List of ancient tribes in Illyria
Encyclopedia
This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria
(Ancient Greek
: ). The name Illyrians
seems to be the name of one Illyrian tribe, which was the first to come in contact with the ancient Greeks, causing the name Illyrians to be applied to all people of similar language and customs. The locations of Illyrian tribes/peoples prior to Roman conquest are approximate as sometimes many wholly different locations are given by ancient writers and modern authors (as in the case of the Encheleans).
After the Great Illyrian Revolt
the Romans deported, split, and resettled Illyrian tribes within Illyria
itself and to Dacia
, causing sometimes whole tribes to vanish and new ones to be formed from their remains, such as the Deraemestae and the Docleatae some of them mixed with Celt
ic ones (see Celticization
). Many tribal names are known from Roman civitates and the number of their decuriae
, formed of the dispersed tribes in Illyria.
: Ἀλβανοί) was an Illyrian tribe whose first historical account, in a work of Ptolemy
, places them in modern north-central Albania), in 150 AD in ancient Roman Macedon
specifically in Epirus Nova. This places them almost 300 years after the Roman conquest of the region, in the Roman province of Macedon. Albanopolis
of the Albani is a place located on the map of Ptolemy and also named on an ancient family epitaph at Scupi
(near modern Skopje
), which has been identified with the Zgardhesh hill-fort near Kruja in northern Albania. Arbanon is likely to be the name of a district – the plain of the Mat has been suggested – rather than a particular place. An indication of movement from higher altitudes in a much earlier period has been detected in the distribution of place names ending in -esh, that appears to derive from the Latin -ensis (Vulgar Latin
-ēsis), between the Shkumbin
and the Mat
rivers, with a concentration between Elbasan
and Kruja. It is not certain if the ancient city corresponds with later mentions of it.
Ἀρδιαῖοι or Οὐαρδαῖοι; Latin
Vardiaei), was an Illyrian tribe, residing inland, that eventually settled on the Adriatic coast. Polybius
(203 BC–120 BC) writes that they were subdued by the Romans at events that occurred at 229 BC. Appian (95–165) writes that they were destroyed by the Autariatae and that in contrast to the Autariatae had maritime power. In the Epitome of Livy
they are said to have been subdued by the consul Fulvius Flaccus.
They were located in present day Montenegro
, most likely around the gulf of Rhizon, although Strabo places them in the right bank of the Neretva
. Their initial inland residence was located along the Naro River
up to the Konjic region
, in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina
.
Because they pestered the sea through their piratical bands, the Romans campaigned against them in the events of the Illyrian Wars
. They drunk heavily and were seen as such by the Greeks
.
The Ardiaei were enemies of the Autariatae
for a long time over salt source.
The Ardiaei had briefly attained military might, during 230 BC under the reign of king Agron
, (an Ardiaean by tribal origin). His widow, Queen Teuta attempted to gain a foothold in the Adriatic but failed due to Roman intervention. Historic accounts hold that King Agron was hired by king Demetrius of Macedonia repel the invasion of Macedonia by the invading Aetolians. The Ardiaei had 20 decuriae.
The ancient geographer, Strabo, lists the Ardiaei as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples – the other two being the Autariatae and the Dardani.Strabo
writes;
King Agron, son of Pleuratus who belonged to the ruling house of the Ardiaei, disposed of the most powerful force, both by land and sea, of any of the kings which had reigned in Illyria before him.
Αὐταριάται) was an Illyrian tribe that became prominent between the 6th and 4th centuries BC.The tribe had been Celticized.
Βυλλίονες) was an Illyrian tribe They were affected by a partial cultural Hellenisation.
Δερρίοπες) was an Illyrian tribe tribe in Narona conventus with 14 decuriae.
. They are mentioned rarely by ancient writers.
Χελιδόνες) was an Illyrian tribe whose name in Greek meant 'snail
-men'.
Δαόριζοι, Δαούρσιοι) was an Illyrian tribe. Another name of the tribe was Daversi. The Daorsi had suffered attacks from the Delmatae that made them along with Issa
seek the aid of the Roman
state. The Daorsi fought on the side of the Romans providing them with their strong navy abandoning Caravantius
. After the Illyrian Wars
the Daorsi were given immunity. Their most important city was Daorson
.They had 17 decuriae.
Δασσαρῆται) was an Illyrian tribe.They were located between the Dardani
and the Ardiaei.
Appian of Alexandria wrote in his Illyrian wars that according to the Ancient Greeks, Illyrius
, the ancestor of the Illyrians, had a daughter, Dassaro, from whom sprang the Dassareti.
Δερβανοί was an Illyrian tribe. Other possible names are Derrioi and Derbanoi. The Deuri had 25 decuriae.
Δυέσται) was an Illyrian tribe located around the silver mines of Damastion
. Only Strabo passingly mentions this tribe.
Κινάμβροι) was an Illyrian tribe.They surrendered to Octavian in 33 BC.
Ἐγχελεῖς, Σεσαρηθίους (accusative of *Σεσαρήθιοι)) were an Illyrian tribe. Their name, given by the Greeks, meant "eel-men". In Greek mythology
, Cadmus
and Harmonia
ruled over them. Several locations are hypothesized for the Encheleans: around Lake Ohrid
; above Lake Ohrid, north of the Taulantii
, which is the most probable; a location after Rhizon; near the Gulf of Kotor
.
Μελκομένιοι) was an Illyrian tribe. The Melcumani had 24 decuriae.
Ναρήνσιοι) or Naresioi or Naresii (Greek
Ναρήσιοι) was the name of a newly formed Illyrian tribe from various peoples at the river Naron.The Narensi had 102 decuriae.
: Πενέσται) was the name of an Illyrian tribe. Their chief town was Uscana
.
. Sardeates were later settled in Dacia
. The Sardeates had 52 decuriae.
.
were an ancient Illyrian tribe. They were later Celticized. The Delmatae had 342 decuriae.
along with Pirustae and Sardeates.The Baridustae was a Dalmatian tribe.
: Δοκλεάται) were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is now Montenegro
. Their capital was Doclea
(or Dioclea), and they are called after the town. They had settle west of the Morača river, up to Montenegro's present-day borders with Herzegovina
. The Docleatae were prominent for their cheese, which was exported to various Roman provinces within the Roman Empire
. They were composed of parts of the Taulantii ,the Pleraei or Pyraei, Endirudini, Sasaei, Grabaei, Labeatae that came together after the Great Illyrian revolt
.The Docleatae had 33 decuriae.
: Παλάριοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe.
: Ιντερφρουρῖνοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe that became part of the Docleatae. They were located on the east of lake Scodra at Enderon near Niksic.
: Καμβαῖοι) were a minor Illyrian group that lived around Lake Scutari
.
: Λαβεάται) was an Illyrian tribe that lived (after being defeated by Parmenio) around Scodra.
, Partheni, Hemasini, Arthitae and Armistae. The Deramestae had 30 decuriae.
: Ὀξυαῖοι) was the name of one of the tribes composing the Deramestae.
: Ἱππασῖνοι) was the name of one of the tribes composing the Deramestae.
Ταυλάντιοι) was the name of a cluster of Illyrian tribes. According to Greek mythology
Taulas
(Tαύλας), one of the six sons of Illyrius
, was the eponymous ancestor of the Taulanti. They lived on the Adriatic coast of Illyria
(modern Albania
), between to the vicinity of the city of Epidamnus (modern Durrës
). This tribe played an important role in Illyrian history of the 4th-3rd centuries BC,when King Glaukias (335 BC- 302 BC) ruled over them. This tribe had become bilingual being under the effects of an early Hellenisation. Taulantii could prepare mead, wine from honey like the Abri.
See also: king Galaurus
, a wine from honey and were known to the Greeks for that method. They were Taulantii and effected by Hellenisation.
Παρθῖνοι, Παρθηνοί) were Illyrians , part of the Taulantii who may be placed to the north in the mountainous neighborhood of Epidamnus, and thus, next to the Taulantii. After the death of Philip
, king of Macedon
, they appear to have been added to the dominions of Pleuratus
, an Illyrian prince allied to the Romans. Their principal town was Parthus
which was taken by Caesar
in the course of his campaign with Pompeius
. The double-hilled Dimale
, the strongest among the Illyrian places, with two citadels on two heights, connected by a wall, was within their territory. There is no indication, however, of its precise situation, which was probably between Lissus and Epidamnus. Livy
(59 BC – 17 AD), mentions two other fortesses: Eugenium and Bargulum. They had been effected by Hellenisation.
, who inhabited the southern part of what was later known as Roman province of Pannonia
, south of the river Drava
, and the northern part of the future Roman province of Dalmatia
. The Pannonian tribes appear to have been Celticized. Later a number of Pannonians settled in Dacia
.
In the 2nd century BC, the Segestani, one of the Pannonian tribes inhabiting the area around Segestica (modern Sisak
in Croatia
), were attacked without lasting success by consuls
Lucius Aurelius Cotta and an unidentified Cornelius
. In 35 BC, the Segestani were attacked by Augustus
, who conquered and occupied Siscia (Sisak). The rest of the Pannonians were not, however, definitely subdued until 9 BC, when their lands were incorporated into the province of Illyricum
after the Great Illyrian Revolt
, conducted by the future emperor Tiberius
.
In AD 6, the Pannonians, together with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, revolted, and were overcome by Tiberius
and Germanicus
, after a hard-fought campaign which lasted for three years. Leaders of the Great Illyrian Revolt
were Bato
of the Breuci tribe and Pinnes from Pannonia and another Baton of the Daesitiates from Dalmatia
. After the rebellion was crushed in 9 AD, the province of Illyricum
was dissolved, and its lands were divided between the new provinces of Pannonia in the north and Dalmatia in the south. The date of the division is unknown, most certainly after 20 AD but before 50 AD.
The Pannonian tribes (Greek
Παννόνιοι) inhabited the area between the river Drava and the Dalmatian coast. Early archaeology and onomastics shows that they were culturally different from southern Illyrians, Iapodes, and La Tene peoples commonly known as the Celts though they were later Celticized. However, there are some cultural similarities between the Pannonians and Dalmatians. Many of the Pannonians lived in areas with rich iron ore deposits, so that iron mining and production was an important part of their economy before and after the Roman conquest. The Pannonians did not have settlements of importance in pre-Roman times, apart from Segestica that was actually Celt
ic. Ancient sources (Strabo
, Pliny the Elder
, Appian of Alexandria) mention few of the Pannonian tribes by name, and historians and archaeologists located some of them. Those tribes were;
Ἄμαντες) was the name of an Pannonian Illyrian tribe. They greatly resisted the Romans
but were sold as slaves after their defeat. The Amantini were close to Sirmium
but the tribe was probably present in southern areas as well due to the existence of a city name Amantia
. This would make the south Amantini the southernmost Illyrian tribe.
Βρεῦκοι) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians. They greatly resisted the Romans
but were sold as slaves after their defeat. They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule. It is likely that the name of the north-eastern Bosnian city Brčko
is derived from the name of this tribe
. A number of Breuci settled in Dacia
.
and the Celtic Varciani.
during the time of the Roman Republic
. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates belonged to the Pannonians. They were prominent from the end of the 4th century BC up until the beginning of the 3rd century AD. Evidence of their daily activities can be found in literary sources, as well as in the rich material finds that belong to the autochthonous Middle-Bosnian cultural group. Because the Daesitiates were present during Roman rule in the western Balkans, their name can be found in many inscriptions and historical works of ancient writers. During the 19th century, scientific interest in the Daesitiates materialized whereby research was focused in parts of Upper Bosnia. However, all research efforts have yet to provide a complete analysis of the Daesitiates. The Daesitiates were unquestionably one of the main components of the Illyrian ethno-cultural complex that stretched from the southern Adriatic to the Danube
in the north. They specifically lived in the centre of the Illyrian West-Balkan and Pannonian world.
After nearly three centuries of political independence, the Daesitiates (and their polity) were conquered by Roman Emperor Augustus
. Afterwards, the Daesitiates were incorporated into the province of Illyricum
with a low total of 103 decuriae.
Ultimately, the widening gap between the Roman government and its subjects in Illyricum led to the Great Illyrian revolt
that began in the spring of 6 AD. The Daesitiates were the first to revolt under the leadership of Bato I
and were soon joined by the Breuci. Other natives were recruited to fight against the Marcomanni
while the
rebellion swiftly overtook enormous areas of the western Balkans and the Danube region.
The role of the Daesitiates in the rebellion was immense, which contributed to their ultimate disappearance.
Πειροῦσται or Πυρισσαῖοι) were an Pannonian Illyrian tribe that lived in modern Montenegro
. According to some sources, they had also lived in territories outside modern-day Montenegro, but, the majority of archaeologists, including famous British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans
, the Pirustae had lived in northern Montenegro, around present-day Pljevlja
and that they were prominent miners. Their prominence in mining has been seen in epigraphic monuments from Dacia
's mining regions. Pirustae along with other Pannonians and Illyrians
like the Sardeates were later settled in Dacia
(modern-day Romania).
Γλιντιδίωνες) were an Illyrian tribe. Glintidiones may have been part of the Pirustae. The Glintidiones had 44 decuriae.
Κεραύνιοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe.They lived close to the Pirustae in modern Montenegro
.Ceraunii were part of the Pirustae. They had 24 decuriae.
Σεγεστανοί) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians.
Μαζαῖοι) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians. The Maizaioi had 269 decuriae.
Ἀνδιζήτιοι) were a small Illyrian tribe that lived in the territory of present day Bosnia and Herzegovina
. Not much is known about this tribe except that it is found on the list of Illyrian tribes made by ancient Romans, against whom the Illyrians put up a heroic resistance, perhaps best portrayed during the Great Illyrian Revolt
for freedom-the legendary Baton
's uprising.The personal name of Andes
, popular among the Illyrians of southern Pannonia
and much of northern Dalmatia
(corresponding roughly with modern Bosnia and Herzegovina), as it seems, derived from the name of this tribe. Another variant of this widespread personal Illyrian name is Andis
. They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule. They were Pannonians.
: Ἄζαλοι) was the name of an Illyria
n tribe.After the Great Illyrian Revolt
the Azali were deported by the Romans. They were Pannonians.
: Διτίωνες) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians. The Ditiones had 239 decuriae.
(Latin Oseriates) The Osseriates along with the Celtic Varciani and the Colapiani were created from the Pannonian Breuci.
(23–79 AD) in his Natural History
. They later formed the Docleatae. They were the Taulantii
, the Pleraei or Pyraei, the Endirudini, Sasaei, Grabaei, Labeatae. Illyrians proper were also some of the native communities of Roman Dalmatia.
. Appian (95 – 165 AD) mentions them close to Epidamnus. During the Illyrian Wars
, the Atintani went over to the Romans and according to Appian, Demetrius of Pharos
tried to detach them from Roman authority. The Atintani seem to have originated from the obscure, perhaps Thracian Tynteni
, only attested in coins. The Atintani were ruled by the Thracian dynasty of the Peresadyes
.
were recorded by name or as separate ethnic group and as early as the 6th century BC Hecateus noted that the Liburnians were composed of also Caulici, Mentores, Syopii and Hythmitae, probably narrow tribal communities. Later, in the 3rd century BC, Callimachus
mentioned Mentores, Hymanes, Enchealae and Peucetias as those who once had been a part of them, Ismeni were also recorded as one of their communities.
. They could have Illyrian origins or some sort of link with Illyria
.
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
(Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
: ). The name Illyrians
Illyrians
The Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula...
seems to be the name of one Illyrian tribe, which was the first to come in contact with the ancient Greeks, causing the name Illyrians to be applied to all people of similar language and customs. The locations of Illyrian tribes/peoples prior to Roman conquest are approximate as sometimes many wholly different locations are given by ancient writers and modern authors (as in the case of the Encheleans).
After the Great Illyrian Revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
the Romans deported, split, and resettled Illyrian tribes within Illyria
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
itself and to Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
, causing sometimes whole tribes to vanish and new ones to be formed from their remains, such as the Deraemestae and the Docleatae some of them mixed with Celt
Celt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic ones (see Celticization
Celticization
Celticization is a supposed mechanism of the spread of the Celts and the Celtic languages in Iron Age Europe.During the first millennium BC, the early Celts expanded from a core territory in Central Europe to Iberia, the British Isles and later also the Balkans, and are assumed to have "Celticized"...
). Many tribal names are known from Roman civitates and the number of their decuriae
Decuriae
Decuriae was a Roman unit of measurement applied to civitas of native peoples. It had been mentioned by Pliny the Elder at 70 AD in his work, Natural History....
, formed of the dispersed tribes in Illyria.
Albani
Albani or Albanoi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Ἀλβανοί) was an Illyrian tribe whose first historical account, in a work of Ptolemy
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...
, places them in modern north-central Albania), in 150 AD in ancient Roman Macedon
Macedonia (Roman province)
The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon, the last Ancient King of Macedon in 148 BC, and after the four client republics established by Rome in the region were dissolved...
specifically in Epirus Nova. This places them almost 300 years after the Roman conquest of the region, in the Roman province of Macedon. Albanopolis
Albanopolis
Albanopolis was a city in ancient Roman Macedon specifically in Epirus Nova, the city of the Albanoi, an Illyrian tribe. The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World locate Albanopolis at the modern-day village of Zgërdhesh, near Krujë, Albania...
of the Albani is a place located on the map of Ptolemy and also named on an ancient family epitaph at Scupi
Scupi
Scupi is an archaeological site located between Zajčev Rid and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje, in the Republic of Macedonia. A Roman military camp was founded here in the second decade BC on the site of an older Dardanian settlement...
(near modern Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
), which has been identified with the Zgardhesh hill-fort near Kruja in northern Albania. Arbanon is likely to be the name of a district – the plain of the Mat has been suggested – rather than a particular place. An indication of movement from higher altitudes in a much earlier period has been detected in the distribution of place names ending in -esh, that appears to derive from the Latin -ensis (Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin is any of the nonstandard forms of Latin from which the Romance languages developed. Because of its nonstandard nature, it had no official orthography. All written works used Classical Latin, with very few exceptions...
-ēsis), between the Shkumbin
Shkumbin
Shkumbin is a river in central Albania, flowing into the Adriatic Sea. It is considered the dividing line for the two dialects of the Albanian language: Tosk and Gheg ....
and the Mat
Mat River
The Mat is a river in northern Albania. Its source is near Martanesh, in the Bulqizë District. It flows west towards the Mat District, which takes it name from the river, and northwest through the towns Klos and Burrel. About downstream from Burrel it flows into a large reservoir...
rivers, with a concentration between Elbasan
Elbasan
Elbasan is a city in central Albania. It is located on the Shkumbin River in the District of Elbasan and the County of Elbasan, at...
and Kruja. It is not certain if the ancient city corresponds with later mentions of it.
Ardiaei
Ardiaei or Ouardiaei (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ἀρδιαῖοι or Οὐαρδαῖοι; Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
Vardiaei), was an Illyrian tribe, residing inland, that eventually settled on the Adriatic coast. Polybius
Polybius
Polybius , Greek ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his work, The Histories, which covered the period of 220–146 BC in detail. The work describes in part the rise of the Roman Republic and its gradual domination over Greece...
(203 BC–120 BC) writes that they were subdued by the Romans at events that occurred at 229 BC. Appian (95–165) writes that they were destroyed by the Autariatae and that in contrast to the Autariatae had maritime power. In the Epitome of Livy
Livy
Titus Livius — known as Livy in English — was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, "Chapters from the Foundation of the City," covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome well before the traditional foundation in 753 BC...
they are said to have been subdued by the consul Fulvius Flaccus.
They were located in present day Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
, most likely around the gulf of Rhizon, although Strabo places them in the right bank of the Neretva
Neretva
Neretva is the largest river of the eastern part of the Adriatic basin. It has been harnessed and controlled to a large extent by four HE power-plants with large dams and their storage lakes, but it is still recognized for its natural beauty, diversity of its landscape and visual...
. Their initial inland residence was located along the Naro River
Neretva
Neretva is the largest river of the eastern part of the Adriatic basin. It has been harnessed and controlled to a large extent by four HE power-plants with large dams and their storage lakes, but it is still recognized for its natural beauty, diversity of its landscape and visual...
up to the Konjic region
Konjic
Konjic is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northern Herzegovina, around southwest of Sarajevo. It is a mountainous, heavily wooded area, and is above sea level. The municipality extends on both sides of the Neretva River. The town of Konjic, housed about a third...
, in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
.
Because they pestered the sea through their piratical bands, the Romans campaigned against them in the events of the Illyrian Wars
Illyrian Wars
Illyrian Wars were a set of conflicts of 229 BC, 219 BC and 168 BC when Rome overran the Illyrian settlements and suppressed the piracy that had made the Adriatic unsafe for Italian commerce. There were three campaigns, the first against Teuta, the second against Demetrius of Pharos and the third...
. They drunk heavily and were seen as such by the Greeks
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
.
The Ardiaei were enemies of the Autariatae
Autariatae
The Autariatae or Autariates were an ancient people that eventually became the most powerful Illyrian tribe. Their territory was called...
for a long time over salt source.
The Ardiaei had briefly attained military might, during 230 BC under the reign of king Agron
Agron (king)
Agron was the greatest king of the Ardiaean Kingdom. The son of Pleuratus, Agron brought about a great revival among the Illyrians; during his reign, the Ardiaean State was not only the most powerful Illyrian state of the time, but also one of the greatest in the Balkans. He succeeded in extending...
, (an Ardiaean by tribal origin). His widow, Queen Teuta attempted to gain a foothold in the Adriatic but failed due to Roman intervention. Historic accounts hold that King Agron was hired by king Demetrius of Macedonia repel the invasion of Macedonia by the invading Aetolians. The Ardiaei had 20 decuriae.
The ancient geographer, Strabo, lists the Ardiaei as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples – the other two being the Autariatae and the Dardani.Strabo
Strabo
Strabo, also written Strabon was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.-Life:Strabo was born to an affluent family from Amaseia in Pontus , a city which he said was situated the approximate equivalent of 75 km from the Black Sea...
writes;
"Because they pestered the sea through their piratical bands, the Romans pushed them back from it into the interior and forced them to till the soil. But the country is rough and poor and not suited to a farming population, and therefore the tribe has been utterly ruined and in fact has almost been obliterated. And this is what befell the rest of the peoples in that part of the world; for those who were most powerful in earlier times were utterly humbled or were obliterated, as, for example, among the Galatae the Boii and the Scordistae, and among the Illyrians the Autariatae, Ardiaei, and Dardanii, and among the Thracians the Triballi; that is, they were reduced in warfare by one another at first and then later by the Macedonians and the Romans"
King Agron, son of Pleuratus who belonged to the ruling house of the Ardiaei, disposed of the most powerful force, both by land and sea, of any of the kings which had reigned in Illyria before him.
Autariatae
Autariatae or Autariates (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Αὐταριάται) was an Illyrian tribe that became prominent between the 6th and 4th centuries BC.The tribe had been Celticized.
Bylliones
Bylliones (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Βυλλίονες) was an Illyrian tribe They were affected by a partial cultural Hellenisation.
Deretini
Deretini or Derriopes (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Δερρίοπες) was an Illyrian tribe tribe in Narona conventus with 14 decuriae.
Cavii
Cavii (Latin Cavi) was an Illyrian tribe. They lived close to lake Skodra. Their main settlement was EpicariaEpicaria
Epicaria or Durnium was a settlement in ancient Illyria, of the Illyrian tribe called the Cavii. It was close to Bassania....
. They are mentioned rarely by ancient writers.
Chelidones
Chelidones (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Χελιδόνες) was an Illyrian tribe whose name in Greek meant 'snail
Snail
Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...
-men'.
Daorsi
Daorsi or Duersi or Daorsii or Daorsei (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Δαόριζοι, Δαούρσιοι) was an Illyrian tribe. Another name of the tribe was Daversi. The Daorsi had suffered attacks from the Delmatae that made them along with Issa
Issa
Issa or ISSA may refer to:Issa*Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Somali scholar*Darrell Issa, a Californian Representative*List of The Belgariad and The Malloreon characters#Issa, a divine character in David Eddings's fantasy series The Belgariad and The Malloreon*Issa or Isa, the Arabic name for Jesus in...
seek the aid of the Roman
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
state. The Daorsi fought on the side of the Romans providing them with their strong navy abandoning Caravantius
Caravantius
Caravantius, an Illyrian, was half brother to Gentius. He fought with his brother against the Cavi....
. After the Illyrian Wars
Illyrian Wars
Illyrian Wars were a set of conflicts of 229 BC, 219 BC and 168 BC when Rome overran the Illyrian settlements and suppressed the piracy that had made the Adriatic unsafe for Italian commerce. There were three campaigns, the first against Teuta, the second against Demetrius of Pharos and the third...
the Daorsi were given immunity. Their most important city was Daorson
Daorson
Daorson was the capital of a Hellenised Illyrian tribe called the Daorsi . The Daorsi lived in the valley of the Neretva River between 300 BC and 50 BC...
.They had 17 decuriae.
Dassareti
Dassareti (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Δασσαρῆται) was an Illyrian tribe.They were located between the Dardani
Dardani
Dardania was the region of the Dardani .Located at the Thraco-Illyrian contact zone, their identification as either an Illyrian or Thracian tribe is uncertain. Their territory itself was not considered part of Illyria by Strabo. The term used for their territory was , while for other tribes had...
and the Ardiaei.
Appian of Alexandria wrote in his Illyrian wars that according to the Ancient Greeks, Illyrius
Illyrius
Illyrius is a name known in different stories found in ancient Greek mythology.-Cadmus and Harmonia:According to the Library and Epitome of Apollodorus, Illyrius was the youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the whole Illyrian people...
, the ancestor of the Illyrians, had a daughter, Dassaro, from whom sprang the Dassareti.
Deuri
Deuri (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Δερβανοί was an Illyrian tribe. Other possible names are Derrioi and Derbanoi. The Deuri had 25 decuriae.
Dyestes
Dyestes or Dyestae (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Δυέσται) was an Illyrian tribe located around the silver mines of Damastion
Damastion
Damastion was an ancient city in the area of central Balkans. Various sites in Serbia and Macedonia and Albania have been considered as the location of this ancient town....
. Only Strabo passingly mentions this tribe.
Kinambroi
Kinambroi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Κινάμβροι) was an Illyrian tribe.They surrendered to Octavian in 33 BC.
Enchelei
The Enchelei or Sesarethii (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ἐγχελεῖς, Σεσαρηθίους (accusative of *Σεσαρήθιοι)) were an Illyrian tribe. Their name, given by the Greeks, meant "eel-men". In Greek mythology
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece...
, Cadmus
Cadmus
Cadmus or Kadmos , in Greek mythology was a Phoenician prince, the son of king Agenor and queen Telephassa of Tyre and the brother of Phoenix, Cilix and Europa. He was originally sent by his royal parents to seek out and escort his sister Europa back to Tyre after she was abducted from the shores...
and Harmonia
Harmonia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Harmonia is the immortal goddess of harmony and concord. Her Roman counterpart is Concordia, and her Greek opposite is Eris, whose Roman counterpart is Discordia.-Origins:...
ruled over them. Several locations are hypothesized for the Encheleans: around Lake Ohrid
Lake Ohrid
Lake Ohrid straddles the mountainous border between the southwestern Macedonia and eastern Albania. It is one of Europe's deepest and oldest lakes, preserving a unique aquatic ecosystem with more than 200 endemic species that is of worldwide importance...
; above Lake Ohrid, north of the Taulantii
Taulantii
Taulantii was the name of a cluster of Illyrian tribes. According to Greek mythology Taulas , one of the six sons of Illyrius, was the eponymous ancestor of the Taulanti. They lived on the Adriatic coast of Illyria , between to the vicinity of the city of Epidamnus...
, which is the most probable; a location after Rhizon; near the Gulf of Kotor
Kotor
Kotor is a coastal city in Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality....
.
Melcumani
Melcumani or Merromenoi or Melkomenioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Μελκομένιοι) was an Illyrian tribe. The Melcumani had 24 decuriae.
Narensi
Narensi or Narensii or Narensioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ναρήνσιοι) or Naresioi or Naresii (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ναρήσιοι) was the name of a newly formed Illyrian tribe from various peoples at the river Naron.The Narensi had 102 decuriae.
Penestae
Penestae (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Πενέσται) was the name of an Illyrian tribe. Their chief town was Uscana
Uscana
Uscana or Hyscana was an ancient city of the Illyrian tribe Penestae.- See also :*List of ancient cities in Illyria...
.
Sardeates
Sardeates or Sardiotai (Latin Sardeates) was an Illyrian tribe close to JajceJajce
Jajce is a city and municipality located in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity...
. Sardeates were later settled in Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
. The Sardeates had 52 decuriae.
Selepitani
Selepitani (Latin Selepitani) was an Illyrian tribe located below the Lake ScutariLake Scutari
Lake Skadar, also called Lake Scutari and Lake Shkodër is a lake on the border of Montenegro with Albania, the largest lake in the Balkan Peninsula. It is named after the city of Shkodra in northern Albania .- Geography :...
.
Dalmatae
DalmataeDalmatae
The Dalmatae or Delmatae were an ancient people who inhabited the core of what would then become known as Dalmatia after the Roman conquest - now the eastern Adriatic coast in Croatia, between the rivers Krka and Neretva...
were an ancient Illyrian tribe. They were later Celticized. The Delmatae had 342 decuriae.
Baridustae
Baridustae were an Illyrian tribe that was later settled in DaciaDacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
along with Pirustae and Sardeates.The Baridustae was a Dalmatian tribe.
Docleatae
Docleatae or Dokleatai (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Δοκλεάται) were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is now Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
. Their capital was Doclea
Duklja (town)
Duklja or Doclea was once the principal city of the state of Duklja . The city was situated about three kilometers north from today’s Podgorica, Montenegro's capital.-History:...
(or Dioclea), and they are called after the town. They had settle west of the Morača river, up to Montenegro's present-day borders with Herzegovina
Herzegovina
Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...
. The Docleatae were prominent for their cheese, which was exported to various Roman provinces within the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. They were composed of parts of the Taulantii ,the Pleraei or Pyraei, Endirudini, Sasaei, Grabaei, Labeatae that came together after the Great Illyrian revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
.The Docleatae had 33 decuriae.
Pleraei
Pleraei or Pyraei or Palarioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Παλάριοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe.
Endirudini
Endirudini or Enderini Interphrourinoi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Ιντερφρουρῖνοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe that became part of the Docleatae. They were located on the east of lake Scodra at Enderon near Niksic.
Grabaei
Grabaei or Kambaioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Καμβαῖοι) were a minor Illyrian group that lived around Lake Scutari
Lake Scutari
Lake Skadar, also called Lake Scutari and Lake Shkodër is a lake on the border of Montenegro with Albania, the largest lake in the Balkan Peninsula. It is named after the city of Shkodra in northern Albania .- Geography :...
.
Labeates
Labeates or Labeatae (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Λαβεάται) was an Illyrian tribe that lived (after being defeated by Parmenio) around Scodra.
Deraemestae
Deraemestae or Deraemistae (Latin Deraemistae) was the name of an Illyrian tribe. The Deraemestae was composed of parts of several other tribes such as the Ozuaei, TaulantiiTaulantii
Taulantii was the name of a cluster of Illyrian tribes. According to Greek mythology Taulas , one of the six sons of Illyrius, was the eponymous ancestor of the Taulanti. They lived on the Adriatic coast of Illyria , between to the vicinity of the city of Epidamnus...
, Partheni, Hemasini, Arthitae and Armistae. The Deramestae had 30 decuriae.
Oxuaioi
Ozuaei or Oxuaioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Ὀξυαῖοι) was the name of one of the tribes composing the Deramestae.
Hemasini
Hippasinoi or Hemasini (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Ἱππασῖνοι) was the name of one of the tribes composing the Deramestae.
Taulantii
Taulantii (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ταυλάντιοι) was the name of a cluster of Illyrian tribes. According to Greek mythology
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece...
Taulas
Taulas
In Greek mythology, Taulas was one of the six sons of Illyrius and the eponymous ancestor of the Taulanti....
(Tαύλας), one of the six sons of Illyrius
Illyrius
Illyrius is a name known in different stories found in ancient Greek mythology.-Cadmus and Harmonia:According to the Library and Epitome of Apollodorus, Illyrius was the youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the whole Illyrian people...
, was the eponymous ancestor of the Taulanti. They lived on the Adriatic coast of Illyria
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
(modern Albania
Albania
Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
), between to the vicinity of the city of Epidamnus (modern Durrës
Durrës
Durrës is the second largest city of Albania located on the central Albanian coast, about west of the capital Tirana. It is one of the most ancient and economically important cities of Albania. Durres is situated at one of the narrower points of the Adriatic Sea, opposite the Italian ports of Bari...
). This tribe played an important role in Illyrian history of the 4th-3rd centuries BC,when King Glaukias (335 BC- 302 BC) ruled over them. This tribe had become bilingual being under the effects of an early Hellenisation. Taulantii could prepare mead, wine from honey like the Abri.
See also: king Galaurus
Galaurus
Galaurus was an Illyrian king of the Taulantii State who reigned in the middle of the 7th century BC. After the first Illyrian invasion of Macedonia in 691 BC because of the interruption of friendly relations, the Illyrians did considerable damage by their ravages. Galaurus invaded Macedonia...
Abri
Abri were an Illyrian tribe. They could prepare meadMead
Mead , also called honey wine, is an alcoholic beverage that is produced by fermenting a solution of honey and water. It may also be produced by fermenting a solution of water and honey with grain mash, which is strained immediately after fermentation...
, a wine from honey and were known to the Greeks for that method. They were Taulantii and effected by Hellenisation.
Parthini
The Parthini or Partheni or Peerthenetai (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Παρθῖνοι, Παρθηνοί) were Illyrians , part of the Taulantii who may be placed to the north in the mountainous neighborhood of Epidamnus, and thus, next to the Taulantii. After the death of Philip
Philip V of Macedon
Philip V was King of Macedon from 221 BC to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by an unsuccessful struggle with the emerging power of Rome. Philip was attractive and charismatic as a young man...
, king of Macedon
Macedon
Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom, centered in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, the region of Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south....
, they appear to have been added to the dominions of Pleuratus
Pleuratus
Pleuratus I was an Illyrian king of the Taulantii State. Pleuratus was the father of Glaucias...
, an Illyrian prince allied to the Romans. Their principal town was Parthus
Parthus
Parthus or Parthos was a settlement in ancient Illyria, of the Illyrian tribe of the Parthini. Its location is in Shkumbi valley, in modern Albania....
which was taken by Caesar
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
in the course of his campaign with Pompeius
Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great , was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic...
. The double-hilled Dimale
Dimale
Dimale was an ancient town in Illyria, possibly situated in the territory of the Illyrian Parthini, northeast of the ancient Greek colony of Apollonia near modern Krotinë, Berat District, Albania. The city was of uncertain foundation, Greek or Illyrian.- History :According to N.G.L...
, the strongest among the Illyrian places, with two citadels on two heights, connected by a wall, was within their territory. There is no indication, however, of its precise situation, which was probably between Lissus and Epidamnus. Livy
Livy
Titus Livius — known as Livy in English — was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, "Chapters from the Foundation of the City," covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome well before the traditional foundation in 753 BC...
(59 BC – 17 AD), mentions two other fortesses: Eugenium and Bargulum. They had been effected by Hellenisation.
Pannonian tribes
Pannonians was a common name for a group of culturally similar tribes cognate to IllyriansIllyrians
The Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula...
, who inhabited the southern part of what was later known as Roman province of Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
, south of the river Drava
Drava
Drava or Drave is a river in southern Central Europe, a tributary of the Danube. It sources in Toblach/Dobbiaco, Italy, and flows east through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria, into Slovenia , and then southeast, passing through Croatia and forming most of the border between Croatia and...
, and the northern part of the future Roman province of Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
. The Pannonian tribes appear to have been Celticized. Later a number of Pannonians settled in Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
.
In the 2nd century BC, the Segestani, one of the Pannonian tribes inhabiting the area around Segestica (modern Sisak
Sisak
Sisak is a city in central Croatia. The city's population in 2011 was 33,049, with a total of 49,699 in the administrative region and it is also the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina county...
in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
), were attacked without lasting success by consuls
Roman consul
A consul served in the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic.Each year, two consuls were elected together, to serve for a one-year term. Each consul was given veto power over his colleague and the officials would alternate each month...
Lucius Aurelius Cotta and an unidentified Cornelius
Cornelius
Cornelius is a Roman family name and a masculine given name. It could be derived from Latin cornu "horn". People, places and things named Cornelius include:-Surname:...
. In 35 BC, the Segestani were attacked by Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
, who conquered and occupied Siscia (Sisak). The rest of the Pannonians were not, however, definitely subdued until 9 BC, when their lands were incorporated into the province of Illyricum
Illyricum (Roman province)
The Roman province of Illyricum or Illyris Romana or Illyris Barbara or Illyria Barbara replaced most of the region of Illyria. It stretched from the Drilon river in modern north Albania to Istria in the west and to the Sava river in the north. Salona functioned as its capital...
after the Great Illyrian Revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
, conducted by the future emperor Tiberius
Tiberius
Tiberius , was Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced Nero and married Augustus in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian...
.
In AD 6, the Pannonians, together with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, revolted, and were overcome by Tiberius
Tiberius
Tiberius , was Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced Nero and married Augustus in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian...
and Germanicus
Germanicus
Germanicus Julius Caesar , commonly known as Germanicus, was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and a prominent general of the early Roman Empire. He was born in Rome, Italia, and was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle...
, after a hard-fought campaign which lasted for three years. Leaders of the Great Illyrian Revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
were Bato
Bato II
Bato II was an Illyrian warlord who led the Breuci in the Great Illyrian revolt against the Roman Empire. Bato II joined his rebel forces with those led by Bato I. After facing defeat, he surrendered to Tiberius in 8 CE on the bank of the Bosnian river...
of the Breuci tribe and Pinnes from Pannonia and another Baton of the Daesitiates from Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
. After the rebellion was crushed in 9 AD, the province of Illyricum
Illyricum (Roman province)
The Roman province of Illyricum or Illyris Romana or Illyris Barbara or Illyria Barbara replaced most of the region of Illyria. It stretched from the Drilon river in modern north Albania to Istria in the west and to the Sava river in the north. Salona functioned as its capital...
was dissolved, and its lands were divided between the new provinces of Pannonia in the north and Dalmatia in the south. The date of the division is unknown, most certainly after 20 AD but before 50 AD.
The Pannonian tribes (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Παννόνιοι) inhabited the area between the river Drava and the Dalmatian coast. Early archaeology and onomastics shows that they were culturally different from southern Illyrians, Iapodes, and La Tene peoples commonly known as the Celts though they were later Celticized. However, there are some cultural similarities between the Pannonians and Dalmatians. Many of the Pannonians lived in areas with rich iron ore deposits, so that iron mining and production was an important part of their economy before and after the Roman conquest. The Pannonians did not have settlements of importance in pre-Roman times, apart from Segestica that was actually Celt
Celt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic. Ancient sources (Strabo
Strabo
Strabo, also written Strabon was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.-Life:Strabo was born to an affluent family from Amaseia in Pontus , a city which he said was situated the approximate equivalent of 75 km from the Black Sea...
, Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian...
, Appian of Alexandria) mention few of the Pannonian tribes by name, and historians and archaeologists located some of them. Those tribes were;
Amantini
Amantini (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ἄμαντες) was the name of an Pannonian Illyrian tribe. They greatly resisted the Romans
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
but were sold as slaves after their defeat. The Amantini were close to Sirmium
Sirmium
Sirmium was a city in ancient Roman Pannonia. Firstly mentioned in the 4th century BC and originally inhabited by the Illyrians and Celts, it was conquered by the Romans in the 1st century BC and subsequently became the capital of the Roman province of Lower Pannonia. In 294 AD, Sirmium was...
but the tribe was probably present in southern areas as well due to the existence of a city name Amantia
Amantia
Amantia or Abantia was an ancient Greek polis in Epirus. It occupied an important defensive position above the Aoos river valley to the east, and on the road to the coast and the Bay of Vlorë. A Greek temple, the Aphrodite temple, a theatre, and a stadium have also been found in the city...
. This would make the south Amantini the southernmost Illyrian tribe.
Breuci
Breuci (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Βρεῦκοι) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians. They greatly resisted the Romans
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
but were sold as slaves after their defeat. They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule. It is likely that the name of the north-eastern Bosnian city Brčko
Brcko (city)
Brčko is a city in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, administrative seat of the Brčko District. It lies on the country's border along the Sava river across from Gunja, Croatia...
is derived from the name of this tribe
Tribe
A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally, consists of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states.Many anthropologists use the term tribal society to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups .Some theorists...
. A number of Breuci settled in Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
.
Colapiani
Colapiani was the name of an Illyrian tribe.The Colapiani were created from the Pannonian Breuci along with the OsseriatesOsseriates
Osseriates or Oseriates was the name of a civitas in Roman Pannonia. It also was the name of an Illyrian tribe of Pannonians. The Osseriates along with the Celtic Varciani and the Colapiani were created from the Breuci.- See also :...
and the Celtic Varciani.
Daesitiates
Daesitiates or Daezitiates were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is today Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
during the time of the Roman Republic
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates belonged to the Pannonians. They were prominent from the end of the 4th century BC up until the beginning of the 3rd century AD. Evidence of their daily activities can be found in literary sources, as well as in the rich material finds that belong to the autochthonous Middle-Bosnian cultural group. Because the Daesitiates were present during Roman rule in the western Balkans, their name can be found in many inscriptions and historical works of ancient writers. During the 19th century, scientific interest in the Daesitiates materialized whereby research was focused in parts of Upper Bosnia. However, all research efforts have yet to provide a complete analysis of the Daesitiates. The Daesitiates were unquestionably one of the main components of the Illyrian ethno-cultural complex that stretched from the southern Adriatic to the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
in the north. They specifically lived in the centre of the Illyrian West-Balkan and Pannonian world.
After nearly three centuries of political independence, the Daesitiates (and their polity) were conquered by Roman Emperor Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
. Afterwards, the Daesitiates were incorporated into the province of Illyricum
Illyricum (Roman province)
The Roman province of Illyricum or Illyris Romana or Illyris Barbara or Illyria Barbara replaced most of the region of Illyria. It stretched from the Drilon river in modern north Albania to Istria in the west and to the Sava river in the north. Salona functioned as its capital...
with a low total of 103 decuriae.
Ultimately, the widening gap between the Roman government and its subjects in Illyricum led to the Great Illyrian revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
that began in the spring of 6 AD. The Daesitiates were the first to revolt under the leadership of Bato I
Bato I
Also known as Bato the Daesitiate. Bato was an Illyrian warlord who led the Daesitiates in the Great Illyrian revolt against the Roman Empire from 6-9 CE.-Background:He was probably born between 35 and 30 BCE in what is today Upper Bosnia...
and were soon joined by the Breuci. Other natives were recruited to fight against the Marcomanni
Marcomanni
The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Buri, Suebi or Suevi.-Origin:Scholars believe their name derives possibly from Proto-Germanic forms of "march" and "men"....
while the
rebellion swiftly overtook enormous areas of the western Balkans and the Danube region.
The role of the Daesitiates in the rebellion was immense, which contributed to their ultimate disappearance.
Pirustae
Pirustae or Peiroustai or Pyrissaioi or Piroustai (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Πειροῦσται or Πυρισσαῖοι) were an Pannonian Illyrian tribe that lived in modern Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
. According to some sources, they had also lived in territories outside modern-day Montenegro, but, the majority of archaeologists, including famous British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans
Arthur Evans
Sir Arthur John Evans FRS was a British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete and for developing the concept of Minoan civilization from the structures and artifacts found there and elsewhere throughout eastern Mediterranean...
, the Pirustae had lived in northern Montenegro, around present-day Pljevlja
Pljevlja
Pljevlja is a town and municipality located in the northern part of Montenegro. The city lies at an altitude of...
and that they were prominent miners. Their prominence in mining has been seen in epigraphic monuments from Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
's mining regions. Pirustae along with other Pannonians and Illyrians
Illyrians
The Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula...
like the Sardeates were later settled in Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
(modern-day Romania).
Scirtari
Scirtari or Scirtones were an Illyrian tribe. Scirtari were part of the Pirustae. The Scirtari had 72 decuriae.Glintidiones
Glintidiones or Glinditiones (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Γλιντιδίωνες) were an Illyrian tribe. Glintidiones may have been part of the Pirustae. The Glintidiones had 44 decuriae.
Ceraunii
Ceraunii or Keraunioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Κεραύνιοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe.They lived close to the Pirustae in modern Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
.Ceraunii were part of the Pirustae. They had 24 decuriae.
Siculotae
Siculotae or Sikoulotai (Latin Siculotae) were an Illyrian tribe. The Siculotae were part of the Pirustae. The Siculotae had 24 decuriae.Segestani
Segestani (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Σεγεστανοί) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians.
Maezaei
Maezaei or Maizaioi or Mazaioi (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Μαζαῖοι) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians. The Maizaioi had 269 decuriae.
Andizetes
Andizetes, also referred to as Andisetes (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Ἀνδιζήτιοι) were a small Illyrian tribe that lived in the territory of present day Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
. Not much is known about this tribe except that it is found on the list of Illyrian tribes made by ancient Romans, against whom the Illyrians put up a heroic resistance, perhaps best portrayed during the Great Illyrian Revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
for freedom-the legendary Baton
Bato II
Bato II was an Illyrian warlord who led the Breuci in the Great Illyrian revolt against the Roman Empire. Bato II joined his rebel forces with those led by Bato I. After facing defeat, he surrendered to Tiberius in 8 CE on the bank of the Bosnian river...
's uprising.The personal name of Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
, popular among the Illyrians of southern Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
and much of northern Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
(corresponding roughly with modern Bosnia and Herzegovina), as it seems, derived from the name of this tribe. Another variant of this widespread personal Illyrian name is Andis
Andis
Andis is a variant of Andes, a personal name popular among the Illyrians inhabiting the territory of what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina, more specifically the southern parts of ancient province of Panonia and much of the northern parts of ancient Dalmatia...
. They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule. They were Pannonians.
Azali
Azali (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Ἄζαλοι) was the name of an Illyria
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
n tribe.After the Great Illyrian Revolt
Great Illyrian revolt
The Great Illyrian Revolt, was a major conflict between an alliance of indigenous communities from Illyricum and Roman forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9.-The war:...
the Azali were deported by the Romans. They were Pannonians.
Ditiones
Ditiones (GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Διτίωνες) were Illyrians of the subtribe of Pannonians. The Ditiones had 239 decuriae.
Oseriates
OsseriatesOsseriates
Osseriates or Oseriates was the name of a civitas in Roman Pannonia. It also was the name of an Illyrian tribe of Pannonians. The Osseriates along with the Celtic Varciani and the Colapiani were created from the Breuci.- See also :...
(Latin Oseriates) The Osseriates along with the Celtic Varciani and the Colapiani were created from the Pannonian Breuci.
Illyrii Proprie Dicti
Illyrii Proprie Dicti were the Illyrians proper, so called by PlinyPliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian...
(23–79 AD) in his Natural History
Natural History
Natural history is the scientific study of plants or animals.Natural History may also refer to:In science and medicine:* Natural History , Naturalis Historia, a 1st-century work by Pliny the Elder...
. They later formed the Docleatae. They were the Taulantii
Taulantii
Taulantii was the name of a cluster of Illyrian tribes. According to Greek mythology Taulas , one of the six sons of Illyrius, was the eponymous ancestor of the Taulanti. They lived on the Adriatic coast of Illyria , between to the vicinity of the city of Epidamnus...
, the Pleraei or Pyraei, the Endirudini, Sasaei, Grabaei, Labeatae. Illyrians proper were also some of the native communities of Roman Dalmatia.
Thracian-Illyrian
- Dardanii were IllyriansIllyriansThe Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula...
that may have had Thracian origin- GalabriGalabriGalabrii was a Romanized Thraco-Illyrian tribe of Dardania alongside the Thunatae. They held a region of southern Serbia and Northern Macedonia, the towns of "Vendenae", between Ad Fines and Viminacium , "Vicinianum" between Vendenae and Theranda, "Tranupara" between Astibus and Scupi Strabo...
subtribe of the Dardani - Thunatae subtribe of the Dardani
- Galabri
- Paeonians were closer to the ThraciansThraciansThe ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting areas including Thrace in Southeastern Europe. They spoke the Thracian language – a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family...
Atintani
Atintani were a tribe in Illyria, north of Via EgnatiaVia Egnatia
The Via Egnatia was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. It crossed the Roman provinces of Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thrace, running through territory that is now part of modern Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Greece, and European Turkey.Starting at Dyrrachium on the...
. Appian (95 – 165 AD) mentions them close to Epidamnus. During the Illyrian Wars
Illyrian Wars
Illyrian Wars were a set of conflicts of 229 BC, 219 BC and 168 BC when Rome overran the Illyrian settlements and suppressed the piracy that had made the Adriatic unsafe for Italian commerce. There were three campaigns, the first against Teuta, the second against Demetrius of Pharos and the third...
, the Atintani went over to the Romans and according to Appian, Demetrius of Pharos
Demetrius of Pharos
Demetrius of Pharos was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a Client king....
tried to detach them from Roman authority. The Atintani seem to have originated from the obscure, perhaps Thracian Tynteni
Tynteni
Tynteni, or Tyntenoi was the name of either an obscure tribe of uncertain origin, perhaps Thracians, living in villages, or of a town named Tynte, that may be the same as Daton, a Greek colony in Thrace. The Tynteni and Tynte are only attested in coins. If an actual tribe, the Tynteni were located...
, only attested in coins. The Atintani were ruled by the Thracian dynasty of the Peresadyes
Peresadyes
Peresadyes, were a tribe that lived in the ancient region of Illyria and ruled over, or with the Encheleans, or the Sesarethi, and were part of the Taulantii group of tribes...
.
Celtic
- BoiiBoiiThe Boii were one of the most prominent ancient Celtic tribes of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul , Pannonia , in and around Bohemia, and Transalpine Gaul...
- Arabiates
- Cornacates
- BelgitesBelgitesBelgites were a Celtic tribe that migrated to Pannonia in Illyria....
- TricornensesTricornensesTricornenses of Tricornum were a Romanized Thracio-Celtic artificially created community by the Romans that replaced the Celtic Celegeri. The inhabitants of Tricornum were Celtic and Thracian, attested by epigraphic sources. After 6 AD, the Tricornense were one of the four units of Upper Moesia...
- SerretesSerretesSerretes were a Celtic tribe that migrated to Pannonia in Illyria. It is possible that they held the town Serota , mentioned by Pliny.-References:*Sir William Smith, "Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography Vol. 2"...
, - SerrapilliSerrapilliSerrapilli were a Celtic tribe that migrated to Upper Pannonia in Illyria. They together with the Serretes lived on both sides of the Drava....
- Hercuniates,
- LatobiciLatobiciLatobici were a Celtic tribe settling in modern-day Slovenia mentioned by Ptolemy. In Roman times, their cities were Praetorium Latobicorum and Municipium Latobicorum, or later Neviodunum...
- ScordisciScordisciThe Scordisci were an Iron Age tribe centered in the territory of present-day Serbia, at the confluence of the Savus , Dravus and Danube rivers. They were historically notable from the beginning of the third century BC until the turn of the common era...
- DindariDindariDindari or Dindarii , was a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci. They dwelled by the Drina valley, of present-day Bosnia and Serbia....
or Dindarii (GreekGreek languageGreek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Δινδάριοι) a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci. - CelegeriCelegeriCelegeri were a Celtic tribe, together with the Dindari a branch of the Scordisci that migrated to Illyria after the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. They inhabited Moesia Superior , and are registered by Pliny as living between the Dardanoi and the Triballi. They appear in...
- Varciani
- PosenoiPosenoiPosenoi were a Celtic tribe that migrated to Pannonia in Illyria.They were a branch of Iapodes....
a community of the Iapodes - Japodes
Liburnian
In the early historical sources from the 8th century BC the LiburniansLiburnians
The Liburnians were an ancient Illyrian tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia and Titius in what is now Croatia....
were recorded by name or as separate ethnic group and as early as the 6th century BC Hecateus noted that the Liburnians were composed of also Caulici, Mentores, Syopii and Hythmitae, probably narrow tribal communities. Later, in the 3rd century BC, Callimachus
Callimachus
Callimachus was a native of the Greek colony of Cyrene, Libya. He was a noted poet, critic and scholar at the Library of Alexandria and enjoyed the patronage of the Egyptian–Greek Pharaohs Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Ptolemy III Euergetes...
mentioned Mentores, Hymanes, Enchealae and Peucetias as those who once had been a part of them, Ismeni were also recorded as one of their communities.
Messapic
These tribes (Iapygian or Messapic tribes) did not dwell in Illyria but in the heel of southern ItalyItaly
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. They could have Illyrian origins or some sort of link with Illyria
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
.
- MessapiiMessapiithumb|220px|Messapic ceramic, Archaeological Museum of [[Oria, Italy|Oria]], Apulia.The Messapii were an ancient tribe that inhabited, in historical times, the south-eastern peninsula or "heel" of Italy , known variously in ancient times as Calabria, Messapia and Iapygia...
- Dauni
- PeucetiiPeucetiiThe Peucetii were a tribe who were living in Apulia, southern Italy, in the country behind Barion...
linked to the Liburnian Peucetias - IapygesIapygesThe Iapyges or Iapygians were an Indo-European people who inhabited the heel of Italy before being absorbed by the Romans.-Identity:The Iapyges have unknown origins but could have been from Illyria....
linked to the Iapodes, who were sometimes also called Iapyges
See also
- List of rulers of Illyria
- List of ancient Cities in Illyria
- List of rulers of Thrace
- List of ancient Cities in Thrace
- List of ancient tribes in Thrace