Minuscule 181
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 181 α 101 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Formerly it was labelled by 40a, 46p, and 12r.
It has marginalia
.
, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles
and Book of Revelation
with only one lacunae
(Titus 3:3 – Philemon), on 169 elegant parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, in 26-32 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains Prolegomena, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading), subscriptions at the end of each book, with numbers of , Menologion, and the Euthalian Apparatus
. Book of Apocalypse was added in the 15th century.
. The text of the Apocalypse is a representative of the Byzantine
. Aland
placed it in Category V. The text of the rest of book Aland placed in Category III.
In Acts 7:18 it reads Εγυπτον for Αιγυπτον.
In Acts 12:25 it reads απο Ιερουσαλημ (from Jerusalem) along with D
, Ψ, 436
, 614
, 2412, ℓ 147
, ℓ 809, ℓ 1021, ℓ 1141, ℓ 1364, ℓ 1439, ar, d, gig
, vg, Chrysostom
; majority reads εις Ιερουσαλημ (to Jerusalem);
In Acts 16:10 it reads θεος along with P74, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Ephraemi, E
, 044, 33
, 81
, 326
, 630
, 945, 1739, ar, e, l, vg, copbo, geo; other reading κυριος, is supported by D, P, 049
, 056
, 0142
, 88
, 104
, 330
, 436
, 451
, 614
, 629
, 1241, 1505, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, c, d, gig, syrp,h, copsa.
In Acts 18:26 it reads την οδον του θεου along with P74, א, A, B, 33, 88, 326, 436, 614, 2412, ℓ 60
, ℓ 1356.
In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα, for Ιησου. The reading of the manuscript is supported by אc, Dc
, K
, P
, 33
, 88
, 104
, 326
, 330
, (436
omit μη), 456
, 614
, 630
, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect.
The text of Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in Codex Angelicus
Codex Athous Lavrensis, Uncial 0209
326
330
451
460
614
1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.
In 1 Corinthians 2:1 it reads μαρτυριον along with B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syrh copsa arm eth. Other manuscripts read μυστηριον or σωτηριον.
In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (prayer) along with
11, 
46, א*, A, B
, C, D, F, G, P, Ψ, 6
, 33, 81
, 104, 629
, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting).
In 1 Timothy
3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K
, L
, P, Ψ, 81
, 104
, 326
, 330
, 436
, 451
, 614
, 629
, 630
, 1241, 1739
, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus
, Ephraemi, Boernerianus
, 33, 365
, 442
, 2127, ℓ 599.
In 2 Timothy
4:19 it has additional reading Λεκτραν την γυναικα αυτου και Σιμαιαν και Ζηνωνα τους υιους αυτου, this reading occurs in several other manuscripts and in Acta Pauli and Tecla
.
to Cardinal Dezio Azzolino, and bought from him by Alexander VIII
(1689-1691) — like codices 154
, 155
, 156
. The text of the manuscript was examined by Bandini
, Birch
(about 1782), Scholz, and Burgon. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
Formerly it was labelled by 40a, 46p, and 12r. Gregory
in 1908 gave it the number 181.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library
(Reg. gr. 179), at Rome
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Formerly it was labelled by 40a, 46p, and 12r.
It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains the text of the Acts of the ApostlesActs of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
and Book of Revelation
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
with only one lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Titus 3:3 – Philemon), on 169 elegant parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, in 26-32 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains Prolegomena, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading), subscriptions at the end of each book, with numbers of , Menologion, and the Euthalian Apparatus
Euthalian Apparatus
The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the...
. Book of Apocalypse was added in the 15th century.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a mixture of text-types in Acts and Catholic epistles. The Text of the Pauline epistles is a representative of the Western text-typeWestern text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
. The text of the Apocalypse is a representative of the Byzantine
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V. The text of the rest of book Aland placed in Category III.
In Acts 7:18 it reads Εγυπτον for Αιγυπτον.
In Acts 12:25 it reads απο Ιερουσαλημ (from Jerusalem) along with D
Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, Ψ, 436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 2412, ℓ 147
Lectionary 147
Lectionary 147, designated by siglum ℓ 147 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.- Description :...
, ℓ 809, ℓ 1021, ℓ 1141, ℓ 1364, ℓ 1439, ar, d, gig
Codex Gigas
The Codex Gigas is the largest extant medieval manuscript in the world. It is also known as the Devil's Bible because of a large illustration of the devil on the inside and the legend surrounding its creation. It is thought to have been created in the early 13th century in the Benedictine...
, vg, Chrysostom
John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom , Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his eloquence in preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, and his ascetic...
; majority reads εις Ιερουσαλημ (to Jerusalem);
In Acts 16:10 it reads θεος along with P74, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Ephraemi, E
Codex Laudianus
Codex Laudianus, designated by Ea or 08 , α 1001 , called Laudianus after the former owner, Archbishop William Laud. It is a diglot Latin — Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, palaeographically assigned to the 6th century...
, 044, 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
, 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 326
Minuscule 326
Minuscule 326 , α 257 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 33a and 39p ....
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 945, 1739, ar, e, l, vg, copbo, geo; other reading κυριος, is supported by D, P, 049
Uncial 049
Uncial 049 , α 2 . It is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 9th century.- Description :...
, 056
Uncial 056
Uncial 056 , O7 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 10th century.- Description :...
, 0142
Uncial 0142
Uncial 0142 , O6 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 10th century...
, 88
Minuscule 88
Codex Regis , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century...
, 104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
, 330
Minuscule 330
Minuscule 330 , δ 259 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 451
Minuscule 451
Minuscule 451 , α 178 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 629
Minuscule 629
Minuscule 629 , α 460 , is a Latin–Greek diglot minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It is known for the Comma Johanneum.Formerly it was labeled by 162a and...
, 1241, 1505, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, c, d, gig, syrp,h, copsa.
In Acts 18:26 it reads την οδον του θεου along with P74, א, A, B, 33, 88, 326, 436, 614, 2412, ℓ 60
Lectionary 60
Lectionary 60, designated by siglum ℓ 60 , is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is a lectionary...
, ℓ 1356.
In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα, for Ιησου. The reading of the manuscript is supported by אc, Dc
Codex Claromontanus
Codex Claromontanus, symbolized by Dp or 06 , δ 1026 , is a Greek-Latin diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, written in an uncial hand on vellum. The Greek and Latin text on facing pages...
, K
Codex Mosquensis I
Codex Mosquensis I designated by Kap or 018 , Απρ1 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of New Testament, palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century...
, P
Codex Porphyrianus
Codex Porphyrianus designated by Papr or 025 , α 3 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Acts of Apostles, Pauline epistles, and General epistles, with some lacunae, dated paleographically to the 9th century. It is one of a few uncial manuscripts that include the Book of Revelation.It was...
, 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
, 88
Minuscule 88
Codex Regis , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century...
, 104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
, 326
Minuscule 326
Minuscule 326 , α 257 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 33a and 39p ....
, 330
Minuscule 330
Minuscule 330 , δ 259 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
, (436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
omit μη), 456
Minuscule 456
Minuscule 456 , α 52 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 86a, 96p, and 75r....
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect.
The text of Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in Codex Angelicus
Codex Angelicus
Codex Angelicus designated by Lap or 020 , α 5 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century...
Codex Athous Lavrensis, Uncial 0209
Uncial 0209
Uncial 0209 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 7th century.- Description :...
326
Minuscule 326
Minuscule 326 , α 257 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 33a and 39p ....
330
Minuscule 330
Minuscule 330 , δ 259 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
451
Minuscule 451
Minuscule 451 , α 178 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
460
Minuscule 460
Minuscule 460 , α 397 , is a Greek-Latin-Arabic minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. The manuscript is lacunose...
614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.
In 1 Corinthians 2:1 it reads μαρτυριον along with B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syrh copsa arm eth. Other manuscripts read μυστηριον or σωτηριον.
In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (prayer) along with
11, 46, א*, A, BCodex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, C, D, F, G, P, Ψ, 6
Minuscule 6
Minuscule 6 , δ 356 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 235 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents and full marginalia...
, 33, 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 104, 629
Minuscule 629
Minuscule 629 , α 460 , is a Latin–Greek diglot minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It is known for the Comma Johanneum.Formerly it was labeled by 162a and...
, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting).
In 1 Timothy
First Epistle to Timothy
The First Epistle of Paul to Timothy, usually referred to simply as First Timothy and often written 1 Timothy, is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the Pastoral Epistles, the others being Second Timothy and Titus...
3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K
Codex Mosquensis I
Codex Mosquensis I designated by Kap or 018 , Απρ1 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of New Testament, palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century...
, L
Codex Angelicus
Codex Angelicus designated by Lap or 020 , α 5 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century...
, P, Ψ, 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
, 326
Minuscule 326
Minuscule 326 , α 257 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 33a and 39p ....
, 330
Minuscule 330
Minuscule 330 , δ 259 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 451
Minuscule 451
Minuscule 451 , α 178 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 629
Minuscule 629
Minuscule 629 , α 460 , is a Latin–Greek diglot minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It is known for the Comma Johanneum.Formerly it was labeled by 162a and...
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 1241, 1739
Minuscule 1739
Minuscule 1739 ; α 78 per is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 102 parchment leaves . It is dated paleographically to the 10th century.- Description :...
, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
, Ephraemi, Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus, designated by Gp or 012 , α 1028 , is a small New Testament codex, measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Dated paleographically to the 9th century. The name of the codex derives from Boerner, to whom it once belonged...
, 33, 365
Minuscule 365
Minuscule 365 , δ 367 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament with some parts of the Old Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia....
, 442
Minuscule 442
Minuscule 442 , O18 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12 or 13th century.Formerly it was assigned by 68a and 73p...
, 2127, ℓ 599.
In 2 Timothy
Second Epistle to Timothy
The Second Epistle of Paul to Timothy, usually referred to simply as Second Timothy and often written 2 Timothy, is one of the three Pastoral Epistles traditionally attributed to Saint Paul, and is part of the New Testament...
4:19 it has additional reading Λεκτραν την γυναικα αυτου και Σιμαιαν και Ζηνωνα τους υιους αυτου, this reading occurs in several other manuscripts and in Acta Pauli and Tecla
Acts of Paul and Thecla
The Acts of Paul and Thecla is an apocryphal story— Goodspeed called it a "religious romance"— of St Paul's influence on a young virgin named Thecla. It is one of the writings of the New Testament Apocrypha.- The text :...
.
History
The manuscript was given by Christina of SwedenChristina of Sweden
Christina , later adopted the name Christina Alexandra, was Queen regnant of Swedes, Goths and Vandals, Grand Princess of Finland, and Duchess of Ingria, Estonia, Livonia and Karelia, from 1633 to 1654. She was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora...
to Cardinal Dezio Azzolino, and bought from him by Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII , born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691.-Early life:Pietro Ottoboni was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice...
(1689-1691) — like codices 154
Minuscule 154
Minuscule 154 , Θε402 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on cotton paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century...
, 155
Minuscule 155
Minuscule 155 , ε 403 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 156
Minuscule 156
Minuscule 156 , ε 206 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
. The text of the manuscript was examined by Bandini
Angelo Maria Bandini
Angelo Maria Bandini was an Italian author and librarian born in Florence.Having been left an orphan in his infancy, he was supported by his uncle, Giuseppe Bandini, a lawyer of some note. He received his education among the Jesuits, and showed a special inclination for the study of antiquities...
, Birch
Andrew Birch
Andrew Birch was a professor from Copenhagen. Birch was sent in 1781–1783 by the king of Denmark, Christian VII, to examine manuscripts in Italy, Germany, and other European countries.- Life :...
(about 1782), Scholz, and Burgon. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
Formerly it was labelled by 40a, 46p, and 12r. Gregory
Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory was a American-born German theologian theologian.-Life:Gregory was born in Philadelphia. He studied theology at two Presbyterian seminaries: in 1865-67 at the University of Pennsylvania and at Princeton Theological Seminary...
in 1908 gave it the number 181.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library
Vatican Library
The Vatican Library is the library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. It is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. Formally established in 1475, though in fact much older, it has 75,000 codices from...
(Reg. gr. 179), at Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Herman C. HoskierHerman C. HoskierHerman Charles Hoskier , was a biblical scholar, British textual critic, and son of a merchant banker, Herman Hoskier .Hoskier, as textual critic, supported the Byzantine text-type against the Alexandrian text-type...
, Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse 1 (London, 1929), pp. 17-24
External links
- Minuscule 181 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism