julius FucikJulius Fučík was a Czechoslovak journalist, an active member of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , and part of the forefront of the anti-Nazi resistance. He was imprisoned, tortured, and executed by the Nazis.- Early life :Julius Fučík was born into a working-class family in... |
1903–1943, Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
Czech | resistance leader | |
| Milena Jesenská Milena Jesenská Milena Jesenská was a Czech journalist, writer, editor and translator, who refused to abandon her Jewish friends and was deported to and died alongside them in Ravensbrück concentration camp.... |
1896–1944, Ravensbrück Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück was a notorious women's concentration camp during World War II, located in northern Germany, 90 km north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück .... |
Czech | journalist | kidney failure |
| Paul Kornfeld | 1889–1942 | Czech | writer | |
| Karel Poláček Karel Polácek Karel Poláček was a Czechoslovak writer, humorist and journalist of Jewish descent.-Life:He was born in Rychnov nad Kněžnou into a family of a Jewish trader. He started to attend secondary school there, but due to his bad results he transferred to a secondary school in Prague, from which he... |
1892–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech | writer | gas chamber |
| Vladislav Vančura Vladislav Vancura Vladislav Vančura was one of the most important Bohemian writers of the 20th century... |
1891–1942, Prague Prague Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million... |
Czech | writer, doctor | execution |
| Etty Hillesum Etty Hillesum Esther "Etty" Hillesum was a young Jewish woman whose letters and diaries, kept between 1941 and 1943 describe life in Amsterdam during the German occupation... |
1914–1943, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Dutch | writer, diary author | |
| Helga Deen Helga Deen Helga Deen was the author of a diary, discovered in 2004, which describes her stay in a Dutch prison camp, Kamp Vught, where she was brought during World War II at the age of 18.... |
1925–1943, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Dutch | author of a published diary | |
| Benjamin Fondane Benjamin Fondane Benjamin Fondane or Benjamin Fundoianu was a Romanian and French poet, critic and existentialist philosopher, also noted for his work in film and theater. Known from his Romanian youth as a Symbolist poet and columnist, he alternated Neoromantic and Expressionist themes with echoes from Tudor... |
1898–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
French | poet, literary critic | gas chamber |
| Walter Benjamin Walter Benjamin Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German-Jewish intellectual, who functioned variously as a literary critic, philosopher, sociologist, translator, radio broadcaster and essayist... |
1892–1940, suicide to avoid deportation | German | literary critic and philosopher | |
| Felix Fechenbach Felix Fechenbach Felix Fechenbach was a German-Jewish journalist, poet and political activist, who was murdered by the Nazis.... |
1894–1933, executed during the deportation to Dachau | German | journalist and activist | |
| Walter Hasenclever Walter Hasenclever Walter Hasenclever was a German Expressionist poet and playwright.-Biography:... |
1890–1940, suicide to avoid deportation | German | expressionist writer | |
| Jakob van Hoddis Jakob van Hoddis Jakob van Hoddis was the pen name of a German-Jewish expressionist poet Hans Davidsohn, of which name "Van Hoddis" is an anagram... |
1887–1942, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
German | writer | |
| Jochen Klepper Jochen Klepper Jochen Klepper was a German writer, poet and journalist.-Life:Klepper was born in Beuthen an der Oder , Silesia, the son of a Lutheran minister... |
1903–1942, suicide in Berlin | German | writer | |
| Erich Knauf Erich Knauf Erich Knauf was a German journalist, writer, and songwriter. He was executed for making jokes about the Nazi regime.- Biography :... |
1895–1944, in Brandenburg Brandenburg (town) Brandenburg an der Havel is a town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a population of 71,778 . It is located on the banks of the River Havel. The town of Brandenburg, which is almost as widely known as the state of Brandenburg, provided the name for the medieval Bishopric of Brandenburg,... |
German | journalist, poet | |
| Adam Kuckhoff Adam Kuckhoff Adam Kuckhoff was a German writer, journalist, and resistance fighter in the Third Reich.... |
1887–1943, in Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | writer, dramatist, resistance fighter | |
| Erich Mühsam Erich Mühsam Erich Mühsam was a German-Jewish anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic.... |
1878–1934, Oranienburg Oranienburg Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.- Geography :Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin.- Division of the town :... |
German | writer, anarchist | |
| Willi Münzenberg Willi Münzenberg Willi Münzenberg was a communist political activist. Münzenberg was the first head of the Young Communist International in 1919-20 and established the famine-relief and propaganda organization Workers International Relief in 1921... |
1889–1940, suicide/murder in France | German | publisher, politician | |
| Friedrich Münzer Friedrich Münzer Friedrich Münzer was a German classical scholar noted for the development of prosopography, particularly for his demonstrations of how family relationships in ancient Rome connected to political struggles.... |
1868–1942, Theresienstadt | German | philologist Philology Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary studies, history and linguistics.Classical philology is the philology of Greek and Classical Latin... |
|
| Carl von Ossietzky Carl von Ossietzky Carl von Ossietzky was a German pacifist and the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize. He was convicted of high treason and espionage in 1931 after publishing details of Germany's alleged violation of the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding an air force, the predecessor of the Luftwaffe, and... |
1889–1938, Berlin | German | journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner | |
| Erich Salomon Erich Salomon Erich Salomon was a German-born news photographer known for his pictures in the diplomatic and legal professions and the innovative methods he used to acquire them.... |
1886–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | photojournalist | |
| Libertas Schulze-Boysen Libertas Schulze-Boysen Libertas Schulze-Boysen, born Libertas Viktoria Haas-Heye was a German opponent of the Nazis who belonged to the Red Orchestra resistance group during the Third Reich.- Early years :Schulze-Boysen spent her childhood at her grandfather's estate Philip, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld... |
1913–1942, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | film critic, resistance fighter | |
| Miklós Radnóti Miklós Radnóti Miklós Radnóti, birth name Miklós Glatter was a Hungarian poet who died in The Holocaust.-Personality and early life:... |
1909–1944, shot into a mass grave near the village of Abda Abda, Hungary Abda is a village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary.- External links :* *... in Northwestern Hungary |
Hungarian | poet | |
| Antal Szerb Antal Szerb Antal Szerb was a noted Hungarian scholar and writer. He is recognized as one of the major Hungarian literary personalities of the 20th century.-Life and work:... |
1901–1945, in a concentration camp in Balf Balf Balf is the main tribe of the region Babol, and originate from the House of Suren.Balf is a town in Hungary, a district of Sopron.The well-known Jewish scholar and writer Antal Szerb was deported to a concentration camp near Balf and there beaten to death there in January 1945.... |
Hungarian | writer, literary scholar | |
| Mordechai Gebirtig Mordechai Gebirtig Mordechai Gebirtig, born Mordecai Bertig was an influential Yiddish poet and songwriter.- S'brent :One of Gebirtig's best-known songs is "S'brent" , written in 1938 in response to the 1936 pogrom of Jews in the shtetl of Przytyk. Gebirtig had hoped its message, “Don't stand there, brothers, douse... |
1877–1942, Krakau Ghetto | Polish | Yiddish poet, musician and composer | |
| Bruno Schulz Bruno Schulz Bruno Schulz was a Polish writer, fine artist, literary critic and art teacher born to Jewish parents, and regarded as one of the great Polish-language prose stylists of the 20th century. Schulz was born in Drohobycz, in the province of Galicia then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and spent... |
1892–1942, Drohobycz Ghetto | Polish | writer | |
| Wilhelm Eduard Schmid | d. 1934, accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives Night of the Long Knives The Night of the Long Knives , sometimes called "Operation Hummingbird " or in Germany the "Röhm-Putsch," was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders... in a case of mistaken identity |
German | music critic | |
| Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger was a Romanian-born German-language poet. A Jew, she was a victim of the Holocaust and died at the age of 18 in a labor camp in Ukraine.... |
1924–1942, aged 18, Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine | Romanian | writer | typhus |
| David Vogel | 1891–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Russian | Hebrew writer | |
| Anton de Kom Anton de Kom Cornelis Gerard Anton de Kom was a Surinamese resistance fighter and anti-colonialist author.-Biography:... |
1898–1945, Neuengamme | Surinamese | author, human rights activist | |
| Irène Némirovsky Irène Némirovsky Irène Némirovsky was a French novelist who died at the age of 39 in Auschwitz, Nazi Germany occupied Poland. She was killed by the Nazis for being classified as a Jew under the racial laws, which did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicism.-Biography:Irène Némirovsky was born in... |
1903–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Ukrainian | writer | gas chamber |
Visual arts and design
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Friedl Dicker-Brandeis Friedl Dicker-Brandeis Frederika "Friedl" Dicker-Brandeis , was an Austrian artist murdered by the Nazi's in their extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau.... |
1896–1944, Birkenau Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... close to Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Austrian | artist | |
| Josef Čapek Josef Capek Josef Čapek was a Czech artist who was best known as a painter, but who was also noted as a writer and a poet. He invented the word robot, which was introduced into literature by his brother, Karel Čapek.- Biography :... |
1887–1945, Bergen-Belsen Bergen-Belsen concentration camp Bergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp in Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle... |
Czech | painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer | |
| Samuel J. de Mesquita Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita was a graphic artist active in the years before the Second World War. His pupils included the now renowned Mauritis Cornelis Escher . In the postwar years, de Mesquita was largely forgotten... |
1868–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Dutch | painter and designer | gas chamber |
| Abraham Icek Tuschinski Abraham Icek Tuschinski Abraham Icek Tuschinski was a Dutch businessman of Jewish-Polish descent who ordered the construction of the Tuschinski Theater, a famed cinema in Amsterdam.... |
1886–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Dutch | designer of the Tuschinski Theater | |
| Max Jacob Max Jacob Max Jacob was a French poet, painter, writer, and critic.-Life and career:After spending his childhood in Quimper, Brittany, France, he enrolled in the Paris Colonial School, which he left in 1897 for an artistic career... |
1876–1944, Drancy deportation camp | French | artist | pneumonia |
| Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th century art. He volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a... |
1880–1938, suicide, Davos Davos Davos is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of 11,248 . Davos is located on the Landwasser River, in the Swiss Alps, between the Plessur and Albula Range... |
German | painter | |
| Julius Klinger Julius Klinger Julius Klinger was an Austrian Painter, draftsman, illustrator, commercial graphic artist, typographer and writer. Klinger studied at the Technologisches Gewerbemuseum in Vienna.- Early works in Vienna and Munich :... |
1876–1942, deported, Minsk Minsk - Ecological situation :The ecological situation is monitored by Republican Center of Radioactive and Environmental Control .During 2003–2008 the overall weight of contaminants increased from 186,000 to 247,400 tons. The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened... |
Austrian | artist/designer | |
| Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler Elfriede Lohse Wächtler was a German painter of the avant-garde whose works were banned as "degenerate art", and in some cases destroyed, by the Third Reich. She was killed in a former psychiatric institution at Sonnenstein castle in Pirna under Action T4, a forced euthanasia program of Nazi Germany... |
1899–1940, Aktion T4 victim, Pirna Pirna Pirna is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, capital of the administrative district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge. The town's population is over 40,000. Pirna is located near Dresden and is an important district town as well as a Große Kreisstadt... |
German | painter | |
| Felix Nussbaum Felix Nussbaum Felix Nussbaum was a German-Jewish surrealist painter. Nussbaum’s artwork gives a rare glimpse into the essence of one individual among the victims of the Holocaust.- Early life and education :... |
1859–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Austrian | painter | |
| Charlotte Salomon Charlotte Salomon Charlotte Salomon was a German-Jewish artist born in Berlin. She is primarily remembered as the creator of an autobiographical series of paintings Leben? oder Theater?: Ein Singspiel consisting of 769 individual works painted between 1941 and 1943 in the south of France, while Salomon was in... |
1917–1943, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | painter | gas chamber |
| Jan Rubczak Jan Rubczak Jan Rubczak was a Polish painter and graphic artist.During the Second World War he was murdered in the German concentration camp Auschwitz.-External links:*... |
1884–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Polish | painter, graphic artist | |
| Nicolaus Rossini Nicolaus Rossini Nicolaus Rossini was a famous Polish painter killed by Nazis during World War II. Since his youth age his paintings were exhibited in many different galleries all around Poland. His paintings are well known in Italy, where his father came from. Rossini's work was non-schematic... |
1898-1943 Kraków-Płaszów | Polish | artist, wartime hero | |
Music
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pavel Haas Pavel Haas Pavel Haas was a Czech composer who was murdered during the Holocaust. He was an exponent of Leoš Janáček's school of composition, and also utilized elements of folk music and jazz. Although his output was not large, he is notable particularly for his song cycles and string quartets.-Pre-war:Haas... |
1899–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech | composer | gas chamber |
| Gideon Klein Gideon Klein Gideon Klein was a Czech pianist and composer of classical music, organizer of cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.-Life:... |
1919–1945, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech | composer | |
| Hans Krása Hans Krása Hans Krása was a Czech composer who was killed in the Holocaust at Auschwitz. He helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.-Life:... |
1899–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech (Bohemian) | composer | |
| Leon Jessel Leon Jessel Leon Jessel, or Léon Jessel was a German composer of operettas and light classical music pieces. Today he is best known internationally as the composer of the popular jaunty march "The Parade of the Tin Soldiers," also known as "The Parade of the Wooden Soldiers." Jessel was a prolific composer... |
1871–1942, Berlin | German | composer | torture by Gestapo |
| Erwin Schulhoff Erwin Schulhoff Erwin Schulhoff was a Czech composer and pianist.-Life:Born in Prague of Jewish-German origin, Schulhoff was one of the brightest figures in a generation of European musicians whose successful careers were prematurely terminated by the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany... |
1894–1942, Wülzburg concentration camp | Czech | composer, jazz pianist | tuberculosis |
| Viktor Ullmann Viktor Ullmann Viktor Ullmann was a Silesia-born Austrian, later Czech composer, conductor and pianist of Jewish origin.- Biography :... |
1898–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Czech | composer, pianist | gas chamber |
| Karlrobert Kreiten Karlrobert Kreiten Karlrobert Kreiten was a German pianist, though holding Dutch citizenship his entire life due to his Dutch father.... |
1916–1943, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | pianist | |
| Alma Rosé Alma Rosé Alma Rosé was an Austrian violinist of Jewish descent. Her uncle was the composer Gustav Mahler. Alma Rosé was deported by the Nazis to the infamous concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. There she directed an orchestra of terrified prisoners who played to their captors in order that they... |
1906–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Austrian | violinist, conductor | |
| Józef Koffler Józef Koffler Józef Koffler was a Polish composer, music teacher, musicologist and musical columnist.He was the first Polish composer living before the Second World War to apply the twelve tone composition technique .- Biography :... |
1896–1944, Krosno | Polish | composer, teacher, columnist | |
| Leo Smit | 1900–1943, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Dutch | composer | |
| Marcel Tyberg Marcel Tyberg Marcel Tyberg was an Austrian composer. His music is late-romantic in style.Following his studies in Vienna, he settled in Abbazia, where he composed both popular and concert music. His Symphony No. 2 was premiered by his friend Rafael Kubelik with the Czech Philharmonic in the early 1930s... |
1893–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Austrian | composer, pianist, conductor | |
| Gershon Sirota Gershon Sirota Gershon-Itskhok Sirota was one of the leading cantors of Europe during the "Golden Age of Hazzanut" , sometimes referred to as the "Jewish Caruso."-Biography:... |
1874–1943, Warsaw Ghetto Warsaw Ghetto The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of all Jewish Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. It was established in the Polish capital between October and November 15, 1940, in the territory of General Government of the German-occupied Poland, with over 400,000 Jews from the vicinity... |
Polish | cantor, tenor |
Humanities
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mildred Harnack Mildred Harnack Mildred Fish-Harnack was an American-German literary historian, translator, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany.- Life in the United States:... |
1902–1943, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
American | literary historian, translator, resistance fighter | |
| Elise Richter Elise Richter Elise Richter was a philologist. Born in Vienna to a middle-class Jewish family, the daughter of Dr. Maximilian and Emelie Richter Elise Richter (2 March 1865 – 23 June 1943) was a philologist. Born in Vienna to a middle-class Jewish family, the daughter of Dr. Maximilian (died 1891) and Emelie... |
1865–1943, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
Austrian | Romance Romance (genre) As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight errant portrayed as... philology Philology Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary studies, history and linguistics.Classical philology is the philology of Greek and Classical Latin... professor |
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| Simon Dubnow Simon Dubnow Simon Dubnow was a Jewish historian, writer and activist... |
1860–1941, at Riga ghetto Riga Ghetto The Riga Ghetto was a small area in Maskavas Forštate, neighborhood of Riga, Latvia, designated by the Nazis where Jews from Latvia, and later from Germany, were forced to live during World War II. On October 25, 1941, the Nazis relocated all Jews from Riga and the vicinity to the ghetto while the... during the Rumbula massacre Rumbula massacre The Rumbula massacre was the two-day killing of about 25,000 Jews in and on the way to Rumbula forest near Riga, Latvia, during the Holocaust. Save only the Babi Yar massacre in Ukraine, this was the biggest two-day Holocaust atrocity until the operation of the death camps... |
