Old World monkey
Encyclopedia
The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primate
s, falling in the superfamily
Cercopithecoidea in the clade
Catarrhini
. The Old World monkey
s are native to Africa
and Asia
today, inhabiting a range of environments from tropical rain forest to savanna
, shrubland
and mountainous terrain, and are also known from Europe
in the fossil record. However, a (possibly introduced) free-roaming group of monkeys still survives
in Gibraltar
(Europe) to this day. Old World monkeys include many of the most familiar species of non-human primates such as baboon
s and macaque
s.
, with a head and body 34-37 cm in length, and weighing between 0.7 and 1.3 kilograms, while the largest is the male mandrill
(the females of the species being significantly smaller), at around 70 cm in length, and weighing up to 50 kilograms.
From the point of view of superficial appearance, Old World monkeys are unlike ape
s in that most have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), and unlike the New World monkeys in that their tails are never prehensile
. Technically, the distinction of catarrhines from platyrrhines depends on the structure of the nose, and the distinction of Old World monkeys from apes depends on dentition
(the number of teeth is the same in both, but they are shaped differently). In platyrrhines the nostrils face sideways, whilst in catarrhines, they face downwards. Other distinctions include both a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not twelve, premolars in catarrhines, giving them a dental formula
of:
Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. The colobus monkeys have a stub for a thumb to assist with their arboreal movement; the proboscis monkey
has an extraordinary nose while the snub-nosed monkey
s have almost no nose at all; the penis
of the male Mandrill is colored red and the scrotum
has a lilac
color, while the face also has bright coloration like the genitalia and this develops in only the dominant male of a multi-male group.
Most Old World monkeys are at least partially omnivorous
, but all prefer plant matter, which forms the bulk of their diet. Leaf monkeys
are the most vegetarian, subsisting primarily on leaves, and eating only a small number of insects, while the other species are highly opportunistic, primarily eating fruit, but also consuming almost any food items available, such as flowers, leaves, bulbs and rhizome
s, insects, snails, and even small vertebrates.
Gestation
in the Old World monkeys lasts between five and seven months. Births are usually single, although, as with humans, twin births do also occur from time to time. The young are born relatively well developed, and are able to cling onto their mother's fur with their hands from birth. Compared with most other mammals, they take a long time to reach sexual maturity, with four to six years being typical of most species.
In most species, daughters remain with their mothers for life, so that the basic social group among Old World monkeys is a matrilineal
troop. Males leave the group on reaching adolescence, and find a new troop to join. In many species, only a single adult male lives with each group, driving off all rivals, but others are more tolerant, establishing hierarchical relationships between dominant and subordinate males. Group sizes are highly variable, even within species, depending on the availability of food and other resources.
, which are mainly African but include the diverse genus
of macaque
s which are Asian and North African, and the Colobinae
, which includes most of the Asian genera but also the African colobus monkeys.
Primate
A primate is a mammal of the order Primates , which contains prosimians and simians. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment...
s, falling in the superfamily
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
Cercopithecoidea in the clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
Catarrhini
Catarrhini
Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the higher primates . It contains the Old World monkeys and the apes, which in turn are further divided into the lesser apes or gibbons and the great apes, consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans...
. The Old World monkey
Monkey
A monkey is a primate, either an Old World monkey or a New World monkey. There are about 260 known living species of monkey. Many are arboreal, although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons. Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent. Unlike apes, monkeys...
s are native to Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
and Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
today, inhabiting a range of environments from tropical rain forest to savanna
Savanna
A savanna, or savannah, is a grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses.Some...
, shrubland
Shrubland
Shrubland, scrubland, scrub or brush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity...
and mountainous terrain, and are also known from Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
in the fossil record. However, a (possibly introduced) free-roaming group of monkeys still survives
Gibraltar Barbary Macaques
The Barbary Macaque population in Gibraltar is the only one in the whole of the European continent, and, unlike that of North Africa, it is thriving. At present there are some 300 animals in five troupes occupying the area of the Upper Rock, though occasional forays into the town may result in...
in Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
(Europe) to this day. Old World monkeys include many of the most familiar species of non-human primates such as baboon
Baboon
Baboons are African and Arabian Old World monkeys belonging to the genus Papio, part of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. There are five species, which are some of the largest non-hominoid members of the primate order; only the mandrill and the drill are larger...
s and macaque
Macaque
The macaques constitute a genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. - Description :Aside from humans , the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from Japan to Afghanistan and, in the case of the barbary macaque, to North Africa...
s.
Characteristics
Old World monkeys are medium to large in size, and range from arboreal forms, such as the colobus monkeys, to fully terrestrial forms, such as the baboons. The smallest is the talapoinTalapoin
Talapoins are the two species of Old World monkeys classified in genus Miopithecus. They live in central Africa and their range extends from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola....
, with a head and body 34-37 cm in length, and weighing between 0.7 and 1.3 kilograms, while the largest is the male mandrill
Mandrill
The mandrill is a primate of the Old World monkey family, closely related to the baboons and even more closely to the drill. Both the mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in genus Papio, but recent research has determined they should be separated into their own genus, Mandrillus...
(the females of the species being significantly smaller), at around 70 cm in length, and weighing up to 50 kilograms.
From the point of view of superficial appearance, Old World monkeys are unlike ape
Ape
Apes are Old World anthropoid mammals, more specifically a clade of tailless catarrhine primates, belonging to the biological superfamily Hominoidea. The apes are native to Africa and South-east Asia, although in relatively recent times humans have spread all over the world...
s in that most have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), and unlike the New World monkeys in that their tails are never prehensile
Prehensile tail
A prehensile tail is the tail of an animal that has adapted to be able to grasp and/or hold objects. Fully prehensile tails can be used to hold and manipulate objects, and in particular to aid arboreal creatures in finding and eating food in the trees...
. Technically, the distinction of catarrhines from platyrrhines depends on the structure of the nose, and the distinction of Old World monkeys from apes depends on dentition
Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, the characteristic arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age...
(the number of teeth is the same in both, but they are shaped differently). In platyrrhines the nostrils face sideways, whilst in catarrhines, they face downwards. Other distinctions include both a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not twelve, premolars in catarrhines, giving them a dental formula
Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, the characteristic arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age...
of:
Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. The colobus monkeys have a stub for a thumb to assist with their arboreal movement; the proboscis monkey
Proboscis Monkey
The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey, known as the bekantan in Malay, is a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey that is endemic to the south-east Asian island of Borneo...
has an extraordinary nose while the snub-nosed monkey
Snub-nosed monkey
Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus Rhinopithecus. The genus occurs rarely and needs much more research...
s have almost no nose at all; the penis
Penis
The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...
of the male Mandrill is colored red and the scrotum
Scrotum
In some male mammals the scrotum is a dual-chambered protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles and divided by a septum. It is an extension of the perineum, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with curly...
has a lilac
Lilac (color)
Lilac is a color that is a pale tone of violet that is a representation of the average color of most lilac flowers. It might also be described as light purple. The colors of some lilac flowers may be equivalent to the colors shown below as pale lilac, rich lilac, or deep lilac...
color, while the face also has bright coloration like the genitalia and this develops in only the dominant male of a multi-male group.
Omnivore
Omnivores are species that eat both plants and animals as their primary food source...
, but all prefer plant matter, which forms the bulk of their diet. Leaf monkeys
Colobinae
Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 59 species in 10 genera, including the skunk-like black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into...
are the most vegetarian, subsisting primarily on leaves, and eating only a small number of insects, while the other species are highly opportunistic, primarily eating fruit, but also consuming almost any food items available, such as flowers, leaves, bulbs and rhizome
Rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes...
s, insects, snails, and even small vertebrates.
Gestation
Gestation
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time ....
in the Old World monkeys lasts between five and seven months. Births are usually single, although, as with humans, twin births do also occur from time to time. The young are born relatively well developed, and are able to cling onto their mother's fur with their hands from birth. Compared with most other mammals, they take a long time to reach sexual maturity, with four to six years being typical of most species.
In most species, daughters remain with their mothers for life, so that the basic social group among Old World monkeys is a matrilineal
Matrilineality
Matrilineality is a system in which descent is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors. Matrilineality is also a societal system in which one belongs to one's matriline or mother's lineage, which can involve the inheritance of property and/or titles.A matriline is a line of descent from a...
troop. Males leave the group on reaching adolescence, and find a new troop to join. In many species, only a single adult male lives with each group, driving off all rivals, but others are more tolerant, establishing hierarchical relationships between dominant and subordinate males. Group sizes are highly variable, even within species, depending on the availability of food and other resources.
Classification
Two subfamilies are recognized, the CercopithecinaeCercopithecinae
The Cercopithecinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkeys, that includes in its roughly 71 species the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys...
, which are mainly African but include the diverse genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of macaque
Macaque
The macaques constitute a genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. - Description :Aside from humans , the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from Japan to Afghanistan and, in the case of the barbary macaque, to North Africa...
s which are Asian and North African, and the Colobinae
Colobinae
Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 59 species in 10 genera, including the skunk-like black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into...
, which includes most of the Asian genera but also the African colobus monkeys.
- Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
- Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
- Subfamily CercopithecinaeCercopithecinaeThe Cercopithecinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkeys, that includes in its roughly 71 species the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys...
- Tribe CercopitheciniCercopitheciniCercopithecini is a tribe of Old World monkey that includes several monkey species, including the vervet monkeys, talapoins and the guenons, all in Africa.- Classification :* FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDAE** Subfamily Cercopithecinae*** Tribe Cercopithecini...
- Genus AllenopithecusAllen's Swamp MonkeyAllen's swamp monkey is a primate species that is categorized in its own genus Allenopithecus in the Old World monkey family...
- Allen's swamp monkeyAllen's Swamp MonkeyAllen's swamp monkey is a primate species that is categorized in its own genus Allenopithecus in the Old World monkey family...
, Allenopithecus nigroviridis
- Allen's swamp monkey
- Genus Miopithecus – talapoins
- Angolan talapoinAngolan TalapoinThe Angolan talapoin , also known as the southern talapoin, is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in riparian habitats in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Unlike the related Gabon talapoin, the Angolan Talapoin has blackish ears and facial skin down to...
, Miopithecus talapoin - Gabon talapoinGabon TalapoinThe Gabon talapoin , also known as the northern talapoin, is a small species of African monkey in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in riparian habitats in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, western Republic of the Congo and far northern Angola...
, Miopithecus ogouensis
- Angolan talapoin
- Genus ErythrocebusPatas MonkeyThe patas monkey , also known as the Wadi monkey or Hussar monkey, is a ground-dwelling monkey distributed over semi-arid areas of West Africa, and into East Africa. It is the only species classified in the genus Erythrocebus...
- Patas monkeyPatas MonkeyThe patas monkey , also known as the Wadi monkey or Hussar monkey, is a ground-dwelling monkey distributed over semi-arid areas of West Africa, and into East Africa. It is the only species classified in the genus Erythrocebus...
, Erythrocebus patas
- Patas monkey
- Genus ChlorocebusChlorocebusChlorocebus is a genus of medium-sized primates from the family of Old World monkeys. There are six species currently recognized, although some classify them all as a single species with numerous subspecies...
- Green monkeyGreen MonkeyThe green monkey , also known as the Callithrix monkey, is an Old World monkey with golden-green fur and pale hands and feet. The tip of the tail is golden yellow as are the backs of the thighs and cheek whiskers. It does not have a distinguishing band of fur on the brow, like other Chlorocebus...
, Chlorocebus sabaeus - GrivetGrivetThe grivet is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face. Some authorities consider this and all of the members of the genus Chlorocebus to be a single species, Cercopithecus aethiops. As here defined, the grivet is restricted to Ethiopia, Sudan, Djibouti and...
, Chlorocebus aethiops - Bale Mountains vervetBale Mountains VervetThe Bale Mountains vervet is a terrestrial Old World monkey endemic to Ethiopia, found in the bamboo forests of the Bale Mountains. It was originally described as a subspecies of the grivet . All species in Chlorocebus were formerly in the genus Cercopithecus....
