Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative
Encyclopedia
The Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) is a strategy and list, maintained by the United States Department of Homeland Security, of foreign infrastructure which "if attacked or destroyed would critically impact the U.S." A copy of the 2008 list was redacted (removing details of names and locations) and leaked by WikiLeaks
on 5 December 2010 as part of the website's leak of US diplomatic cables
; no details on the exact location of the assets was included in the list. The list's release was met with strong criticism from the US and British governments, while media and other countries have reacted less strongly saying that the entries are not secret and easily identified.
, the CFDI was launched by the federal government "working in close coordination and cooperation with the private sector" in 2007 "to identify assets and systems located outside the United States, which, if disrupted or destroyed, would critically affect public health and safety, the economy, or national security. The resulting strategic compendium guides engagement with foreign countries in the CIKR [critical infrastructure and key resources] protection mission area". Using an initial inventory of infrastructure located outside the United States created by the federal government, DHS and the Department of State
(DOS) developed the CFDI, "a process designed to ensure that the resulting classified list of critical foreign dependencies is representative and leveraged in a coordinated and inclusive manner."
Development of the CFDI was planned in three phases, on an annual and ongoing basis. The first phase was identification, beginning with "the first-ever National Critical Foreign
Dependencies List in FY2008". This was done by the DHS working with "other Federal partners", in a process that "includes input from public and private sector CIKR community partners." Next comes prioritization, in which "DHS, in collaboration with other CIKR community partners and, in particular, DOS, prioritized the National Critical Foreign Dependencies List based on factors such as the overall criticality of the CIKR to the United States and the willingness and capability of foreign partners to engage in collaborative risk management activities." The third "involves leveraging the prioritized list to guide current and future U.S. bilateral
and multilateral incident and risk management activities with foreign partners. DHS and DOS established mechanisms to ensure coordinated engagement and collaboration by public entities, in partnership with the private sector."
by WikiLeaks
in 2010. The BBC described it as "one of the most sensitive" leaks as of 6 December 2010. In its redaction process, WikiLeaks removed only a minority of the details of names and locations, and left the rest uncensored; details of the exact location of the assets were not included in the list. The list did not include any military facilities, but rather facilities important for the global supply chain, global communications, and economically important goods and services.
In the cable the State Department asked American diplomats to identify installations overseas "whose loss could critically impact the public health, economic security, and/or national and homeland security of the United States." The order was under the direction of the Department for Homeland Security
in co-ordination with the Department of State.
In summary the list consists of Submarine communications cable
s, major port hubs, critical sea lanes, oil pipelines, mines, dams, and pharmaceutical facilities. A major emphasis on European pharmaceutical facilities was said by the BBC to suggest a fear of biological warfare or global pandemic.
WikiLeaks spokesman Kristinn Hrafnsson
said with reference to the cable: "This further undermines claims made by the US Government that its embassy officials do not play an intelligence-gathering role. Part of the cable read: "Posts are not/not being asked to consult with host governments with respect to this request." Hrafnsson later explained to The Times
that the list itself "had been made available to 2.5 million people including military personnel and private contractors by the U.S. government". He went on to say: "in terms of security issues, while this cable details the strategic importance of assets across the world, it does not give any information as to their exact locations, security measures, vulnerabilities or any similar factors, though it does reveal the U.S. asked its diplomats to report back on these matters."
', said: "it's a little different...than with diplomatic cable leaks...in this case, this is largely information available to everyone if they really wanted to look."
Janet Napolitano
, the Secretary of Homeland Security, said the list "could jeopardize our national security".
said: "The leaks and their publication are damaging to national security in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. It is vital that governments are able to operate on the basis of confidentiality of information."
Vic Toews
, the Public Safety Minister of Canada, seemed "unconcerned or unaware" of the release of the list. He said: "I don't follow gossip very much so I don't really know the impact of WikiLeaks, but I can assure you that the security agencies in Canada are following it very closely and to the extent that I need to be involved and address those issues, they will brief me on the issues."
Lin Yu-fang
, a politician in Taiwan, stated, in regards to the revealing of the six undersea telecommunications cables in China, there are "actually no secrets concerning the cables", but he said there "could be certain thorny political or military issues involving Taiwan, the U.S. or Japan if more sensitive secrets were exposed".
article elaborating on the release stated that "although much of the information contained [in the list] was already in the public domain, officials in Washington and London have been quick to condemn WikiLeaks for publishing it, calling the act evidence of the organization's willingness to potentially aid terror groups in its mission to reveal U.S. secrets." The New York Times stated that the list "appears largely limited to sites that any would-be terrorist with Internet access and a bit of ingenuity might quickly have identified."
The Lancashire Evening Post
pointed out in an article that the list "contains information on defence sites in Lancashire which is more than five years out of date." The article specifically pointed out that the "Royal Ordnance (RO) site at Chorley...has been developed as Buckshaw Village for the past five years" and the "BAE facility in Plymouth, Devon...[was] sold as part of a deal three years ago."
Roger Aston, the chief executive of Mayne Pharma, said: "I can only go on what I can see now in the media (about WikiLeaks) but judging from what I've seen about what they've said about Mayne Pharma and Faulding
, a lot of it (the information) is old, out of date stuff that's not relevant."
Dean Veverka of Southern Cross
concurred, saying, "(Roger Aston's comments) that the information in the WikiLeaks document was ten years out of date could be accurate. To only list Southern Cross as the only internet cable network here might have been relevant 10 years ago (when only coaxial cables were available), but Australia now has seven cables going out of country. Australia has a very resilient network nowadays."
Bill Gorman, sales director of David Brown Ltd.
, said: "We make gearboxes for our platinum and gold mines. We have supplied equipment via the US for other countries, but have only once exported directly to the States, for a copper mine seven years ago. I have no idea why we’re on the list."
A BAE Systems
spokeswoman said: "The information in the list was incorrect. The site in Plymouth was sold in 2007, and in Chorley, there are no longer any weapons manufacturing, although there is still an office there. The information about Preston was correct. The safety and security of our people and facilities is of highest priority."
, Hong Kong Port
, Ningbo Port
, Tianjin Port) as well as one taiwanese port (Kaohsiung Port
) and several european ports (Port of Antwerp
, Port of Hamburg, Rotterdam Port
).
Wikileaks
WikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
on 5 December 2010 as part of the website's leak of US diplomatic cables
United States diplomatic cables leak
The United States diplomatic cables leak, widely known as Cablegate, began in February 2010 when WikiLeaks—a non-profit organization that publishes submissions from anonymous whistleblowers—began releasing classified cables that had been sent to the U.S. State Department by 274 of its consulates,...
; no details on the exact location of the assets was included in the list. The list's release was met with strong criticism from the US and British governments, while media and other countries have reacted less strongly saying that the entries are not secret and easily identified.
