List of Gulag camps
Encyclopedia
This incomplete list enumerates sites of Soviet forced labor camps ("corrective labor camps"). Most of them served mining, construction, and timber works. Even this incomplete list can give a fair idea of the scale of forced labor in the USSR
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

.

Initially it was created from the list of labor camp
Labor camp
A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons...

s that detained citizens of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

 and Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...

 of other citizenship, compiled by the government of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

 for regulation of compensations for the former detainees and presented in a decree of the Council of Ministers of Poland.

Those camps and works were not designed especially for Poles. Citizens of the USSR and people of other nationalities were also detained there.

The particular groups that were imprisoned there:
  • Any person convicted to a term of imprisonment of more than 3 years (all those convicted to less than three years were to be sent to "corrective labor colonies").
  • Soviet dissident
    Dissident
    A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When dissidents unite for a common cause they often effect a dissident movement....

    s. Initially these were dubbed "class enemies" (White Army combatants, members of opposition parties, nobility
    Nobility
    Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...

    , etc.). Later, when the full victory of the Revolution was declared and there were supposedly no more "class enemies" left, a more flexible term of the enemy of the people
    Enemy of the people
    The term enemy of the people is a fluid designation of political or class opponents of the group using the term. The term implies that the "enemies" in question are acting against society as a whole. It is similar to the notion of "enemy of the state". The term originated in Roman times as ,...

     was introduced, as well as an infamous Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)
    Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)
    Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on 25 February 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. It was revised several times...

     that covered "counter-revolutionary activities".
  • Soviet combatants returned from captivity. As a rule they were held liable under Article 58
    Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)
    Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on 25 February 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. It was revised several times...

    , their obvious anti-Soviet offense being not dying in the defence of the Soviet Motherland.
  • Poles. These nationals populated Gulag camps in three major waves, see Polish minority in Soviet Union article.


Remark: POWs were generally imprisoned in special POW camps, which existed independently from the network of corrective labor camps, and were subordinated to an own administrative apparatus within the NKVD (since 1946: MVD). However, a certain number of POWs ended up in the regular camp system, though. Unlike Gulag camps, that were located primarily in remote areas, most of POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union, where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads, railways, plants, etc., a topic of a separate article, POW labor in the Soviet Union
POW labor in the Soviet Union
Systematic POW labor in the Soviet Union is associated primarily with the outcomes of the World War II and covers the period of 1939-1956.This form of forced labor was handled by the Chief Directorate for Prisoners of War and Internees Affairs of the NKVD, established in 1939 Systematic POW labor...

.

Remark: Poles and other nationalities who were conscripted into the Soviet Army also provided forced labour during WWII including trench, lumber and cement works, airport runway construction and unloading of transport goods.

Acronyms

  • BAM Baikalo-Amurskaya Magistral, Baikal
    Lake Baikal
    Lake Baikal is the world's oldest at 30 million years old and deepest lake with an average depth of 744.4 metres.Located in the south of the Russian region of Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast, it is the most voluminous freshwater lake in the...

    -Amur
    Amur Oblast
    Amur Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , situated about east of Moscow on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers. It shares its border with the Sakha Republic in the north, Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the east, People's Republic of China in the south, and Zabaykalsky...

     Mainline (railway)
  • BBK Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal, White Sea-Baltic Canal
    White Sea-Baltic Canal
    The White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal , often abbreviated to White Sea Canal is a ship canal in Russia opened on 2 August 1933. It connects the White Sea with Lake Onega, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea. Until 1961, its original name was the Stalin White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal...

  • ITL -- "Ispravitelno-trudovoi lager'", or, literally, "corrective labor camp".
  • LO -- "Lesoobyedinenie", Logging
    Logging
    Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks.In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard...

     works complex
  • CW—Construction Works
  • CS—Construction Site
  • Dalstroy
    Dalstroy
    Dalstroy , also known as Far North Construction Trust, was an organization set up in 1931 by the Soviet NKVD in order to manage road construction and the mining of gold in the Chukotka region of the Russian Far East, now known as Kolyma. Initially it was established as State Trust for Road and...

    -- Far East
    Russian Far East
    Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...

     regional CW directorate
  • Yeniseystroy -- Yenisei River
    Yenisei River
    Yenisei , also written as Yenisey, is the largest river system flowing to the Arctic Ocean. It is the central of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean...

     basin regional CW directorate
  • SMU -- "stroitelno-montazhnoe upravlenie", Administration of construction and installation works
  • NKVD
    NKVD
    The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Joseph Stalin....

     -- literally, the People's Commisariat of Internal Affairs
  • MVD -- literally, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
  • UVD -- literally, the Administration of Internal Affairs, subordinated to GUVD
  • GUVD -- literally, the Main Administration of Internal Affairs, renamed MVD
  • PL -- to mark sites that also detained Polish nationals
  • TMFM—Traitor of Motherland Family Member (Russian: ЧСИР: член семьи изменника Родины), a category of repressed designated for the family members of the person who was recognized as the Traitor of Motherland; some camps were specifically designated to this category.

GULAG

  • GULAG
    Gulag
    The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of...

    -- "Glavnoe Upravlenie Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerej", or The Chief Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps
  • BAMLag, Directorate of BAM
    Bamlag
    Baikal Amur Corrective Labor Camp was a subdivision of GULAG which existed during 1932-1948. Its administration, headed by Naftaly Frenkel , was headquartered in the settlement of Svobodny, Amur Oblast. Its main activity was construction of the Baikal Amur Mainline and secondary railroad...

     camps
  • BBLag, Directorate of White Sea-Baltic Canal
    White Sea-Baltic Canal
    The White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal , often abbreviated to White Sea Canal is a ship canal in Russia opened on 2 August 1933. It connects the White Sea with Lake Onega, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea. Until 1961, its original name was the Stalin White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal...

     camps, refer to previously mentioned BBK
  • GULGMP -- Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerej (GUL) Gornopererabatyvayushchey i Metallurgicheckoy Promyshlennosti, Chief Directorate of Camps in Mining and Metallurgical Industry
  • GULLP -- GUL Lesnoj i Lesopererabatyvayushchey Promyshlennosti, Chief Directorate of Forestry and Wood Processing Industry
  • GULTP -- GUL Tyazholoy Promyshlennosti, Chief Directorate of Camps in Heavy Industry
  • GULZhDS -- "GUL Zheleznodorozhnogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of Railway CW
  • GUSHOSDOR,GULShosDor. GULShDOR -- "GUL Shosseynykh dorog", Chief Directorate of Camps in Highway CW
  • Sevvostlag
    Sevvostlag
    Sevvostlag was a system of forced labor camps set up to satisfy the workforce requirements of the Dalstroy construction trust in the Kolyma region in April 1932. Organizationally being part of Dalstroy and under the management of the Labor and Defence Council of Sovnarkom, these camps were...

    or SVITL (severo-vostochnye lagerya) -- Directorate of North-Eastern Camps, until 1939 was an independent system of labor camps outside of the main administration of camps, GULAG
    Gulag
    The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of...

    .
  • USLON, Upravlenie Severnykh Lagerey Osobogo Naznacheniya, Directorate of Northern Special-Significance Camps
    • a.k.a. USKMITL - Upravlenie Solovetskogo and Karelo-Murmanskikh ITL, Directorate of Solovki and Karelia
      Karelia
      Karelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...

      -Murmansk
      Murmansk
      Murmansk is a city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It serves as a seaport and is located in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russia's borders with Norway and Finland...

       Camps
    • SLON, Solovetski Lager Osobogo Naznachenia, Solovki Camp of Special Significance.

Construction works

  • Administration of corrective labor camps of "Apatit" industrial complex.
  • General Administration of Petroleum Refinery and Synthetic Fuels Construction of MVD
  • (PL) ITLs servicing CSs ## 6, 16, 18, 90, 100, 105, 106, 108, 141, 159, 211, 213, 247, 258, 263, 304, 313, 442, 447, 462, 496, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 513, 514, 514, 560, 565, 585, 600, 601, 620, 665, 770, 790, 791, 833, 855, 859, 865, 880, 915, 882, 883, 885, 994, 896, 907, 940 (PL)
  • (PL) ITLs servicing GUShosDor CSs ## 1—8, 19 (PL)
  • (PL) ITLs servicing SMU ## 41—53 (PL)
  • Krasnoyarsk
    Krasnoyarsk
    Krasnoyarsk is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third largest city in Siberia, with the population of 973,891. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of...

     CS and ITL of Yeniseystroy (PL)
  • ITL of Special CSs for Cellulose-Paper enterprises of Karelo-Finnish SSR
    Karelo-Finnish SSR
    The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic was a short-lived republic that was a part of the former Soviet Union. The republic existed from 1940 until it was merged back into the Russian SFSR in 1956 ....

     (PL)
  • ITL of CS for Arkhangelsk
    Arkhangelsk
    Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...

     Cellulose-Paper Complex (PL)
  • ITL od CSs for hydroelectric power plants on the Buya River (PL)
  • ITL od CSs for Vladimir hydroelectric power plant (PL)
  • ITL for CSs ##1, 2, 3 of Bashkiria
    Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
    The Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the former Soviet Union. Currently it is known as Bashkortostan....

    n Petroleum Plants Special CW (Bashspecneftestroy) (PL)
  • ITL for CSs ##1, 2, 3 of Tatarstan
    Tatarstan
    The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan, which is one of Russia's largest and most prosperous cities. The republic borders with Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, and with the Mari El, Udmurt,...

     Petroleum Plants Special CW (Tatspecneftestroy) (PL)
  • ITL for CS of the Kazan
    Kazan
    Kazan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,546 , it is the eighth most populous city in Russia. Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the...

     petroleum refinery
  • ITL for CSs of hydroelectric power plants on the upper Oka River
    Oka River
    Oka is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir, and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga. Its length exceeds...

     (PL)
  • ITL for CSs of Transcaucasian metallurgical enterprises (PL)
  • ITL for CSs of Znamienitaya dam and sluice (PL)
  • ITL for CSs of Volga-Don canal (PL)
  • ITL for CSs of Krasnoyarsk
    Krasnoyarsk
    Krasnoyarsk is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third largest city in Siberia, with the population of 973,891. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of...

    -Yeniseysk
    Yeniseysk
    Yeniseysk is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. Population: 20,000 .Yeniseysk was founded in 1619 as a stockaded town—the first town on the Yenisei River. It played an important role in Russian colonization of East Siberia in the 17th–18th centuries...

     railway (PL)
  • ITL for CSs of Karaganda
    Karaganda
    Karagandy , more commonly known by its Russian name Karaganda, , is the capital of Karagandy Province in Kazakhstan. It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty , Astana and Shymkent, with a population of 471,800 . In the 1940s up to 70% of the city's inhabitants were ethnic...

     basin open-cast coal mines (PL)
  • Taishet Construction Works

Not figured out yet

  • Alluvajsky CS and ITL (PL)
  • Jensky CS and ITL (PL)
  • Matkozensky CS and ITL (PL)
  • Yanstroy ITL of Dalstroy (PL)


184) ITL i Budowa Górnosamgorskiego Systemu Irygacyjnego,

194) ITL i Budowa Mstyjskich GES,((?)Mstizhi ({?} Mstizh)

155) ITŁ Budowy Kombinatu nr 11,

156) ITŁ Budowy Kopalń Rudy Żelaza,

157) ITŁ Budowy Przedsiębiorstw Górniczo-Metalurgicznych,

158) ITŁ Budowy Przystani Południowej,

159) ITŁ Budowy Specjalnej,

139) ITŁ Budownictwa Przemysłowego i Mieszkaniowego,

161) ITŁ Budowy Usolskich Zakładów Sprzętu Górniczego,

164) ITŁ i 10 Budowa Polowa NKWD,

182) ITŁ i Budowa Borownickiej GES,

188) ITŁ i Budowa Kombinatu Aktowrackiego,

189) ITŁ i Budowa Kombinatu nr 7,

190) ITŁ i Budowa Kopalni Rudy,

191) ITŁ i Budowa Kopalni Węgla,

201) ITŁ i Budowa Rejonu Specjalnego,

133) ITŁ i Budowa nr 4 Baszspiecnieftiestroju,

134) ITŁ i Budowa Zakładu nr 8 NKW,

135) ITŁ i Ekspedycja Poszukująca Ropy Naftowej,

136) ITŁ "DS" Jenisejstroju,

137) ITŁ Biełomorstroju,

138) ITŁ Bierieloskiego Rejonowego Zarządu Poszukiwań Geologicznych Dalstroju,

162) ITŁ Dmitrowskich Zakładów Mechanicznych,

163) ITŁ Ekspedycji Geologiczno-Poszukiwawczej,

208) ITŁ Jańskiego Zarządu Górniczo-Przemysłowego,

209) ITŁ Kołymsko-Indygirskiej Żeglugi Rzecznej Dalstroju,

210) ITŁ Kombinatu nr 6,

211) ITŁ Kombinatu nr 9,

212) ITŁ Krasnojarskiego Zakładu Afinacji,

213) ITŁ nr 17 GUSZOSDOR-u,

214) ITŁ przy Budowie Karagandażyłstroju,

215) ITŁ przy Budowie Specjalnej 881,

216) ITŁ przy Oboronstroju,

217) ITŁ przy Uglickich Zakładach Konstrukcji Mostowych nr 4 GUSZOSDOR-u,

218) ITŁ przy Zarządzie Budowy Dyrekcji Kopalń Rudy nr 10,

219) ITŁ Rudbakalstroju,

232) ITŁ Transportu Samochodowego Dalstroju,

233) ITŁ Usolgidroles,

234) ITŁ Zarządu Dróg Bitych Dalstroju,

235) ITŁ Zarządu Gospodarstw Pomocniczych Dalstroju,

A

  • Akhtuba ITL,
  • Akhunlag,
  • Akmolinsk camp of wives of traitors of the Motherland (АЛЖИР, Акмолинский лагерь жён изменников Родины), an example of a morose Gulag wordplay: Алжир is Algeria
    Algeria
    Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...

     (in Siberia
    Siberia
    Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...

    ...)
  • Aktiubinsk ITL,
  • Aldan
    Aldan, Russia
    Aldan is a gold-mining town and the administrative center of Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. Population: -Geography:Aldan is situated in the Aldan highlands, about south of the republic's capital of Yakutsk in the Aldan River basin, on the stream Orto-Sala near its mouth in the...

     ITL of Dalstroy
    Dalstroy
    Dalstroy , also known as Far North Construction Trust, was an organization set up in 1931 by the Soviet NKVD in order to manage road construction and the mining of gold in the Chukotka region of the Russian Far East, now known as Kolyma. Initially it was established as State Trust for Road and...

    ,
  • Aldan
    Aldan, Russia
    Aldan is a gold-mining town and the administrative center of Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. Population: -Geography:Aldan is situated in the Aldan highlands, about south of the republic's capital of Yakutsk in the Aldan River basin, on the stream Orto-Sala near its mouth in the...

     ITL,
  • Altay
    Altai Republic
    Altai Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the town of Gorno-Altaysk. The area of the republic is . Population: -Geography:...

     ITL,
  • Amgun ITL,
  • Amur
    Amur Oblast
    Amur Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , situated about east of Moscow on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers. It shares its border with the Sakha Republic in the north, Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the east, People's Republic of China in the south, and Zabaykalsky...

     ITL,
  • Amur railway ITL,
  • Lower Amur
    Amur Oblast
    Amur Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , situated about east of Moscow on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers. It shares its border with the Sakha Republic in the north, Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the east, People's Republic of China in the south, and Zabaykalsky...

     ITL
  • Angara
    Angara
    The Angara River is a long river in Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai, south-east Siberia, Russia. It is the only river flowing out of Lake Baikal, and is the headwater tributary of the Yenisei River....

     ITL,
  • Angninsk ITL,
  • Arkhangelsk
    Arkhangelsk
    Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...

     ITL,
  • Astrachan ITL,
  • Azov
    Azov
    -External links:** *...

     ITL,
  • Azov
    Azov
    -External links:** *...

     LO

B

  • Bamlag
    Bamlag
    Baikal Amur Corrective Labor Camp was a subdivision of GULAG which existed during 1932-1948. Its administration, headed by Naftaly Frenkel , was headquartered in the settlement of Svobodny, Amur Oblast. Its main activity was construction of the Baikal Amur Mainline and secondary railroad...

    ,
  • Belomorsko-Baltiisky ITL,
  • BBK (White Sea-Baltic Canal
    White Sea-Baltic Canal
    The White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal , often abbreviated to White Sea Canal is a ship canal in Russia opened on 2 August 1933. It connects the White Sea with Lake Onega, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea. Until 1961, its original name was the Stalin White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal...

    ) ITLs
  • Balagansk LO
  • Belogorsk ITL
  • Belorechensk
    Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai
    Belorechensk is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, on the Belaya River, from which it takes its name. Population: It was established as a Cossack settlement in 1863. Town status was granted to it in 1958. During the Soviet era, a corrective labor camp was located here.-External links:*...

     ITL
  • Belozersk
    Belozersk
    Belozersk , known as Beloozero until 1777 , is a town and the administrative center of Belozersky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, situated on the southern bank of Lake Beloye, from which it takes the name...

     LO
  • Bereznikovo ITL
  • Beskudnikovo Special LO
  • Birsk
    Birsk
    Birsk is a town the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River, from Ufa. It serves as the administrative center of Birsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it...

     ITL
  • Bodaybo
    Bodaybo
    Bodaybo is a town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Vitim River at its confluence with the Bodaybo River. Population: 12,800 ....

     ITL
  • Bogoslovsk ITL
  • Bratsk
    Bratsk
    Bratsk is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir. Population: Although the name sounds like the Russian word for 'brother' , it actually comes from 'bratskiye lyudi', an old name for the Buryats.-History:The first Europeans in the area arrived...

     ITL
  • Buchenwald called as the Special camp No 2, the part of GULAG 1948-1950, turned to GDR by Kruglov
  • Bukachacha ITL
  • Bureya ITL
  • Butugichag
    Butugichag
    Butugichag Corrective Labor Camp was a part of the bigger Tenlag, a subdivision of GULAG. The camp existed during 1945-1955 in the Kolyma region of North-Eastern Russia . The camp is mostly known for its deadly uranium mines It is mentioned by some Russian historians such as Jores and Roy Medvedevs...

    , Uranium
    Uranium mining
    Uranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground. The worldwide production of uranium in 2009 amounted to 50,572 tonnes, of which 27% was mined in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia are the top three producers and together account for 63% of world uranium...

     mine
    Mining
    Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...

     and Special ITL (Magadan Oblast), headed by Dalstroy
    Dalstroy
    Dalstroy , also known as Far North Construction Trust, was an organization set up in 1931 by the Soviet NKVD in order to manage road construction and the mining of gold in the Chukotka region of the Russian Far East, now known as Kolyma. Initially it was established as State Trust for Road and...

    , later, at closing, Sevvostlag
    Sevvostlag
    Sevvostlag was a system of forced labor camps set up to satisfy the workforce requirements of the Dalstroy construction trust in the Kolyma region in April 1932. Organizationally being part of Dalstroy and under the management of the Labor and Defence Council of Sovnarkom, these camps were...

    . Coordinates: 61 18'05.65" N 149 02'53.34" E

Not figured out yet

  • Baydar
    Baydar, (Bayramlı, Shamkir)
    Baydar city ruins Bayramli village XI-XII. Bayramlı is a village and municipality in the Shamkir Rayon of Azerbaijan....

     ITL
  • Bakal
    Bakal
    Bakal is a town in Satkinsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the western slopes of the Ural Mountains west from Chelyabinsk, on the Chelyabinsk–Ufa railroad branch...

     ITL
  • Bakov ITL
  • Baleya ITL
  • Balachlag
  • Barashevo ITL and Industrial Complex of GULAG,
  • Bazen ITL
  • Byelokorovitsy camp of the OITK NKVD
    NKVD
    The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Joseph Stalin....

     of BSSR
  • Bereza ITL
  • Bereza ITL of Northern direcorate of GULZDS
  • Bezymianski ITL,
  • Bobrov
    Bobrov, Russia
    Bobrov is a town and the administrative center of Bobrovsky District in central Voronezh Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Bityug River, southeast of Voronezh. Population:...

     LO
  • Bor
    Bor
    Bor may refer to:* Matej Bor, the pen name of the Slovene poet Vladimir Pavšič *Bor , a location in Afghanistan*Bor , a town in Plzeň Region , Czech Republic...

     ITL
  • Beregovoi Camp,
  • Buriepolomsk ITL

C

  • Chapayevsk
    Chapayevsk
    Chapayevsk is a town in Samara Oblast, Russia, located from the city of Samara, on the right bank of the Chapayevka River . Population:...

     ITL
  • Chauny
    Chauny
    Chauny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France.-Geography:Built on the banks of the Oise and the Saint-Quentin canal, the town still retains its port to this day...

     ITL of Dalstroy,
  • Cheboksary
    Cheboksary
    -Twin towns/sister cities:Cheboksary is twinned with: Eger in Hungary Antalya in Turkey Santa Clara in CubaAlso Partnerships are shown with: Rundu in Namibia -External links:****...

     ITL
  • Chelyabinsk
    Chelyabinsk
    Chelyabinsk is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northwestern side of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River. Population: -History:...

     ITL
  • Cherepovets
    Cherepovets
    Cherepovets is the largest city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Sheksna River, a tributary of the Volga River. Population: 311,869 ; It is served by Cherepovets Airport.-Location:...

     ITL
  • Chernogorsk
    Chernogorsk
    Chernogorsk is a town in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia. Population: During the Soviet era, a "corrective labor camp" was located here....

     ITL
  • Chernogorsk
    Chernogorsk
    Chernogorsk is a town in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia. Population: During the Soviet era, a "corrective labor camp" was located here....

     Special ITL
  • Chernoistochensk ITL
  • Chukotka
    Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    Chukotka Autonomous Okrug , or Chukotka , is a federal subject of Russia located in the Russian Far East.Chukotka has a population of 53,824 according to the 2002 Census, and a surface area of . The principal town and the administrative center is Anadyr...

     ITL of Dalstroy

D

  • Dzhezkazgan
    Dzhezkazgan
    Jezkazgan or Zhezkazgan , formerly known as Dzhezkazgan , is a city in Karagandy Province, Kazakhstan, on a reservoir of the Kara-Kengir River. The city population is of 90,000...

     ITL
  • Donlag (Don)
  • Lower Don ITL
  • Dubogorsk ITL
  • Dzhugdzhur ITL (Джугджур)
  • Дмитровлаг

Not figured out yet

  • Daleki Camp
  • Drogowy ITL of Dalstroy
  • Dubrawny ITL,
  • Dzydynski ITL,

G

  • Gagarin ITL
  • Gdov
    Gdov
    Gdov is a town and the administrative center of Gdovsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Gdovka River, just from its outflow into Lake Peipus. Population:...

     ITL
  • Glazov
    Glazov
    Glazov is a town located in the north of the Udmurt Republic, Russia along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population: It was founded in the 16th century as a village; town status was granted to it in 1780. Olga Knipper, wife of the famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov, was born in Glazov. During the...

     ITL
  • Glazov LO
  • Guryev ITL
  • Gusinoozersk ITL
  • Upper Izhma
    Sosnogorsk
    Sosnogorsk is a town in the Komi Republic, Russia, located on the Izhma River. Population: Municipally, it is incorporated as Sosnogorsk Municipal District ....

     ITL
  • Mountain Shoriya ITL (Горная Шория)

I

  • Ilim Special ITL
  • Indigirka ITL of Dalstroy
  • Inta
    Inta
    Inta is a town in the Komi Republic, Russia. During the Soviet era a "corrective labor camp" was located here. Population: It is served by Inta Airport....

     ITL
  • Inza- Syzran
    Syzran
    Syzran is the third largest city in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of Saratov Reservoir of the Volga River. Population: It was founded in 1683 as a fortress, and was granted town status in 1796. One tower from the 17th-century fortress still stands...

     ITL

Not figured out yet

  • Ozyorny Camp


236) Iwdielski ITŁ,

237) Jagriński ITŁ i Budowa 203,

238) Jański Zarząd Górniczo-Przemysłowy i ITŁ Dalstroju,

K

  • Khabarovsk
    Khabarovsk
    Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...

     ITL
  • Khakassia
    Khakassia
    The Republic of Khakassia or Khakasiya is a federal subject of Russia located in south-central Siberia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic...

     ITL
  • Khakassia
    Khakassia
    The Republic of Khakassia or Khakasiya is a federal subject of Russia located in south-central Siberia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic...

     LO
  • Khimki
    Khimki
    Khimki is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated just northwest of Moscow, at the west bank of the Moscow Canal. Population: 207,125 ; 141,000 ; 106,000 ; 23,000 .-History:...

     ITL
  • Kengir
    Kengir
    Kengir is a village in central Kazakhstan. During the Soviet era, a prison labor camp of Steplag division of Gulag in Kazakhstan was set up adjacent to it...



244) Kamieński ITŁ,

245) Kamyszowy Łagier,

246) Kandałakszyński ITŁ,
  • Карлаг
    Karlag
    Karlag was one of the largest Gulag labor camps, located in Karaganda Oblast , Kazakh SSR, USSR. About 800,000 inmates served in total in Karlag over its history....

     ITL Karaganda ITL,


248) Karakumski ITŁ,

249) Kargopolski ITŁ,

250) Kaspijski ITŁ,

251) Kazłag,

252) Kemerowożyłstroj i ITŁ,

253) Kimpiersajski ITŁ,

254) Kitojski ITŁ,

255) Kiziełowski ITŁ,

256) Kluczewski ITŁ,

257) Koczkarskie ŁO,

258) Kokszyński ITŁ,

259) Kolski ITŁ i Budowa Specjalna 33,

260) Kosłański ITŁ,

261) Koświński ITŁ,

262) Kotłaski Punkt Przesyłowo-Przeładunkowy GUŁAG-u,

263) Kotłaski Rolniczy ITŁ,

264) Kotłaskie Rolnicze ŁO,

265) Kowrowski ITŁ,

266) Krasnogorski ITŁ,

267) Krasnojarski ITŁ,

268) Krasnojarski Zarząd Budowy Specjalnej i ITŁ p/ja 138,

269) Kułojski ITŁ,

270) Kuniejewski ITŁ,

271) Kurjanowski ITŁ,

272) Kusjiński ITŁ,

273) Kuzbaski ITŁ,

274) Kuzniecki ITŁ,

L

275) Likowski ITŁ i Budowa 204,

276) Łąkowy Łagier,

277) ŁO Dolnoindygirskiego Rejonowego Zarządu Poszukiwań Geologicznych Dalstroju,

278) ŁO przy Sowchozie "Sacca i Vanzettiego",

279) ŁO Szpitala Centralnego Dalstroju,

280) ŁO Zakładów Woroszyłowskich,

281) Łobwiński ITŁ,

282) Łokczimski ITŁ,

283) Łużański ITŁ i Budowa 200,

284) Łysogorskie ŁO,

M

285) Magadański ITŁ Dalstroju, Magadan ITL Dalstroy

286) Majkaińskie ŁO,

287) Makarowskie ŁO,

288) Markowski ITŁ,

289) Martynowski ITŁ,

290) Maryjski ITŁ,

291) Miechrieński ITŁ,

292) Miedwieżjegorski Inwalidzki ITŁ,

293) Miejskie ŁO,

294) Mineralny ITŁ,

295) Miniejewskie ŁO ChOZU MWD,

296) Minusińskie ŁO SGU,

297) Mołotowski ITŁ,

298) Monczegorski ITŁ i Budowa Kombinatu "Siewieronikiel",

299) Moskiewski ITŁ Eksploatacji Lasów,

300) Moskiewski Węglowy ITŁ,

301) Mostowski ITŁ,

N

302) Nadkaspijski ITŁ i Budowa 107,

303) Nadmorski ITŁ,

304) Nadmorski ITŁ Dalstroju,

305) Nadmorski Kolejowy ITŁ i Budowa 206,

306) Nadmorski Rejon Dalstroju,

307) Nadwołżański ITŁ,

308) Niebitdaski ITŁ,

309) Nieftiestrojłag,

310) Niemnyrski ITŁ,

311) Nierczyński ITŁ,

312) Nierczyńskie Rolnicze ŁO,

313) Nikołajewski ITŁ,

314) Nogiński ITŁ,

315) Norylski ITŁ,

316) Nowokamieński ITŁ,

317) Nowotambowski ITŁ,

318) Nyrobski ITŁ,

O

319) Obóz Specjalny nr 11,

320) Obski ITŁ,

321) Obski ITŁ i Budowa 501,

322) Olchowski Inwalidzki ITŁ,

323) OŁP Budowy nr 1 GUŁAG-u NKWD,

324) Omski ITŁ,

325) Omski ITŁ i Budowa 166,

326) Omsukczański ITŁ Dalstroju,

Onega-lag

327) Oneski ITŁ,

328) Opocki ITŁ,

329) Orłowski ITŁ,

330) Ostrowski ITŁ,

P

331) Panińskie ŁO,

332) Pawłodarski ITŁ,

333) Peczorski ITŁ,

334) Piaskowy ITŁ,

335) Podgorny ITŁ,

336) Podleśne ŁO,

337) Polański ITŁ,

338) Polarny ITŁ,

339) Południowokuzbaski ITŁ,

340) Południowo-Wschodni ITŁ,

341) Południowo-Zachodni ITŁ Dalstroju,

342) Południowo-Zachodni Zarząd Górniczo-Przemysłowy i ITŁ Jenisejstroju,

343) Południowy ITŁ,

344) Południowy ITŁ przy Budowie 505 GUŁZDS,

345) Ponyski ITŁ,

346) Północnodwiński ITŁ,

347) Północnokuzbaski ITŁ,

348) Północnopeczorski ITŁ,

349) Północnouralski ITŁ,

350) Północno-Wschodni ITŁ,

351) Północny ITŁ Dalstroju,

352) Północny Kolejowy ITŁ,

353) Północny Zarząd ITŁ i Budowy 503,

354) Prorwiński ITŁ,

355) Przełęczowy ITŁ,

356) Pudoskie ŁO,

357) Pudożgorski ITŁ,

R

358) Rajczyski ITŁ,

359) Rybiński ITŁ,

360) Rzeczny Łagier,

S

361) Sachaliński ITŁ,

362) Samarski ITŁ,

363) Sarański ITŁ,

364) Saratowski ITŁ,

365) Selengijski ITŁ,

Shozhemski ITŁ in village Shozhma
Shozhma
Shozhma is a village in Russia in Arkhangelsk Oblast. It was founded as a railway station during the building of the railway from Vologda to Arkhangelsk at the end of 19th century...



366) Siegieski ITŁ,

367) Solikamski Inwalidzki ITŁ,

368) Solikamski ITŁ,

369) Sorocki ITŁ,

370) Sosnowski ITŁ,

371) Sriedniebielski ITŁ,

372) Stalingradzki ITŁ,

373) Starosielskie ŁO,

374) Stepowy ITŁ,

375) Stiepniackie ŁO,

376) Suchodolski ITŁ,

377) Swijaskie ŁO,

378) Swobodzieński ITŁ,

379) Syberyjski ITŁ,

380) Szachtyński ITŁ,

381) Szczugorski ITŁ,

382) Szeksniński ITŁ GUŁGTS,

383) Szeksniński ITŁ MWD,

384) SZOSDORŁAG,

385) Szyrokowski ITŁ,

386) Środkowoazjatycki ITŁ,

T

  • Tsymlansk ITL,


387) Tachtamygdyńskie ŁO,

388) Tagilski ITŁ,

389) Tajgowy ITŁ,

390) Tajgowy Zarząd Górniczo-Przemysłowy i ITŁ Jenisejstroju,

391) Tajszecki ITŁ GUŁAG-u,

392) Tajszecki ITŁ GUŁŻDS,

393) Tajszecki ITŁ UITŁK UNKWD Obwodu Irkuckiego,

394) Tasicjewski ITŁ,

395) Tawdyjski ITŁ,

396) Tichwiński ITŁ,

397) Tiemnikowski ITŁ,

398) Tieńkiński ITŁ Dalstroju,

399) Tomski ITŁ,

400) Tomsko-Asiński ITŁ,

401) Tom-Usyjski ITŁ,

402) Tranzytowe ŁO Dalstroju,

403) Tugaczyński ITŁ,

404) Tuimski Zarząd Górniczo-Przemysłowy i ITŁ Jenisejstroju,

405) Tujmazyński ITŁ,

406) Tyrnyauski Kombinat i ITŁ,

U

  • Ukhta
    Ukhta
    Ukhta is an important industrial town in the Komi Republic of Russia. Population: Oil springs along the Ukhta River were already known in the 17th century. In the mid-19th century, industrialist M. K. Sidorov started to drill for oil in this area. It was one of the first oil wells in...

    -Izhma
    Sosnogorsk
    Sosnogorsk is a town in the Komi Republic, Russia, located on the Izhma River. Population: Municipally, it is incorporated as Sosnogorsk Municipal District ....

     ITL


408) Uleński Zarząd Górniczo-Przemysłowy i ITŁ,

409) Ulminski ITL|Ulmiński ITŁ,

410) Umaltynski ITL|Umaltyński ITŁ,

411) Unzenski ITL|Unżeński ITŁ,

412) Urgalski ITL i Budowa GULZDS|Urgalski ITŁ i Budowa GUŁŻDS,
  • Usolsk  ITL
  • Ust-Kut
    Ust-Kut
    Ust-Kut is a town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Located on a western loop of the Lena River, it spreads out over along the left bank, near the point where the Kuta River joins from the west. The town's name means 'mouth of the river Kuta' in Russian, with the name Kuta coming from an Evenk word...

     ITL
  • Ust-Vym ITL
  • Vanino
    Vanino, Khabarovsk Krai
    Vanino is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Vaninsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is an important port on the Strait of Tartary , served by the BAM railway line...

     ITL of Dalstroi
  • Varnavino ITL
  • Varnek on Vaygach Island
    Vaygach Island
    Vaygach Island is an island in the Arctic Sea between the Pechora Sea and the Kara Sea.Vaygach Island is separated from the Yugorsky Peninsula in the mainland by the Yugorsky Strait and from Novaya Zemlya by the Kara Strait...

  • Vyatka
    Kirov, Kirov Oblast
    Kirov , formerly known as Vyatka and Khlynov, is a city in northeastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast. Population: -History:...

     ITL


422) Wiartsilski ITL|Wiartsilski ITŁ,
  • Viazma ITL
  • Vershina-Darasun ITL
  • Vishera ITL
  • Vladivostok
    Vladivostok
    The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m...

     ITL
  • Vladivostok Transit Site of Dalstroy
  • Volga watershed ITL
  • Volga ITL of hydrosystem construction
  • Lower Volga ITL
  • Volgobalt ITL
  • Vorkuta
    Vorkuta
    Vorkuta is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa River. Population: - Labor camp origins :...

     ITL
  • Voronino ITL
  • Eastern Railroad ITL
  • Eastern Administration of Lead Mining and ITL of Dalstroy
  • Eastern Urals ITL
  • Vytegra ITL
  • Eastern ITL of Dalstroy

  • Yenisey ITL
  • Yermakovskoye LO (Ермаковское, Krasnoyarsk Krai
    Krasnoyarsk Krai
    Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject of Russia . It is the second largest federal subject after the Sakha Republic, and Russia's largest krai, occupying an area of , which is 13% of the country's total territory. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Krasnoyarsk...

    )
  • Yugorsk
    Yugorsk
    Yugorsk is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, situated in the northwestern part of the East-West lowland, from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: Area: . Postal code: 628260. International dialing code: 34675....

     ITL (Khantia-Mansia
    Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
    Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug , also known as Yugra, is a federal subject of Russia . Population: The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people...

    )


443) Zaimandrowski ITL|Zaimandrowski ITŁ,
  • Trans Polar circle
    Polar circle
    A polar circle is either the Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle. On Earth, the Arctic Circle is located at a latitude of  N, and the Antarctic Circle is located at a latitude of  S....

     ITL
  • Zhygalov LO.

See also

  • Gulag
    Gulag
    The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of...

  • The Gulag Archipelago
    The Gulag Archipelago
    The Gulag Archipelago is a book by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn based on the Soviet forced labor and concentration camp system. The three-volume book is a narrative relying on eyewitness testimony and primary research material, as well as the author's own experiences as a prisoner in a gulag labor camp...

     (Архипелаг ГУЛАГ)
  • List of Polish Martyrology sites
  • List of concentration camps for Poles
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