Belarusian | historian, writer, activist | |
| Norbert Jokl Norbert Jokl Norbert Jokl was an Austrian Albanologist of Jewish descent who has been called the father of Albanology.- Early life :... |
1877–1942, Rossau Rossau Rossau may refer to:* Rossau, Saxony, a municipality in the district of Mittweida, Saxony, Germany* Rossau, Saxony-Anhalt, a municipality in the district of Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany* Roßau, a part of the 9th district of Vienna, Austria... |
Czech | albanologist Albanology Albanology is the science that studies Albanian language and culture.The father of Albanology is often considered to be the Austrian Norbert Jokl, while the Croat Milan Šufflay and the Hungarian Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás are also among its famous founders.Among modern important Albanologists... |
|
| Marc Bloch Marc Bloch Marc Léopold Benjamin Bloch was a French historian who cofounded the highly influential Annales School of French social history. Bloch was a quintessential modernist. An assimilated Alsatian Jew from an academic family in Paris, he was deeply affected in his youth by the Dreyfus Affair... |
1886–1944 Saint-Didier-de-Formans Saint-Didier-de-Formans Saint-Didier-de-Formans is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.-Population:-Personalities:The historian Marc Bloch was executed by the Gestapo here.-References:*... |
French | historian, resistance leader | |
| Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory.Born in Reims, Halbwachs attended the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. There he studied philosophy with Henri Bergson, who influenced him greatly. He aggregated in Philosophy in 1901... |
1877–1945, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
French | philosopher | |
| Georges Politzer Georges Politzer Georges Politzer was a French philosopher and Marxist theoretician of Hungarian origin, affectionately referred to by some as the "red-headed philosopher" . He was a native of Oradea, a city in present-day Romania.-Biography:Politzer was already a militant by the time of his involvement in the... |
1902–1942, executed | French | philosopher | |
| Avgust Pirjevec Avgust Pirjevec Avgust Pirjevec was a Slovene literary scholar, lexicographist and librarian.- Biography :Pirjevec was born in a Slovene-speaking family in Gorizia, a town in the Austrian Littoral . He studied Slavic philology at the University of Vienna. He graduated in 1913 with a thesis on Fran Levstik... |
1887–1944, Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp Mauthausen Concentration Camp grew to become a large group of Nazi concentration camps that was built around the villages of Mauthausen and Gusen in Upper Austria, roughly east of the city of Linz.Initially a single camp at Mauthausen, it expanded over time and by the summer of 1940, the... |
Slovenian | literary historian | |
| Walter Benjamin Walter Benjamin Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German-Jewish intellectual, who functioned variously as a literary critic, philosopher, sociologist, translator, radio broadcaster and essayist... |
1892–1940, suicide to avoid extradition, Portbou Portbou Portbou is a town in the Alt Empordà county, in Girona province, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 1,307 people.- Overview :It is located near the French border in the Costa Brava region, and frequently serves as a dropping off point for SNCF trains coming from Cerbère in France.Portbou... |
German | philosopher | |
| Friedrich Münzer Friedrich Münzer Friedrich Münzer was a German classical scholar noted for the development of prosopography, particularly for his demonstrations of how family relationships in ancient Rome connected to political struggles.... |
1868–1942, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
German | classical Classics Classics is the branch of the Humanities comprising the languages, literature, philosophy, history, art, archaeology and other culture of the ancient Mediterranean world ; especially Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome during Classical Antiquity Classics (sometimes encompassing Classical Studies or... scholar |
Mathematics
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Georg Alexander Pick Georg Alexander Pick Georg Alexander Pick was an Austrian mathematician. He was born to Josefa Schleisinger and Adolf Josef Pick. He died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. Today he is best known for Pick's formula for determining the area of lattice polygons... |
1859–1943, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
Austrian | Pick's theorem Pick's theorem Given a simple polygon constructed on a grid of equal-distanced points such that all the polygon's vertices are grid points, Pick's theorem provides a simple formula for calculating the area A of this polygon in terms of the number i of lattice points in the interior located in the polygon and the... |
| Otto Blumenthal Otto Blumenthal Ludwig Otto Blumenthal was a German mathematician and professor at RWTH Aachen University. He was born in Frankfurt, Prussia... |
1876–1944, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
German | Work in number theory Number theory Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers. Number theorists study prime numbers as well... , editor of Mathematische Annalen Mathematische Annalen Mathematische Annalen is a German mathematical research journal founded in 1868 by Alfred Clebsch and Carl Neumann... |
| Felix Hausdorff Felix Hausdorff Felix Hausdorff was a Jewish German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.-Life:Hausdorff studied at the University of Leipzig,... |
1868–1942, suicide, Bonn Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999.... |
German | One of the founders of modern topology Topology Topology is a major area of mathematics concerned with properties that are preserved under continuous deformations of objects, such as deformations that involve stretching, but no tearing or gluing... |
| Friedrich Hartogs Friedrich Hartogs Friedrich Moritz Hartogs was a German-Jewish mathematician, known for work on set theory and foundational results on several complex variables.- See also :*Hartogs domain*Hartogs–Laurent expansion... |
1874–1943, suicide, Großhesselohe | German | Foundational work in several complex variables Several complex variables The theory of functions of several complex variables is the branch of mathematics dealing with functionson the space Cn of n-tuples of complex numbers... |
| Robert Remak Robert Remak (mathematician) Robert Erich Remak was a German mathematician. He is chiefly remembered for his work in group theory . His other interests included algebraic number theory, mathematical economics and geometry of numbers... |
1888–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | Work in group theory Group theory In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and... , number theory Number theory Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers. Number theorists study prime numbers as well... , mathematical economics Mathematical economics Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent economic theories and analyze problems posed in economics. It allows formulation and derivation of key relationships in a theory with clarity, generality, rigor, and simplicity... |
| Adolf Lindenbaum Adolf Lindenbaum Adolf Lindenbaum , was a Polish logician and mathematician.He was a student of Wacław Sierpiński, became a distinguished author of works on set theory and had served as an Assistant Professor at Warsaw University... |
1904–1941, Ghetto Vilnius Vilnius Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County... |
Polish | Work in set theory Set theory Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies sets, which are collections of objects. Although any type of object can be collected into a set, set theory is applied most often to objects that are relevant to mathematics... |
| Antoni Łomnicki | 1881–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | Polish mathematician |
| Stanisław Ruziewicz | 1889–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | Ruziewicz problem Ruziewicz problem In mathematics, the Ruziewicz problem in measure theory asks whether the usual Lebesgue measure on the n-sphere is characterised, up to proportionality, by its properties of being finitely additive, invariant under rotations, and defined on all Lebesgue measurable sets.This was answered... |
| Stanisław Saks | 1897–1942, murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most... |
Polish | Work in measure theory |
| Juliusz Schauder Juliusz Schauder Juliusz Paweł Schauder was a Polish mathematician of Jewish origin, known for his work in functional analysis, partial differential equation and mathematical physics.Born on September 21, 1899 in Lemberg, he had to fight in World War I right after his graduation from school... |
1899–1943, executed by the Gestapo, Lviv Lviv Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following... |
Polish | Schauder fixed point theorem Schauder fixed point theorem The Schauder fixed point theorem is an extension of the Brouwer fixed point theorem to topological vector spaces, which may be of infinite dimension... , Schauder basis Schauder basis In mathematics, a Schauder basis or countable basis is similar to the usual basis of a vector space; the difference is that Hamel bases use linear combinations that are finite sums, while for Schauder bases they may be infinite sums... |
| Włodzimierz Stożek | 1883–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | Polish mathematician |
| Alfred Tauber Alfred Tauber Alfred Tauber was a mathematician who was born in Bratislava, and died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. In 1897 he proved a corrected converse of Abel's theorem. G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood coined the term Tauberian to describe converse theorems like that proved by Tauber.- External... |
1866–1942, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
Slovak | Tauberian theorems Abelian and tauberian theorems In mathematics, abelian and tauberian theorems are theorems giving conditions for two methods of summing divergent series to give the same result, named after Niels Henrik Abel and Alfred Tauber... |