Overview
According to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), it "Developed and executed the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) which extends our protection strategy overseas to include important foreign infrastructure that if attacked or destroyed would critically impact the U.S. The prioritized National Critical Foreign Dependencies List (NCFDL) currently contains over 300 assets and systems in over 50 countries." According to the 2009 National Infrastructure Protection PlanNational Infrastructure Protection Plan
The National Infrastructure Protection Plan is a document called for by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7, which aims to unify Critical Infrastructure and Key Resource protection efforts across the country. The latest version of the plan is 188 pages long and was released in January 2009...
, the CFDI was launched by the federal government "working in close coordination and cooperation with the private sector" in 2007 "to identify assets and systems located outside the United States, which, if disrupted or destroyed, would critically affect public health and safety, the economy, or national security. The resulting strategic compendium guides engagement with foreign countries in the CIKR [critical infrastructure and key resources] protection mission area". Using an initial inventory of infrastructure located outside the United States created by the federal government, DHS and the Department of State
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries...
(DOS) developed the CFDI, "a process designed to ensure that the resulting classified list of critical foreign dependencies is representative and leveraged in a coordinated and inclusive manner."
Development of the CFDI was planned in three phases, on an annual and ongoing basis. The first phase was identification, beginning with "the first-ever National Critical Foreign
Dependencies List in FY2008". This was done by the DHS working with "other Federal partners", in a process that "includes input from public and private sector CIKR community partners." Next comes prioritization, in which "DHS, in collaboration with other CIKR community partners and, in particular, DOS, prioritized the National Critical Foreign Dependencies List based on factors such as the overall criticality of the CIKR to the United States and the willingness and capability of foreign partners to engage in collaborative risk management activities." The third "involves leveraging the prioritized list to guide current and future U.S. bilateral
and multilateral incident and risk management activities with foreign partners. DHS and DOS established mechanisms to ensure coordinated engagement and collaboration by public entities, in partnership with the private sector."
Disclosure
The "2008 Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) list" was contained in a February 2009 diplomatic cable to the U.S. Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, which was leaked, redacted and released in the United States diplomatic cables leakUnited States diplomatic cables leak
The United States diplomatic cables leak, widely known as Cablegate, began in February 2010 when WikiLeaks—a non-profit organization that publishes submissions from anonymous whistleblowers—began releasing classified cables that had been sent to the U.S. State Department by 274 of its consulates,...
by WikiLeaks
Wikileaks
WikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
in 2010. The BBC described it as "one of the most sensitive" leaks as of 6 December 2010. In its redaction process, WikiLeaks removed only a minority of the details of names and locations, and left the rest uncensored; details of the exact location of the assets were not included in the list. The list did not include any military facilities, but rather facilities important for the global supply chain, global communications, and economically important goods and services.
In the cable the State Department asked American diplomats to identify installations overseas "whose loss could critically impact the public health, economic security, and/or national and homeland security of the United States." The order was under the direction of the Department for Homeland Security
United States Department of Homeland Security
The United States Department of Homeland Security is a cabinet department of the United States federal government, created in response to the September 11 attacks, and with the primary responsibilities of protecting the territory of the United States and protectorates from and responding to...
in co-ordination with the Department of State.
In summary the list consists of Submarine communications cable
Submarine communications cable
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean....
s, major port hubs, critical sea lanes, oil pipelines, mines, dams, and pharmaceutical facilities. A major emphasis on European pharmaceutical facilities was said by the BBC to suggest a fear of biological warfare or global pandemic.
Responses to disclosure
The cable had been classified secret and not for review by non-U.S. personnel,. The publication of the cable was followed by strong criticism from the US government and the British government, but a tepid response from news outlets and other foreign nations.WikiLeaks spokesman Kristinn Hrafnsson
Kristinn Hrafnsson
Kristinn Hrafnsson is an Icelandic investigative journalist and frontman for the WikiLeaks organisation.He has worked at various newspapers in Iceland and had a popular TV programme on Stöð 2 , Kompás, where he and his team often exposed criminal activity and/or shocking corruption in high places...
said with reference to the cable: "This further undermines claims made by the US Government that its embassy officials do not play an intelligence-gathering role. Part of the cable read: "Posts are not/not being asked to consult with host governments with respect to this request." Hrafnsson later explained to The Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
that the list itself "had been made available to 2.5 million people including military personnel and private contractors by the U.S. government". He went on to say: "in terms of security issues, while this cable details the strategic importance of assets across the world, it does not give any information as to their exact locations, security measures, vulnerabilities or any similar factors, though it does reveal the U.S. asked its diplomats to report back on these matters."
United States
US State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley denounced the disclosure saying it "gives a group like al-Qaeda a targeting list." Anthony Cordesman, a 'national security analyst for the Center for Strategic and International Studies', said: "this has given a global map – a menu, if not a recipe book – to every extremist group in the world. To me it would be amazing to see how WikiLeaks could rationalize this." However, Alistair Millar, 'director of the Center on Global Counterterrorism CooperationCenter on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation
The Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation is an independent, nonpartisan, not-for-profit research and policy institute based out of offices in New York, Washington, D.C., and Brussels...
', said: "it's a little different...than with diplomatic cable leaks...in this case, this is largely information available to everyone if they really wanted to look."
Janet Napolitano
Janet Napolitano
Janet Napolitano is the third and current United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama. She is the fourth person to hold the position, which was created after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the 21st...
, the Secretary of Homeland Security, said the list "could jeopardize our national security".
Nations other than the United States
A spokesman for British prime minister David CameronDavid Cameron
David William Donald Cameron is the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Conservative Party. Cameron represents Witney as its Member of Parliament ....
said: "The leaks and their publication are damaging to national security in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. It is vital that governments are able to operate on the basis of confidentiality of information."
Vic Toews
Vic Toews
Victor "Vic" Toews, PC QC MP is a Canadian politician. He has represented Provencher in the Canadian House of Commons since 2000, and currently serves in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper as Minister of Public Safety. He previously served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from...
, the Public Safety Minister of Canada, seemed "unconcerned or unaware" of the release of the list. He said: "I don't follow gossip very much so I don't really know the impact of WikiLeaks, but I can assure you that the security agencies in Canada are following it very closely and to the extent that I need to be involved and address those issues, they will brief me on the issues."
Lin Yu-fang
Lin Yu-fang
Lin Yu-fang is a Taiwanese politician.Lin is, as of 2008, a Kuomintang legislator and the chairman of the National Yuan's Diplomacy and National Defense Committee.-References:...
, a politician in Taiwan, stated, in regards to the revealing of the six undersea telecommunications cables in China, there are "actually no secrets concerning the cables", but he said there "could be certain thorny political or military issues involving Taiwan, the U.S. or Japan if more sensitive secrets were exposed".
News outlets
A CBSCBS
CBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major US commercial broadcasting television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of...
article elaborating on the release stated that "although much of the information contained [in the list] was already in the public domain, officials in Washington and London have been quick to condemn WikiLeaks for publishing it, calling the act evidence of the organization's willingness to potentially aid terror groups in its mission to reveal U.S. secrets." The New York Times stated that the list "appears largely limited to sites that any would-be terrorist with Internet access and a bit of ingenuity might quickly have identified."
The Lancashire Evening Post
Lancashire Evening Post
The Lancashire Evening Post is a daily newspaper based in Fulwood, a suburb of the city of Preston, Lancashire, England. According to the British Library, its first edition was published on 18 October 1886...
pointed out in an article that the list "contains information on defence sites in Lancashire which is more than five years out of date." The article specifically pointed out that the "Royal Ordnance (RO) site at Chorley...has been developed as Buckshaw Village for the past five years" and the "BAE facility in Plymouth, Devon...[was] sold as part of a deal three years ago."
Companies
Mayne Pharma told the Herald-Sun that "its entry on a classified diplomatic cable is out-of-date and full of errors", since the drug listed on the cable as its resource, a snake anti-venom, hasn't been made by the company for "more than ten years".Roger Aston, the chief executive of Mayne Pharma, said: "I can only go on what I can see now in the media (about WikiLeaks) but judging from what I've seen about what they've said about Mayne Pharma and Faulding
F. H. Faulding & Co
F. H. Faulding & Co was a pharmaceutical company founded in Adelaide, South Australia in 1845 by Francis Hardey Faulding , a native of Swinfleet, near Goole in Yorkshire, son of Francis Faulding, a surgeon.-History:...
, a lot of it (the information) is old, out of date stuff that's not relevant."
Dean Veverka of Southern Cross
Southern Cross Cable
The Southern Cross Cable, operated by Bermuda company Southern Cross Cables Limited, is a trans-Pacific network of telecommunications cables commissioned in 2000....
concurred, saying, "(Roger Aston's comments) that the information in the WikiLeaks document was ten years out of date could be accurate. To only list Southern Cross as the only internet cable network here might have been relevant 10 years ago (when only coaxial cables were available), but Australia now has seven cables going out of country. Australia has a very resilient network nowadays."
Bill Gorman, sales director of David Brown Ltd.
David Brown Ltd.
David Brown Engineering Limited is a British engineering company, principally engaged in the manufacture of gears and gearboxes. Their major gear manufacturing plant is in Swan Lane, Lockwood, Huddersfield, adjacent to Lockwood railway station...
, said: "We make gearboxes for our platinum and gold mines. We have supplied equipment via the US for other countries, but have only once exported directly to the States, for a copper mine seven years ago. I have no idea why we’re on the list."
A BAE Systems
BAE Systems
BAE Systems plc is a British multinational defence, security and aerospace company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that has global interests, particularly in North America through its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. BAE is among the world's largest military contractors; in 2009 it was the...
spokeswoman said: "The information in the list was incorrect. The site in Plymouth was sold in 2007, and in Chorley, there are no longer any weapons manufacturing, although there is still an office there. The information about Preston was correct. The safety and security of our people and facilities is of highest priority."
List of critical foreign dependencies
The 2008 CFDI list, as redacted by WikiLeaks, listed the following infrastructures:Sea ports
A number of sea ports were listed, including several chinese ports (Shanghai Port, Guangzhou PortPort of Guangzhou
Port of Guangzhou is the main seaport of Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, China. The port is operated by Guangzhou Port Group Co. Ltd which is a state owned company. The company was established on February 26, 2004 from the former Guangzhou Harbor Bureau. It was approved by the Guangzhou...
, Hong Kong Port
Port of Hong Kong
The Port of Hong Kong, located by the South China Sea, is a deepwater seaport dominated by trade in containerised manufactured products, and to a lesser extent raw materials and passengers. A key factor in the economic development of Hong Kong, the natural shelter and deep waters of Victoria...
, Ningbo Port
Port of Ningbo
Port of Ningbo is one of the most important and busiest ports in mainland China. It is located on the rich coastal province of Zhejiang. The port is at the crossroad of the north-south shipping route and the important waterway of the Yangtze River...
, Tianjin Port) as well as one taiwanese port (Kaohsiung Port
Port of Kaohsiung
The Port of Kaohsiung is the largest harbor in Taiwan, handling approximately 10 million twenty-foot equivalent units worth of cargo in 2007. The port is located in southern Taiwan, adjacent to Kaohsiung City, surrounded by the city districts of Gushan, Yancheng, Lingya, Cianjhen, Siaogang, and...
) and several european ports (Port of Antwerp
Port of Antwerp
The port of Antwerp, in Belgium, is a port in the heart of Europe accessible to capesize ships. Antwerp stands at the upper end of the tidal estuary of the Scheldt. The estuary is navigable by ships of more than 100,000 Gross Tons as far as 80 km inland. The inland location means that the port...
, Port of Hamburg, Rotterdam Port
Port of Rotterdam
The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe, located in the city of Rotterdam, Netherlands. From 1962 until 2004 it was the world's busiest port, now overtaken by first Shanghai and then Singapore...
).
Northern hemisphere
- Bermuda - GlobeNet, formerly Bermuda US-1 (BUS-1) undersea cable landing Devonshire, Bermuda
- Canada - Hibernia Atlantic undersea cable landing Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
- China - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landings at Chom Hom Kok, Tseung Kwan O, and Shanghai; China-US undersea cableCUCN (cable system)CUCN or China-US Cable Network is a submarine telecommunications cable linking several countries in the Asia-Pacific region.It has landing points in:#Shantou, Guangdong Province, China#Fangshan, Pingtung County, Taiwan Province, Taiwan...
landings at Chongming and ShantouShantouShantou , historically known as Swatow or Suátao, is a prefecture-level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, with a total population of 5,391,028 as of 2010 and an administrative area of...
; and FLAG/REACH North Asia LoopRNAL (cable system)REACH North Asia Loop is a multi terabit intra Asia self-healing submarine telecommunications cable system connecting the principal cities in Asia....
undersea cable landing as Tong Fuk - Denmark - TAT-14TAT-14TAT-14 is the 14th consortia transatlantic telecommunications cable system. In operation from 2001, it utilises wavelength division multiplexing. The cable system is built from multiple pairs of fibres—one fibre in each pair is used for data carried in one direction and the other in the opposite...
undersea cable landing, Blaabjerg, Denmark - Fiji - Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Suva, Fiji
- France - APOLLO undersea cable, Lannion, France; FA-1 undersea cable, Plerin, France; and TAT-14TAT-14TAT-14 is the 14th consortia transatlantic telecommunications cable system. In operation from 2001, it utilises wavelength division multiplexing. The cable system is built from multiple pairs of fibres—one fibre in each pair is used for data carried in one direction and the other in the opposite...
undersea cable landing St. Valery, France - French Guiana - Americas-II undersea cable landing Cayenne, French Guiana
- Germany - TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Norden, Germany; Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing Sylt
- Ireland - Hibernia AtlanticHibernia AtlanticHibernia Atlantic is a privately held, US-owned, transatlantic submarine communications cable system in the North Atlantic Ocean which connects Canada, the United States, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Europe....
undersea cable landing, Dublin Ireland - Japan - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landings in ChikuraChikura, Chibais a former town located in Awa District, Chiba, Japan. As of October 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 12,527 and a density of 342 persons per km². The total area was 36.64 km².-Geography:...
, Ajigaura, and ShimaShima, Fukuokawas a town located in former Itoshima District, Fukuoka, Japan.As of November 2009, the town had an estimated population of 17,432 and a density of 319.56 persons per km². The total area was 54.54 km²....
; China-US undersea cableCUCN (cable system)CUCN or China-US Cable Network is a submarine telecommunications cable linking several countries in the Asia-Pacific region.It has landing points in:#Shantou, Guangdong Province, China#Fangshan, Pingtung County, Taiwan Province, Taiwan...
in Okinawa; FLAG/REACH North Asia LoopRNAL (cable system)REACH North Asia Loop is a multi terabit intra Asia self-healing submarine telecommunications cable system connecting the principal cities in Asia....
undersea cable landing in Wada; Japan-US undersea cableJapan-US (cable system)Japan-US is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the North Pacific Ocean linking the USA and Japan.It has landing points in:*Shima, Mie Prefecture, Japan...
landings at Maruyama and Kitaibaraki; KJCN undersea cable landings at Fukuoka and Kita-Kyushu; Pacific Crossing-1 (PC-1) undersea cable landing in Ajigaura and Shima; and Tyco Transpacific undersea cable landings in Toyohashi and Emi. - Martinique - Americas-II undersea cable landing Le Lamentin, Martinique
- Mexico - FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing, Tijuana and Pan-American Crossing (PAC) undersea cable landing, Mazatlan
- Netherlands - Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing, Beverwijk; TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Katwijk
- Panama - FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Fort Amador, Panama
- Philippines - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Batangas, Philippines; and EAC undersea cable landing Cavite, Philippines
- Republic of Korea - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Pusan, Republic of Korea; EAC undersea cable landing Shindu-Ri, Republic of Korea; FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea; and KJCN undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea
- Singapore - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Changi, Singapore; EAC undersea cable landing Changi North, Singapore; C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Changi, Singapore; and EAC undersea cable landing Changi North, Singapore
- Taiwan- C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Fangshan, Taiwan; C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Tanshui, Taiwan; China-US undersea cable landing Fangshan, Taiwan; EAC undersea cable landing Pa Li, Taiwan; FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Toucheng, Taiwan
- Trinidad and Tobago - Americas-II undersea cable landing Port of SpainPort of SpainPort of Spain, also written as Port-of-Spain, is the capital of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the country's third-largest municipality, after San Fernando and Chaguanas. The city has a municipal population of 49,031 , a metropolitan population of 128,026 and a transient daily population...
- United Kingdom - APOLLO undersea cable landing Bude, Cornwall Station, United Kingdom; Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing Whitesands Bay; FA-1 undersea cable landing Skewjack, Cornwall Station; Hibernia AtlanticHibernia AtlanticHibernia Atlantic is a privately held, US-owned, transatlantic submarine communications cable system in the North Atlantic Ocean which connects Canada, the United States, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Europe....
undersea cable landing, Southport, United Kingdom; TAT-14TAT-14TAT-14 is the 14th consortia transatlantic telecommunications cable system. In operation from 2001, it utilises wavelength division multiplexing. The cable system is built from multiple pairs of fibres—one fibre in each pair is used for data carried in one direction and the other in the opposite...
undersea cable landing Bude, Cornwall Station, United Kingdom; Tyco Transatlantic undersea cable landing, Highbridge, United Kingdom; Tyco Transatlantic undersea cable landing, Pottington, United Kingdom; and Yellow/Atlantic Crossing-2 (AC-2) undersea cable landing Bude, United Kingdom - Venezuela - Four cable landing sites in Venezuela. GlobeNet undersea cable landings at Punta Gorda, Catia La Mar, and Manonga
Southern hemisphere
- Australia - Southern Cross undersea cableSouthern Cross CableThe Southern Cross Cable, operated by Bermuda company Southern Cross Cables Limited, is a trans-Pacific network of telecommunications cables commissioned in 2000....
landings at Brookvale and Sydney, Australia - Brazil - Americas-II undersea cable landing at Fortaleza; GlobeNet undersea cable landing at Fortaleza; and GlobeNet undersea cable landing Rio de Janeiro
- Netherlands Antilles - Americas-II undersea cable landing, Willemstad
- New Zealand - Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Whenuapai, New Zealand; and Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Takapuna, New Zealand
Mineral resources
- Australia - Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade; Nickel Mines
- China - ;FluoriteFluoriteFluorite is a halide mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It is an isometric mineral with a cubic habit, though octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon...
(Mine); GermaniumGermaniumGermanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. The isolated element is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon....
Mine; GraphiteGraphiteThe mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal...
Mine; Rare Earth Minerals/ElementsRare earth elementAs defined by IUPAC, rare earth elements or rare earth metals are a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium...
; TinTinTin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4...
Mine and Plant; and TungstenTungstenTungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74.A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as...
- Mine and Plant - Congo (Kinshasa) - CobaltCobaltCobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is found naturally only in chemically combined form. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal....
(Mine and Plant) - Gabon - ManganeseManganeseManganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
- Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade - Guinea - BauxiteBauxiteBauxite is an aluminium ore and is the main source of aluminium. This form of rock consists mostly of the minerals gibbsite Al3, boehmite γ-AlO, and diaspore α-AlO, in a mixture with the two iron oxides goethite and hematite, the clay mineral kaolinite, and small amounts of anatase TiO2...
(Mine) - South Africa - Bushveld ComplexBushveld igneous complexThe Bushveld Igneous Complex is a large layered igneous intrusion within the Earth's crust which has been tilted and eroded and now outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin, the Transvaal Basin. Located in South Africa, the BIC contains some of the richest ore...
(chromite mine); Ferrochromium; ManganeseManganeseManganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
- Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade; PalladiumPalladiumPalladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired...
Mine and Plant; PlatinumPlatinumPlatinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina del Pinto, which is literally translated into "little silver of the Pinto River." It is a dense, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal...
Mines; and RhodiumRhodiumRhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed... - Indonesia - Tin Mine and Plant
- Japan - IodineIodineIodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
Mine - Belgium - GermaniumGermaniumGermanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. The isolated element is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon....
Mine - Norway - Cobalt Nickel Mine
- Russia - UraniumUraniumUranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
NickelNickelNickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...
Mine: Used in certain types of stainless steel and superalloys; PalladiumPalladiumPalladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired...
Mine and Plant; and RhodiumRhodiumRhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed... - Ukraine - Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
- Kazakhstan - Ferrochromium KhromtauKhromtauKhromtau is a town in Aktobe Province of Kazakhstan, the administrative center of Khromtau District. It was formed in 1967. Population is approximately 21,156 . Khromtau has important Chromium deposits, which are currently exploited in underground mines...
Complex, Kempersai, (Chromite Mine) - India -OrissaOrissaOrissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...
(chromite mines) and KarnatakaKarnatakaKarnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
(chromite mines) - Brazil - Iron Ore from Rio Tinto MineCorumbá (mine)Corumbá is an iron ore mine located in the western Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, near the border with Bolivia. The mine is of open pit construction, producing approximately 2 million tonnes per year of iron ore which is partially processed on site before being moved by barge along the...
; Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade; Niobium (Columbium), AraxaAraxáAraxá is a city and municipality in southwest Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The population was 87,764 inhabitants and the area of the municipality is 1,283 km², with 345 km² making up the urban perimeter.-Geography:...
, Minas GeraisMinas GeraisMinas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
State (mine); and OuvidorOuvidorOuvidor is a small town and municipality in southeast Goiás state, Brazil.-Location:Located 267 kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia, Ouvidor is connected by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goiás / Cristianópolis / GO-020 / Pires do Rio / BR-352 / GO-330 / Ipameri / Catalão / GO-330 / BR-352...
and CatalaoCatalãoCatalão is a small city and municipality located in the south of the state of Goiás, in Brazil. It is a large producer of grains, cattle, and phosphates and has a John Deere and Mitsubishi factory.-Demographics:*Population density: 17.85 inhab/km²...
I, GoiasGoiásGoiás is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country. The name Goiás comes from the name of an indigenous community...
State: Niobium - Chile - Iodine Mine
- Canada - GermaniumGermaniumGermanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. The isolated element is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon....
Mine; GraphiteGraphiteThe mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal...
Mine; Iron Ore Mine; NickelNickelNickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...
Mine; Niobec Mine, Quebec, Canada: Niobium - Mexico - Graphite Mine
- Peru - Tin Mine and Plant
South Africa
- BAE Land System OMC, Benoni, South Africa
- Brown David Gear Industries LTDDavid Brown Ltd.David Brown Engineering Limited is a British engineering company, principally engaged in the manufacture of gears and gearboxes. Their major gear manufacturing plant is in Swan Lane, Lockwood, Huddersfield, adjacent to Lockwood railway station...
, Benoni, South Africa
Australia
- Maybe Faulding Mulgrave (F H Faulding) Victoria, Australia: Manufacturing facility for MidazolamMidazolamMidazolam is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s. The drug is used for treatment of acute seizures, moderate to severe insomnia, and for inducing sedation and amnesia before medical procedures. It possesses profoundly potent anxiolytic,...
injection. - Mayne Pharma (fill/finish), Melbourne, Australia: Sole suppliers of Crotalid PolyvalentPolyvalentIn chemistry, polyvalence or multivalence refers to species that are not restricted to a distinct number of valence bonds....
AntiveninAntiveninAntivenom is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Antivenom is created by milking venom from the desired snake, spider or insect. The venom is then diluted and injected into a horse, sheep or goat...
(CroFabCroFabCroFab is the commercial name for a Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab snake antivenom, indicated for minimal or moderate North American Crotalid snake envenomation. It is developed and manufactured by BTG plc , and distributed in the US by Nycomed Inc...
)
China
- Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
- PolypropylenePolypropylenePolypropylene , also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications including packaging, textiles , stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes...
Filter Material for N-95 Masks
Japan
- HitachiHitachiHitachi is a multinational corporation specializing in high-technology.Hitachi may also refer to:*Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan*Hitachi province, former province of Japan*Prince Hitachi and Princess Hitachi, members of the Japanese imperial family...
, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators - PortPortA port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
s at ChibaPort of ChibaThe is the largest seaport in Japan, located in Chiba Prefecture on the interior of Tokyo Bay. The Port spans 24,800 ha across the cities of Ichikawa, Funabashi, Narashino, Chiba, Ichihara, and Sodegaura.-History:...
, KobePort of KobeThe Port of Kobe is a Japanese maritime port in Kobe, Hyōgo in the greater Osaka area, backgrounded by the Hanshin Industrial Region.Located at a foothill of the range of Mount Rokkō, flat lands are limited and constructions of artificial islands have carried out, to make Port Island, Rokko...
, Nagoya, and YokohamaPort of YokohamaThe is operated by the Port and Harbor Bureau of the City of Yokohama in Japan. It opens onto Tokyo Bay. The port is located at a latitude of 35.27.–00°N and a longitude of 139.38–46°E. To the south lies the Port of Yokosuka; to the north, the ports of Kawasaki and Tokyo.-Facilities:Yokohama Port... - Metal Fabrication Machines TitaniumTitaniumTitanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color....
- Metal (Processed) Biken, Kanonji City, Japan
- Hitachi Electrical Power Generators and Components Large AC Generators above 40 MVA
Austria
- Baxter AGBaxter InternationalBaxter International Inc. , is an American health care company with headquarters in Deerfield, Illinois. The company primarily focuses on products to treat hemophilia, kidney disease, immune disorders and other chronic and acute medical conditions...
, Vienna, Austria: Immune Globulin IntravenousIntravenous immunoglobulinIntravenous immunoglobulin is a blood product administered intravenously. It contains the pooled IgG extracted from the plasma of over one thousand blood donors. IVIG's effects last between 2 weeks and 3 months...
(IGIV) - OctapharmaOctapharmaOctapharma AG is the largest privately owned plasma product manufacturer in the world. It is headquartered in Lachen, Switzerland.Octapharma’s core business is the development, production and sale of high quality human proteins derived from blood plasma or recombinant technologies...
Pharmazeutika, Vienna, Austria: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)
Azerbaijan
- Sangachal TerminalSangachal TerminalThe Sangachal Terminal is an industrial complex consisting of a natural gas processing plant and oil production plant, located on the coast of the Caspian Sea south of Baku, Azerbaijan.-History:...
- Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan PipelineBaku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipelineThe Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline is a long crude oil pipeline from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It connects Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan; Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia; and Ceyhan, a port on the south-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey,...
Belarus
- Druzhba Oil PipelineDruzhba pipelineThe Druzhba pipeline is the world's longest oil pipeline and in fact one of the biggest oil pipeline networks in the world. It carries oil some from the eastern part of the European Russia to points in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Germany...
Belgium
- BaxterBaxter InternationalBaxter International Inc. , is an American health care company with headquarters in Deerfield, Illinois. The company primarily focuses on products to treat hemophilia, kidney disease, immune disorders and other chronic and acute medical conditions...
SA, Lessines, Belgium: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV) - Glaxo Smith Kline, Rixensart, Belgium: Acellular PertussisPertussisPertussis, also known as whooping cough , is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Symptoms are initially mild, and then develop into severe coughing fits, which produce the namesake high-pitched "whoop" sound in infected babies and children when they inhale air...
Vaccine Component - GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA, Wavre, Belgium: Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Component
Denmark
- Bavarian Nordic (BN), Hejreskovvej, Kvistgard, Denmark: SmallpoxSmallpoxSmallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...
Vaccine - Novo NordiskNovo NordiskNovo Nordisk manufactures and markets pharmaceutical products and services. Created in 1989 through a merger of two Danish companies dating back to the 1920s, it has become one of the world's leading companies in diabetes care, where Novo Nordisk pursues research into pulmonary delivery systems;...
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Numerous formulations of insulinInsulinInsulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.... - Novo Nordisk Insulin Manufacturer: Global insulin supplies
- Statens Serum InstitutStatens Serum InstitutStatens Serum Institut , or SSI for short, is a Danish sector research institute located on the island of Amager in Copenhagen. Its purpose is to combat and prevent infectious diseases, congenital disorders, and threats from weapon of mass destruction...
, Copenhagen, Denmark: DTaP (including D and T components) pediatric version
France
- Sanofi-AventisSanofi-AventisSanofi S.A. is a multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Paris, France, the world's fourth-largest by prescription sales. Sanofi engages in the research and development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products for sale principally in the prescription market, but the...
Insulin Manufacturer: Global insulin supplies Foot-and-mouth diseaseFoot-and-mouth diseaseFoot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids...
Vaccine finishing - Alstrom, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
- Alstrom Electrical Power Generators and Components
- EMD Pharms Semoy, France: Cyanokit Injection
- GlaxoSmithKlineGlaxoSmithKlineGlaxoSmithKline plc is a global pharmaceutical, biologics, vaccines and consumer healthcare company headquartered in London, United Kingdom...
, Inc. Évreux, France: Influenza Neuraminidase inhibitorNeuraminidase inhibitorNeuraminidase inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs targeted at the influenza virus, which work by blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase protein, thus preventing the virus from reproducing by budding from the host cell....
RELENZA (Zanamivir) - Diagast, Cedex, France: Olympus (assists with detecting blood group)
- GenzymeGenzymeGenzyme Corporation is a fully owned subsidiary of Sanofi-Aventis. Before its acquisition, Genzyme was an American biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 2010, Genzyme was the world’s third-largest biotechnology company, employing more than 11,000 people around the world...
Polyclonals SAS (bulk), Lyon, France: Thymoglobulin - Sanofi Pasteur SA, Lyon, France: RabiesRabiesRabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...
virus vaccine
Germany
- BASFBASFBASF SE is the largest chemical company in the world and is headquartered in Germany. BASF originally stood for Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik . Today, the four letters are a registered trademark and the company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, and Zurich Stock...
Ludwigshafen: World's largest integrated chemical complex - SiemensSiemensSiemens may refer toSiemens, a German family name carried by generations of telecommunications industrialists, including:* Werner von Siemens , inventor, founder of Siemens AG...
Erlangen: Essentially irreplaceable production of key chemicals - Siemens, GE, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
- Draeger Safety AG & Co., Luebeck, Germany: Critical to gas detection capability
- Junghans Microtec Dunningen-Seedorf, Germany: Critical to the production of mortars
- TDW-Gasellschaft WirksystemeTDWTDW is the European leader in the development and manufacture of warheads for guided weapons. The company was founded in 1994 and has approximately 120 employees based at its site in Schrobenhausen, Germany.TDW has customers in France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the UK, and the USA...
, Schroebenhausen, Germany: Critical to the production of the Patriot Advanced Capability Lethality Enhancement Assembly - Siemens, Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV
- Siemens, GE Electrical Power Generators and Components
- Druzhba Oil PipelineDruzhba pipelineThe Druzhba pipeline is the world's longest oil pipeline and in fact one of the biggest oil pipeline networks in the world. It carries oil some from the eastern part of the European Russia to points in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Germany...
- Sanofi Aventis Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Lantus Injection (insulin)
- Heyl Chemish-pharmazeutische Fabrik GmbH: Radiogardase (Prussian bluePrussian bluePrussian blue is a dark blue pigment with the idealized formula Fe718. Another name for the color Prussian blue is Berlin blue or, in painting, Parisian blue. Turnbull's blue is the same substance but is made from different reagents....
) - Hameln Pharmaceuticals, Hameln, Germany: Pentetate Calcium Trisodium (Ca DTPA) and Pentetate Zinc Trisodium (Zn DTPA) for contamination with plutonium, americium, and curium
- IDT Biologika GmbH, Dessau Rossiau, Germany: BN Small Pox Vaccine
- Biotest AG, Dreiech, Germany: Supplier for TANGO (impacts automated blood typing ability)
- CSL BehringCSL BehringCSL Behring is one of the world's leading plasma protein biotherapeutics companies, specializing in the manufacture of therapies for the treatment of rare and serious diseases...
GmbH, Marburg, Germany: Antihemophilic factor/von Willebrand factorVon Willebrand factorvon Willebrand factor is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis. It is deficient or defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in a large number of other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Heyde's syndrome, and possibly hemolytic-uremic syndrome... - NovartisNovartisNovartis International AG is a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, ranking number three in sales among the world-wide industry...
Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH, Marburg, Germany: Rabies virus vaccine - Vetter Pharma Fertigung GmbH & Co KG, Ravensburg, Germany (filling): Rho(D) IGIV
Italy
- Glaxo Smith Kline SpA (fill/finish), Parma, Italy: Digibind (used to treat snake bites)
- Trans-Med gas pipelineTrans-Med gas pipelineThe Trans-Med gas pipeline supplies natural gas from Tunisia to Italy by way of Sicily. In 1995, its capacity reached 24 bcm per year. In the fall of 1997, a terrorist attack severed the pipeline in Algeria for five days...
Russia
- Novorossiysk Export TerminalNovorossiysk Commercial Sea PortJSC Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port is Russia's largest commercial sea port operator. The company is headquartered in the city of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea coast.- Overview :...
- Primorsk Export Terminal
- Nadym Gas Pipeline Junction: The most critical gas facility in the world
Spain
- Strait of GibraltarStrait of GibraltarThe Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa. The name comes from Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic Jebel Tariq , albeit the Arab name for the Strait is Bab el-Zakat or...
- Instituto GrifolsGrifolsGrifols, S.A. is a Spanish-based multinational pharmaceutical and chemical company. Principally a producer of blood plasma-based products, a field in which it is the European leader, the company also supplies devices, instruments and reagents for clinical testing laboratories.-Main products:Grifols...
, SA, Barcelona, Spain: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV) - Maghreb-Europe (GME) gas pipeline, Algeria
Switzerland
- Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. Basel, Switzerland: Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
- Berna Biotech, Berne, Switzerland: Typhoid vaccine
- CSL BehringCSL BehringCSL Behring is one of the world's leading plasma protein biotherapeutics companies, specializing in the manufacture of therapies for the treatment of rare and serious diseases...
AG, Berne, Switzerland: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)
Turkey
- Metal Fabrication Machines: Small number of Turkish companies (Durma, Baykal, Ermaksan)
- BosporusBosporusThe Bosphorus or Bosporus , also known as the Istanbul Strait , is a strait that forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia. It is one of the Turkish Straits, along with the Dardanelles...
