Critics of the New Deal
Encyclopedia

From the Left

  • Carter Glass
    Carter Glass
    Carter Glass was a newspaper publisher and politician from Lynchburg, Virginia. He served many years in Congress as a member of the Democratic Party. As House co-sponsor, he played a central role in the development of the 1913 Glass-Owen Act that created the Federal Reserve System. Glass...

    , Senator from Virginia, came from his death bed to the 1940 Democratic Convention to nominate Franklin Roosevelt's campaign manager James Farley
    James Farley
    James Aloysius Farley was the first Irish Catholic politician in American history to achieve success on a national level, serving as Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee and as Postmaster General simultaneously under the first two...

     as the Democratic Party's candidate for the Presidency. Glass was against Roosevelt's third term candidacy.
  • William Lemke
    William Lemke
    William Frederick Lemke was a United States politician.-Life and career:He was born in Albany, Minnesota, and raised in Towner County, North Dakota, the son of Fred Lemke and Julia Anna Klier, pioneer farmers who had accumulated some of land...

    , North Dakota
    North Dakota
    North Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Canada to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th-largest state by area in the U.S....

     congressman, who ran a third-party Presidential campaign against Roosevelt in 1936 on the ad-hoc Union Party ticket. Lemke argued that the New Deal did not go far enough in redistributing wealth in the United States.
  • John L. Lewis
    John L. Lewis
    John Llewellyn Lewis was an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960...

    , leader of the powerful coal miners labor union and Congress of Industrial Organizations
    Congress of Industrial Organizations
    The Congress of Industrial Organizations, or CIO, proposed by John L. Lewis in 1932, was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 required union leaders to swear that they were not...

     (CIO); supported 1940 Republican Presidential candidate Wendell Willkie
    Wendell Willkie
    Wendell Lewis Willkie was a corporate lawyer in the United States and a dark horse who became the Republican Party nominee for the president in 1940. A member of the liberal wing of the GOP, he crusaded against those domestic policies of the New Deal that he thought were inefficient and...

     over Roosevelt in a power struggle with FDR for control of the Democratic Party.
  • Huey Long
    Huey Long
    Huey Pierce Long, Jr. , nicknamed The Kingfish, served as the 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928–1932 and as a U.S. Senator from 1932 to 1935. A Democrat, he was noted for his radical populist policies. Though a backer of Franklin D...

    , populist Democratic Governor and Senator from Louisiana
    Louisiana
    Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...

    . Long criticized the New Deal for not going far enough to redistribute wealth; Long proposed a more radical economic plan called Share Our Wealth
    Share Our Wealth
    Share Our Wealth was a movement begun during the Great Depression by Huey Long, a governor and later United States Senator from Louisiana.-Major provisions of "Share Our Wealth":The key planks of the Share Our Wealth platform included:...

    , in which all American citizens would not earn more than a million dollars a year or less than $4,000 a year. His slogan was "Every Man a King". Assassinated in 1935 by a political opponent.
  • Max Shachtman
    Max Shachtman
    Max Shachtman was an American Marxist theorist. He evolved from being an associate of Leon Trotsky to a social democrat and mentor of senior assistants to AFL-CIO President George Meany.-Beginnings:...

    , James Cannon
    James Cannon
    James Cannon may refer to:*James P. Cannon , American Communist and Trotskyist leader*James Cannon , Scottish-born mathematician who was one of the principal authors of Pennsylvania's 1776 Constitution...

     and their respective Workers Party and Socialist Workers Party, were or had been followers of Leon Trotsky
    Leon Trotsky
    Leon Trotsky , born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army....

     who argued that Roosevelt instituted these reforms in order to salvage capitalism (see entry for Howard Zinn, below), saw World War II as an imperialist war and the Communist Party's Popular Front as a class-collaborative betrayal.
  • Francis Townsend
    Francis Townsend
    Dr. Francis Everett Townsend was an American physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension proposal during the Great Depression. Known as the "Townsend Plan," this proposal influenced the establishment of the Roosevelt administration's Social Security system...

    , a retired California doctor who proposed a guaranteed income plan for senior citizens; his plan proved to be so popular that FDR adopted the Social Security Act to halt the growth of Townsend's movement.
  • Burton Wheeler, Democratic Senator from Montana; broke with Roosevelt in 1937 over his court packing plan; later opposed Roosevelt as an isolationist wanting to avoid involvement in World War II
    World War II
    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

    .
  • Howard Zinn
    Howard Zinn
    Howard Zinn was an American historian, academic, author, playwright, and social activist. Before and during his tenure as a political science professor at Boston University from 1964-88 he wrote more than 20 books, which included his best-selling and influential A People's History of the United...

    , historian at Columbia University
    Columbia University
    Columbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...

     whose book A People's History of the United States
    A People's History of the United States
    Chapter 7, "As Long As Grass Grows or Water Runs" discusses 19th century conflicts between the U.S. government and Native Americans and Indian removal, especially during the administrations of Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren....

    criticizes Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal for not going far enough to redistribute wealth in the U.S. during the Great Depression
    Great Depression
    The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...

    . Zinn argues that the New Deal was primarily concerned with saving American capitalism
    Capitalism
    Capitalism is an economic system that became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. There is no consensus on the precise definition nor on how the term should be used as a historical category...

    , and that it should have been more radical in nationalizing American industry and promoting economic socialism
    Socialism
    Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...

    . Other historians such as Eric Foner
    Eric Foner
    Eric Foner is an American historian. On the faculty of the Department of History at Columbia University since 1982, he writes extensively on political history, the history of freedom, the early history of the Republican Party, African American biography, Reconstruction, and historiography...

    , Michael Crossman and Alan Brinkley
    Alan Brinkley
    Alan Brinkley is the Allan Nevins Professor of History at Columbia University, where he was also Provost 2003–2009. He was denied tenure at Harvard University in 1986 despite being an award-winning teacher. He lives in New York City with his wife, Evangeline, daughter Elly, and dog Jessie...

     have made similar criticisms of the New Deal.

Politicians

  • John Nance Garner
    John Nance Garner
    John Nance Garner, IV , was the 32nd Vice President of the United States and the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives .- Early life and family :...

    , supported Roosevelt in 1932; elected vice president 1932 and 1936; broke with Roosevelt in 1937 over his court packing plan.
  • William Randolph Hearst
    William Randolph Hearst
    William Randolph Hearst was an American business magnate and leading newspaper publisher. Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887, after taking control of The San Francisco Examiner from his father...

    , former leader of left-wing of Democratic party; owned nation's largest newspaper chain; major supporter of Roosevelt in 1932, broke with Roosevelt in 1935 over Roosevelt's proposal to greatly increase taxes on the inheritance
    Inheritance
    Inheritance is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, rights and obligations upon the death of an individual. It has long played an important role in human societies...

    s of the wealthy, and to close several tax loopholes used by the wealthy to avoid paying taxes. Orson Welles
    Orson Welles
    George Orson Welles , best known as Orson Welles, was an American film director, actor, theatre director, screenwriter, and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television and radio...

    , a prominent New Dealer, responded with the film Citizen Kane
    Citizen Kane
    Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film, directed by and starring Orson Welles. Many critics consider it the greatest American film of all time, especially for its innovative cinematography, music and narrative structure. Citizen Kane was Welles' first feature film...

    (1941), a scathing critique of Hearst’s legacy and empire.
  • Hugh S. Johnson, first head of the National Recovery Administration
    National Recovery Administration
    The National Recovery Administration was the primary New Deal agency established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. The goal was to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices...

     see http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/johnson.html. Johnson fell out with Roosevelt after FDR fired him in 1935.
  • Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
    Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
    Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. was a prominent American businessman, investor, and government official....

    , Ambassador to Britain, leader of Irish-Americans and father of John Kennedy; broke with FDR in 1940 over Roosevelt's proposal to support Britain in its struggle with Nazi Germany. An isolationist, Kennedy believed that Britain would lose to Germany and that America should stay out of the conflict.
  • Charles Lindbergh
    Charles Lindbergh
    Charles Augustus Lindbergh was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.Lindbergh, a 25-year-old U.S...

    , pilot who became a national hero in 1927 when he was the first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean from America to France. Lindbergh became the national leader of the isolationist America First Committee
    America First Committee
    The America First Committee was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II. Peaking at 800,000 members, it was likely the largest anti-war organization in American history. Started in 1940, it became defunct after the attack on Pearl Harbor in...

     in 1940-41. He was attacked by New Dealers for his perceived anti-Semitism
    Anti-Semitism
    Antisemitism is suspicion of, hatred toward, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage. According to a 2005 U.S...

     and support for some Nazi policies.
  • George N. Peek
    George Peek
    George Nelson Peek was an American agricultural economist, business executive, and civil servant. He was the first Administrator of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the first President of the two banks that would become the Export-Import Bank of the United States.-Early life and...

    , farm leader; supported FDR in 1932
  • Al Smith
    Al Smith
    Alfred Emanuel Smith. , known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American statesman who was elected the 42nd Governor of New York three times, and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928...

    , Democratic nominee for U.S. president in 1928; founded American Liberty League
    American Liberty League
    The American Liberty League was an American political organization formed in 1934 by conservative Democrats to oppose the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was active for just two years...

     in 1934 to attack New Deal programs as fostering unnecessary "class conflict".
  • Rush D. Holt, Sr., Democratic West Virginia
    West Virginia
    West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east...

    n Senator; opposed FDR's domestic and foreign policies.
  • Robert Taft
    Robert Taft
    Robert Alphonso Taft , of the Taft political family of Cincinnati, was a Republican United States Senator and a prominent conservative statesman...

    , powerful Republican Senator from Ohio
    Ohio
    Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

     from 1939 to 1953. Taft was the leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing; he consistently denounced the New Deal as "socialism" and argued that it harmed America's business interests and gave ever-greater control to the central government in Washington. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Taft, a non-interventionist, vigorously opposed FDR's attempts to aid Britain in World War Two.
  • Barry Goldwater
    Barry Goldwater
    Barry Morris Goldwater was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. An articulate and charismatic figure during the first half of the 1960s, he was known as "Mr...

    , Republican 1964 presidential candidate; succeeded Taft as the leader of Republican conservatives in the 1950s. Goldwater consistently opposed the expansion of government welfare programs modeled after the New Deal; he criticized President Eisenhower for offering a "dime-store New Deal".
  • Ronald Reagan
    Ronald Reagan
    Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....

    , Hollywood film actor; strong New Dealer in 1940s; started opposing New Deal programs in the 1950s as a corporate spokesman for the General Electric
    General Electric
    General Electric Company , or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in Schenectady, New York and headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States...

     company.

Prewar critics who supported Roosevelt during World War II

  • Dean Acheson
    Dean Acheson
    Dean Gooderham Acheson was an American statesman and lawyer. As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War...

    , Treasury official in 1933; Assistant Secretary of State
    Secretary of State
    Secretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....

     1944
  • Lewis Douglas, Budget Director, 1933
  • Harry F. Byrd
    Harry F. Byrd
    Harry Flood Byrd, Sr. of Berryville in Clarke County, Virginia, was an American newspaper publisher, farmer and politician. He was a descendant of one of the First Families of Virginia...

    , Democratic Senator from Virginia
    Virginia
    The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

  • Carter Glass
    Carter Glass
    Carter Glass was a newspaper publisher and politician from Lynchburg, Virginia. He served many years in Congress as a member of the Democratic Party. As House co-sponsor, he played a central role in the development of the 1913 Glass-Owen Act that created the Federal Reserve System. Glass...

    , Democratic Senator from Virginia
    Virginia
    The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

  • Frank Knox
    Frank Knox
    -External links:...

     Republican Vice Presidential candidate in 1936; joined FDR cabinet as Secretary of the Navy
    United States Secretary of the Navy
    The Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America is the head of the Department of the Navy, a component organization of the Department of Defense...

    , 1940–44
  • Henry Stimson, Hoover's Secretary of State; joined FDR cabinet as Secretary of War
    United States Secretary of War
    The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation...

    , 1940–45
  • Wendell Willkie
    Wendell Willkie
    Wendell Lewis Willkie was a corporate lawyer in the United States and a dark horse who became the Republican Party nominee for the president in 1940. A member of the liberal wing of the GOP, he crusaded against those domestic policies of the New Deal that he thought were inefficient and...

    , Republican presidential candidate in 1940; supported FDR 1941-43

Writers and speakers

  • Maxwell Anderson
    Maxwell Anderson
    James Maxwell Anderson was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist and lyricist.-Early years:Anderson was born in Atlantic, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children to William Lincoln "Link" Anderson, a Baptist minister, and Charlotte Perrimela Stephenson, both of Scots and Irish descent...

    , Playwright, Jeffersonian anarchist, wrote Knickerbocker Holiday
    Knickerbocker Holiday
    Knickerbocker Holiday is a musical written by Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson ; it was directed by Joshua Logan. Among the songs introduced was the "September Song", now considered a pop standard.- History :...

     (with Kurt Weill
    Kurt Weill
    Kurt Julian Weill was a German-Jewish composer, active from the 1920s, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht...

    ) as a satire on the New Deal which compared Roosevelt to Hitler and Mussolini.
  • Charles A. Beard
    Charles A. Beard
    Charles Austin Beard was, with Frederick Jackson Turner, one of the most influential American historians of the first half of the 20th century. He published hundreds of monographs, textbooks and interpretive studies in both history and political science...

    , leading historian; supported New Deal but strongly opposed FDR's foreign policies
  • Charles Coughlin
    Charles Coughlin
    Father Charles Edward Coughlin was a controversial Roman Catholic priest at Royal Oak, Michigan's National Shrine of the Little Flower church. He was one of the first political leaders to use radio to reach a mass audience, as more than thirty million tuned to his weekly broadcasts during the...

    , Irish Catholic priest with huge radio audience; originally a Roosevelt supporter in 1932 but by 1935 was denouncing FDR as a tool of the capitalists
  • Elizabeth Dilling
    Elizabeth Dilling
    Elizabeth Dilling Stokes was an American anti-communist and later antisemitic social activist, as well as an anti-war campaigner and writer in the 1930s and '40s. She stood trial for sedition in what is now called the Great Sedition Trial of 1944.The author of four political books, Dilling...

    , anti-communist activist, author of The Roosevelt Red Record and Its Background (1936)
  • John Dos Passos
    John Dos Passos
    John Roderigo Dos Passos was an American novelist and artist.-Early life:Born in Chicago, Illinois, Dos Passos was the illegitimate son of John Randolph Dos Passos , a distinguished lawyer of Madeiran Portuguese descent, and Lucy Addison Sprigg Madison of Petersburg, Virginia. The elder Dos Passos...

    , novelist; formerly on the left
  • John T. Flynn
    John T. Flynn
    John Thomas Flynn was an American journalist best known for his opposition to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and to American entry into World War II.-Career:...

    , journalist, author of The Roosevelt Myth
  • Milton Friedman
    Milton Friedman
    Milton Friedman was an American economist, statistician, academic, and author who taught at the University of Chicago for more than three decades...

    , economist. A spokesman for the Treasury during World War II; he began criticizing the NRA and Hoover's Federal Reserve in 1950s
  • Robert Frost
    Robert Frost
    Robert Lee Frost was an American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. His work frequently employed settings from rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and...

     poet
  • Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett , born Edward Peter Garrett, was an American journalist and author who was noted for his criticisms of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War.-Overview:...

    , editorial writier for Saturday Evening Post
  • Robinson Jeffers
    Robinson Jeffers
    John Robinson Jeffers was an American poet, known for his work about the central California coast. Most of Jeffers' poetry was written in classic narrative and epic form, but today he is also known for his short verse, and considered an icon of the environmental movement.-Life:Jeffers was born in...

    , poet and playwright
  • Rose Wilder Lane
    Rose Wilder Lane
    Rose Wilder Lane was an American journalist, travel writer, novelist, and political theorist...

    , novelist and journalist
  • David Lawrence
    David Lawrence
    David Lawrence may refer to:*David Lawrence, pseudonym of English poet & TV scriptwriter David Harsent *David Lawrence , Canadian actor *David Lawrence , English cricketer...

    , magazine columnist
  • Walter Lippmann
    Walter Lippmann
    Walter Lippmann was an American intellectual, writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War...

     newspaper columnist and political philosopher
  • H.L. Mencken, American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, and satirist.
  • Raymond Moley
    Raymond Moley
    Raymond Charles Moley was a leading New Dealer who became its bitter opponent before the end of the Great Depression....

    , former top Brain Trust
    Brain Trust
    Brain trust began as a term for a group of close advisors to a political candidate or incumbent, prized for their expertise in particular fields. The term is most associated with the group of advisors to Franklin Roosevelt during his presidential administration...

    er
  • Albert Jay Nock
    Albert Jay Nock
    Albert Jay Nock was an influential United States libertarian author, educational theorist, and social critic of the early and middle 20th century.- Life and work :...

    , libertarian
    Libertarianism
    Libertarianism, in the strictest sense, is the political philosophy that holds individual liberty as the basic moral principle of society. In the broadest sense, it is any political philosophy which approximates this view...

     author and social critic
  • Isabel Paterson
    Isabel Paterson
    Isabel Paterson was a Canadian-American journalist, novelist, political philosopher, and a leading literary critic of her day. Along with Rose Wilder Lane and Ayn Rand, who both acknowledged an intellectual debt to Paterson, she is one of the three founding mothers of American libertarianism...

    , libertarian author
  • Westbrook Pegler
    Westbrook Pegler
    Francis James Westbrook Pegler was an American journalist and writer. He was a popular columnist in the 1930s and 1940s famed for his opposition to the New Deal and labor unions. Pegler criticized every president from Herbert Hoover to FDR to Harry Truman to John F. Kennedy...

     newspaper columnist
  • Ezra Pound
    Ezra Pound
    Ezra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet and critic and a major figure in the early modernist movement in poetry...

    , American poet and expatriate
    Expatriate
    An expatriate is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing...

    ; radio broadcaster for Italian leader Benito Mussolini
    Benito Mussolini
    Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....

     in World War II
    World War II
    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

  • Ayn Rand
    Ayn Rand
    Ayn Rand was a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter. She is known for her two best-selling novels The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism....

     novelist, founder of Objectivism
    Objectivism (Ayn Rand)
    Objectivism is a philosophy created by the Russian-American philosopher and novelist Ayn Rand . Objectivism holds that reality exists independent of consciousness, that human beings have direct contact with reality through sense perception, that one can attain objective knowledge from perception...

     and one inspiration for libertarianism
    Libertarianism
    Libertarianism, in the strictest sense, is the political philosophy that holds individual liberty as the basic moral principle of society. In the broadest sense, it is any political philosophy which approximates this view...

    .
  • Gerald L.K. Smith, Huey Long second-in-command; took over SOWM after Long's death, went in pro-Nazi direction
  • Mark Sullivan
    Mark Sullivan
    Mark Sullivan may refer to:* Mark J. Sullivan, Director of the United States Secret Service, 2006-* Mark Sullivan, founder Snowboard Magazine* Mark Sullivan , justice on the New Jersey Supreme Court, 1973-1981...

    , newspaper columnist
  • DeWitt Wallace
    DeWitt Wallace
    DeWitt Wallace , also known as William Roy was a United States magazine publisher. He co-founded Reader's Digest with his wife Lila Wallace and published the first issue in 1922.Born in St...

    , journalist and publisher of Reader's Digest
    Reader's Digest
    Reader's Digest is a general interest family magazine, published ten times annually. Formerly based in Chappaqua, New York, its headquarters is now in New York City. It was founded in 1922, by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace...


Books with an anti-New Deal point of view

  • Elizabeth Dilling
    Elizabeth Dilling
    Elizabeth Dilling Stokes was an American anti-communist and later antisemitic social activist, as well as an anti-war campaigner and writer in the 1930s and '40s. She stood trial for sedition in what is now called the Great Sedition Trial of 1944.The author of four political books, Dilling...

    , The Roosevelt Red Record and Its Background (1936)
  • Herbert Hoover
    Herbert Hoover
    Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States . Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business...

    , Addresses Upon the American Road, 1933-1938 (1938)
  • Raymond Moley
    Raymond Moley
    Raymond Charles Moley was a leading New Dealer who became its bitter opponent before the end of the Great Depression....

    , After Seven Years (1939)
  • Herbert Hoover
    Herbert Hoover
    Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States . Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business...

    , Addresses Upon the American Road, 1940-1941 (1941)
  • John T. Flynn
    John T. Flynn
    John Thomas Flynn was an American journalist best known for his opposition to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and to American entry into World War II.-Career:...

    , The Roosevelt Myth (1948, revised 1952)
  • Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett , born Edward Peter Garrett, was an American journalist and author who was noted for his criticisms of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War.-Overview:...

    , The People's Pottage (1951, later republished as Burden of Empire and Ex America)
  • Murray Rothbard
    Murray Rothbard
    Murray Newton Rothbard was an American author and economist of the Austrian School who helped define capitalist libertarianism and popularized a form of free-market anarchism he termed "anarcho-capitalism." Rothbard wrote over twenty books and is considered a centrally important figure in the...

    , America's Great Depression
    America's Great Depression
    America's Great Depression is a 1963 treatise on the 1930s Great Depression and its root causes, written by Austrian School economist and author Murray Rothbard. The fifth edition was released in 2000.-Brief summary:...

    .
    (1963)
  • James J. Martin
    James J. Martin
    James J. Martin was an American historian. He was educated at the University of New Hampshire and the University of Michigan, earning a Ph.D. in history in 1949....

    , American Liberalism and World Politics, 1931-1941 (1964)
  • Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett , born Edward Peter Garrett, was an American journalist and author who was noted for his criticisms of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War.-Overview:...

    , Salvos Against the New Deal: Selections from the Saturday Evening Post, 1933-1940 (2002), edited by Bruce Ramsey
  • Thomas Fleming, The New Dealers' War: FDR and the War Within World War II (2002)
  • Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett
    Garet Garrett , born Edward Peter Garrett, was an American journalist and author who was noted for his criticisms of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War.-Overview:...

    , Defend America First: The Antiwar Editorials of the Saturday Evening Post, 1939-1942 (2003), edited by Bruce Ramsey
  • Jim Powell, FDR's Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression (2003)
  • Gene Smiley, Rethinking the Great Depression (2003)
  • Thomas Woods
    Thomas Woods
    Thomas E. "Tom" Woods, Jr. is an American historian, economist, political analyst, and New York Times-bestselling author. He has written extensively on the subjects of American history, contemporary politics, and economic theory...

    , The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History
    The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History
    The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History, by Thomas Woods, was published in December 2004. This book was the first in the Politically Incorrect Guide series published by Regnery Publishing, who view the series as covering topics without consideration for political correctness. The book...

    (2004)
  • Robert P. Murphy
    Robert P. Murphy
    Robert P. "Bob" Murphy is an Austrian School economist and anarcho-capitalist.-Education and personal life:Murphy completed his Bachelor of Arts in economics at Hillsdale College in 1998. He then moved back to his home state of New York to continue his studies at New York University. Murphy earned...

    , The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism
    The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism
    The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism, published in 2007 and authored by Austrian school economist Robert P. Murphy, is the ninth book in the popular libertarian series The Politically Incorrect Guides.Written as a result of a poll by P.I.G...

    (2007)
  • Amity Shlaes
    Amity Shlaes
    Amity Ruth Shlaes is an American author and columnist from New York, who writes about politics and economics.-Education and career:...

    , The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression (2007)
  • Jonah Goldberg
    Jonah Goldberg
    Jonah Jacob Goldberg is an American conservative syndicated columnist and author. Goldberg is known for his contributions on politics and culture to , of which he is editor-at-large...

    , Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning (2008)
  • Burton W. Folsom, Jr.
    Burton W. Folsom, Jr.
    Burton W. Folsom, Jr. is an American historian and author who holds the Charles F. Kline chair in history and management at Hillsdale College. He received his BA from Indiana University in 1970, his M.A. from the University of Nebraska in 1973, and his doctorate in history from the University of...

    , New Deal or Raw Deal?: How FDR's Economic Legacy Has Damaged America (2008)

Other references

  • Gary Dean Best; The Critical Press and the New Deal: The Press Versus Presidential Power, 1933-1938 Praeger Publishers 1993. online edition
  • Brinkley, Alan. Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, & the Great Depression (1983)
  • Graham, Otis L. and Meghan Robinson Wander, eds. Franklin D. Roosevelt: His Life and Times. (1985), an encyclopedia
  • Kennedy, David M. Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. (1999) the best recent scholarly narrative.
  • McCoy, Donald * R. Landon of Kansas (1966) standard scholarly biography
  • Paterson, James. Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert Taft (1972), standard biography
  • Ronald Radosh. Prophets on the Right: Profiles of conservative critics of American globalism (1978)
  • Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr., The Age of Roosevelt, 3 vols, (1957–1960), the classic pro-New Deal history, with details on critics. Online at vol 2 vol 3
  • Rudolf, Frederick. "The American Liberty League, 1934-1940," American Historical Review, LVI (October 1950), 19-33 online at JSTOR
  • Smith, Richard Norton. An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (1987) biography
  • White, Graham J. FDR and the Press. 1979.
  • Winfield, Betty Houchin. FDR and the News Media 1990
  • Williams, T. Harry. Huey Long (1969), Pulitzer Prize biography
  • Wolfskill, George. The Revolt of the Conservatives: A History of the American Liberty League, 1934-1940 (1962)
  • Anna Peterpants. Thesis Statement on the Depression-Era Programs (1951)
  • Brandon Streaker. The Man and the Deal (1964)
  • Carl McCarthy. The Great Wisconsin Brainwash (1954)

See also

  • Old Right (United States)
    Old Right (United States)
    The Old Right was a conservative faction in the United States that opposed both New Deal domestic programs and U.S. entry into World War II. Many members of this faction were associated with the Republicans of the interwar years led by Robert Taft, but some were Democrats...

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