Natural sciences
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ernst Cohen Ernst Cohen Ernst Julius Cohen was a Dutch Jewish chemist known for his work on the allotropy of metals. Cohen studied chemistry under Svante Arrhenius in Stockholm, Henri Moissan at Paris, and Jacobus van't Hoff at Amsterdam... |
1869–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Dutch | chemist, work on the allotropy of metals | gas chamber |
| Walter Arndt Walter Arndt Walter Arndt was a German zoologist and physician.-Life:At the University of Breslau, Arndt studied medicine and zoology... |
1891–1944, executed, Brandenburg Brandenburg Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam... |
German | zoologist |
Medicine, psychology, pedagogy
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolf Reichwein Adolf Reichwein Adolf Reichwein was a German educator, economist, and cultural policymaker for the SPD. He was also a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany.-Biography:... |
1898–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | doctor, educator, politician | |
| Elisabeth von Thadden Elisabeth von Thadden Elisabeth Adelheid Hildegard von Thadden was a German educator who founded a private school that now bears her name, and an outspoken critic of the Nazi régime... |
1890–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | educator | |
| Karl Rosenmayer | d. 1942 | German | physician, surgeon | |
| Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński Tadeusz Boy-Zelenski Tadeusz Kamil Marcjan Żeleński was a Polish stage writer, poet, critic above all, and translator of over 100 French literary classics into Polish... |
1874–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | paediatrician, poet, translator | |
| Antoni Cieszyński Antoni Cieszynski Antoni Cieszyński was a Polish physician, dentist and surgeon.Antoni was professor and head of the Institute of Stomatology at the Lviv University... |
1882–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | physician, dentist, surgeon | |
| Władysław Dobrzaniecki | 1897–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | physician, surgeon | |
| Amy Yael Schiowitz | 1921–1941, Massacre of Lwów Massacre of Lwów professors In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów, Poland ; now in Ukraine) were killed by Nazi German occupation forces along with their families and guests... |
Polish | psychologist, psychiatry | |
| Janusz Korczak Janusz Korczak Janusz Korczak, the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit was a Polish-Jewish children's author, and pediatrician known as Pan Doktor or Stary Doktor... |
1878–1942, Treblinka | Polish | doctor, child physician, wartime hero |
Law, business
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs Maurice Halbwachs was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory.Born in Reims, Halbwachs attended the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. There he studied philosophy with Henri Bergson, who influenced him greatly. He aggregated in Philosophy in 1901... |
1877–1945, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
French | sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of collective memory Collective memory Collective memory refers to the shared pool of information held in the memories of two or more members of a group, and was coined by the philosopher and sociologist Maurice Halbwachs. Collective memory can be shared, passed on and constructed by groups both small and large... |
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| Elisabeth de Rothschild Elisabeth de Rothschild Elisabeth de Rothschild was a member by marriage of the wine-making branch of the Rothschild family.... |
1902–1945, Ravensbrück | French | wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild Philippe de Rothschild Baron Philippe de Rothschild was a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty who became a Grand Prix race-car driver, a screenwriter and playwright, a theatrical producer, a film producer, a poet, and one of the most successful wine growers in the world.-Early life:Born in Paris, Georges Philippe... |
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| Klaus Bonhoeffer Klaus Bonhoeffer Klaus Bonhoeffer was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime who was executed after the July 1944 plot to kill Hitler.... |
1901–1945, executed, Berlin | German | jurist, resistance fighter | |
| Hans von Dohnanyi Hans von Dohnanyi Hans von Dohnanyi was a German jurist, rescuer of Jews, and German resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Early life:... |
1902–1945, executed, Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen concentration camp Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD... |
German | jurist, resistance fighter | |
| Reinhold Frank Reinhold Frank Reinhold Frank was a German lawyer. He did work for the resistance to Hitler's rule in Nazi Germany. He was sentenced to death in connection with the failed July 20 Plot.-Life:... |
1896–1945, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | lawyer, member of July 20 Plot July 20 Plot On 20 July 1944, an attempt was made to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of the Third Reich, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The plot was the culmination of the efforts of several groups in the German Resistance to overthrow the Nazi-led German government... |
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| Martin Gauger Martin Gauger Martin Gauger was a German jurist and pacifist from Wuppertal, Rhenish Prussia. He was a member of the Kreisau Circle which sought to overthrow the National Socialist regime in Germany during the Second World War.... |
1905–1941, NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein | German | jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle Kreisau Circle The Kreisau Circle was the name the Nazi Gestapo gave to a group of German dissidents centered on the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. The Kreisauer Kreis is celebrated as one of the instances of German opposition to the Nazi regime... |
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| Franz Kaufmann Franz Kaufmann Franz Kaufmann was a German jurist and victim of the Holocaust. His role helping underground Jews survive in hiding in Berlin and his execution are documented in The Forger, the memoirs of Cioma Schonhaus.... |
1886–1944, Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen concentration camp Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD... |
German | jurist | |
| Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Helmuth James Graf von Moltke was a German jurist who, as a draftee in the German Abwehr, acted to subvert German human-rights abuses of people in territories occupied by Germany during World War II and subsequently became a founding member of the Kreisau Circle resistance group, whose members... |
1907–1945, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | jurist, founder of the Kreisau Circle Kreisau Circle The Kreisau Circle was the name the Nazi Gestapo gave to a group of German dissidents centered on the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. The Kreisauer Kreis is celebrated as one of the instances of German opposition to the Nazi regime... |
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| Karl Sack Karl Sack Karl Sack was a German jurist and member of the resistance movement during World War II.... |
1896–1945, executed, Flossenbürg Flossenbürg concentration camp Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Czechoslovakia. Until its liberation in April 1945, more than 96,000 prisoners... |
German | jurist, member of the July 20 plot July 20 Plot On 20 July 1944, an attempt was made to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of the Third Reich, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The plot was the culmination of the efforts of several groups in the German Resistance to overthrow the Nazi-led German government... |
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| Rüdiger Schleicher Rüdiger Schleicher Rüdiger Schleicher was a German resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.Born in Stuttgart, Schleicher was married to Ursula Bonhoeffer , Karl Bonhoeffer's daughter and Dietrich and Klaus Bonhoeffer's sister... |
1895–1945, executed, Berlin | German | resistance fighter | |
| Kazimierz Proszyński Kazimierz Prószynski Kazimierz Prószyński was a Polish inventor active in the field of cinema. He patented his first film camera, called Pleograph , before the Lumière brothers, and later went on to improve the cinema projector for the Gaumont company, as well as invent the widely used hand-held Aeroscope... |
1875–1945, Mauthausen | Polish | inventor | |
| Betsie ten Boom Betsie ten Boom Elisabeth ten Boom was one of the leading characters in The Hiding Place, a book written by her sister Corrie ten Boom about the family's experiences during World War II. Nicknamed Betsie, she suffered with pernicious anemia from her birth... |
1885–1944 Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück was a notorious women's concentration camp during World War II, located in northern Germany, 90 km north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück .... |
Dutch | book keeper | Pernicious anemia Pernicious anemia Pernicious anemia is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias... |
| Casper ten Boom Casper ten Boom Casper ten Boom was a Dutch Christian who helped many Jews and resisters escape the Nazis during the Holocaust of World War II. He is the father of Betsie and Corrie ten Boom, who also aided the Jews and were sent to Ravensbruck concentration camp; only Corrie survived... |
1859–1944 | Dutch | watchmaker | tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body... , mistreatment Neglect Neglect is a passive form of abuse in which a perpetrator is responsible to provide care for a victim who is unable to care for himself or herself, but fails to provide adequate care.... |
Theology, spirituality, religion
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kai Munk | 1898–1944, murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark | Danish | theologian, playwright | |
| Dietrich Bonhoeffer Dietrich Bonhoeffer Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian and martyr. He was a participant in the German resistance movement against Nazism and a founding member of the Confessing Church. He was involved in plans by members of the Abwehr to assassinate Adolf Hitler... |
1906–1945, Flossenbürg Flossenbürg concentration camp Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Czechoslovakia. Until its liberation in April 1945, more than 96,000 prisoners... |
German | Lutheran Lutheranism Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation... pastor Pastor The word pastor usually refers to an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, this role may be abbreviated to "Pr." or often "Ps".... , theologian, |
Hanged with thin wire |
| Regina Jonas Regina Jonas Regina Jonas was a Berlin-born rabbi. In 1935, she became the first Jewish woman to be ordained as a rabbi .-Early life:She became orphaned from her father when she was very young... |
1902–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | woman Rabbi Rabbi In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah... |
|
| Jochen Klepper Jochen Klepper Jochen Klepper was a German writer, poet and journalist.-Life:Klepper was born in Beuthen an der Oder , Silesia, the son of a Lutheran minister... |
1903–1942, suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin | German | theologian, journalist | |
| Friedrich Lorenz Friedrich Lorenz Friedrich Lorenz was a Catholic priest and a member of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate.-Life:... |
1897–1944, executed, Halle an der Saale | German | priest, member of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate is a missionary religious congregation in the Catholic Church. It was founded on January 25, 1816 by Saint Eugene de Mazenod, a French priest born in Aix-en-Provence in the south of France on August 1, 1782. The congregation was given recognition by Pope... |
beheaded |
| Paul Schneider Paul Schneider (pastor) Paul Schneider was an Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union pastor who was the first Protestant minister to be martyred by the Nazis. He was executed at Buchenwald.-Early life:... |
1897–1939, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
German | clergyman | lethal injection |
| Edith Stein Edith Stein Saint Teresia Benedicta of the Cross, sometimes also known as Saint Edith Stein , was a German Roman Catholic philosopher and nun, regarded as a martyr and saint of the Roman Catholic Church... |
1891–1942, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | nun, Catholic saint (born Jewish) | gas chamber |
| Sándor Büchler Sándor Büchler Alexander Büchler, or Bűchler Sándor was a Hungarian rabbi and educator.... |
1869–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Hungarian | rabbi, historian | |
| Avraham Yitzchak Bloch Avraham Yitzchak Bloch Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak Bloch was the Chief Rabbi and Rosh Yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva in Lithuania, and one of the greatest pre-Holocaust Rabbinic figures.... |
1891–1941, murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz Telz *Telz can refer to the town of Telšiai, in Lithuania.*Telz is also used as the abbreviated name for:**Telshe yeshiva originally in Lithuania that was transplanted to Cleveland, Ohio.... |
Lithuanian | Chief Rabbi Chief Rabbi Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities... , rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva |
|
| Elchonon Wasserman Elchonon Wasserman Elchonon Wasserman was a prominent rabbi and rosh yeshiva in pre-World War II Europe. He was one of the Chofetz Chaim's closest disciples and a noted Torah scholar.-Biography:... |
1875–1941, Kovno | Lithuanian | rabbi, rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the dean of a Talmudical academy . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh — meaning head, and yeshiva — a school of religious Jewish education... |
|
| Azriel Rabinowitz Azriel Rabinowitz Rabbi Azriel Rabinowitz was a rosh yeshiva at the Telshe yeshiva of Lithuania and one of the youngest pre-Holocaust rosh yeshivas.-Biography:... |
1905–1941, murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz Telz *Telz can refer to the town of Telšiai, in Lithuania.*Telz is also used as the abbreviated name for:**Telshe yeshiva originally in Lithuania that was transplanted to Cleveland, Ohio.... |
Lithuanian | rabbi, rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the dean of a Talmudical academy . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh — meaning head, and yeshiva — a school of religious Jewish education... at the Telz Yeshiva |
|
| Shimon Shkop Shimon Shkop Shimon Yehuda Hakohen Shkop was a rosh yeshiva in the Yeshiva Shaar Hatorah and in the Telshe yeshiva and a renowned Talmudic scholar. He was born in Torez in 1860. At the age of twelve he went to study in the Mir yeshiva, and at fifteen he went to Volozhin yeshiva where he studied six years... |
1860–1940, Grodno | Lithuanian | rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the dean of a Talmudical academy . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh — meaning head, and yeshiva — a school of religious Jewish education... , Talmudic scholar |
|
| Maximilian Kolbe Maximilian Kolbe Saint Maximilian Maria Kolbe OFM Conv was a Polish Conventual Franciscan friar, who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the Nazi German concentration camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II.He was canonized on 10 October 1982 by Pope John Paul II, and... |
1894–1941, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Polish | friar, Catholic saint | lethal injection |
| Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski Blessed Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski was a Polish priest, scout and is patron of Polish Scouts. He joined Scouting on March 21, 1927. Stefan served as Patrol leader, later as Troop Leader and during his years in the High Seminary of Pelplin Diocese he was an active member of its Scout Club... |
1913–1945, Dachau | Polish | priest | |
| Karl Ernst Krafft Karl Ernst Krafft Karl Ernst Krafft was a Swiss astrologer. He worked on the fields of astrology and graphology.-Astrology career:... |
1900–1945, during transport to Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
Swiss | astrologer, occultist | |
| Kalonymus Kalman Shapira | 1889–1943, Aktion Erntefest | Polish | Rabbi | |
| Menachem Ziemba Menachem Ziemba Rabbi Menachem Ziemba was a distinguished pre-World War II Rabbi, known as a Talmudic genius and prodigy. He was gunned down by the Nazis in the Warsaw Ghetto.-Biography:... |
1883–1943, The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | Polish | Rabbi | |
| Maria Skobtsova | 1891–1945, Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück was a notorious women's concentration camp during World War II, located in northern Germany, 90 km north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück .... |
Russian | Russian Orthodox nun, saint | gas chamber |
Sport
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estella Agsteribbe Estella Agsteribbe Estella "Stella" Agsteribbe was a Dutch gymnast. She won the gold medal as member of the Dutch gymnastics team at the 1928 Summer Olympics in her native Amsterdam.She was Jewish... |
1909–1943, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
| Alfred Flatow Alfred Flatow Alfred Flatow was a German gymnast. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was Jewish.... |
1869–1942, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
German | gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist | |
| Gustav Flatow Gustav Flatow Gustav Felix Flatow was a German gymnast. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris.... |
1875–1945, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
German | gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist | |
| Bronisław Czech | 1908–1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Polish | skier: Olympian | |
| János Garay (fencer) János Garay (fencer) János Garay was a Hungarian fencer, and one of the best sabre fencers in the world in the 1920s.... |
1889–1945, Mauthausen | Hungarian | fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist | |
| Oszkár Gerde Oszkár Gerde Dr. Oszkár Gerde, also spelled "Oskar" , born in Budapest, Hungary, was a Hungarian sabre fencer.-Olympics:... |
1883–1944, Mauthausen | Hungarian | fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist | |
| Eddy Hamel Eddy Hamel Eddy Hamel was an American football player for Dutch club AFC Ajax.Die-hard Ajax supporters call themselves "Joden" — Dutch for "Jews" — a nickname that reflects both the team's and the city's Jewish heritage... |
1902–1943, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
American | football player, AFC Ajax | |
| Lilli Henoch Lilli Henoch Lilli Henoch was a German track and field athlete who set four world records and won 10 German national championships, in four different disciplines.... |
1899–1942, Riga Ghetto Riga Ghetto The Riga Ghetto was a small area in Maskavas Forštate, neighborhood of Riga, Latvia, designated by the Nazis where Jews from Latvia, and later from Germany, were forced to live during World War II. On October 25, 1941, the Nazis relocated all Jews from Riga and the vicinity to the ghetto while the... |
German | 4 world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay), 10 German national championships, | |
| Otto Herschmann Otto Herschmann Dr. Otto Herschmann was a Jewish Austrian swimmer, fencer, lawyer, and sport official. He is one of only three athletes to have won Olympic medals in different sports.-Olympic swimming career:... |
1877–1942, Izbica concentration camp Izbica concentration camp The Izbica ghetto was a Jewish ghetto created in Izbica in occupied Poland during World War II, serving as a transfer point for deportation of Jews from Poland, Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia to Belzec and Sobibor extermination camps. SS-Hauptsturmführer Kurt Engels was the commandant of the... |
Austrian | fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist | |
| Roman Kantor Roman Kantor Roman Józef Kantor , born in Łódź, Poland, was a Polish Olympic epee fencer.-Early life:Kantor was the son of Elchanan and Barbara Kantor. After finishing local primary school, he left for Paris in 1924 to continue his education. He played tennis, and was captain of the school soccer... |
1912–1943, Majdanek Majdanek Majdanek was a German Nazi concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland, established during the German Nazi occupation of Poland. The camp operated from October 1, 1941 until July 22, 1944, when it was captured nearly intact by the advancing Soviet Red Army... concentration camp |
Polish | fencer; Olympian | |
| Gerrit Kleerekoper Gerrit Kleerekoper Gerrit Kleerekoper was a Jewish - Dutch gymnastics coach. He was married with two children and worked as a diamond cutter.... |
1897–1943, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Dutch | coach Dutch gymnastics team 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games | |
| Józef Klotz Józef Klotz Józef Klotz , born in Kraków, was a Polish footballer of Jewish origin, who scored the first ever goal for the Poland national football team. He was connected with two clubs – Jutrzenka Kraków and Maccabi Warszawa... |
1900–1941 | Polish | Polish national soccer team | |
| Janusz Kusociński Janusz Kusocinski Janusz Tadeusz Kusociński was a Polish athlete, winner in the 10000 m event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.... |
1907–1940, executed in Palmiry Palmiry Palmiry During World War II, between 1939 and 1943, the village and the surrounding forest was one of the sites of German mass executions of Jews, Polish intelligentsia, politicians and athletes, killed during the AB Action. Most of the victims were first arrested and tortured in the Pawiak prison... |
Polish | athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist | |
| Salo Landau Salo Landau Salo Landau was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp.-Early life:... |
1903–1944, Gräditz Graditz Graditz is a village of 250 inhabitants in the Nordsachsen landkreis of Saxony. Since 1994 it has been a quarter of Torgau.... concentration camp |
Dutch | chess player | |
| Vera Menchik Vera Menchik Vera Menchik was a British-Czech chess player who gained renown as the world's first women's chess champion. She also competed in chess tournaments with some of the world's leading male chess masters, defeating many of them, including future World Champion Max Euwe.The daughter of a Czech father... |
1906–1944, killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in South London South London South London is the southern part of London, England, United Kingdom.According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition, South London includes the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Southwark, Sutton and... |
British-Czech | chess player; world champion | |
| Helena Nordheim Helena Nordheim Helena "Lea" Nordheim was a Jewish Dutch gymnast. She won the gold medal as member of the Dutch gymnastics team at the 1928 Summer Olympics in her native Amsterdam.... |
1903–1943, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
| Victor Perez Victor Perez Victor "Young" Perez was a Sephardic Jew born in French Tunisia, who became the World Flyweight Champion in 1931 and 1932. He was born to Khmaïssa Perez a household goods salesman and Khaïlou René Perez. He was raised along with his four siblings in Dar-El Berdgana, the Jewish quarter of Tunis... |
1911–1945, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
Tunisian | boxer; world flyweight champion | |
| Attila Petschauer Attila Petschauer Attila Petschauer was a Jewish Hungarian Olympic fencer.-Fencing career:Born in Budapest, Petschauer was a member of the Hungarian fencing team in the 1928 and 1932 Olympics... |
1904–1943, Davidovka concentration camp Davidovka concentration camp Davidovka concentration camp was a Hungarian-controlled World War II labor camp in Davidovka.... |
Hungarian | fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist | |
| Ans Polak | 1906–1943, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
| Dawid Przepiórka Dawid Przepiórka Dawid Przepiórka was a prominent Polish chess player of the early twentieth century.Dawid Przepiórka was born 22 December 1880 in Warsaw, Poland , to a family of wealthy landowners and entrepreneurs of Jewish extraction... |
1880–1940, executed, Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most... |
Polish | chess player; chess Olympian | |
| Werner Seelenbinder Werner Seelenbinder Werner Seelenbinder was a German communist and wrestler.- Early years :Seelenbinder was born in Szczecin, Pomerania, and became a wrestler after training as a joiner. He had connections with the young people's workers' movement from an early age... |
1904–1944, executed, Brandenburg an der Havel | German | wrestler; Olympian | |
| Jud Simons Jud Simons Judikje "Jud" Simons was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.In 1928 she won the gold medal as member of the Dutch gymnastics team.... |
1904–1943, Sobibór Sobibór extermination camp Sobibor was a Nazi German extermination camp located on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship of occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard; the official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor... |
Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
| Leon Sperling Leon Sperling Leon Sperling was a Polish Olympic footballer.Sperling was born in Kraków. He was a football forward, playing on the left wing. Sperling represented Cracovia, the team he led in 1921, 1930, and 1932 to the Championship of Poland. He also played in 16 games for the Polish National Team, including... |
1900–1941, Lemberg Ghetto | Polish | left wing on national soccer team |
|
| András Székely András Székely András Székely was an Hungarian swimmer who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In the 1932 Olympics he won a bronze medal in the 4×200 m freestyle relay event. He also was fifth in his semifinal of 100 m freestyle event and did not advance.Székely died in a Nazi forced labor... |
1909–1943, | Hungarian | swimmer, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay) | |
| Lejzor Ilja Szrajbman | 1907–1943, Majdanek concentration camp | Polish | swimmer, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay | |
| Karel Treybal Karel Treybal Karel Treybal was a prominent Czech chess player of the early twentieth century.Treybal was born in Kotopeky, a village to the southwest of Prague in central Bohemia. He trained as a lawyer and became chairman of the district court in Velvary, a small town on the opposite side of Prague... |
1885–1941, executed, Prague Prague Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million... |
Czech | chess player; chess Olympian | |
| Johann Trollmann | 1907–1943, Neuengamme | German | boxer; German national champion | |
| Heinrich Wolf Heinrich Wolf Heinrich Wolf was an Austrian chess master.-Biography:In 1899, he tied for 5-7th in Vienna . In 1900 he tied for 7-10th in Munich... |
1875–1943, Vienna Vienna Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre... |
Austrian | chess player |
Politics, resistance
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edgar André Edgar André Edgar Josef André, or Etkar Josef André was a politician in the Communist Party of Germany and an antifascist.-Early years:... |
1894–1936, executed, Hamburg | German | Communist | |
| Friedrich Aue Friedrich Aue Friedrich Aue was a resistance fighter against the regime of Nazi Germany.Aue was a locksmith from Dodendorf , Prussian Saxony. In 1925 he joined the Communist Party of Germany . After Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933, Aue became involved in the resistance to Nazi rule. In February 1944, he was... |
1896–1944, executed, Brandenburg | German | Communist | |
| Olga Benário Prestes Olga Benário Prestes Olga Benário Prestes was a German-Brazilian communist militant.She was born in Munich as Olga Gutmann Benário, to a Jewish family. Her father, Leo Benário, was a Social-Democrat lawyer, and her mother, Eugenie , was a member of Bavarian high-society... |
1908–1942, Ravensbrück | German-Brazilian | Communist | |
| Judith Auer Judith Auer Judith Auer was a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime in Germany.-Early life:... |
1905–1944, executed, Berlin | German | resistance fighter | |
| Bernhard Bästlein Bernhard Bästlein Bernhard Bästlein was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. He was imprisoned very shortly after the Nazis seized power in 1933 and was imprisoned almost without interruption until his execution in 1944, by the Nazis... |
1894–1944, executed, Brandenburg | German | Communist | |
| Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff | d. 1945, murdered in custody, Berlin | German | diplomat | |
| Cato Bontjes van Beek Cato Bontjes van Beek Cato Bontjes van Beek was a German member of the resistance against the Nazi regime.- Early years :... |
1920–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | resistance fighter | |
| Rudolf Breitscheid Rudolf Breitscheid Rudolf Breitscheid, was a leading member of the Social Democratic Party and a delegate to the Reichstag during the era of the Weimar Republic in Germany.... |
1874–1944, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
German | Social democrat | |
| Hans Coppi Hans Coppi Hans Coppi was a German Red Orchestra resistance fighter against the Third Reich.- Life before World War II :... |
1916–1942, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | resistance fighter | |
| Hilde Coppi Hilde Coppi Hilde Coppi was a German resistance fighter against the Third Reich. Together with her husband Hans Coppi, she belonged to the Red Orchestra .- Life :... |
1909–1943, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | resistance fighter | |
| Tone Čufar Tone Cufar Tone Čufar was a Slovene writer, a playwright and a poet.- Biography :Tone Čufar was born in Jesenice as the third son of a factory carpenter. Because of his poor health his parents sent him to work as a shepherd with his uncle in Bohinjska Bela... |
1905–1942, shot during an escape attempt | Slovenian | resistance fighter | |
| Otto Eggerstedt | d. 1933, Esterwegen | German | Social democrat | |
| Fritz Elsas | d. 1945, Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen concentration camp Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD... |
German | politician | |
| Georg Elser Georg Elser Johann Georg Elser was a German opponent of Nazism. He is most remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but he also wanted to assassinate Hermann Göring and Joseph Goebbels in 1939.... |
1903–1945, executed, Dachau | German | manual labourer, Rotfront-Kämpfer | |
| Yitzhak Gitterman Yitzhak Gitterman Yitzhak Gitterman was a director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Poland, and a member of the underground Jewish Combat Organization.... |
1889–1943, fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Warsaw Ghetto Uprising The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was the Jewish resistance that arose within the Warsaw Ghetto in German occupied Poland during World War II, and which opposed Nazi Germany's effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to Treblinka extermination camp.... |
Polish | Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914 and is active in more than 70 countries.... |
|
| Carl Friedrich Goerdeler Carl Friedrich Goerdeler Carl Friedrich Goerdeler was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant and opponent of the Nazi regime... |
1884–1945, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist | |
| Herschel Grynszpan Herschel Grynszpan Herschel Feibel Grynszpan was a Polish Jew and political assassin. Grynszpan's assassination of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on November 7, 1938, after the deportation of his family, provided the excuse for the Nazi Kristallnacht, the antisemitic pogrom of November 9–10, 1938... |
1921–1943/1945, location and date of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit | German | assassin | |
| Max Habermann | d. 1944, prison in Gifhorn Gifhorn Gifhorn is a town and capital of the district Gifhorn in the east of Lower Saxony, Germany. It has a population of about 42,000 and is mainly influenced by the small distance to the industrial and commercially important cities nearby, Brunswick and Wolfsburg... |
German | trade unionist | |
| Albrecht Haushofer Albrecht Haushofer Albrecht Georg Haushofer was a German geographer, diplomat and author.Albrecht Haushofer's father was the retired General and geographer Karl Haushofer . His mother Martha . Albrecht had one brother, Heinz.Albrecht studied geography and history at Munich University... |
1903–1945, executed, Berlin-Moabit | German | diplomat, writer | |
| Rudolf Henning | d. 1944, executed, Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen concentration camp Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD... |
German | ||
| Rudolf Hilferding Rudolf Hilferding Rudolf Hilferding was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, leading socialist theorist, politician and chief theoretician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany during the Weimar Republic, almost universally recognized as the SPD's foremost theoretician of his century, and a... |
1877–1941, in Gestapo custody, Paris | German | Social democrat | |
| Otto Hirsch Otto Hirsch Otto Hirsch was a Jewish jurist and politician during the Weimar Republic. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany and died in Mauthausen concentration camp.- Biographical details :... |
d. 1941, Mauthausen concentration camp | German | Representation of German Jews | |
| Camill Hoffmann Camill Hoffmann Camill Hoffmann was a Jewish Czechoslovak diplomat and writer born in 1878.An ardent Czechoslovak nationalist, Hoffmann was appointed to the diplomatic corps as a cultural attache in Berlin... |
d. 1944, Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp Concentration camp Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II... |
German | diplomat, writer | |
| Martin Hoop Martin Hoop Martin Hoop was a district leader in the Communist Party of Germany in Saxony and a supporter of the Weimar Republic presidential candidate Ernst Thälmann.-Life:Hoop was born in Lägerdorf northwest of Hamburg... |
1892–1933, Zwickau Zwickau Zwickau in Germany, former seat of the government of the south-western region of the Free State of Saxony, belongs to an industrial and economical core region. Nowadays it is the capital city of the district of Zwickau... |
German | Communist, District Leader KPD, Saxony | |
| Franz Jacob Franz Jacob Franz Jacob is an Austrian bobsledder who competed in the mid 1970s. He won the bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1975 FIBT World Championships in Cervinia.-References:*... |
d. 1944, executed, Brandenburg | German | Communist | |
| Walter Krämer | d. 1941, "shot while trying to escape", KZ Goslar | German | Communist | |
| Marian Kudera | d. 1944, executed, Dachau | German | resistance fighter | |
| Albert Kuntz | d. 1945, posterior to torture Nordhausen Nordhausen Nordhausen is a town at the southern edge of the Harz Mountains, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Nordhausen... |
German | Communist | |
| Ludwig Landmann Ludwig Landmann Dr. Ludwig Landmann was a liberal German politician of the Weimar Republic... |
1868-5 March 1945, starved to death in hiding place | German | DDP Politician, Mayor of Frankfurt am Main | |
| Julius Leber Julius Leber Julius Leber was a German politician of the SPD and a member of the German Resistance against the Nazi régime.-Early life:... |
1891–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | Socialist | |
| Wilhelm Leuschner Wilhelm Leuschner Wilhelm Leuschner was a social-democratic politician who opposed the Third Reich.... |
1890–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | Politician | |
| Marinus van der Lubbe Marinus van der Lubbe Marinus van der Lubbe was a Dutch council communist convicted of, and controversially executed for, setting fire to the German Reichstag building on February 27, 1933, an event known as the Reichstag fire. .... |
1909–1934, Leipzig | Dutch | arsonist | |
| August Lütgens | d. 1933, executed, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | |
| Rosa Manus | d. 1943, Ravensbrück Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück was a notorious women's concentration camp during World War II, located in northern Germany, 90 km north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück .... |
German | Women's rights advocate | |
| Walter Möller | d. 1933, executed, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | |
| Ottilie Pohl | d. 1942, Theresienstadt Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt concentration camp was a Nazi German ghetto during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín , located in what is now the Czech Republic.-History:The fortress of Terezín was constructed between the years 1780 and 1790 by the orders... |
German | resistance fighter | |
| Fritz Pröll Fritz Pröll Fritz Pröll was a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Life:... |
1915–1944, suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen | German | resistance fighter | |
| Anton Saefkow Anton Saefkow Anton Emil Hermann Saefkow was a German Communist and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Early life:... |
1903–1944, executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg | German | Communist, resistance fighter | |
| Ernst Schneller | d. 1944, executed, Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen concentration camp Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD... |
German | KPD Politician | |
| Werner Scholem Werner Scholem Werner Scholem was a member of the German Reichstag in 1924-1928 and a leading member of the Communist Party of Germany.-Biography:Scholem was the son of a print shop owner... |
d. 1940, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
German | Communist | |
| Hans Scholl Hans Scholl Hans Fritz Scholl was a founding member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany.-Biography:... |
1918–1943, executed, Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... –Stadelheim Prison Stadelheim Prison Stadelheim Prison, in Munich's Giesing district, is one of the largest prisons in Germany.Founded in 1894 it was the site of many executions, particularly by guillotine during the Nazi period.-Notable inmates:... |
German | resistance fighter, medical student | |
| Sophie Scholl Sophie Scholl Sophia Magdalena Scholl was a German student, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having been found distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of Munich with her brother Hans... |
1921–1943, executed, Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... –Stadelheim Prison Stadelheim Prison Stadelheim Prison, in Munich's Giesing district, is one of the largest prisons in Germany.Founded in 1894 it was the site of many executions, particularly by guillotine during the Nazi period.-Notable inmates:... |
German | resistance fighter, student | |
| Slavko Šlander Slavko Šlander Slavko Šlander - Aleš was a Slovene communist, partisan and national hero. He was born in Dolenja vas near Žalec, Slovenia. Due to being executed by shooting in Maribor as a hostage during the World War II he was proclaimed the National Hero of Yugoslavia on October 25, 1943... |
1909–1941, executed | Slovenian | resistance fighter | |
| Bruno Tesch Bruno Tesch (antifascist) Bruno Guido Camillo Tesch was a German antifascist and member of the Young Communist League of Germany. Aged 20, he was convicted of murder and executed in connection with the Altona Bloody Sunday riot, an SA march on 17 July 1932 that turned violent and led to 18 people being shot and killed... |
1913–1933, executed, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | |
| Ernst Thälmann Ernst Thälmann Ernst Thälmann was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany during much of the Weimar Republic. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1933 and held in solitary confinement for eleven years, before being shot in Buchenwald on Adolf Hitler's orders in 1944... |
1886–1944, executed, Buchenwald Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.Camp prisoners from all over Europe and Russia—Jews, non-Jewish Poles and Slovenes,... |
German | KPD Politician | |
| Mathias Thesen | d. 1944, executed, Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen concentration camp Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD... |
German | ||
| Adam von Trott zu Solz Adam von Trott zu Solz Adam von Trott zu Solz was a German lawyer and diplomat who was involved in the conservative opposition to the Nazi regime, and who played a central part in the 20 July Plot... |
d. 1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | diplomat | |
| Karl Wolff | died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | |
| Richard Schmitz Richard Schmitz Richard Schmitz was the last Social-Christian mayor of Vienna, Austria.Richard Schmitz served as Vice Chancellor of Austria, as well as its Minister of Social Welfare and of Education, and as Commissioner of Vienna... |
1885-1938 survived Dachau | Austrian | mayor of Vienna Vienna Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre... |
|
| Georges Mandel Georges Mandel Georges Mandel was a French politician, journalist, and French Resistance leader.-Biography:Born Louis George Rothschild in Chatou, Yvelines, was the son of a tailor... |
1885–1944, murdered in the Forest of Fontainebleau Fontainebleau Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the arrondissement of Fontainebleau... |
French | politician, resistance leader | |
| Victor Basch Victor Basch Basch Viktor Vilém, or Victor-Guillaume Basch was a French politician and professor of germanistics and philosophy at the Sorbonne descending vom Hungary... |
1877–1945, assassinated by the Vichy French Milice Milice The Milice française , generally called simply Milice, was a paramilitary force created on January 30, 1943 by the Vichy Regime, with German aid, to help fight the French Resistance. The Milice's formal leader was Prime Minister Pierre Laval, though its chief of operations, and actual leader, was... |
French | esthetician, politician | |
| Jenő Deutsch | 1879–1944 | Hungarian | social democratic Social democracy Social democracy is a political ideology of the center-left on the political spectrum. Social democracy is officially a form of evolutionary reformist socialism. It supports class collaboration as the course to achieve socialism... politician http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/eletrajz/html/ABC03014/03296.htm |
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| Kazimierz Bartel Kazimierz Bartel Kazimierz Władysław Bartel was a Polish mathematician and politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland three times between 1926 and 1930.... |
1882–1941, executed | Polish | Prime Minister of Poland 1926-1930 | |
| Stefan Rowecki Stefan Rowecki Stefan Paweł Rowecki was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa. He was murdered by the Gestapo in prison, probably on the direct order of Heinrich Himmler.-Life:Rowecki was born in Piotrków Trybunalski... |
1895–1944, executed in Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most... |
Polish | general, journalist, leader of the Armia Krajowa Armia Krajowa The Armia Krajowa , or Home Army, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces... |
|
| Stefan Starzyński Stefan Starzynski Stefan Starzyński was a Polish politician, economist, writer and statesman, President of Warsaw before and during the Siege of Warsaw in 1939.-Soldier:Starzyński was born on August 19, 1893 in Warsaw... |
1893–1943, fate unknown, possibly died in Dachau | Polish | politician, economist, writer, statesman | |
Military
| Name | | Lifespan | | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erich Fellgiebel Erich Fellgiebel Fritz Erich Fellgiebel was a career German Army officer and a "July 20th" conspirator in the plot to assassinate Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.-Military career:... |
1886–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich | |
| Ludwig Beck Ludwig Beck Generaloberst Ludwig August Theodor Beck was a German general and Chief of the German General Staff during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II.... |
1880–1944, executed, Berlin | German | General, Putschist | |
| Werner von Haeften Werner von Haeften - See also :* German Resistance* List of members of the July 20 plot... |
1908–1944, executed, Berlin | German | jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg commonly referred to as Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg was a German army officer and Catholic aristocrat who was one of the leading members of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler and remove the Nazi Party from... |
|
| Erich Hoepner Erich Hoepner Erich Hoepner was a German general in World War II. A successful panzer leader, Hoepner was executed after the failed 20 July Plot in 1944.- Life :Hoepner was born in Frankfurt an der Oder, Brandenburg... |
1886–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg | |
| Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim was a German officer and a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany involved in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler.-Biography:... |
1905–1944, executed, Berlin | German | Colonel, Putschist | |
| Friedrich Olbricht Friedrich Olbricht General Friedrich Olbricht was a German general and one of the plotters involved in the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolfsschanze in East Prussia on 20 July 1944.-Early life:... |
1888–1944, executed, Berlin | German | General, Putschist | |
| Hans Oster Hans Oster Hans Oster was a German Army general, deputy head of the Abwehr under Wilhelm Canaris, and an opponent of Adolf Hitler and Nazism. He was a leading figure of the German resistance from 1938 to 1943.-Early career:... |
1887–1945, executed, Flossenbürg Flossenbürg concentration camp Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Czechoslovakia. Until its liberation in April 1945, more than 96,000 prisoners... |
German | Chief of staff | |
| Maurice Rose Maurice Rose General Maurice Rose was a United States Army general during World War II and World War I veteran. The son and grandson of rabbis, General Rose was at the time the highest ranking Jew in the U.S. Army... |
1899–1945, killed after being taken POW | American | Commander US 3rd Armored Division | |
| Harro Schulze-Boysen Harro Schulze-Boysen Heinz Harro Max Wilhelm Georg Schulze-Boysen was a German officer, commentator, and German Resistance fighter against German dictator Adolf Hitler's Nazi régime.- Early life :... |
1909–1942, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | officer, publicist | |
| Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg commonly referred to as Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg was a German army officer and Catholic aristocrat who was one of the leading members of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler and remove the Nazi Party from... |
1907–1944, executed, Berlin | German | Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist | |
| Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel | 1886–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | military commander in occupied France | |
| Henning von Tresckow Henning von Tresckow Generalmajor Herrmann Karl Robert "Henning" von Tresckow was a Major General in the German Wehrmacht who organized German resistance against Adolf Hitler. He attempted to assassinate Hitler in March 1943 and drafted the Valkyrie plan for a coup against the German government... |
1901–1944, suicide, near Ostrov, Russia | German | Major General, Putschist | |
| Erwin von Witzleben Erwin von Witzleben Job-Wilhelm Georg Erdmann Erwin von Witzleben was a German army officer and in the Second World War an Army commander and a conspirator in the July 20 Plot.-Early years:... |
1881–1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Plötzensee Prison Plötzensee Prison was a Prussian institution built in Berlin between 1869 and 1879 near the lake Plötzensee, but in the neighbouring borough of Charlottenburg, on Hüttigpfad off Saatwinkler Damm. During Adolf Hitler's time in power from 1933 to 1945, more than 2,500 people were executed at... |
German | retired Field Marshal | |
| Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris was a German admiral, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944 and member of the German Resistance.- Early life and World War I :... |
1887–1945, executed, Flossenbürg Flossenbürg concentration camp Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Czechoslovakia. Until its liberation in April 1945, more than 96,000 prisoners... |
German | military information service | |
| Erwin Rommel Erwin Rommel Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel , popularly known as the Desert Fox , was a German Field Marshal of World War II. He won the respect of both his own troops and the enemies he fought.... |
1891–1944, forced suicide | German | Army(Wehrmacht), Field Marshal | |
| Dmitry Karbyshev Dmitry Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhaylovich Karbyshev was a Red Army general and Hero of the Soviet Union .-Early years:... |
1880–1945, executed, Mauthausen | Russian | Army(RKKA), engineer commander | |
| Dimitri Zouralis | d. 1941, executed | Greek | Army(Greek), Commander | |
| Rudolf Viest Rudolf Viest Rudolf Viest , was Czechoslovakian division general of Slovakian ethnicity, commander of the partisan army during the Slovak National Uprising and the only Slovak general during the interwar period in the first Czechoslovak republic.In the years 1920-1939 he was... |
1890–1945, executed, Flossenbürg Flossenbürg concentration camp Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Czechoslovakia. Until its liberation in April 1945, more than 96,000 prisoners... |
Slovak | Division General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising Slovak National Uprising The Slovak National Uprising or 1944 Uprising was an armed insurrection organized by the Slovak resistance movement during World War II. It was launched on August 29 1944 from Banská Bystrica in an attempt to overthrow the collaborationist Slovak State of Jozef Tiso... |
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| Ján Golian Ján Golian Ján Golian was a Slovak Brigadier General who became famous as one of the main organizers and the commander of the insurrectionist 1st Czecho-Slovak Army in Slovakia during the Slovak National Uprising against the Nazis... |
1906–1945, executed, Flossenbürg Flossenbürg concentration camp Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenbürg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the border with Czechoslovakia. Until its liberation in April 1945, more than 96,000 prisoners... |
Slovak | Brigadier General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising Slovak National Uprising The Slovak National Uprising or 1944 Uprising was an armed insurrection organized by the Slovak resistance movement during World War II. It was launched on August 29 1944 from Banská Bystrica in an attempt to overthrow the collaborationist Slovak State of Jozef Tiso... |
See also
- List of Holocaust survivors
- List of banned authors during the Third Reich
- List of inmates and victims of Auschwitz