Strait - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline
United Kingdom
- Goonhilly TeleportGoonhilly Satellite Earth StationGoonhilly Satellite Earth Station is a large telecommunications site located on Goonhilly Downs near Helston on the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall, England, UK. Owned by BT Group plc, it was at one time the largest satellite earth station in the world, with more than 25 communications dishes in use...
, Goonhilly Downs, United Kingdom - Madley TeleportMadley Communications CentreMadley Communications Centre is British Telecom's earth satellite tracking station, between Madley and Kingstone, Herefordshire, England. It claims to be the largest earth station in the world.-Earth position:...
, Stone Street, Madley, United Kingdom - Martelsham Teleport, Ipswich, United Kingdom
- Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing
- BAE SystemsBAE SystemsBAE Systems plc is a British multinational defence, security and aerospace company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that has global interests, particularly in North America through its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. BAE is among the world's largest military contractors; in 2009 it was the...
(Operations) Ltd., Presont [Preston], Lancashire, United Kingdom: Critical to the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter - BAE Systems Operations Ltd., Southway, Plymouth Devon, United Kingdom: Critical to extended range guided munitions
- BAE Systems RO Defence, Chorley, United Kingdom: Critical to the Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) AGM-154C (Unitary Variant)
- MacTaggart Scott, Loanhead, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom: Critical to the Ship Submersible Nuclear (SSN)
Egypt
- 'Ayn Sukhnah-SuMEdSumed pipelineThe Sumed pipeline is an oil pipeline in Egypt, running from the Ain Sukhna terminal on the Gulf of Suez to offshore Sidi Kerir, Alexandria on the Mediterranean Sea...
Receiving Import Terminal - 'Sidi Kurayr-SuMed Offloading Export Terminal Suez Canal
Iran
- Strait of HormuzStrait of HormuzThe Strait of Hormuz is a narrow, strategically important waterway between the Gulf of Oman in the southeast and the Persian Gulf. On the north coast is Iran and on the south coast is the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman....
- Khark (Kharg) IslandKharg IslandKharg Island is a continental island in the Persian Gulf belonging to Iran. The island is located off the coast of Iran and northwest of the Strait of Hormuz. Administered by the adjacent coastal Bushehr Province, Kharg Island provides a sea port for the export of oil and extends Iranian...
- Sea Island Export Terminal
- Khark Island T-JettyNational Iranian Oil CompanyThe National Iranian Oil Company , a government-owned corporation under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is an oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran. It was established in 1948...
Israel
- Rafael Ordnance Systems Division, Haifa, Israel: Critical to Sensor Fused Weapons (SFW), Wind Corrected Munitions DispenserWind Corrected Munitions DispenserThe Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser system is a tail kit for use with the TMD family of cluster bombs to convert them to precision-guided weapons...
s (WCMD), Tail Kits, and batteries
Morocco
- Strait of GibraltarStrait of GibraltarThe Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa. The name comes from Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic Jebel Tariq , albeit the Arab name for the Strait is Bab el-Zakat or...
- Maghreb-Europe (GME) gas pipeline, Morocco
Qatar
- Ras Laffan Industrial CenterRas Laffan Industrial CityRas Laffan Industrial City is an industrial hub located north of Doha, Qatar. It is administrated by Qatar Petroleum.Ras Laffan Industrial City is the Qatar's main site for production of liquefied natural gas and gas-to-liquid...
: By 2012 Qatar will be the largest source of imported LNG to U.S.
Saudi Arabia
- AbqaiqAbqaiqAbqaiq, or in Arabic Bqaiq , is a Saudi Aramco camp in the interior of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, located in the desert 60 km southwest of the Dhahran-Dammam-Khobar metropolitan area. The camp was built in the 1940s by ARAMCO...
Processing Center: Largest crude oil processing and stabilization plant in the world - Al Ju'aymah Export Terminal: Part of the Ras TanuraRas TanuraRas Tanura is a city in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia located on a peninsula extending into the Persian Gulf...
complex - As Saffaniyah Processing CenterSafaniya Oil FieldSafaniya Oil Field is the largest offshore oil field. It is located about north of the company headquarters in Dhahran in the Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Measuring with a producing capability of more than . The oil field is operated and owned by Saudi Aramco....
- Qatif Pipeline JunctionQatif ProjectSaudi Aramco's Qatif Project is an oilfield development project in Qatif, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, operated by the country's national oil company Saudi Aramco.-Qatif Producing Plants:...
- Ras at TanaqibTanajibTanajib is an oil complex owned by the Saudi Arabian Oil Company , located on the Persian Gulf, about 200 km north of Dammam in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia...
Processing Center - Ras TanuraRas TanuraRas Tanura is a city in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia located on a peninsula extending into the Persian Gulf...
Export Terminal - ShaybahShaybahShaybah is a major crude oil producing site in Saudi Arabia and is located approximately 40 km from the northern edge of the Rub' Al-Khali/Empty Quarter desert. It is located about 10 km south of the border to Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, which is a straight line drawn in the desert...
Central Gas-oil Separation Plant
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
- Das IslandDas IslandDas Island is an island in the Persian Gulf near Qatar. It is part of the emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates but lies well offshore, about north-west of the mainland. It covers approximately by , and is almost rectangular in shape....
Export Terminal - Jabal Zannah Export Terminal
- Strait of HormuzStrait of HormuzThe Strait of Hormuz is a narrow, strategically important waterway between the Gulf of Oman in the southeast and the Persian Gulf. On the north coast is Iran and on the south coast is the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman....
India
- Generamedix Gujurat, India: Chemotherapy agents, including florouracil and methotrexate
Canada
- James Bay Power ProjectJames Bay ProjectThe James Bay Project is a series of hydroelectric development with a combined installed capacity of over 16,000 megawatts built since 1974 for Hydro-Québec by the on the La Grande and other rivers of Northern Quebec....
, Quebec: monumental hydroelectric power development - Mica DamMica DamThe Mica Dam is a hydroelectric dam spanning the Columbia River 135 kilometres north of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. Completed in 1973 under the terms of the 1964 Columbia River Treaty, the Mica powerhouse has a generating capacity of . The dam is operated by BC Hydro...
, British Columbia: Failure would impact the Columbia River Basin - Hydro Quebec, Quebec: Critical irreplaceable source of power to portions of Northeast U. S.
- Robert Moses/Robert H. Saunders Power, Ontario: Part of the St. Lawrence Power Project, between Barnhart Island, New York, and Cornwall, Ontario
- Seven Mile DamSeven Mile DamSeven Mile Dam is a concrete gravity-type hydroelectric dam on the Pend d'Oreille River 15 km SE of Trail, 18 km downstream from Boundary Dam and 9 km upsteam from Waneta Dam in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The powerplant has a capacity of 848 MW and generates 3200 GWh per year...