, Chlorocebus djamdjamensis - Tantalus monkeyTantalus MonkeyThe Tantalus monkey is an Old World monkey endemic to Ghana, Sudan, and Kenya. It was originally described as a subspecies of the grivet...
, Chlorocebus tantalus - Vervet monkeyVervet MonkeyThe vervet monkey , or simply vervet, is an Old World monkey of the family Cercopithecidae native to Africa. The term "vervet" is also used to refer to all the members of the genus Chlorocebus....
, Chlorocebus pygerythrus - MalbrouckMalbrouckThe malbrouck is a primate from Africa that belongs to the genus Chlorocebus. The species is sometimes classified as a subspecies of the Vervet Monkey , or of the widespread Grivet ....
, Chlorocebus cynosuros
- Green monkey
- Genus Cercopithecus – guenons
- Dryas monkeyDryas MonkeyThe Dryas monkey , also known as Salonga monkey or ntolu, is a little-known species of guenon found only in the Congo Basin, restricted to the left bank of the Congo River. It is now established that the animals previously classified as Cercopithecus salongo were in fact Dryas monkeys...
or Salongo monkey, Cercopithecus dryas - Diana monkeyDiana MonkeyThe Diana monkey is an Old World monkey found in West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Côte d'Ivoire.The Diana monkey ranges from 40 to 55 cm in length, excluding its tail, which is of a uniform 3–4 cm diameter and 50–75 cm long. Adults weigh between 4–7 kg...
, Cercopithecus diana - Roloway monkeyRoloway MonkeyThe Roloway monkey is a species of Old World monkey found in a small area of eastern Côte d'Ivoire and the forests of Ghana, between the Sassandra and Pra Rivers....
, Cercopithecus roloway - Greater spot-nosed monkeyGreater Spot-nosed MonkeyThe greater spot-nosed monkey or Putty-nosed monkey is one of the smallest Old World monkeys. It is a guenon of the C. mitis group, native to West Africa and living to some extent in rain forests but more often in the transition zone between rain forest and savannah. It is primarily arboreal and...
, Cercopithecus nictitans - Blue monkeyBlue MonkeyThe blue monkey or diademed monkey is a species of Old World monkey native to Central and East Africa, ranging from the upper Congo River basin east to the Great Rift Valley and south to northern Angola and Zambia...
, Cercopithecus mitis - Silver monkeySilver MonkeyThe silver monkey is a species of Old World monkey found primarily in East Africa. Its range includes Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The silver monkey was previously considered a subspecies of the blue monkey .- External links :* Flickr -...
, Cercopithecus doggetti - Golden monkeyGolden MonkeyThe golden monkey is a species of Old World monkey found in the Virunga volcanic mountains of Central Africa, including four national parks: Mgahinga, in south-west Uganda; Volcanoes, in north-west Rwanda; and Virunga and Kahuzi-Biéga, in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo...
, Cercopithecus kandti - Sykes's monkey, Cercopithecus albogularis
- Mona monkeyMona MonkeyThe mona monkey is an Old World monkey that lives throughout western Africa. The mona monkey can also be found on the island of Grenada as it was transported to the island aboard slave ships headed to the New World during the 18th century. This guenon lives in groups of up to 35 in arboreal regions...
, Cercopithecus mona - Campbell's mona monkeyCampbell's Mona MonkeyCampbell's mona monkey , also known as Campbell's guenon and Campbell's monkey, is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family...
, Cercopithecus campbelli - Lowe's mona monkeyLowe's Mona MonkeyLowe's mona monkey is an Old World monkey in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found from the Ivory Coast to Ghana. It was previously classified as a subspecies of Campbell's mona monkey C. campbelli....
, Cercopithecus lowei - Crested mona monkeyCrested Mona MonkeyThe crested mona monkey , also known as the crowned guenon, crowned monkey, golden-bellied guenon, or golden-bellied monkey, is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family...
, Cercopithecus pogonias - Wolf's mona monkeyWolf's Mona MonkeyThe Wolf's mona monkey , also called Wolf's guenon, is a colorful Old World monkey in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in central Africa, primarily between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. It lives in primary and secondary lowland rainforest and swamp forest.-Taxonomy:Wolf's...
, Cercopithecus wolfi - Dent's mona monkeyDent's Mona MonkeyDent's mona monkey is an Old World monkey in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Congo, Rwanda, western Uganda, and the Central African Republic. It was previously classified as a subspecies of Wolf's mona monkey C. wolf....
, Cercopithecus denti - Lesser spot-nosed monkeyLesser Spot-nosed MonkeyThe lesser spot-nosed monkey, lesser spot-nosed guenon, lesser white-nosed guenon, or lesser white-nosed monkey is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo, possibly Gambia, possibly Guinea-Bissau, and...
, Cercopithecus petaurista - White-throated guenonWhite-throated GuenonThe white-throated guenon , also known as the red-bellied monkey and the red-bellied guenon, is a diurnal primate that lives on trees of rainforests or tropical areas of Nigeria and Benin....
, Cercopithecus erythrogaster - Sclater's guenonSclater's GuenonSclater's guenon , also known as Sclater's monkey and the Nigerian monkey, is an Old World monkey that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1904 and named after Philip Sclater. It is an arboreal and diurnal primate that lives in the forests of southern Nigeria...
, Cercopithecus sclateri - Red-eared guenonRed-eared GuenonThe red-eared guenon, red-eared monkey, or russet-eared guenon is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Cercopithecus erythrotis - Moustached guenonMoustached GuenonThe moustached guenon or moustached monkey is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon....
, Cercopithecus cephus - Red-tailed monkeyRed-tailed MonkeyThe red-tailed monkey, black-cheeked white-nosed monkey, red-tailed guenon, redtail monkey, or Schmidt's guenon is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania,...
, Cercopithecus ascanius - L'Hoest's monkeyL'Hoest's MonkeyL'Hoest's monkey , or mountain monkey, is a guenon found in the upper eastern Congo basin. They mostly live in mountainous forest areas in small, female-dominated groups...
, Cercopithecus lhoesti - Preuss's monkeyPreuss's MonkeyPreuss's monkey , also known as Preuss's guenon, is a diurnal primate that lives terrestrially in mountainous forests of eastern Nigeria, western Cameroon and Bioko in Equatorial Guinea. It is sometimes classified as a subspecies of the L'Hoest's monkey Preuss's monkey (Cercopithecus preussi),...
, Cercopithecus preussi - Sun-tailed monkeySun-tailed MonkeyThe sun-tailed monkey , also known as the sun-tailed guenon, is a primate that lives semi-terrestrially in one hilly area of moist evergreen forest in Gabon....
, Cercopithecus solatus - Hamlyn's monkeyHamlyn's MonkeyHamlyn's monkey , also known as the owl-faced monkey, is a species of Old World monkey that inhabits the bamboo and primary rainforests of the Congo. This species is exceedingly rare and known only from a few specimens; little is known about it...
, Cercopithecus hamlyni - De Brazza's monkeyDe Brazza's MonkeyDe Brazza's monkey is an Old World monkey endemic to the wetlands of central Africa.- Taxonomy :Locally known as swamp monkeys, these primates are named after the Italian-French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza. They were given the species name neglectus because of their skill in hiding from...
, Cercopithecus neglectus
- Dryas monkey
- Genus Allenopithecus
- Tribe PapioniniPapioniniPapionini is a tribe of Old World monkey that includes several large monkey species, including the macaques, baboons and the Mandrill.- Classification :* FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDAE** Subfamily Cercopithecinae*** Tribe Cercopithecini*** Tribe Papionini...
- Genus MacacaMacaqueThe macaques constitute a genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. - Description :Aside from humans , the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from Japan to Afghanistan and, in the case of the barbary macaque, to North Africa...
– macaques- Barbary macaqueBarbary MacaqueThe Barbary Macaque , or Common macaque, is a macaque with no tail. Found in the Atlas Mountains of Algeria and Morocco with a small population, of unknown origin, in Gibraltar, the Barbary Macaque is one of the best-known Old World monkey species. Besides humans, they are the only primates that...
, Macaca sylvanus - Lion-tailed macaqueLion-tailed MacaqueThe lion-tailed macaque is an Old World monkey that is endemic to the Western Ghats of South India.-Physical Characteristics:...
, Macaca silenus - Southern pig-tailed macaqueSouthern Pig-tailed MacaqueThe southern pig-tailed macaque is a medium-sized Old World monkey found in the southern half of the Malay Peninsula , Borneo, Sumatra and Bangka Island. This omnivorous macaque is mostly found in forest, but will also enter plantations and gardens...
or Beruk, Macaca nemestrina - Northern pig-tailed macaqueNorthern Pig-tailed MacaqueThe northern pig-tailed macaque is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Traditionally, it has been considered a subspecies of M. nemestrina...
, Macaca leonina - Pagai island macaquePagai Island MacaqueThe Pagai Island macaque , also known as the Pagai macaque or Bokkoi, is an Old World monkey that is endemic to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List due to its ever-shrinking habitat. It formerly included the overall darker M...
or Bokkoi, Macaca pagensis - Siberut macaqueSiberut MacaqueThe Siberut macaque is a vulnerable species of macaque, which is endemic to Siberut Island in Indonesia. It was formerly considered conspecific with M. pagensis , but this arrangement is polyphyletic. Both were formerly considered subspecies of M. nemestrina....
, Macaca siberu - Moor macaqueMoor MacaqueThe moor macaque is a macaque with brown/black body fur with a pale rump patch and pink bare skin on the rump. It is about 50-58.5 cm and eats figs, bamboo seeds, buds, sprouts, invertebrates and cereals in tropical rainforests...
, Macaca maura - Booted macaqueBooted MacaqueThe booted macaque is a macaque of the Sulawesi island, Indonesia. This Old World monkey is diurnal and spends most of the day in the trees.It is 50–59 cm long plus a tail of 35–40 cm....
, Macaca ochreata - Tonkean macaqueTonkean MacaqueThe Tonkean black macaque or Tonkean macaque is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to central Sulawesi and the nearby Togian Islands in Indonesia. It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Macaca tonkeana - Heck's macaqueHeck's MacaqueHeck's macaque is a macaque of the Sulawesi island, Indonesia. This Old World monkey is diurnal.Heck's macaque feeds on fruits.-External links:*...
, Macaca hecki - Gorontalo macaqueGorontalo MacaqueThe Dumoga-bone Macaque or Gorontalo macaque is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia....
, Macaca nigrescens - Celebes crested macaqueCelebes Crested MacaqueThe Celebes crested macaque , also known as the crested black macaque, Sulawesi crested macaque, or the black ape, is an Old World monkey that lives in the northeast of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi as well as on smaller neighboring islands.-Description:Its skin and hairless face is, with the...
or Black "ape", Macaca nigra - Crab-eating macaqueCrab-eating MacaqueThe Crab-eating macaque is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia. It is also called the "long-tailed macaque", and is referred to as the "cynomolgus monkey" in laboratories.-Etymology:...
or Long-tailed macaque or Kera, Macaca fascicularis - Stump-tailed macaqueStump-tailed MacaqueThe stump-tailed macaque , also called the bear macaque, is a species of macaque found in Southern Asia. In India, it is found in south of the Brahmaputra river, in northeastern part of the country.Its range in India extends from Assam and Meghalaya to eastern Aruanchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur,...
or Bear macaque, Macaca arctoides - Rhesus macaqueRhesus MacaqueThe Rhesus macaque , also called the Rhesus monkey, is one of the best-known species of Old World monkeys. It is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and its tolerance of a broad range of habitats...
, Macaca mulatta - Formosan rock macaqueFormosan Rock MacaqueThe Formosan Rock Macaque is a macaque endemic to the island of Taiwan and has been introduced to Japan. Besides humans, Formosan Rock Macaques are the only native primates living in Taiwan.-Physical Characteristics:...
, Macaca cyclopis - Japanese macaqueJapanese MacaqueThe Japanese macaque , historically known as saru , but now known as Nihonzaru to distinguish it from other primates, is a terrestrial Old World monkey species native to Japan....
, Macaca fuscata - Toque macaqueToque MacaqueThe toque macaque is a reddish-brown coloured Old World monkey endemic to both Sri Lanka, where it is locally known as the 'Rilewa' or 'Rilawa'...
, Macaca sinica - Bonnet macaqueBonnet MacaqueThe bonnet macaque is a macaque endemic to southern India. Its distribution is limited by the Indian Ocean on three sides and the Godavari and Tapti Rivers along with a related competing species of rhesus macaque in the north....
, Macaca radiata - Assam macaqueAssam MacaqueThe Assam macaque is a macaque of the Old World monkey family native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, the species is listed as Near Threatened by IUCN, as it is experiencing significant declines due to hunting, habitat degradation and fragmentation.- Characteristics :The Assam macaque has...
, Macaca assamensis - Tibetan macaqueTibetan macaqueThe Tibetan macaque , also known as the Chinese stump-tailed macaque or Milne-Edwards' macaque, is found from eastern Tibet east to Guangdong and north to Shaanxi in China and has recently been reported from north-eastern India. This species lives in subtropical forests at altitude that range from...
or Milne-Edwards' macaque, Macaca thibetana - Arunachal macaqueArunachal MacaqueThe Arunachal macaque , a relatively large brown primate with a comparatively short tail, is a macaque native to Arunachal Pradesh in north-eastern India. Its species name comes from Munzala as it was called by the Dirang Monpa tribe...
or Munzala, Macaca munzala
- Barbary macaque
- Genus Lophocebus – crested mangabeys
- Grey-cheeked mangabeyGrey-cheeked MangabeyThe grey-cheeked mangabey is an Old World monkey found in the forests of Central Africa. It ranges from Cameroon down to Gabon. The grey-cheeked mangabey is a dark monkey, looking in shape overall like a small, hairy baboon. Its thick brown fur is almost black in its forest home, with a slightly...
, Lophocebus albigena - Black crested mangabeyBlack Crested MangabeyThe Black crested mangabey is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Lophocebus aterrimus - Opdenbosch's mangabeyOpdenbosch's MangabeyOpdenbosch's mangabey is a species of crested mangabey in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the black crested mangabey, ....
, Lophocebus opdenboschi - Uganda mangabeyUganda MangabeyThe Uganda mangabey is a species of Old World monkey found only in Uganda. This crested mangabey was previously thought to be just be a population of the grey-cheeked mangabey . Colin Groves upgraded the Ugandan population into the new species L. ugandae on February 16, 2007...
, Lophocebus ugandae - Johnston's mangabeyJohnston's MangabeyJohnston’s mangabey is a species of crested mangabey in the Cercopithecidae family. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-cheeked mangabey , but recently was given the status of species by Groves, with Osman Hill's mangabey and the Uganda mangabey ....
, Lophocebus johnstoni - Osman Hill's mangabeyOsman Hill's MangabeyOsman Hill’s mangabey is a species of crested mangabey in the Cercopithecidae family. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-cheeked mangabey, L. albigena. It was named after William Charles Osman Hill, a primatologist, anthropologist, and anatomist from the 20th century....
, Lophocebus osmani
- Grey-cheeked mangabey
- Genus Rungwecebus
- KipunjiKipunjiThe kipunji is a species of Old World monkey that lives in the highland forests of Tanzania. It is the only member of its genus. Also known as the highland mangabey, it is about three feet long and has long brown fur, which stands in tufts on the sides and top of its head. Its face and eyelids...
, Rungwecebus kipunji
- Kipunji
- Genus Papio – baboons
- Hamadryas baboonHamadryas BaboonThe Hamadryas baboon is a species of baboon from the Old World monkey family. It is the northernmost of all the baboons; being native to the Horn of Africa and the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. These regions provide habitats with the advantage for this species of fewer natural...
, Papio hamadryas - Guinea baboonGuinea BaboonThe Guinea baboon is a baboon from the Old World monkey family. Some classifications list only two species in the genus Papio, this one and the Hamadryas baboon. In those classifications, all other Papio species are considered subspecies of P...
, Papio papio - Olive baboonOlive BaboonThe olive baboon , also called the Anubis baboon, is a member of the family Cercopithecidae . The species is the most widely spread of all baboons: it is found in 25 countries throughout Africa, extending south from Mali to Ethiopia and to Tanzania. Isolated populations are also found in some...
, Papio anubis - Yellow baboonYellow BaboonThe yellow baboon is a baboon from the Old World monkey family.Cynocephalus literally means "dog-head" in Greek due to the shape of its muzzle and head. It has a slim body with long arms and legs and a yellowish-brown hair. It resembles the Chacma baboon but is smaller and its muzzle is not as...
, Papio cynocephalus - Chacma baboonChacma BaboonThe Chacma baboon , also known as the Cape baboon, is, like all other baboons, from the Old World monkey family. With a body length of up to 115 cm and a weight from 15 to 31 kg, it is among the largest and heaviest baboon species. The Chacma is generally dark brown to gray in color,...
, Papio ursinus
- Hamadryas baboon
- Genus Theropithecus
- GeladaGeladaThe gelada , sometimes called the gelada baboon, is a species of Old World monkey found only in the Ethiopian Highlands, with large populations in the Semien Mountains...
, Theropithecus gelada
- Gelada
- Genus Cercocebus – white-eyelid mangabeys
- Sooty mangabeySooty MangabeyThe sooty mangabey is an Old World monkey found in forests from Senegal east to Ghana. It is famous for being believed to be the monkey that HIV-2 might have originated in before jumping species...
, Cercocebus atys - Collared mangabeyCollared MangabeyThe collared mangabey , also known as the red-capped mangabey, white-collared mangabey , or cherry-crowned mangabey, is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family of Old World monkeys. It formerly included the sooty mangabey as a subspecies...
, Cercocebus torquatus - Agile mangabeyAgile MangabeyThe agile mangabey is an Old World monkey of the white-eyelid mangabey group found in swampy forests of Central Africa in Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, and DR Congo. Until 1978, it was considered a subspecies of the Tana River mangabey . More...
, Cercocebus agilis - Golden-bellied mangabeyGolden-bellied MangabeyThe golden-bellied mangabey is a social Old World monkey found in swampy, humid forests south of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was previously considered a subspecies of the agile mangabey .-References:...
, Cercocebus chrysogaster - Tana River mangabeyTana River MangabeyThe Tana River mangabey is a highly endangered species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. Some authorities have included the taxa agilis and sanjei as subspecies of this species, while others award these full species status.It is endemic to riverine forest patches along the lower Tana River...
, Cercocebus galeritus - Sanje mangabeySanje MangabeyThe Sanje mangabey is a highly endangered Old World monkey of the white-eyelid mangabey group from Tanzania. They are about 50-65 centimeters long, excluding tail, and weigh about 7-9 kilograms, and their body color is greyish. They live in valley forests, but are mostly ground-dwelling, which...
, Cercocebus sanjei
- Sooty mangabey
- Genus MandrillusMandrillusMandrillus is the genus of the mandrill and its close relative the drill. These two species are closely related to the baboons, and until recently were lumped together as a single species of baboon. Both Mandrillus species have long furrows on either side of their elongated snouts. The adult male...
- MandrillMandrillThe mandrill is a primate of the Old World monkey family, closely related to the baboons and even more closely to the drill. Both the mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in genus Papio, but recent research has determined they should be separated into their own genus, Mandrillus...
, Mandrillus sphinx - DrillDrill (mammal)The Drill is a primate of the family Cercopithecidae , closely related to the Baboons and even more closely to the Mandrill.-Description:...
, Mandrillus leucophaeus
- Mandrill
- Genus Macaca
- Tribe Cercopithecini
- Subfamily ColobinaeColobinaeColobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 59 species in 10 genera, including the skunk-like black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into...
- African group
- Genus Colobus – black-and-white colobuses
- Black colobusBlack ColobusThe black colobus or Satanic black colobus is an Old World monkey belonging to the Colobus genus. This monkey is considered by some to be the most primitive of the colobus monkeys. The black colobus has dark skin under a long black coat of fur and a long black tail...
, Colobus satanas - Angola colobusAngola ColobusThe Angola colobus, Angolan black-and-white colobus or Angolan colobus is an arboreal Old World monkey belonging to the Colobus genus....
, Colobus angolensis - King colobusKing ColobusThe king colobus , also known as the western black-and-white colobus, is a species of Old World monkey, found in lowland and mountain rain forests in a region stretching between Gambia and Côte d'Ivoire within Africa. It eats mainly leaves, but also fruits and flowers. Though it is arboreal, it...
, Colobus polykomos - Ursine colobusUrsine ColobusThe ursine colobus is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo, as well as very southernmost Burkina Faso...
, Colobus vellerosus - Mantled guerezaMantled GuerezaThe mantled guereza , also known simply as the guereza, the eastern black-and-white colobus, or the Abyssinian black-and-white colobus, is a black and white colobus monkey, a kind of Old World monkey...
, Colobus guereza
- Black colobus
- Genus Piliocolobus – red colobuses
- Western red colobusWestern Red ColobusThe western red colobus is a species of Old World monkey found in West African forests from Senegal to Ghana. All other species of red colobuses have formerly been considered subspecies of P. badius. It is often hunted by the common chimpanzee...
, Piliocolobus badius - Pennant's colobusPennant's ColobusPennant's colobus is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. Its distribution is peculiarly disjunct and has been considered a biogeographical puzzle, with one population on the island of Bioko , a second in the Niger River Delta in southern Nigeria, and a third in east-central...
, Piliocolobus pennantii - Preuss's red colobusPreuss's Red ColobusPreuss's red colobus is a red colobus primate species endemic to the Cross-Sanaga Rivers ecoregion. An important population occurs in Korup National Park, Southwest Province, Cameroon, but the species' distribution is localized...
, Piliocolobus preussi - Thollon's red colobusThollon's Red ColobusThollon's red colobus , also known as the Tshuapa red colobus, is a species of red colobus monkey from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and lower Republic of the Congo. It is found south of Congo River and west of Lomami River. It had once been considered a subspecies of the P. badius...
, Piliocolobus tholloni - Central African red colobusCentral African Red ColobusThe Central African red colobus is an Old World monkey in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in humid forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, and Sudan.-Taxonomy:...
, Piliocolobus foai - Ugandan red colobusUgandan Red ColobusThe Ugandan red colobus is a species of red colobus monkey found in forests of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and western Tanzania. It has been considered a subspecies of P. badius, and later a subspecies of P. foai. It was recognised as a distinct species by Groves in 2001, while others have suggested...
, Piliocolobus tephrosceles - Uzungwa red colobusUzungwa Red ColobusThe Uzungwa red colobus , also known as the Udzungwa red colobus or Iringa red colobus, is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to riverine and montane forest in the Udzungwa Mountains in Tanzania. It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Piliocolobus gordonorum - Zanzibar red colobusZanzibar Red ColobusThe Zanzibar red colobus is a species of red colobus monkey endemic to Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar archipelago, off the coast of Tanzania. It is also known as Kirk's red colobus after Sir John Kirk , the British Resident of Zanzibar who first brought it to the attention of zoological...
, Piliocolobus kirkii - Tana River red colobusTana River Red ColobusThe Tana River red colobus , also called the eastern red colobus, is a highly endangered species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to a narrow zone of gallery forest near the Tana River in southeastern Kenya. As all red colobuses, it was formerly considered a subspecies of a...
, Piliocolobus rufomitratus
- Western red colobus
- Genus ProcolobusProcolobusProcolobus is the genus of the red colobus monkeys and the olive colobus. Some authorities restrict the genus Procolobus to the olive colobus, placing the remaining in Piliocolobus. They are found in Africa where almost entirely restricted to forests...
- Olive colobusOlive ColobusThe olive colobus or Van Beneden's colobus is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in tropical West Africa, ranging from Sierra Leone to Nigeria. Its natural habitats are second growth within tall forests, palm forests and swamps...
, Procolobus verus
- Olive colobus
- Genus Colobus – black-and-white colobuses
- Langur (leaf monkey) group
- Genus SemnopithecusGray langurGray langurs or Hanuman langurs, the most widespread langurs of South Asia, are a group of Old World monkeys constituting the entirety of the genus Semnopithecus. All taxa have traditionally been placed in the single species Semnopithecus entellus...
– gray langurs or Hanuman langurs- Nepal gray langurNepal Gray LangurNepal gray langur is a gray langur endemic to the Himalayas in Nepal, far southwestern China, northern India, northern Pakistan, Bhutan and possibly Afghanistan...
, Semnopithecus schistaceus - Kashmir gray langurKashmir Gray LangurThe Kashmir gray langur is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. This, like other gray langurs, is a leaf-eating monkey. It is found in India west into Pakistani Kashmir and Nepal...
, Semnopithecus ajax - Tarai gray langurTarai Gray LangurThe Tarai gray langur is an Old World monkey, and was formerly considered a subspecies of the northern plains gray langur...
, Semnopithecus hector - Northern plains gray langurNorthern Plains Gray LangurThe northern plains gray langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in India on the lowlands north of the Godavari and Krishna rivers and south of the Ganges. It is thought to be introduced to western Bangladesh by Hindu pilgrims on the bank of the Jalangi River...
, Semnopithecus entellus - Black-footed gray langurBlack-footed Gray LangurThe black-footed gray langur is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. This, like other gray langurs, is a leaf-eating monkey found in south India.-References:...
, Semnopithecus hypoleucos - Southern plains gray langurSouthern Plains Gray LangurThe southern plains gray langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in south west and west central India. Commonly known as Hanuman langur, this is the most widely found species of langur in India....
, Semnopithecus dussumieri - Tufted gray langurTufted Gray LangurThe tufted gray langur is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. This, like other gray langurs, is a leaf-eating monkey. It is found in southeast India and Sri Lanka. It is one of several Semnopithecus species named after characters from The Iliad, along with Semnopithecus hector...
, Semnopithecus priam
- Nepal gray langur
- Genus Trachypithecus – lutungs
- T. vetulus group
- Purple-faced langurPurple-faced LangurThe purple-faced langur , or purple-faced leaf monkey, is a species of Old World monkey endemic to Sri Lanka.This is a long-tailed arboreal species, mainly brown with a dark facemask and paler lower face...
, Trachypithecus vetulus - Nilgiri langurNilgiri LangurThe Nilgiri langur is a lutung found in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats in South India. Its range also includes Kodagu in Karnataka,Kodayar Hills in Tamil Nadu and many other hilly areas in Kerala and Tamil nadu. This primate has glossy black fur on its body and golden brown fur on its head...
, Trachypithecus johnii
- Purple-faced langur
- T. cristatus group
- Javan lutungJavan LutungThe Javan lutung, Trachypithecus auratus also known as the ebony lutung and Javan langur, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and "sideburns". It is found on and endemic to the island of Java, as well as on...
, Trachypithecus auratus - Silvery lutungSilvery LutungThe silvery lutung , also known as the silvered leaf monkey or the silvery langur, is an Old World monkey. It is arboreal, living in coastal, mangrove, and riverine forests in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo....
or Silvered leaf monkey, Trachypithecus cristatus - Indochinese lutungIndochinese LutungThe Indochinese lutung is a lutung native to Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Old World monkey was previously included in Trachypithecus cristatus and Trachypithecus villosus.Two subspecies are recognized:...
, Trachypithecus germaini - Tenasserim lutungTenasserim LutungThe Tenasserim lutung is a species of lutung. It is found in Myanmar and Thailand.It is named after the Tenasserim Hills....
, Trachypithecus barbei
- Javan lutung
- T. obscurus group
- Dusky leaf monkeyDusky Leaf Monkeythumb|200px|left|adult male spectacled langurThe dusky leaf monkey, spectacled langur, or spectacled leaf monkey is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family...
or Spectacled leaf monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus - Phayre's leaf monkeyPhayre's Leaf MonkeyPhayre's leaf monkey , also known as Phayre's langur, is a species of lutung found in Southeast Asia. The species epithet commemorates Arthur Purves Phayre....
, Trachypithecus phayrei
- Dusky leaf monkey
- T. pileatus group
- Capped langurCapped LangurThe capped langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, China, India, and Myanmar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests...
, Trachypithecus pileatus - Shortridge's langurShortridge's LangurShortridge's langur is a lutung native to Burma and China....
, Trachypithecus shortridgei - Gee's golden langurGee's Golden LangurGee's golden langur , or simply the golden langur, is an Old World monkey found in a small region of western Assam, India and in the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan. It is one of the most endangered primate species of India...
, Trachypithecus geei
- Capped langur
- T. francoisi group
- Francois' langurFrancois' LangurFrancois' langur or Francois' leaf monkey is a species of lutung and the type species of its species group. Francois' langur belongs to the Colobinae subfamily, Cercopithecidae family, in the Primates order...
, Trachypithecus francoisi - Hatinh langurHatinh LangurThe Hatinh langur is a highly threatened Old World monkey found in limestone forests in Vietnam, primarily in the Quang Binh Province. A recent survey discovered a small population living in the Quang Tri Province. Contrary to its name, it is not known from the Ha Tinh Province...
, Trachypithecus hatinhensis - White-headed langurWhite-headed LangurThe white-headed langur is a critically endangered langur from Cat Ba Island, Vietnam , and Guangxi, China . Both taxa are overall blackish, but the crown, cheeks and neck are yellowish in T. p. poliocephalus, while they, as suggested by its scientific name, are white in T. p...
, Trachypithecus poliocephalus - Laotian langurLaotian LangurThe Laotian langur or white-browed black langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to Laos. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests...
, Trachypithecus laotum - Delacour's langurDelacour's LangurThe Delacour's langur, or Delacour's lutung, is a critically endangered species of lutung endemic to Vietnam. It is considered to be one of the world's most endangered primate species...
, Trachypithecus delacouri - Indochinese black langurIndochinese Black LangurThe Indochinese black langur is a poorly known lutung native to Laos and adjacent Vietnam. It was originally described as a subspecies of T. auratus, but was later found to be a member of the T. francoisi group, with some maintaining it as a subspecies of that species...
, Trachypithecus ebenus
- Francois' langur
- T. vetulus group
- Genus Presbytis – surilis
- Sumatran suriliSumatran SuriliThe Sumatran surili is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-External links:...
, Presbytis melalophos - Banded suriliBanded SuriliThe banded surili is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the Thai-Malay Peninsula and the Indonesia island of Sumatra. It is threatened by habitat loss. Three subspecies, femoralis , robinsoni and percura, are recognized here, but the taxonomy is complex and...
, Presbytis femoralis - Sarawak suriliSarawak SuriliThe Sarawak surili is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo, where it is distributed north of the Kapuas River in Kalimantan, Indonesia, the Malaysia states of Sarawak and Sabah, and in Brunei. Its taxonomy is complex and...
, Presbytis chrysomelas - White-thighed suriliWhite-thighed SuriliThe white-thighed surili is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the Thai-Malay Peninsula, the Riau Archipelago and Sumatra. Four subspecies, siamensis , cana, paenulata and rhionis, are recognized here, but the taxonomy is disputed and in need of a review, and it...
, Presbytis siamensis - White-fronted suriliWhite-fronted SuriliThe white-fronted surili is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and possibly Brunei. Its body is mainly grey-brown, with a distinct white spot on the forehead. Its chin and lower cheeks are greyish. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical...
, Presbytis frontata - Javan suriliJavan SuriliThe Javan surili is an endangered species of Old World monkey endemic to the western half of Java, Indonesia, a biodiversity hotspot...
, Presbytis comata - Thomas's langurThomas's LangurThomas's langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Presbytis thomasi - Hose's langurHose's LangurHose's langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the island of Borneo, including Brunei, Kalimantan , and East Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.- External links :* ARKive -...
, Presbytis hosei - Maroon leaf monkeyMaroon Leaf MonkeyThe maroon langur, maroon leaf monkey, or red leaf monkey is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found on the southeast Asian island of Borneo and the nearby smaller Karimata....
, Presbytis rubicunda - Mentawai langurMentawai LangurThe Mentawai langur is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the Mentawai Islands in Indonesia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss....
or Joja, Presbytis potenziani - Natuna Island suriliNatuna Island SuriliThe Natuna Island surili is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to the Indonesian island of Natuna Besar. It was separated from P. siamensis by Groves in 2001....
, Presbytis natunae
- Sumatran surili
- Genus Semnopithecus
- Odd-Nosed group
- Genus Pygathrix – doucs
- Red-shanked doucRed-shanked DoucThe red-shanked douc is a species of Old World monkey, among the most colourful of all primates. This attractive monkey is sometimes called the "costumed ape" for its extravagant appearance. From its knees to its ankles it sports maroon-red "stockings", and it appears to wear white forearm length...
, Pygathrix nemaeus - Black-shanked doucBlack-shanked DoucThe black-shanked douc is an endangered species of douc found in forests of Vietnam and Cambodia. This species is unique among the doucs in having a largely greyish-blue face. A recent report by the Wildlife Conservation Society estimated that approximately 42,000 black-shanked doucs were present...
, Pygathrix nigripes - Gray-shanked doucGray-shanked DoucThe gray-shanked douc langur is a douc species native to the Vietnamese provinces of Quang Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Binh Dinh, Kon Tum, and Gia Lai. The total population is estimated at 550 to 700 individuals.-Physical description:...
, Pygathrix cinerea
- Red-shanked douc
- Genus Rhinopithecus – snub-nosed monkeys
- Golden snub-nosed monkeyGolden Snub-nosed MonkeyThe golden snub-nosed monkey is an Old World monkey in the Colobinae subfamily. It is endemic to a small area in temperate, mountainous forests of central and Southwest China. The Chinese name is sichuan golden hair monkey . It is also widely referred to as the sichuan snub-nosed monkey...
, Rhinopithecus roxellana - Black snub-nosed monkeyBlack Snub-nosed MonkeyThe black snub-nosed monkey , also known as the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, is an endangered species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to China, where it is known to the locals as the Yunnan golden hair monkey and the black golden hair monkey...
, Rhinopithecus bieti - Gray snub-nosed monkeyGray Snub-nosed MonkeyThe gray snub-nosed monkey , also known as the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey, is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to China, where it is known as the Guizhou golden hair monkey or gray golden hair monkey . It is threatened by habitat loss...
, Rhinopithecus brelichi - Tonkin snub-nosed langurTonkin Snub-nosed LangurThe Tonkin snub-nosed monkey or Dollman's snub-nosed monkey is a species of colobine endemic to northwestern Vietnam....
, Rhinopithecus avunculus
- Golden snub-nosed monkey
- Genus NasalisProboscis MonkeyThe proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey, known as the bekantan in Malay, is a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey that is endemic to the south-east Asian island of Borneo...
- Proboscis monkeyProboscis MonkeyThe proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey, known as the bekantan in Malay, is a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey that is endemic to the south-east Asian island of Borneo...
, Nasalis larvatus
- Proboscis monkey
- Genus SimiasPig-tailed LangurThe pig-tailed langur is a large, rather heavily built Old World monkey, which is adapted to climbing with its long arms. Its fur is black-brown, and its hairless face is also black. It is the only monkey in the subfamily Colobinae to have a relatively short tail; the tail is only slightly furred...
- Pig-tailed langurPig-tailed LangurThe pig-tailed langur is a large, rather heavily built Old World monkey, which is adapted to climbing with its long arms. Its fur is black-brown, and its hairless face is also black. It is the only monkey in the subfamily Colobinae to have a relatively short tail; the tail is only slightly furred...
, Simias concolor
- Pig-tailed langur
- Genus Pygathrix – doucs
- African group
- Subfamily Cercopithecinae
- Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys