List of Latin phrases: I
Encyclopedia
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| Latin | Translation | Notes | ||
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| ibidem (ibid.) | in the same place | Usually used in bibliographic Bibliography Bibliography , as a practice, is the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology... citations to refer to the last source previously referenced. |
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| idem (id.) | the same | Used to refer to something that has already been cited. See also ibidem. | ||
| id est (i.e.) | that is | "That is (to say)" in the sense of "that means" and "which means", or "in other words", or sometimes "in this case", depending on the context; may be followed by a comma, or not, depending on style (American English and British English respectively). It is often misinterpreted as "in example." In this situation, e.g. should be used instead. There should be a period (.) after both letters, since it is an abbreviation of two words. | ||
| id quod plerumque accidit | that which generally happens | A phrase used in legal language to indicate the most probable outcome from an act, fact, event or cause. | ||
| idem quod (i.q.) | the same as | Not to be confused with an intelligence quotient Intelligence quotient An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests designed to assess intelligence. When modern IQ tests are constructed, the mean score within an age group is set to 100 and the standard deviation to 15... . |
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| Idus Martiae | the Ides of March Ides of March The Ides of March is the name of the 15th day of March in the Roman calendar, probably referring to the day of the full moon. The word Ides comes from the Latin word "Idus" and means "half division" especially in relation to a month. It is a word that was used widely in the Roman calendar... |
In the Roman calendar Roman calendar The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the founding of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. This article generally discusses the early Roman or pre-Julian calendars... , the Ides of March refers to the 15th day of March. In modern times, the term is best known as the date on which Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.... was assassinated in 44 BC; the term has come to be used as a metaphor for impending doom. |
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| Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (INRI) | Jesus Jesus Jesus of Nazareth , commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity... of Nazareth Nazareth Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is made up predominantly of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel... , King of the Jews |
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| igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum | Therefore whoever desires peace, let him prepare for war | Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, De Re Militari De Re Militari De Re Militari , also Epitoma Rei Militaris, is a treatise by the late Latin writer Vegetius about Roman warfare and military principles as a presentation of methods and practices in use during the height of Rome's power, and responsible for that power... ; similar to si vis pacem, para bellum. |
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| igne natura renovatur integra | through fire, nature is reborn whole | An alchemical Alchemy Alchemy is an influential philosophical tradition whose early practitioners’ claims to profound powers were known from antiquity. The defining objectives of alchemy are varied; these include the creation of the fabled philosopher's stone possessing powers including the capability of turning base... aphorism invented as an alternate meaning for the acronym INRI. |
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| igni ferroque | with fire and iron | A phrase describing scorched earth Scorched earth A scorched earth policy is a military strategy or operational method which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area... tactics. Also rendered as igne atque ferro, ferro ignique, and other variations. |
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| ignis aurum probat | fire tests gold | A phrase referring to the refining of character through difficult circumstances, it is also the motto of the Prometheus Society Prometheus Society The Prometheus Society is a high IQ society, similar to Mensa International, but much more restrictive. The entry test is designed to be passable by 1 in 30,000 of the population; Mensa entry is achievable by 1 in 50... |
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| ignis fatuus | foolish fire | Will-o'-the-wisp Will-o'-the-wisp A will-o'-the-wisp or ignis fatuus , also called a "will-o'-wisp", "jack-o'-lantern" , "hinkypunk", "corpse candle", "ghost-light", "spook-light", "fairy light", "friar's lantern", "hobby lantern", "ghost orb", or simply "wisp", is a ghostly light or lights sometimes seen at night or twilight over... . |
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| ignorantia iuris non excusat | (or ignorantia legis non excusat or ignorantia legis neminem excusat) ignorance of the law is no excuse | A legal principle whereby ignorance of a law does not allow one to escape liability; | ||
| ignoratio elenchi Ignoratio elenchi Ignoratio elenchi is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may in itself be valid, but does not address the issue in question... |
ignorance of the issue | The logical fallacy Formal fallacy In philosophy, a formal fallacy is a pattern of reasoning that is always wrong. This is due to a flaw in the logical structure of the argument which renders the argument invalid... of irrelevant conclusion: making an argument that, while possibly valid, doesn't prove or support the proposition it claims to. An ignoratio elenchi that is an intentional attempt to mislead or confuse the opposing party is known as a red herring Ignoratio elenchi Ignoratio elenchi is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may in itself be valid, but does not address the issue in question... . Elenchi is from the Greek elenchos. |
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| ignotum per ignotius Ignotum per ignotius Ignotum per ignotius refers to an explanation more unfamiliar than the concept which it seeks to explain.... |
unknown by means of the more unknown | An explanation that is less clear than the thing to be explained. Synonymous with obscurum per obscurius. | ||
| ignotus (ign.) | unknown | |||
| imago Dei Imago Dei The Image of God is a concept and theological doctrine within the Abrahamic religions which asserts that human beings are created in God's image and therefore have inherent value independent of their utility or function.-Biblical description:... |
image of God | From the religious concept that man was created in "God's image". | ||
| imitatio dei Imitatio dei Imitatio dei is a religious concept by which man finds virtue by attempting to imitate God. It is found in several world religions. In some branches of Christianity, however, it plays a key role.-Christianity:... |
imitation of a god | A principle, held by several religions, that believers should strive to resemble their god(s). | ||
| imperium in imperio | an order within an order | 1. A group of people who owe utmost fealty to their leader(s), subordinating the interests of the larger group to the authority of the internal group's leader(s). 2. A "fifth column Fifth column A fifth column is a group of people who clandestinely undermine a larger group such as a nation from within.-Origin:The term originated with a 1936 radio address by Emilio Mola, a Nationalist General during the 1936–39 Spanish Civil War... " organization operating against the organization within which they seemingly reside. 3. "State within a state State within a state State within a state is a political situation in a country when an internal organ, generally from the armed forces, intelligence agencies or police, does not respond to the civilian leadership.... " |
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| imperium sine fine | an empire without an end | In Virgil Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English , was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues , the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid... 's Aeneid Aeneid The Aeneid is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It is composed of roughly 10,000 lines in dactylic hexameter... , Jupiter Jupiter (mythology) In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon.... ordered Aeneas Aeneas Aeneas , in Greco-Roman mythology, was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite. His father was the second cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas Priam's second cousin, once removed. The journey of Aeneas from Troy , which led to the founding a hamlet south of... to found a city (Rome Rome Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half... ) from which would come an everlasting, neverending empire, the endless (sine fine) empire. |
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| imprimatur Imprimatur An imprimatur is, in the proper sense, a declaration authorizing publication of a book. The term is also applied loosely to any mark of approval or endorsement.-Catholic Church:... |
let it be printed | An authorization to publish, granted by some censoring authority (originally a Catholic Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity... Bishop). |
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| in absentia In absentia In absentia is Latin for "in the absence". In legal use, it usually means a trial at which the defendant is not physically present. The phrase is not ordinarily a mere observation, but suggests recognition of violation to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial.In... |
in the absence | Used in a number of situations, such as in a trial carried out in the absence of the accused. | ||
| in actu | in act | "In the very act/In reality". | ||
| in articulo mortis | at the point of death | |||
| in camera In camera In camera is a legal term meaning "in private". It is also sometimes termed in chambers or in curia.In camera describes court cases that the public and press are not admitted to... |
in the chamber | Figuratively, "in secret". See also camera obscura. | ||
| in casu (i.c.) | in the event | "In this case". | ||
| in cauda venenum | the poison is in the tail | Using the metaphor Metaphor A metaphor is a literary figure of speech that uses an image, story or tangible thing to represent a less tangible thing or some intangible quality or idea; e.g., "Her eyes were glistening jewels." Metaphor may also be used for any rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via... of a scorpion Scorpion Scorpions are predatory arthropod animals of the order Scorpiones within the class Arachnida. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by the pair of grasping claws and the narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back, ending with a venomous stinger... , this can be said of an account that proceeds gently, but turns vicious towards the end — or more generally waits till the end to reveal an intention or statement that is undesirable in the listener's ears. |
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| in com. Ebor. | In the county of Yorkshire | Eboracum was the Roman name for York and this phrase is used in some Georgian and Victorian books on the genealogy of prominent Yorkshire families. | ||
| in Deo speramus | in God we hope | Motto of Brown University Brown University Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III ,... . |
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| in dubio pro reo In dubio pro reo The principle of in dubio pro reo means that a defendant may not be convicted by the court when doubts about his or her guilt remain.... |
in doubt, on behalf of the [alleged] culprit | Expresses the judicial principle that in case of doubt the decision must be in favor of the accused (in that anyone is innocent until there is proof to the contrary). | ||
| in duplo | in double | "In duplicate". | ||
| in effigie | in the likeness | "In (the form of) an image", "in effigy" as opposed to "in the flesh" or "in person". | ||
| in esse | in existence | In actual existence; as opposed to in posse. | ||
| in extenso | in the extended | "In full", "at full length", "completely", "unabridged". | ||
| in extremis | in the furthest reaches | In extremity; in dire straits. Also "at the point of death" (cf. in articulo mortis). | ||
| in fide scientiam | To our Faith Add Knowledge | Motto of Newington College Newington College Newington College is an independent, Uniting Church, day and boarding school for boys, located in Stanmore, an inner-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.... . |
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| in fidem | into faith | To the verification of faith. | ||
| in fieri | in becoming | Thus, "pending". | ||
| in fine (i.f.) | in the end | At the end. The footnote says "p. 157 in fine": "the end of page 157". | ||
| in flagrante delicto In flagrante delicto In flagrante delicto or sometimes simply in flagrante is a legal term used to indicate that a criminal has been caught in the act of committing an offence... |
in a blazing wrong, while the crime is blazing | Equivalent to the English idiom "caught red-handed": caught in the act of committing a crime. Sometimes carries the connotation of being caught in a "compromising position". | ||
| in flore | in blossom | Blooming. | ||
| in foro | in forum | Legal term for "in court". | ||
| in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni | We enter the circle at night and are consumed by fire | A palindrome Palindrome A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of units that can be read the same way in either direction, with general allowances for adjustments to punctuation and word dividers.... said to describe the behavior of moths. Also the title of a film by Guy Debord Guy Debord Guy Ernest Debord was a French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International . He was also briefly a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie.-Early Life:Guy Debord was born in Paris in 1931... . |
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| in harmonia progressio | progress in harmony | Motto of Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Institute of Technology The Bandung Institute of Technology or Institute of Technology, Bandung is a state, coeducational research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is the oldest technology-oriented university in Indonesia.... , Indonesia. |
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| in hoc sensu or in sensu hoc (s.h.) | in this sense | Recent academic abbreviation for the spatious and inconvenient "in this sense". | ||
| in hoc signo vinces | by this sign you will conquer | Words Constantine the Great claimed to have seen in a vision before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. Motto of Sigma Chi Sigma Chi Sigma Chi is the largest and one of the oldest college Greek-letter secret and social fraternities in North America with 244 active chapters and more than . Sigma Chi was founded on June 28, 1855 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio when members split from Delta Kappa Epsilon... fraternity, the Norwegian Army 2nd Battalion Norwegian Army 2nd Battalion 2nd Battalion is an infantry unit of the Norwegian Army, based at camp Skjold in Troms county in Northern Norway. It serves in the mechanized infantry role as part of Brigade Nord; the battalion is one of three that Norwegian battalions performing this role, along with being Telemark Battalion and... and the House of Di Santis. |
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| in hunc effectum | for this purpose | Describes a meeting called for a particular stated purpose only. | ||
| in illo ordine (i.o.) | in that order | Recent academic substitution for the spacious and inconvenient "..., respectively." | ||
| in illo tempore | in that time | "at that time", found often in Gospel lectures during Masses, used to mark an undetermined time in the past. | ||
| in inceptum finis est | lit.: in the beginning is the end | or: the beginning foreshadows the end | ||
| in limine | at the outset | Preliminary, in law referring to a motion that is made to the judge before or during trial, often about the admissibility of evidence believed prejudicial | ||
| in loco | in the place, on the spot | That is, "on site". The nearby labs were closed for the weekend, so the water samples were analyzed in loco. |
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| in loco parentis In loco parentis The term in loco parentis, Latin for "in the place of a parent"" refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent... |
in the place of a parent | A legal term meaning "assuming parental (i.e., custodial) responsibility and authority". Primary and secondary teachers are typically bound by law to act in loco parentis. | ||
| in luce Tua videmus lucem | in Thy light we see light | Motto of Valparaiso University Valparaiso University Valparaiso University, known colloquially as Valpo, is a regionally accredited private university located in the city of Valparaiso in the U.S. state of Indiana. Founded in 1859, it consists of five undergraduate colleges, a graduate school, a nursing school and a law school... . |
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| in lumine tuo videbimus lumen | in your light we will see the light | Motto of Columbia University Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the... , Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School and Ohio Wesleyan University Ohio Wesleyan University Ohio Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and Central Ohio residents as a nonsectarian institution, and is a member of the Ohio Five — a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges... . |
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| in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum | into your hands I entrust my spirit | According to Luke Gospel of Luke The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The... 23:46, the last words of Jesus Jesus Jesus of Nazareth , commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity... on the cross. |
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| in medias res In medias res In medias res or medias in res is a Latin phrase denoting the literary and artistic narrative technique wherein the relation of a story begins either at the mid-point or at the conclusion, rather than at the beginning In medias res or medias in res (into the middle of things) is a Latin phrase... |
into the middle of things | From Horace Horace Quintus Horatius Flaccus , known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.-Life:... . Refers to the literary technique of beginning a narrative in the middle of, or at a late point in, the story, after much action has already taken place. Examples include the Iliad Iliad The Iliad is an epic poem in dactylic hexameters, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles... , the Odyssey Odyssey The Odyssey is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, the other work ascribed to Homer. The poem is fundamental to the modern Western canon, and is the second—the Iliad being the first—extant work of Western literature... , Os Lusíadas Os Lusíadas Os Lusíadas , usually translated as The Lusiads, is a Portuguese epic poem by Luís Vaz de Camões .... , Othello Othello The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in approximately 1603, and based on the Italian short story "Un Capitano Moro" by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565... , and Paradise Lost Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. It was originally published in 1667 in ten books, with a total of over ten thousand individual lines of verse... . Compare ab initio. |
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| in memoriam | into the memory | Equivalent to "in the memory of". Refers to remembering or honoring a deceased person. | ||
| in necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas is a Latin phrase commonly translated as "unity in necessary things; liberty in doubtful things; charity in all things", or, more literally, "in necessary things unity; in uncertain things freedom; in everything compassion".It is often... |
in necessary things unity, in doubtful things liberty, in all things charity | "Charity Charity (virtue) In Christian theology charity, or love , means an unlimited loving-kindness toward all others.The term should not be confused with the more restricted modern use of the word charity to mean benevolent giving.- Caritas: altruistic love :... " (caritas) is being used in the classical sense of "compassion" (cf. agape Agape Agape is one of the Greek words translated into English as love, one which became particularly appropriated in Christian theology as the love of God or Christ for mankind. In the New Testament, it refers to the fatherly love of God for humans, as well as the human reciprocal love for God; the term... ). Motto of the Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen The Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen or Cartellverband is a German umbrella organization of Catholic male student fraternities .-Foundation:... . Often misattributed to Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo , also known as Augustine, St. Augustine, St. Austin, St. Augoustinos, Blessed Augustine, or St. Augustine the Blessed, was Bishop of Hippo Regius . He was a Latin-speaking philosopher and theologian who lived in the Roman Africa Province... . |
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| in nocte consilium | advice comes over night | I.e., "Tomorrow is a new day." Motto of Birkbeck College Birkbeck, University of London Birkbeck, University of London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It offers many Master's and Bachelor's degree programmes that can be studied either part-time or full-time, though nearly all teaching is... , University of London. |
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| in nomine Domini In Nomine Domini In nomine Domini, named for its Latin incipit , is a papal bull of Pope Nicholas II and canon of the Council of Rome, promulgated on April 13, 1059, establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope, with the consent of cardinal-deacons and cardinal-priests In nomine Domini, named... |
in the name of the Lord | Motto of Trinity College, Perth Trinity College, Perth Trinity College, is an independent day school for boys, located in East Perth, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The school was established in 1962, Trinity is a school in the Edmund Rice Tradition. and is located on reclaimed land adjacent to the Swan River foreshore... , Australia; the name of a 1050 papal bull Papal bull A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end in order to authenticate it.... . |
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| in nuce | in a nut | I.e., "in potentiality." Comparable to "potential", "to be developed". | ||
| in omnia paratus | Ready for anything. | Motto of the United States Army United States Army The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services... 's 18th Infantry Regiment |
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| in omnibus requiem quaesivi, et nusquam inveni nisi in angulo cum libro | Everywhere I have searched for peace and nowhere found it, except in a corner with a book | Quote by Thomas à Kempis Thomas à Kempis Thomas à Kempis was a late Medieval Catholic monk and the probable author of The Imitation of Christ, which is one of the best known Christian books on devotion. His name means, "Thomas of Kempen", his home town and in German he is known as Thomas von Kempen... |
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| in pace requiescat | in peace may he rest | An alternate form of "requiescat in pace", meaning "let him rest in peace". Found in this form at the end of The Cask of Amontillado The Cask of Amontillado "The Cask of Amontillado" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in the November 1846 issue of Godey's Lady's Book.... by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective... . |
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| in partibus infidelium | in the parts of the infidels | That is, "in the land of the infidels", infidel Infidel An infidel is one who has no religious beliefs, or who doubts or rejects the central tenets of a particular religion – especially in reference to Christianity or Islam.... s here referring to non-Christian Christian A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament... s. After Islam Islam Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~... conquered a large part of the Roman Empire, the corresponding bishoprics didn't disappear, but remained as titular see Titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular bishop", "titular metropolitan", or "titular archbishop".... s. |
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| in pectore In pectore In pectore is a term used in the Catholic Church to refer to appointments to the College of Cardinals by the Pope when the name of the newly appointed cardinal is not publicly revealed... |
in the heart | A Cardinal Cardinal (Catholicism) A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and... named in secret by the pope Pope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle... . See also ab imo pectore. |
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| in personam In personam In personam is a Latin phrase meaning "directed toward a particular person". In a lawsuit in which the case is against a specific individual, that person must be served with a summons and complaint to give the court jurisdiction to try the case, and the judgment applies to that person and is called... |
into a person | Directed towards a particular person | ||
| in posse | in potential | In the state of being possible; as opposed to in esse. | ||
| in propria persona | in one's own person | "Personally", "in person". | ||
| in principio erat Verbum | in the beginning was the Word (Logos) | Beginning of the Gospel of John John 1:1 ' is the first verse in the Gospel of John. The King James Version of the verse reads, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God". The phrase "the Word" is widely interpreted as referring to Jesus, as indicated in other verses later in the same chapter... |
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| in re In re In re, Latin for "in the matter [of]", is a term with several different, but related meanings.In correspondence, the phrase in re: refers to the subject of a letter, memorandum, or electronic mail message... |
in the matter [of] | A legal term used to indicate that a judicial proceeding may not have formally designated adverse parties or is otherwise uncontested. The term is commonly used in case citations of probate Probate Probate is the legal process of administering the estate of a deceased person by resolving all claims and distributing the deceased person's property under the valid will. A probate court decides the validity of a testator's will... proceedings, for example, In re Smith's Estate; it is also used in juvenile court Juvenile court A juvenile court is a tribunal having special authority to try and pass judgments for crimes committed by children or adolescents who have not attained the age of majority... s, as, for instance, In re Gault In Re Gault In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 , was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that held that juveniles accused of crimes in a delinquency proceeding must be afforded many of the same due process rights as adults, such as the right to timely notification of the charges, the right to confront witnesses, the... . |
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| in regione caecorum rex est luscus | In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. | A quote of Desiderius Erasmus from Adagia (first published 1500, with numerous expanded editions through 1536), III, IV, 96. | ||
| in rem In rem In rem is Latin for "against a thing." In a lawsuit, an action in rem is directed towards a piece of property rather than against a person . The action disputes or seeks to transfer title to property. When title to real estate In rem is Latin for "against a thing." In a lawsuit, an action in rem... |
to the thing | A legal term used to indicate a court's jurisdiction over a "thing" rather than a "legal person". As opposed to "ad personam jurisdiction". Example: in tenant landlord disputes, the summons and complaint may be nailed to the door of a rented property. This is because the litigant seeks jurisdiction over "the premises" rather than "the occupant". | ||
| in rerum natura | in the nature of things | See also Lucretius Lucretius Titus Lucretius Carus was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is an epic philosophical poem laying out the beliefs of Epicureanism, De rerum natura, translated into English as On the Nature of Things or "On the Nature of the Universe".Virtually no details have come down concerning... ' De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things). |
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| in retentis | among things held back | Used to describe documents kept separately from the regular records of a court for special reasons. | ||
| in saeculo | in the times | "In the secular Secularism Secularism is the principle of separation between government institutions and the persons mandated to represent the State from religious institutions and religious dignitaries... world", that is, outside a monastery, or before death. |
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| in salvo | in safety | |||
| in scientia opportunitas | In Knowledge, there is Opportunity | Motto of Edge Hill University Edge Hill University Edge Hill University is situated in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England. It has three faculties: Education, Health and Social Care, and Arts and Sciences.- History :... . |
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| in silico In silico In silico is an expression used to mean "performed on computer or via computer simulation." The phrase was coined in 1989 as an analogy to the Latin phrases in vivo and in vitro which are commonly used in biology and refer to experiments done in living organisms and outside of living organisms,... (Dog Latin Dog Latin Dog Latin, Cod Latin, macaronic Latin, or mock Latin refers to the creation of a phrase or jargon in imitation of Latin, often by directly translating English words into Latin without conjugation or declension... ) |
in silicon Silicon Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, it is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon, the nonmetal directly above it in the periodic table, but more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table... |
Coined in the late 1980s for scientific papers. Refers to an experiment or process performed virtually, as a computer simulation. The term is Dog Latin Dog Latin Dog Latin, Cod Latin, macaronic Latin, or mock Latin refers to the creation of a phrase or jargon in imitation of Latin, often by directly translating English words into Latin without conjugation or declension... modeled after terms such as in vitro and in vivo. The Latin word for silicon is silicium, so the correct Latinization of "in silicon" would be in silicio, but this form has little usage. |
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| in situ In situ In situ is a Latin phrase which translated literally as 'In position'. It is used in many different contexts.-Aerospace:In the aerospace industry, equipment on board aircraft must be tested in situ, or in place, to confirm everything functions properly as a system. Individually, each piece may... |
in the place | In the original place, appropriate position, or natural arrangement. | ||
| in somnis veritas | In dreams there is truth | |||
| in spe | in hope | "future" (My mother-in-law in spe", i.e., "My future mother-in-law), or "in embryonic form", as in "Locke John Locke John Locke FRS , widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social... 's theory of government resembles, in spe, Montesquieu's theory of the separation of powers." |
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| in specialibus generalia quaerimus | To seek the general in the specifics | That is, to understand the most general rules through the most detailed analysis. | ||
| in statu nascendi Nascent state (disambiguation) Nascent state is a psychological process of destructuration-reorganization.Nascent state may also refer to:* Nascent state , the form of an chemical element * In statu nascendi, a Latin phrase... |
in the state of being born | Just as something is about to begin. | ||
| in toto | in all | "Totally", "entirely", "completely". | ||
| in triplo | in triple | "In triplicate". | ||
| in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus | Then we will fight in the shade | |||
| in utero | in the womb | |||
| in utrumque paratus | Prepared for either (event) | Motto of the McKenzie clan. | ||
| in vacuo | in a void | "In a vacuum". In isolation from other things. | ||
| in varietate concordia | united in diversity | The motto of the European Union European Union The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958... and the Council of Europe Council of Europe The Council of Europe is an international organisation promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation... |
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| in vino veritas | in wine [there is] truth | That is, wine loosens the tongue(Referring to alcohol Alcohol In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxy functional group is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon center should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms.... 's disinhibitory effects). |
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| in vitro In vitro In vitro refers to studies in experimental biology that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological context in order to permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms. Colloquially, these experiments... |
in glass | An experimental or process methodology performed in a "non-natural" setting (e.g. in a laboratory using a glass test tube or Petri dish), and thus outside of a living organism or cell. Alternative experimental or process methodologies include in vitro, in silico, ex vivo and in vivo. | ||
| in vivo In vivo In vivo is experimentation using a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead organism, or an in vitro controlled environment. Animal testing and clinical trials are two forms of in vivo research... |
in life" or "in a living thing | An experiment or process performed on a living specimen. | ||
| in vivo veritas | in a living thing [there is] truth | An expression used by biologist Biologist A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work... s to express the fact that laboratory findings from testing an organism in vitro In vitro In vitro refers to studies in experimental biology that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological context in order to permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms. Colloquially, these experiments... are not always reflected when applied to an organism in vivo In vivo In vivo is experimentation using a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead organism, or an in vitro controlled environment. Animal testing and clinical trials are two forms of in vivo research... . A pun on in vino veritas In vino veritas In vino veritas is a Latin phrase that translates, “in wine [there is the] truth". It is also known as a Greek phrase “Ἐν οἴνῳ ἀλήθεια” En oino álétheia, which has the same meaning. The author of the Latin phrase is Pliny the Elder; the Greek phrase is attributed to the Greek poet Alcaeus.The Greek... . |
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| incepto ne desistam | May I not shrink from my purpose! | Westville Boys' High School Westville Boys' High School Westville Boys' High School, often referred to as WBHS, is a public high school for boys located in Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.-History:2006 marked the 41st anniversary of WBHS as an all-boys' high school... and Westville Girls' High School Westville Girls' High School Westville Girls' High School,, is a public school for girls in Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.The school strives to maximise every learner's potential in order that she may serve society and experience personal fulfilment through the development of her unique talents and abilities.The... 's motto is taken directly from Virgil. These words, found in Aeneid, Book 1, are used by Juno, queen of heaven who hated the Trojans led by Aeneas. When she saw the fleet of Aeneas on its way to Italy, after the sack of Troy by the Greeks, she planned to scatter it by means of strong winds. In her determination to accomplish her task she cried out "Incepto Ne Desistam". |
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| incertae sedis | of uncertain position (seat) | A term used to classify a taxonomic group when its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. | ||
| incredibile dictu | incredible to say | A variant on mirabile dictu. | ||
| Index Librorum Prohibitorum Index Librorum Prohibitorum The Index Librorum Prohibitorum was a list of publications prohibited by the Catholic Church. A first version was promulgated by Pope Paul IV in 1559, and a revised and somewhat relaxed form was authorized at the Council of Trent... |
Index of Prohibited (or, Forbidden) Books | A list of books considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity... . |
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| indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter | indivisible and inseparable | Motto of Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in... prior to its separation into independent states in 1918. |
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| Infinitus est numerus stultorum. | Infinite is the number of fools. | |||
| infirma mundi elegit Deus | God chooses the weak of the world | The motto of Venerable Vital-Justin Grandin Vital-Justin Grandin Father Vital-Justin Grandin was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop who served the Church in the western parts of what is now Canada both before and after Confederation.-Early life:... , the bishop of the St. Albert Diocese, which is now the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in the Province of Alberta. Its suffragan dioceses are Calgary and Saint Paul. Historically, the archdiocese was preceded by the Diocese of St Albert which was erected in 1871. In 1912 the present archdiocese was erected... |
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| infra dignitatem (infra dig) | beneath one's dignity | |||
| innocens non timidus | innocent but not afraid | Motto on Rowe family coat of arms. | ||
| instante mense (inst.) | in the present month | Formerly used in formal correspondence to refer to the current month, sometimes abbreviated as instant; e.g.: "Thank you for your letter of the 17th inst." — ult. mense = last month, prox. mense = next month. | ||
| intaminatis fulget honoribus | Untarnished, she shines with honor | From Horace Horace Quintus Horatius Flaccus , known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.-Life:... 's Odes (III.2.18). Motto of Wofford College. |
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| integer vitae scelerisque purus | unimpaired by life and clean of wickedness | From Horace Horace Quintus Horatius Flaccus , known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.-Life:... . Used as a funeral hymn. |
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| inter alia (i.a.) | among other things | A term used in formal extract minutes to indicate that the minute quoted has been taken from a fuller record of other matters, or when alluding to the parent group after quoting a particular example. | ||
| inter alios | among others | Often used to compress lists of parties to legal documents. | ||
| inter arma enim silent leges Inter arma enim silent leges Inter arma enim silent leges is a Latin phrase meaning "For among [times of] arms, the laws fall mute," although it is more popularly rendered as "In times of war, the law falls silent." This maxim was likely first written in these words by Cicero in his published oration Pro Milone, although... |
in a time of war, the law falls silent | Said by Cicero Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero , was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.He introduced the Romans to the chief... in Pro Milone Pro Milone The Pro Tito Annio Milone ad iudicem oratio is a speech made by Marcus Tullius Cicero on behalf of his friend Titus Annius Milo. Milo was accused of murdering his political enemy Publius Clodius Pulcher on the Via Appia... as a protest against unchecked political mobs that had virtually seized control of Rome in the 60s and 50s BC. Famously quoted in the essay Civil Disobedience Civil Disobedience (Thoreau) Civil Disobedience is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849... by Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist... as "The clatter of arms drowns out the voice of the law". This phrase has also been jokingly translated as "In a time of arms, the legs are silent." |
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| inter caetera Inter caetera Inter caetera was a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on , which granted to Spain all lands to the "west and south" of a pole-to-pole line 100 leagues west and south of any of the islands of the Azores or the Cape Verde Islands.It remains unclear to the present whether the pope was issuing a... |
among others | Title of a papal bull Papal bull A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end in order to authenticate it.... |
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| inter spem et metum | between hope and fear | |||
| inter urinas et faeces nascimur | we are born between urine and feces | Attributed to St Augustine Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo , also known as Augustine, St. Augustine, St. Austin, St. Augoustinos, Blessed Augustine, or St. Augustine the Blessed, was Bishop of Hippo Regius . He was a Latin-speaking philosopher and theologian who lived in the Roman Africa Province... . |
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| inter vivos | between the living | Said of property transfers between living persons, as opposed to inheritance; often relevant to tax laws. | ||
| intra muros | within the walls | Thus, "not public". Source of the word intramural. See also Intramuros Intramuros Intramuros is the oldest district in the present day city of Manila, the capital of the Republic of the Philippines. Nicknamed the "Walled City", Intramuros is the historic fortified city of Manila, the seat ot the government during the Spanish Colonial Period. Its name in Latin, intramuros,... , Manila. |
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| intra vires | within the powers | That is, "within the authority". | ||
| invicta | Unconquered | Motto of the English county of Kent Kent Kent is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of... . |
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| invictus maneo | I remain unvanquished | Motto of the Armstrong Clan Clan Armstrong Clan Armstrong is an armigerous clan whose origins lie in Cumberland, south of the frontier between Scotland and England which was officially established in 1237.... . |
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| Iohannes est nomen eius | John is his name / Juan es su Nombre | Motto of the Seal of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico | ||
| ipsa scientia potestas est | knowledge itself is power | Famous phrase written by Sir Francis Bacon Francis Bacon Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans, KC was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England... in 1597. |
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| ipse dixit Ipse dixit Ipse dixit is a Latin phrase meaning he himself said it. The term labels a dogmatic statement asserted but not proved, to be accepted on faith in the speaker.... |
he himself said it | Commonly said in Medieval debates referring to Aristotle Aristotle Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology... . Used in general to emphasize that some assertion comes from some authority, i.e., as an argument from authority Argument from authority Argument from authority is a special type of inductive argument which often takes the form of a statistical syllogism.... , and the term ipse-dixitism has come to mean any unsupported rhetorical assertion that lacks a logical argument. Originally coined by Cicero Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero , was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.He introduced the Romans to the chief... in his De Natura Deorum De Natura Deorum De Natura Deorum is a philosophical dialogue by Roman orator Cicero written in 45 BC. It is laid out in three "books", each of which discuss the theology of different Roman and Greek philosophers... (I, 10) to describe the behavior of the students of Pythagoras Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, so very little reliable information is known about him... . |
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| ipsissima verba | the very words themselves | "Strictly word for word" (cf. verbatim). Often used in Biblical Studies to describe the record of Jesus' teaching found in the New Testament (specifically, the four Gospels). | ||
| ipsissima voce | the very 'voice' itself | To approximate the main thrust or message without using the exact words. | ||
| ipso facto Ipso facto Ipso facto is a Latin phrase, directly translated as "by the fact itself," which means that a certain phenomenon is a direct consequence, a resultant effect, of the action in question, instead of being brought about by a subsequent action such as the verdict of a tribunal. It is a term of art used... |
by the fact itself | Or "by that very fact". | ||
| ira deorum | wrath of the gods | Like the vast majority of inhabitants of the ancient world, the ancient Romans Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world.... practiced pagan Paganism Paganism is a blanket term, typically used to refer to non-Abrahamic, indigenous polytheistic religious traditions.... rituals, believing it important to achieve a state of pax deorum (peace of the gods) instead of ira deorum (wrath of the gods): earthquakes, floods, famine, etc. |
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| ira furor brevis est | Wrath (anger) is but a brief madness | |||
| ita vero | thus indeed | A useful phrase, as the Romans had no word for "yes", preferring to respond to questions with the affirmative or negative of the question (e.g., "Are you hungry?" was answered by "I am hungry" or "I am not hungry", not "Yes" or "No). | ||
| ite missa est Ite missa est Ite, missa est are the concluding words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite, as well as the Lutheran Divine Service. The exact meaning of the words is disputed, it has the effect of "Go", or "It is Sent", but the term "Mass" derives from this phrase... |
Go, it is the dismissal | Loosely: "You have been dismissed". Concluding words addressed to the people in the Mass Mass (liturgy) "Mass" is one of the names by which the sacrament of the Eucharist is called in the Roman Catholic Church: others are "Eucharist", the "Lord's Supper", the "Breaking of Bread", the "Eucharistic assembly ", the "memorial of the Lord's Passion and Resurrection", the "Holy Sacrifice", the "Holy and... of the Roman Rite Roman Rite The Roman Rite is the liturgical rite used in the Diocese of Rome in the Catholic Church. It is by far the most widespread of the Latin liturgical rites used within the Western or Latin autonomous particular Church, the particular Church that itself is also called the Latin Rite, and that is one of... . |
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| iter legis | The path of the law | The path a law takes from its conception to its implementation. | ||
| iugulare mortuos | to cut the throat of corpses | From Gerhard Gerhards' (1466–1536) [better known as Erasmus] collection of annotated Adagia (1508). It can mean attacking the work or personality of deceased person. Alternatively, it can be used to describe criticism of an individual already heavily criticised by others. | ||
| iuncta iuvant | together they strive | also spelled juncta juvant; from the legal principle quae non valeant singula, iuncta iuvant ("What is without value on its own, helps when joined") | ||
| iura novit curia Iura novit curia Iura novit curia is a Latin legal maxim expressing the principle that "the court knows the law", i.e., that the parties to a legal dispute do not need to plead or prove the law that applies to their case... |
the court knows the law | A legal principle in civil law countries of the Roman-German tradition that says that lawyers need not to argue the law, as that is the office of the court. Sometimes miswritten as iura novat curia (the court renews the laws). | ||
| iure matris Jure matris Jure matris is a Latin phrase meaning "by right of his mother" or "in right of his mother".It is commonly encountered in the law of Inheritance when a noble title or other right passes from mother to son. It is also used in the context of monarchy in cases where a woman holds a title in her own... |
in right of his mother | Indicates a right exercised by a son on behalf of his mother. | ||
| iure uxoris Jure uxoris Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of his wife" or "in right of a wife". It is commonly used to refer to a title held by a man whose wife holds it in her own right. In other words, he acquired the title simply by being her husband.... |
in right of his wife | Indicates a right exercised by a husband on behalf of his wife. | ||
| iuris ignorantia est cum ius nostrum ignoramus | it is ignorance of the law when we do not know our own rights | |||
| ius accrescendi | right of accrual | Commonly referred to as "right of survivorship": a rule in property law that surviving joint tenants have rights in equal shares to a decedent's property. | ||
| ius ad bellum | law towards war | Refers to the laws that regulate the reasons for going to war. Typically, this would address issues of self-defense or preemptive strikes. | ||
| ius cogens Peremptory norm A peremptory norm is a fundamental principle of international law which is accepted by the international community of states as a norm from which no derogation is ever permitted.There is no clear agreement regarding precisely which norms are jus cogens nor how a norm reaches that status, but... |
compelling law | Refers to a fundamental principle of international law considered to have acceptance among the international community of states as a whole. Typically, this would address issues not listed or defined by any authoritative body, but arise out of case law and changing social and political attitudes. Generally included are prohibitions on waging aggressive war, crimes against humanity, war crimes, piracy, genocide, slavery, and torture. | ||
| ius in bello | law in war | Refers to the "laws" that regulate the conduct of combatants during a conflict. Typically, this would address issues of who or what is a valid target, how to treat prisoners, and what sorts of weapons can be used. The word jus is also commonly spelled ius. | ||
| ius primae noctis | law of the first night | The droit de seigneur. | ||
| iustitia fundamentum regni | justice - fundamental of kingdom | Motto of the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office of the Czech Republic. | ||
| iustitia omnibus | justice for all | The motto of Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution.... |
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| iuventuti nil arduum | to the young nothing is difficult | Motto of Canberra Girls' Grammar School Canberra Girls' Grammar School Canberra Girls' Grammar School is an independent, Anglican, day and boarding school predominantly for girls, located in Deakin, a suburb of Canberra, the capital of Australia.... . |
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| iuventutis veho fortunas | I bear the fortunes of youth | Motto of Dollar Academy Dollar Academy Dollar Academy was founded in 1818, which makes it the oldest co-educational day and boarding school in the world. The open campus occupies a site in the centre of the thriving town of Dollar in Central Scotland, less than 40 minutes drive from the two main Scottish cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh... . |