, British Columbia: Concrete gravity dam between two other hydropower dams along the Pend d'Oreille River - Pickering Nuclear Power Plant, Ontario, Canada
- Chalk River Nuclear FacilityChalk River LaboratoriesThe Chalk River Laboratories is a Canadian nuclear research facility located near Chalk River, about north-west of Ottawa in the province of Ontario.CRL is a site of major research and development to support and advance nuclear technology, in particular CANDU reactor...
, Ontario: Largest supplier of medical radioisotopes in the world - Hydrofluoric AcidHydrofluoric acidHydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a valued source of fluorine and is the precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals such as fluoxetine and diverse materials such as PTFE ....
Production Facility, Allied Signal, Amherstburg, Ontario - Enbridge Pipeline Alliance Pipeline: Natural gas transmission from Canada Maritime and Northeast Pipeline: Natural gas transmission from Canada
- TransCanada GasTransCanada pipelineThe TransCanada pipeline is a system of natural gas pipelines, up to 48 inches in diameter, that carries gas through Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. It is maintained by TransCanada PipeLines, LP...
: Natural gas transmission from Canada - Alexandria Bay POE, Ontario: Northern border crossing
- Ambassador Bridge POE, Ontario: Northern border crossing
- Blaine POE, British Columbia: Northern border crossing
- Blaine Washington Rail Crossing, British Columbia
- Blue Water Bridge POE, Sarnia, Ontario: Northern border crossing
- Champlain POE, Quebec: Northern border crossing
- CPR Tunnel Rail CrossingMichigan Central Railway TunnelThe Michigan Central Railway Tunnel is a railroad tunnel under the Detroit River connecting Detroit, Michigan, USA with Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The U.S. entrance is south of Porter St. and Vermont St. near Rosa Parks Blvd. The Canadian entrance is south of Wyandotte St. W. between Cameron Ave....
, Ontario (Michigan Central Rail Crossing) - International Bridge Rail Crossing, Ontario International Railway Bridge Rail Crossing
- Lewiston-Queenstown POE, Ontario: Northern border crossing
- Peace Bridge POE, Ontario: Northern border crossing
- Pembina POE, Manitoba: Northern border crossing
- North Portal Rail Crossing, Saskatchewan
- St. Claire Tunnel Rail Crossing, Ontario
- Waneta DamWaneta DamWaneta Dam is a concrete gravity-type hydroelectric dam on the Pend d'Oreille River 9 km downstream from Seven Mile Dam in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It supplies electric power to metallurgical operations at Trail, British Columbia and for BC Hydro which since 2009 has a 1/3...
, British Columbia: Earthfill/concrete hydropower dam - Darlington Nuclear Power PlantDarlington Nuclear Generating StationDarlington Nuclear Generating Station is a Canadian nuclear power station located on the north shore of Lake Ontario in Clarington, Ontario. The facility derives its name from the Township of Darlington, the former name of the municipality in which it is located.The Darlington station is a large...
, Ontario, Canada - E-ONE Moli EnergyE-One Moli EnergyE-One Moli Energy Corp. is a manufacturer of lithium-ion batteries. It was founded in 1998 and focused on producing high capacity energy cells for notebook computers, high-end electronics and networking communication devices under the "Molicel" brand...
, Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada: Critical to production of various military application electronics - General Dynamics Land SystemsGeneral Dynamics Land SystemsIn February 1982 Chrysler announced the sale of Chrysler Defense, its profitable defense subsidiary to General Dynamics for US$348.5 million. The sale was completed in March 1982 for the revised figure of US$336.1 million. General Dynamics renamed the division General Dynamics Land Systems. In 2003...
- Canada, London Ontario, Canada: Critical to the production of the StrykerStrykerThe IAV Stryker is a family of eight-wheeled, 4-wheel-drive , armored fighting vehicles derived from the Canadian LAV III and produced by General Dynamics Land Systems, in use by the United States Army. The vehicle is named for two American servicemen who posthumously received the Medal of Honor:...
/USMC LAV Vehicle Integration - Raytheon Systems Canada Ltd. ELCAN Optical Technologies Division, Midland, Ontario, Canada: Critical to the production of the AGM-130AGM-130The AGM-130 is a missile developed by the United States of America.-Overview:The AGM-130 is a powered air-to-surface missile designed for strikes at long range against various targets...
Missile - Thales Optronique CanadaThales OptronicsThales Optronics is a major unit of Thales Group and has three main subsidiaries, Thales Optronics Ltd. , Thales Optronique SA and Thales Optronics B.V....
, Inc., Montreal, Quebec: Critical optical systems for ground combat vehicles - CangeneCangeneCangene Corporation is a pharmaceutical company based in Winnipeg. Manitoba, Canada. It was founded in 1984 and specialized in hyperimmunes, contract manufacturing, biopharmaceuticals and biodefense...
, Winnipeg, Manitoba: Plasma - Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, Canada: Polio virus vaccine
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, North America, Quebec, Canada: Pre-pandemic influenza vaccines
Mexico
- Amistad International DamAmistad ReservoirAmistad Reservoir is a reservoir on the Rio Grande at its confluence with the Devils River 12 miles northwest of Del Rio, Texas, USA. The lake is bounded by Val Verde County on the Texas side of the international border, and the state of Coahuila on the Mexican side of the border...
: On the Rio Grande near Del Rio, Texas and Ciudad Acuna, Coahuila, Mexico - Anzalduas Dam: Diversion dam south of Mission, Texas, operated jointly by the U.S. and Mexico for flood control
- Falcon International DamFalcon International ReservoirFalcon International Reservoir, commonly called Falcon Lake, is a reservoir on the Rio Grande 40 miles southeast of Laredo, Texas, USA, and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The huge lake is bounded by Starr and Zapata counties on the Texas side of the international border and the municipality and...
: Upstream of Roma, Texas and Miguel Aleman, Tamaulipas, Mexico - Retamal Dam: Diversion dam south of Weslaco, Texas, operated jointly by the U.S. and Mexico for flood control
- GEGeneral ElectricGeneral Electric Company , or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in Schenectady, New York and headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States...
Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators: Main source for a large portion of larger components - Bridge of the AmericasBridge of the AmericasThe Bridge of the Americas is a road bridge in Panama, which spans the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. Completed in 1962, at a cost of US$20 million, it was the only non-swinging bridge connecting the north and south American land masses until the opening of the Centennial Bridge in 2004...
: Southern border crossing - Brownsville POE: Southern border crossing
- Calexico East POE: Southern border crossing
- Columbia Solidarity Bridge: Southern border crossing
- Kansas City Southern de Mexico (KCSM) Rail Line, (Mexico)
- Nogales POE: Southern border crossing
- Laredo Rail Crossing
- Eagle Pass Rail Crossing
- Southern border crossings, Otay Mesa Crossing, World Trade Bridge, and Ysleta Zaragosa Bridge
- Pharr International Bridge: Southern border crossing
- Hydrofluoric Acid Production Facility
- GE Electrical Power Generators and Components
- General Electric, Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV
External links
- Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative. WikiLeaksWikileaksWikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
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